Indiana American, Volume 8, Number 46, Brookville, Franklin County, 12 November 1869 — Page 1

pCBLIeHID IVKRT FRIDAY BY

o. H. BiseuAM, proprietor. Office is the National Back Building, (third story.) TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION! $2,50 PER YEAR, ik abtakci. $3 00 " " sot nit i lnriKctj,'o postage on papers delivered within this County. IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR SETTLERS. Clear and Concise Statements of Land Laws and Rulings How to Proceed under the Pre-Emption and Homestead Acts. PREPARED BY CAPT. J. R. M'CLCIIE, REGISTER C. S. LAND OFFICE, iCNCTION CITY, KANSAS. For the benefit of settlers on public l.mJs under the pre-emption and home stead acts, we publish the following ruling and decisions, which must be observed by all persons who wish to avail themselves of the benefits of the above laws. The pre-emption act of September 4, 1S41, provides, that "every person being the head of a family, or widow, or single man over the age of twenty-one years, and ht'mz a citizen of the United States, or bavins Bled a declaration of intention to become a citizen, as required by the naturalization laws," is authorized to enter at the Land Office 160 acres of unappropriated Government land by complying with the requirements of said act. It has been decided that an unmarried -er single woman over the age of twentyone years, not the head of a family, but able to meet all the requirements of the pre-emption law, has the rights to claim its benefits. Where the tract is "offered" the pnrty .must fi'e his declaratory statements within thirty days from the date of bis settlement, and within one year from the date of smid settlement, must appear before the Register and Keceiver, and make proof of his actual residence and cultivation of the trct, and ray lor the same with cash or Military Land Warrants. When the tract;

has been surveyed but not offered at public of the settler is supported by the testi- ! the party so applying must file an tffida-.t-de, the claimant must file within three j mony of disinterested witnesses. vit setting forth the facts on which his almonths from the date of settlement, and j In the second section of the act of May j legations are grounded, describing the mute proof and payment before the day j 20, 1802, it is stipulated in re-ard to set- j tlct and giving the name of the settler, designated in the President's Proclama-I ,iers ? th;.t in case of the death of both ' day will then be set for hearing the evtion offering the lands at pub'ie sale. , father and motLcr. leaving an infant child ! idence, giving all parlies due notice of the

Should the settler, io either of the above class of ca-'es die before establishing his -claims within the period limited by law, j the title may be perfected by the executor , or administrator, by making the requisite proof of settlement and cultivation, and - . . - t ravins: the Government price; tne entry to be made in the name ot '"the heirs ot the deceased settler. When a person has filed his declaratory statement l-r one tract of lnd, it i not lawful for the snme individual to file a eeond leclaritory Statement for another tract of land, unless the first filing was turuiil in consequence of the land applied lor, not being open to pre eruption, or by determination of the land against him, in cuse of contest, or from any other similar caue which would have prevented him Irom consummating a pre-emption under each declaratory statements. Kach qualified pre emptor is perrr.it ted to enter lG'l acres of either minimum or double hitniniuni lands, subject to preemption, by pacing the Govern men price, 51.25 per aire for the former class of hinds, and 2 5(1 per acre fur the latter class. W here a person has filed his .declaratory statement tor land which at the time was Tated at 82 50 per acre, and the price has i subseii'iently been reduced to 61 25 per ! acre, before he proves up and makes pay- i aietit, he will he allowed to enter the land enhraced in his declaratory statement at ihe last named price viz: $1.25 per acre. Final proof aud payment cannot be aJe ui tii the party has actually resided upon the laud for a period of at least six months, and made the necessary cuUiv'ion and in rovemen;s to show his good faith as actual settler. This proof can be niude by one witness. Th c puny ho makes the first settlement

lo persvn upoii a tract of public land, is j ceased pre-empu rs. iitttled to i lie right of pre emption, pro- When at the date of application the vided I e subsequently complies with all j land is ?2 50 per acre, and the settler is the requirements of the law his right to j ltiuited to an entry of 80 acres, should the the laud com me noes from the date be per- price subsequently be reduced to $1 25 firmed the first work on the land. j per acre, the ett!rr will not be allowed to When a person his filed his dec- take additional land to make up for the lmtory statement for a tract of land, j deficiency. and atterwards relinquishes it to the Gov- j The sale of a homestead claim by the ernuK-nt, he forfeits bis right to file again , settler to another is not recognized, and for another tract of land. j vests no title or equities in the purchaser. The assignment of a pre-emption right J and would be prima facia evidence of J E,o "d void. Title to public land is : abandonment, and sufficient cause for cannot pet feeted until the issurance of the ! cellation of the entry. patet.t from the General Land Office, and j The law allows but one homestead privli sales and transfers prior to the date oflilege, a settler who relinquishes or abanpatents, are in violation of law. dons his claim cannot thereafter make a

