Indiana American, Volume 8, Number 10, Brookville, Franklin County, 5 March 1869 — Page 1

TERMS OF AOV ERTISING.

I'lBllsHtED KVKRT FRIDAT BY

C. H. OlNtiUAM, Proprietor. Cilice id tie nation A Bank Building, (Air? story.) TtRViS OF SUBSCRIPTION: 2 SO PFR VKAH.is ai-tam-v,, poetafc-? on paper delivered within this : Vointv. How to Resume Specie Payments. SPEECH OF HON GEO. W. JULIAN, : pRJSENxTIVES ' i Is TUE lIol sE OF " ' r EBBl'ARl O, -. ! .1 The House bein in Committee of the i .1, 1. . 1. . ...... Af I. a I . n 1 II i nOlC OH liic Ma'c v'l uiiiv" Mr. J I' LI AN said Mr tlunrmmi: The simple and obvious j solution of our financial problem is to be found in the reduction of expenditures and i. - ; ...a . l'.,r.i.!i;.a tut This iuc iii" v f - " t , is the chosen and sure way to specie payBients, and to real national weaitn, auu tne uuie nas coujc to i.n,. . 1. rn.'. it .ni tn pians. our teei iu cwii- .v..v. . tual lacts. The country has Leen ted on xt.ete uitviiM luuj; vuvut.u. -- . I . Amiimh 1A hriini . , . - . . i . i- . . ..Li mm hiri Y.pfn tee nil niT With . ui inn 'u.iiv ,- i atiiUuous scneu.es ii uuiu, on io... ly diflctitig from each other, bewildering j

ratl.er than enlightening tne general minu, , 1- ,j,e tonuage transportation basin- The first duty ot Congress, Mr. Chair- ations, and under the terms cn which it homestead aud pre-emption law-, in deexciting false hopes, and kind. ing among I trtl;4tieti at ,ie rate of eight bundled per man, is to forl id ibe further sale of an- was granted they bold it as 1 complete rogation of the authority of Congress,

the reuple a teverish discontent, instead ot invoking the spirit of patience in our enatat or id inti'i ... . . . . .1... n 1 ... i , , whifh lhp tiih 1 cuuuition and the lesson wnicn iney leaiu. , Other methods are now wanting, lhscardiiis: metaphyseal projects, and putting -iue the tol y of looking to the Oovern UlCl.t fur s.-me spit nuiu hnancial panacea . 1 .h sl.ail at ouce lift from us the cur1 cur debt and immortalize its ois Cell 01 cavern-, we must now turn to the piaiti m,d i!J fashioned ways and 11. cans 1 have ii.c'iiicried. There i"- no royal road out il nur national indebtedness. There is no shi'it cut to specie payments by the mete flat of law, independent cf our aatual re-t-L'uices. I?gilaiion can create a debt, hut it cannot pay it. We miht just as rf.M'iiadly attempt to change the proper-tie-of the triangle by act ot Congress-, as to it the precise day on which our na ti.i:al debt shall be fully paid, or our g;ce:.backs redeemed in coin; since we heve no foreknowledge of the Course ot 1 he seasons, the productiveness of our rivp-, the icissiluJas of trade, the cbar-Mi-ui and intliience of future legislation, and Other onlingeliC'.e-i which llid.-t vital iy trt.ee i our financial resources at any giv en Siiiie l.eleatter. Fi!sce is no jilsigle. no s iiht of-haud by wtiicb ttie nation iii te iciieved of it, great oVM without L-tiiil pay mem; nor is it a lii.efc Art, ut-tt-iiy inscruiabie tu the plain common iiie of the pco ie. Sir. what want. I ler-eat, is economy of expetiditnie and increased produciion. On tire one hand, c must cut !' 11 al! appropriations to the l i st practicable, ti-iuiv; n-fu-e all trii ht lull MiK-idtes tv) laiiruads, steiin-hips, and ki!,iied piojicts, revise the tail! and tax i vv 1 ri ll, e iiiietest id iahoi ; ani so letoifii tii civil service that the moiiev drawn ti.. 1:1 H e earnings of the people shall not ! si;iaiiuered y incom peie nt and eMrTpt i?ji i;s On tlir oilier hand, 1 hr (o -r 11 n 1.:. U'l'Hhi; wiihio ! scojv ot ll- leg riii.nie poUeis, must icuiihc a- tar as pus -i't:' ait ohsii uc. ions to iud u! 1 ii develop i.ieiit, and thus encourage, tm x-itii lu.uilkt'tfiioii, liie extension of 0111 rlts, lite s'i( k !i:etit of our wtsSern Sta'es acid lernt. lies, and the profitable eapiotaiiou of oil iiiines. ll in tins .-eeond hia. eh ot r.iy sulject, M r. Ciiaii ma n, ot mlilcti 1 lsh LiuCv to speak; but before I do this, ai1' w me tv refer to some vtrv insti uciie noi ei.ei uiagiug fact- nd figures afjce'ing cur cuudiiion ami prospecis a a peopi. Aecoiding to Coimiiistiotioi Warily, one n.iuiMii names "t foietgti countries he ; 1 u !,entiy settled in ihe finned Slaw trim u.e li dny of July, to the li ii;iy i f lecember, lttiS lie says ih.t liittit.dlloiiC have been made iileli l)v tlial tluse iuuii;raiils hiing iih iheui o" ii aveiace eiuhtv u. dials oer hod, whit ti.cir atciag-; value, u produce! i one tiioitsaiid doiUis each. I Uiiiiit ( ion, t' eu. -inee the clo.-e of the war, auued e:luy tt.iilion dollars directly, and rie l-ui.dicd miiiion dollars iuaiiectiy, to the lM'a;cts of the countrv U11I. ti e last four to five yeare our :on iiiannUetiues have iueieased nerlliiltv two Per ci-iit I "Ii a iiii'T....' in Iv it" iiooieu manufactures has been much larger. ihe product of pig iron from 1803 to V'S bus grown from !17 tons 10 1 fiiSil - tons, being considerably in exce.-e of t iitol Lueat Bntian. The product of ' l I't-r from lx;il KilT li . .......... ,. i - .1 - - .. . .me 1 11 v 1 1 n r L u Irvw Ij.iibn tons, to 11,735 tons. Ibe product id' petroleum during the years l.Vi4 and IS',15 averaged .i'.UHHMKMI tboiis. In l;-b"7 ,t was over 67,tt0 O'.hl f-al.oti-, ailli tor 1mI8 up to the Pnh of IWen.ler, it was 94.774.291 gallons. t i,e pioduct ot coal ouritig the pa?t ti.iee year has averaged, annually, neariv lo Uuii,mj( ions. D..r iuke ion nage in 1866 increased ' j lit cent , 111 ltb.. eleven per t'eii t Our average monthly consumption ot su.ir- tur the v e eir eudiug November .JO, iii:1.ii. 1 ... 1. Was 1 .1 ... -,""t,ovi iuuuus more i nan ; r. u.e same period in the year lbu ;:

' average monthly consumption of 'scope, and the untramiueled use of its reCo!"V t.il tons more than during the same sources and energies; and this is forcibly I cried of ihe previous year. illustrated by Commissioner Wells, in his

he increase in our agricultural products h been not les remuikahle The mini- ! U l,r o. sluep in Ohm in 1 six m-M 1 ?.!; -IJ4 greater than in the year 1S65, and it ' csria.aied that the number has doubled ' 'tlliri t,e iiai nintif 1..,.. Tl, V .'cr fc"-s ,r'"" be year 1865 to that of ''S was 700,000. The aggregate of her 1 . ... . . 111. iiiv 7 v 1 l.ut i i ii r . I., 1Ci: ... 111? - 414 i'll -"8 bushels; in lb66 it was 11S.061, and in 1 .--ir.7 1 1 1 nun mill 'IV,.-.