Tl fie act of March 2T, 1S5, protects : the rit -hi f.r siW .t;nn th line ,r r.,v.rAa i sk ri.,r to (he withdr-iwal of the lands ! '!1 in such cases allows the lands to be rre-en ( ied and paid for at SI 25 per acre furnishing proof of iuLabitancy find ltHaUi.n, as required under the act of ; septet, her 4f 1S41. A'e lUaiCsteai act of May 20, ftov),it '-that any person who is the head ' i-u ilv, or who has arrived at the esre f W ' " - - "cuij-orie years, ana is a citiren ol , I nited States, or who shall have filed hl deelaration of intention to become! u"h, us required by the naturalization i ws oi ihe I nited S'ates, and who "ever tmrne arms aaiust the United forrV JOX"na,Dt or given ant ana coin- ; enemies, shall be entitled to en. " one quarter section or a less quantity ; appropriated public land." . I'UtT Itils act If ! Blri Flanii Bnb- !

jop, , . - -r i an cuteoaer, oesran i) v say ins: l .uow mc cO J IrC n;Pt,l'B kt l - Per acre' or llCint own 40 8(-rt te re!-y eater 1-0 at I prisoner at thenar, and he bears theeharPf? rc l scre- ,an be entered ;l,25, or CO at $2 50 per acre, if both acter of m m.st consuffin,,e and im- . I " fcM'tieailCn. tiv n'atini' amaavit .'lasses of landt sViaiiI -I K CnnA rAniirn. . . . . j

'ih v . J . . . , . - sue is ine neaa ui lamuvvi ITPmrf..n . . ' 1 1 Terfnrn ,a i c' "j-uuc scars oi ae, r mjbu nave

ibI; i . D e WJ f V oiiecnoe in nis aaavit, the tract J:e owns, t . y- lilted fta tf nA ikil vn'ti a rlina -land liiw nnnn s )'. ri.!n.l Cm .!

tioa is 1 ; -j r . Ot be I nis or her excsusive use m utr Tiliusni: nan i 'i C 1. 1 ttn.l 1 1. .. .- .. i l i .1 1 f.ir i .1 nut fliailit Clllljf I wait v i - i-m ui aeiuai neiiieiueui biiu cm v't-n, and not, either directly or indi 'j. ior the use and benefit of ,0r persons whomsoever." On "filing a afhdnvii and pay ment of fees and com"Jion, the entry will be permitted. 0 CfrriK... :i . . . . . lfined iiu oc sriven. or nairnv tii til the expiration ef five years

VOL. 8, NO. 46.

from the date of eaid entry; and if, at the the Homestead act, and thereafter, before expiration of each time, or at any time the expiration of five years, makes satiswithin two years thereafter, the person j factory proof of inhabitancy and cultivamaking such entry or if he be dead, his ' tion and pays for the tract under the 8th widow; or in case of her death, his heirs ! section of said act, it is held to be a Conor devisee; Or in case of a widow making j summation of his homestead right as the sued entry, her heirs or derisee, in case ! act allows, and not a pre-emption, and of her death shall prove by two credible j will be no bar to the same party, acquiring witnesses that he or she have resided upon a pre-emption right, provided he can legand cultivated the same for the term of ally show his right in virtue of actual setfive years immediately succeeding the date tlement and cultivation on another tract of filing the above affidavit, and shall at a period subsequent to his proof and make affidavit that no part of said land I navment under the 8th station of tho

has been alienated, and that he has borne I homestead act. true allegiance to the Government of the j The 2d section of the act of May 20th, United States; then he of she, if at that j 1862, declares that after making proof of time a citizen of the States, shall be en-; settlement, cultivation, &c, "then if the titled to a patent. In case of death of party is at that time a citizen of the Uniboth father and mother, leaving an infant j ted States, he shall be entitled to a patent." child or children under twenty-one years j This, then, requires that all settlers shall of age, the right and fee shall inure to j be "citizens of the United States," at the the benefit of said infant or children; and ' time of making final proof, and they must the executor, administrator, or guardian i fiie in the land office the proper evidence may, at any time after the death of the j of that fact, before a final certificate will surviving parent, and in accordance with j be issued.

the law of the State in which such children for the time being have their domicil, sell said land for the benefit of said infants, but for no other purpose; and the purchaser shall acquire the absolute title from the Government and be entitled to a patent. When a homestead settler has failed to commence his residence upon land so as to enable him to make a continuous resi dence of five years within the time (seven years) limited by law, he will be permitted, upon filing an affidavit showing a sufficient reason for his neglect, to date his residence at the time he actually com menced such inhabitancy, and will be required to live upon the land five vears ironi saiu aare, proviacJ no adverse claim has attached to said land, and the affidavit ; or cuiid!cu. under twentv-one vears f! age, the right aud fee shall inure you to j ,je benefit" of th e infant child ni- diilHrpnanj ,i15lt ie executor, administrator, or ,M1..r(;;.,n , ,,m . f- ,- r - l j - - v. wv itv tit ot the intant heirs, and at anv time within two years alter the dealt; of ihe surviving parent, and in accordance with the law of the State The Commissioner ; rules that instead of selling the land as j above provided, the heirs may, if they so j select, continue resilience and cul.iv-.tiou j on i!ie land tor the period required by i law, at the expiration of and ihe tune pro. vided, a patent will be issued in their ! names. In case of the death of a homestead settler who leaves a widow and children, should the widow marry again and continue hei residence and cultivation upon the land entered in the name of her fiist husband tor (he period required bv law, she will he permuted to make final proof) as the widow of the deceased settlor and ! the patent will be issued in the name of' 'his heirs." I Whiu & Ttidow, or a sinirTc woman, has ' made a homestead eulrv. and thereafter! marries a person ho hasalso made a situihr entry on another tract, it is ruled that ' t : ihe parties may select which tract tliey j will letain tor permanent residence, and j

will le ailowed to enter the remaining j uupncaie receipt, uuiess suc-u receipt tract under the Sih Section of the act of j should be lost, in which case an affidavit May 2, 1S(J2, on proof of i n ha bitance j ihe fact must be filed in the Register's and cultivation up to ;Le. due of marriage, j office, showing how said loss occurred, also In case of ihe de .th of a homestead ! 'd certificate has never been assignsettler, his Kirs will be avowed to enter I ed' a,,d that the "wider is the bona Jtdc

the land under the 8th Section of t he ! Homestead act, by (ii.-iktiig proof of inhabitancy and cultivation in the same manlier as provided bv i-e 2 2 Section oi ihe acted' iarch vi, iu regard to desecond entry. When a rartv has made settlement on i a siirveved traet .-f lan.t nil fil.d I.; ! emption declaration therefor, he may ; change bis filing into a homestead. t If a Homestead settler des not wish to rem hip five year? on his tract, the law per mile liira to pay lor it with cash or tit i. -i; . tary warrants, npon making proof cf res emption cases The rrcof is reauo bv the j fti i-l : v i r fif the nar'v u r ,4 il, flv ' 1 ir. A o V - - - - i " " - J "v -V IV.'.4V.'HJ oi rrro credible witnesses. There is another class of Homesteads, designated as "Adjoining Farm Homesteads." In these cases the law allows an

"lappi.caniyiPiiianawawi, an original ,

tarm, to enter other ,and lying contiguous thereto, which shall not with

1.1 111 1 eXafrirle, a partyowuing or occupying SO acres, may enter SO additional of 1,25, or 40 seres of nO lmi.l Or it tint " .v v.-.. , vus io ins oritrinai larm. in entries oi 'Adjoining Farms," the settler must dcl - - -- - - i i ' J iui h.-iucbot iio l race Clliercu B5 BU tuai resiaenee on tne tract entered as I .1 i . il r I i, ,r . n 1 ' Co . . : 1 uiuiiiiiix ioiiu, 4C I1U1 ICUtitlCU. UifHH Jide improvement end cultivation of it must be shown tor five vears. i The right to a tract f land under the Homesteads act, commence from the date of entry in the land office, and not from date of personal settlement as in case of pre emption When a party makes an entry, coder

a ; .v., i.r. i.iwere tl could go home.

THE UNION. THE CONSTITUTION, AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS."

BROOKVILLE, IND., FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1869.

A party who has proved up and paid for a tract of land under the pre-emption act, can subsequently enter another tract of land under the homestead act. Or a party who has consummated his right to a tract of land under the homestead act will afterwards be permitted to pre empt another tract. A settler who desires to relinquish bis homestead must surrender his duplicate receipt, his relinquishment "to the United States," being endorsed thereon, if he has lost his receipt that fact must be stated in his relinquishment, to be signed by the settler, attested by two witnesses, acknowledged before the Register or .Receiver, or Clerk or Notary Public using a seal H hen a homestead entry is contested, and application is made for cancellation time and place of trial. It requires the testimony of two witnesses to establish me aDanuonment ot a homestead entry, j The notice to a settler that his claim is j contested mast be served by a disinterest ed party, and in all cases when practicable, peisoual service must be made upon the settler. Another entry of the land will not be made in case of relinquishment or content until the cancellation is ordered by the Commissioner of the General Land Otfice. When a party has .made a mistake in the descrip ion of the land he desired to enter as a homstead, and desired to amend his application, he will be permitted to do o upon furnishing the testimony of two witnesses to the facts, and proving that he has made no improvements on the land described iu his first application, but has made valuable improvements on the land he first intended and now applies to enter. H s important for settlers to bear in uiiud that it requires ttco witnesses to make fiual proof under the homestead act, who can testify that the settler has resided upon and eulticatcd the tract for five vears Hem the date of Lis entry. Patents are not issued for lands until froul one to two years after date of locatioa in the District otfice. No patent will he delivered until the surrender ot the ow "cl vl au" cu,'"c" lu patent, By a careful examination of the forgoing requirements, settlers will be enabled to iearu without a visit to the Laod Office, the manner in which they can Becure and perlect title to public lands under the pre7 l . t toil emption aci oi oepiemoer , ion, homestead act of May 20, 1SG2. aud At a supper party at which Alexandre Dumas was present the lady of the house called upoo him, in the name of the other guests, to say something brilliant and wit- . .. . 1 .. .- An. vs. MAttL'tAn. nntns ' ell said, when he did seem to listen to her: j "say somethiog witty; that is your business: you are doing so every day." "Ah!" replied Dumas, "if you look upon . . . - .t . i; l . i j . j i ine matter in inai Mgui, i am reauy iu uu so, provided all the other guests give us likewise a specimen ot their ousiness. t j Prav. Sir." he continued, turning to an I artillery officer sitting on his left, com mence and fire off a cannon shot. It will t my turn uexl! ' A parson, not 'a sea faring man, etc., main anthus explained to his hearers the luei" "?l IIIC ICLl ItlAl uyi-c ta nc an ichor to the soul: "My friend, I suppose j vou kcow what an anchor is. It is a . - s!0 o:a tmng to . - BVu ; headway with. Oneo! the old-stylo ministers who lives in Connecticut recentlyipreehed a sermon an hour and twenty minutes long. But with kindly consideration for modern de- I haA th HoxoWv sun-? in the ; ' pmftn 8ft tha, thosfi ho . . . . A lawyer who was sometimes forgetful, l havintr linon Ano-nivoii fA n ! a it tThA tfailSOt .!.. -ir v - T i. : -. i pUaeui soounarei to him that ine prisoner was nis cieni, when he immediately continued: "But what great - iv - ianagooa man ever uvea wno was not cam,.tA V, - tic- AAtamnArn'" ' 141, I VV. VI J ... J V. ...a -VJ ."' . t Soon after the appearance of Madame de Stael's novel. Delphine, in which she is j said to have introduced Talleyrann ia the j character of an old woman, she ventured i to ak him what he thought of the book, I " Drfhine' he replied; "that is the work,, j is it hot, in which you and I are exhibited 'in the disguise of females'?"

TOM THUMB'S COURTSHIP. BY P. T. BiBNTJX. The General met us at tne depot in Bridgeport on Saturday morning, and drove us to my bouse in his own carriage, his coachman being tidily dressed, witb broad velvet ribbon and Bilver buckle placed upon his hat, expressly for the occasion. Lavinia was duly informed that this was the General's "turn out;" and, after resting half an hour at Lindencroft, he took her out to ride. Be stopped a few moments at his motherB house, where she saw the apartments which hia father had built expressly for him, and filled with the most gorgeous furniture, all corresponding to his own diminutive size. Then he took her to East Bridgeport, and undoubtedly took occasion to point oat in great detail all the houses which he owned, for he depended much upon having his wealth make some impression upon her. They returned, and the General staid to lunch. I asked Lavinia how she liked, her ride; 8he replied:

It was very pleasant, but, she added, "it seems as if you and Tom Thumb own about all Bridgeport!" Ihe General took his leave and returned at five o'clock to dinner, with his mother. Mrs. Stratton remained until seven o'clock. She expressed herself charmed with Lavinia Warren; but not a suspicion passed her mind that Charlie was endeavoring to give her this accomplished young lady as a daughter in law. The General had privately asked me to invite him to stay over night, for said he; 'If I get a chance, I intend to 'pop the question before the Commodore arrives," So I told his mother I thought the General had better stop with us over night as the j Commodore would be up in the late train, adding that it would be more pleasant for the little folks to be together. She assented and the General was happy. After tea, Lavinia and the General sat down to play backgammon. As nine o'clock approached, 1 remarked that it was about time to retire, but somebody would have to sit up until nearly eleven o'clock, in order to let in the Commodore. The General replied: "I will sit up wiih pleasure If Miss Warren will remain also." Lavinia carelessly replied that she was accustomed to late hours, and she would wait to see the Commodore. A little supper was placed upon the table for the Commodore, and the family retired. Now, it happened that a couple of mischievous young ladies were visiting at my house, one of whom was to sleep with Lavinia. They wore suspicious that the General was going to propose to Lavinia that evening, and in a spiritof ungovernable curiosity they determined, notwithstanding its manifest impropriety, to witness the operation, if they could possibly manage to do so on the eIv. Of course this was inexcusable, the more so as so few of our readers, had they been placed under the same temptation, would have been guilty of such impropriety. Perhaps I should hesitate to use. the testiny of such witnssscs, or even to trust it. But a few weeks after they told the little couple the whole story, were forgiven, and all had a hearty laugh over it. It so happened that the door of the sitting room in which the General and Lavinia were left at the backgammon board, opened into the hall just at the side of the stairs, and these young misses, turning out the lights in the hall, seated theai selves upon the stairs in the dark, while they had a full view of the cosy couple, and were within easy car shot of all that was said. The house was still. The General soon acknowledged himself vanquished it backgammon and gave it up. After sitting a tew moments he evideutly thought it was best to put a clincher on the financial part of his abilities; so he drew from his pocket a policy of insurance, and bandit to L-tvinia, lie asked her if she knew what it was. Examining if, she replied: "It is an insurance policy. I see you keep your property insured But the beauty of it is it is not my property!' replied the General, "and yet I ret the benefit of the insurance in case of nre you will see," he continued, unfolding the policy, "this is the property of Mr. Williams, but here, you will observe, it . Teads, 'loss, if anv, payable to Charles S. j Stratton, as his interest may appear. The tact is, 1 loaned Mr. Williams three thousand dollars took a mortgage on his bouse, and made him insure it for my benefit. In this way, you perceive, 1 get my interest, and he has to pay all the taxes." "That is a very wise way, I should think," remarked Lavinia. j That's the way I do all my business," ! replied the General, complacently, as he returned the huge insurance policy to his pocket. "You see," he coutinued, "I never ieod any ot my money without taking bond and mortgage security, then I have no trouble with taxes; my priocipal is secure, and I receive my interest reguI larly." The explanation seemed satisfactory to Lavinia, and the General's courage began to rise, lira win bis chair a little nearer to her, he said: "So you are going to Europe soon? 'Yes," replied Lavinia, "Mr. Barn urn intends to take me over in a couple of months." "Yon. will fled it very pleasant, remarked the General, "I have been there twice; in fact, I have spent about six years abroad, and I like the old countries very much." "I hope I shall like the trip, and I expect I shall," responded Lavinia, "for Mr. Barn urn says I shall visit all the principal cities, and he has no doubt I will be invited to appear before the Qaeea of England, the Emperor and Empress of France, the King of Prussia, the Emperor of Austria, and at the courts of any other countries which we may visit. Oh! I shall like that, it will Toe bo .ew Q tne.

"Tea it well be veryinteresting, indeed. I have visited most of the crowned heads,' remarked the General, with an evident feeling ef self-congratulation. "But are yon not afraid yon will be lonesome in a strange country?" asked the General.' "No, I think there is no danger ef that, for friends will accompany me," was the

reply. "I wish I was going over, for I know

an aDouc tne different countries, ntduirr, n.-fi.7Bt th ..;,

could explain them all to you," remarked the General. That would be very nice," said Lavinia "Do you think so?" said the General, uiiiii!iii.iiiiiviiraetiuiicr. "Of course," replied Lavinia, coolly, "for being a stranger to all the habits and customs of the people, as well as to the country, it would be pleasant to have aome person along who could answer all my foolish questions." "I should like it first rate, if Mr. Barnum would engage me," eaid the General. "I thought yon remarked the other day that you had money enough, and was tired of traveling," said Laviuia, with a slightly mischievous look from one corner of her eye. "That depends upoo my company while traveling, replied the General. "You might not find my company very agreeable. "I would be glad to risk it." "Well, perhaps Mr. Barnum would engage you if you asked him," said Lavinia. "Would you really like to have me go?" asked the General, quietly insinuating his arm around her waist, but hardly close enough to touch her. "Of course I would," was the reply. The little General's arm clasped the waist closer, as he turned his face nearer to hers, and Eaid: "Don't you think it would he pleasanter if he went as man and wife?-' The little fairy quickly disengaged his arm, and remarked that the General was a funny fellow to joke in that way. "1 am not joking at all," said the General, earnestly, "it is quite too serious a matter for that." "I wonder why the Commodore don't come?" said Lavinia. "I hope you are not anxious, for his arrival, for I am sure I am not," responded the General; "and what is more, I do hope you will say 'yes' before he comes at III" ' Keally, Mr. Stratton," said Lavinia, with dignity, "if you are in earnest in your strange proposal, 1 must say I am sur prised." "Well, I hope you are not offended," replied the General, "for I never was more in earnest in my life, and I hope you will consent. The first moment I saw you I felt that you were created to be my wife." "But this is so sudden." ''Not so very sudden! It is several months since we first met, and you know all about me and my family, and I hope you find nothing to object to in n:e." "Not at all; on the contrary, 1 have fuund you very agreeable; in fact, I like you very much as a friend, but I have not thought of marrying, and " "And what, my dear? ' said the general, giving her a kiss. "Now, I beg of yon, don't have any buts or 'ands' about it. You say you like'me as a friend; why will you not like me as a husband? You outfit to get married. I love you dearly and 1 want you for a wife. Now deary, the Commodore will be here in a few minutes 1 may not have a chance to see you again alone- do say that we will be married and I will get Mr. Baiuum to give up your engagement." "I think I love you well eneugh tooonsent, but I have always said I would never marry without my mother's consent." "Oh! I'll ask your mother. May I nsk your mother? Come, say yes to that, and I will go and see her next week. May I do that, pet?-' "Yes, Charles, you may ask my mother. Now, Charles, don't whisper this to a living soul; let us keep our own secret for the present." "All right,'' said the General, "I will say nothing, but next Tuesday I shall start to see your mother." 'Perhaps you may find it difficult to obtain her consent," said Lavinia. At that moment a carriage drove up to the door, and immediately the bell was rung, and the little Commodore entered. Sherman's March to the Sea. In his address at West Point, General Sherman thus alluded to bis famous "march to the sea." I have oftimes been asked by friends familiar with Xenophon, Hume and Jomini, in which of these books I have learned the secret of leading armies on long and difficult marches, and they seemed surprised when I answered that I was not aware that I had been influenced byanyofthem. I told them what I now tell you in all simplicity and truth, that when I was young lieutenant of artillery, I had often bunted deer in swamps of the Edisto, the Cooper, and the Santee, and had seen with my own eyes that they could be passed with wagons; that in the spring of 1844 I had ridden on horseback from Marietta, Ga., to the Valley of he Tenuessee, and back to Augusta, passing in my course over the very fields of Altoona, of Kenesaw, and Atlanta, were afterwards it fell to my share to command armies, and to ntilitethe knowledge thus casually gained. Aeaia in 1840 and 1S50 I was in California, and saw arrive across that wide belt of two thousand miles of uninhabitable country, the caravans of emigrants, composed of men and women, and children, who reached their destination ia health and sirength; and when we used to start on a journey of one thousand miles with a single blanket as oovering and a ooil of dried meat and a sack of parched corn meal as food. With knowledge fairiy acquired, in actual experience, was there afty need for me to look back to Alexander theOreat, or to Manborough for example? Father Ilyacinthe ia studying English,

WHOLE NO. 402.

Transplanting in Autumn, The question is often asked, what is the best time in Antamn to set oat trees? Can we doit while the leaves are yet green, or wait till near winter, after they have fallen? The answer nay be: ! it whenever the work can be well done, and when the soil is in proper condition as to dryness for working properly. If done i early, the leaves must be all first carefally j tion of moisture. We have known trees to have been entirely spoiled in a few hours by wilting, from carelessness in not removing the leaves when taken in n th Nnrltiorn Nfatoa imrMrrm.. usually commence digging by the first of j October. Some trees have entirely ceased j growing by this time, including generally cherries, plums and standard pears. lr the leaves are removed they may now be taken up and transplanted, as well as at any time in autumn orthe following spring. Others have not fully completed the ripening of the young wood, which is effected through the assistance of the leaves. The only barm done in taking them up at this early time is in giving unmatured shoots on some parts of the trees, instead of those well ripened and hardened, and the result will be that some af the tips may be nipped by the frost of winter, or they will not start in spring with so raoeh certainty of vigor. Hardy kinds, such as apple, will not be much injured in this way; and the peach, although tender, should be shortened back in spring in any case. It will be safe, therefore, with a few exceptions to take up trees any timeafter the I first of October, care being taken to do the work we!!, as already indicated. The soil should be in such condition as to be easily made fine and mellow, so that it may be filled in perfectly among the Toots without having interstices. Staking against wiud, or effecting the same purpose by a small mound of earth about the stem, should be not omitted. We have never succeeded better than by taking up trees in mid-autumn, healing them in by burning the roots and half the stem for wintering, aud setting eut early in the spring. They, however, do quite as well set out in autumn, provided they are hardly sorts, and the site is not a windy one. In heeling in for winter, it is absolutely essential to fill all the interstices among the roots very compactly with fi ae earth. Many trees are needlessly lost by carelessness in this particular. The roots are injured by dryness of moldiness, and the mice fiud easy access among the cavities. To exclude mice effectually, the heeling ground should be clean, and a smooth mound of earth raised on all sides about the trees. John J. Thomas. Work Briefly Considered. Labour is not a very horrible thing in itself. Without it the world would go to the bad, and right speedily. Labour, truly, is the grand regulator of humanity, as well as the earner and conservator of plenty. It drives away want; it teaches self-denial; it promotes happiness, social and Dublic: it is the grandest stomachic and the most potent soporific. G-d as it is, and useful as well, most people want little or none of it; and when they de lake it, they go at it like children taking physic. I out, like children, 'they don t know what is for their good; and so it must be flogged into them, till they become used to it, and the habit of work is fixed for life. Some, indeed become very slaves of labour. The habit, hard to fix, has become so set, that a hammer of adamant cannot break it; and it thus happens that not a few men submit to a slavery heavier than any ever borne by cane hoer or cotton picker, perhap, because the reward they reap is golden; and for the love of it, thoy pile its golden masses upon themselves (ill soul aud lile and body are smothered out to gether. Well, well: so it is, but so it need not be. Men may wisely labour and reap blessing, and they may wisely rest and enjoy the blessing. Young man, go at it bravely and take your share of work. Hold it in command; make it your servant, but don't become its lackey. It will pay you then. You must net lay bold of it with a weak heart, and drop it when it becomes hard. If you do. idling, bragging, talkative ne'er do-wells, j you will become one ot those dawdling. who stroll over the world shiftless and im provident, begging, and borrowing, and grumbling a nuisance to themselves aud io mankind iu general. DiUiea. What was Eve's first song? A now yhat are foolish songs? Stupid -ditty and absurd ditty. What should be the 'lay of the hen? Fecund-ditty. Our Daniel says proof enough can be seen that peeple nowadays don't live so well nor so Ions: as in olden times in the !i fact that we don't fiud any very old folks but what were born a great while ago. He says the present age has uever furnished 'em, and he don't believe it can. If it could, why don't ii? Dan'l is one of cm he i.

During the examination of a witness as j quite u.-ui-unl anu bewildering; one draw to the locality of the stairs in a house, the! longer and deeper iuhalations distanva learned counsel asked him, "Which way ! are confusing beyond that is tne only fact did the stairs tun?" The witness, who was. i that the mountain top has b.-en gained a noted wag, replied, "one way they ran np j and ihe dowusv;iil slope u S;t Lak V-l-and the other way they ran down." The j nw begins. Tne asoeut of tne Sierra learned counsel wiDed both eves and took ' Nevada range i Mmewhif different. It

a look at the ceiling. iL'EGA'NT Gent. vWell, on consideration, 1 Suppose I can allow yoa a couple of thousand per annum for pocket-handkerchiefs; but be as easy as you can, my dear, en gloves, llow will a huudrcd aud fifty dollars per month do? TmU'ned, as the ot woman satd ! whan hr house was on fire, bit it is a Cold wight4 and I may as well Warm my ' self.", . ....

TERMS OF AD V ERTlSl!

TRAJtSIEXT. One Mun, (It !ln.1 j w square, two rasrtion who square, cure insarttons.. . AH aaaaqveat iasartions, per iquara YKARLT. Owe aolDTB, obaagaabla qaarterty..-, Three-qnarterc of a eohiat& Ooe-lnif of a eolnm . One-qnarter of a cotamn Ona-aigatb f a eolama Trat advartisTtneati ihoU ia all a w paid rax t adTasea. tTalese a partievHr Mst ia seoited waaw Taw, d ia, adTertisnmenta will be aablitaad aaaU a dered oat aad oharged aeeordingly. - Have We a Luther? :- Z -The reception of Father flvseinthe this country has been precisely what wa expected. The Romanists give him ayt only the eold shoulder, but tae most vehement abuse:, while the Protestants, ri-joicibf in the noble stand he has taken, do n4 wish to embarrass him by their at ten tioa. Some of the secular papers have nhow their own ignorance of the state of opinion in the Chuvch, by representing Protestants, asdisappocto ted that Father Hyacinth d.e not at once cast himself iuto their arm. Bat Protestant well understand tht Fath er Hyacinths is where he can do the roost for Christ and the truth, and they wnl4 not on any account diminih,by the weight of a hair, his influence io the Chwrch C Rome, lie stands now just where La i her and his brother Reformers first stood, and like them Father Hy acinths will, in dw time, be excommunicated and cursed. Then cut off, not only by his own act, bet by the Church, itself, be will carry on th re form be has nobly begun, with all th strength that God has given him. " TLe intemperate abuse lavished upon hia? by the Romanist papers of ibis city a have fa I en him by surprise, hat it surprise no one else. He probably counted upon liberality in this free country. And there is liberality everywhere but in the Ruiuiah Church. The Irish are more ultramon tane than the French, German, Austria or Italian Romanists, and the Americas Romanists are Irish Rjmaaists Probably in n country is Popery so unreasoning, bigoted, so servile, so benighted, as io tha United States. In the comiog Counc.I at Rome the American Roman bishopa will go solid for the Pope's exiretnest dogtM. Father ilyacinthe did not know thisv He did not expect to read in the Romas) Catholic paper of live very week ol his arrival such a salatattou a tkis: "This is a poor ecu fry for whaky. pecially renegade. Catholics. If. Pere lly acini he comes here expecting to induce any considerable number of Catholics, of' even a single Catholic to accept him as t leader, or to follow him in his most ioteisj perate and f-illy attacks on the authority of the Church, he will find that he has come on a fool's errand. If he comes as a Protestant seeking sympathy and gloiification from the enemies of the Church, h will no doubt be welcomed, but not wiih much warmth or respect; for they see that he comes without any following, ha only his bare self to otf.fr them. They already see that by leaving the Church ho has lost his power serve them, and tb.it they have no fr:hor uso of him,' "Catholics in this country are in genera) believers in Republican Government, and ardent defenders of civil liberty and the freedom and independence of the Church; but they are equally stern defenders of the Divine authority of the Church to teach and govern all men and nations in all things pertaining to the spiritual duties, relations, and end of man." . As Father ilyacinthe does not speak the English language, he cannot reach the masses of our people with his burning eloquence. If ho could address them in his own tongue, they would diaw him out ot li i own wc lusion, and compel him to speakl There are thousands eager to hear him. He way call himself a "Catholic." Bat he denies the infallibility of the Pope and rejects the supreme authority of the Council: he pleads for a free Bible and holy Sabbath: he recognize all who love Ohi-ist as his t'hristian brethren: and these doc triii'1 are the death of Romanism. We hear that inee Faihar Hyacinthe's departure from France, the sentence of deprivation" ha- l.ee passed upon him. This means lhat he is no longer permitted to exercise his fur.c'ions as a preachet in Notre Dame. It deprives him, of conn,' of any income that he may have derived from his position in tie Church. But he came well provided with funds to meet the expenses of his journey. Last Sabbath morning he attended public worship in Piymeufh chnrch, Brooklyn, Rev. II. W. lieccher's. At ihe close of service, he was presented to the preacher in the midst of much excitement io the congregation, who manifested the greatest curiosity to seethe f.iar. This step, so contrary to thfl custom of the Romish (.'hutch, is clearly indicative of the reformer's willingness to beak away Irom his l.irmer associations, lla may have been already excommunicated, and if he has not been, the sentence will not bw long delayed.—[N. Y Observer. ———<>——— The Rocky Mountains. One who starts with the idea of being greatly impressed by the Rocky Mountains is sore of disappointment. The ascent begins as soon as you leave Omaha, and you ride five hundred and fifty miles before reaching the summit—the grade being so gradual that you scarcely notice it except during the last four or five hours. The scenery at the highest point, Sherman, is no way specially noticeable, and one does not recognize that he is at the summit except by reference to his table of elevations. There I discovered that we had mounted upwards of 4300 feet in 150 miles, and 2,200 feet in the last 33 mile section. There is a rareness in the atmosphere begins about Reno. We climb only about 2,500 feet in 50 miles, but it is unmistakably a mountain. The grade is gradual enough, for the road winds about among the peaks and spurs with a suggestive charm of human foresight and ingenuity, but the towering slopes on the one side and the yawing chasms on the other make you realize what you are doing: and the superb scenery all around gives a sense of satisfaction for which I had ached through hundreds of miles of sage brush and buffalo grass and alkali chud.

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