, - -i . i.u'iiijMvv.. j. j ;oiii.iLiuii,aucavijriui.iri!igiiiuioiiSiiorcs iu nil" cnuru oidtc.-, an. ..j ...v.- -; t -.- j i . - , . , 'uuaier ofhntrs packed at the West in ! What, then, Mr. Chairman, is the lesson : at the rate of three hundred thousand per ward became subject to the control and i the possessory title by which they are now j of permanence and peace through our 't quickened industrioa aud improved can.-M.o-W Wils 1,70,5,955; m 1S66 67 it was j which these facts and figures plainly teach? annum, would be largelv increased through management of Congress, as all other pub-, held, they shall be conveyed to the Uui- j system of national surveys. We hare our . uUou would allow. L upiecudentea prtv--'0 791, and in lbG7-68, 2,781.084 ! Do they plead for some marvelous an d as the motive power of greatiy extended ia-; lie lands. This was not only the true pol-1 ted States, and tall under the operation of General Land Office, with its local - lind j pcriety and weallh would anewer W tb .ite present rate of ii.pvi.!. tl. rn,i .if I r. ,i ,.,l .srov crA si-lit-mA nf ; ,.ii;t;., i'...,.,. !i r onlnimxl lt tho Oonstitu ! our pre -emotion and homestead laws: aud 1 offices in everv Portion of the Public do- I toueed energies of the people ad tuo

I 1 - ------. -i-w-u a --wj' v 1 UUtl fori, th - a i. . , i ! oau corn thr.in r),,,,,f irh.-.lo ..-iin tri" is three and on"i l.!f i. ...,t -ue ppun I... .1. 1 . . - j " i a v i . i o is csinuaicu iti. --v,out),nu(j bushels. In the year 1867 'nncsota expoited wheat alone amounllg to 1 nun on.i i i. .1 i i i , . . ousncis, wuicn soiu ac average of two ,iniu ,....i,oi oaung our mtional wealth on this one

l:r3tJ If:

1 VOL. 8, NO. 10. article alone twenty-four million dollar-; land it is estimated that not over two per cent - f her lands have yet been reduced 10 c,ua' settlement. I quote these calcii lations from the late able sj eech of Mr. " WixnoM. one of the Representatives of .1.... v. . . ------- t (on fof yeJir js 1 1 " . . iin.tA.i i. r -i j. txtt in iitri iiii iir . .. .... t. ,.... n sjce ,,e jear has averaged, annual jy 1 tl5t miles. From the year 1805, and it)Cl usive of that year, nearlv 8.UlHmiles i . l . - i : . i. TT..:. J

nave teen vonsn uticu in nc uunru.isrninvu di utuerinu 1 ue iiuoisiiiuenr States, being more than double the annu of crime, is negative only, and simply

al increase prior to that time. Mr. ells estimates mat ine gross earnings ot our .. .i.-t roaas pay ior meir consirucuon in a nine n,ore than four years. The total annual vaiue 01 an ine nietcnanaise tramc on an .'11.1. t i' . AM ll' - i. ... J.. , ....... I : iir nuu.1 11 jMiacui trtfuam rvirii vii nun lwo hundred and seveut v-turee millon two iuntjrej thousand dollars. From 1851 to ' .e SIKi the actual increase has been 42 4S0.ttt'0 tons. The estimated value of jeHrs has mcseasea at the rate of nearly . Iour hundred millions of dollars per an-( utu. From the year lt?5S to lbG3 the icrca!Se of tonnage on alt the roads in the ril mcrenaridise lor I u ia mi rrn .. , . . . . . United States has been sixteen times gieatr than the increase ot population. ithin the ten years from l-i50 to ISoO our population has increased fifty times lister ihan that of Great Biitain, while the annual expenses of the latter are one hundred and nineteen millions greater than ours. During the railroad era of our country, from the yesr 1SM0 to lbO, the increase of our wealth wa five bundred and eight per cent. From 1810 to 18(J0 our percentage of increa.-e was two 11 nun aim j . ' 1 ft 1 ti iu'i c iu.ui eighteen times gieater than that of Great Britain; and the most remarkable fact must be mentioned, that in the three and w .in.l J - ... v ....... ... .v.., ... ' we have paid eight hundred millions of do.iars id our nutioral debt. 4 liulf v.. -i c l,,l l.iw-l it ,r tt f.ii.u j.l t!' war ot er vacant lands, the increase of productive wealth, and consequently ot our exports and imports, conform to general principle. It should lemcmberrd that railway cxtens conceded to he t no best it not the only : solution of the Indian problem, and that just so tar and so fast us this solutiou shall be accomplished, the fiighttul expcuditutes den.aiided by our Indian wars vvil! tie avoided. According to official do out cm.-, llie expense of suppressing Indian hostilities in the years lib t and 18t)5 was over thirty mil lions ot dollars, and tor every dead Indian two minions of dollars, were expended. Our Indian troubles tor the past six years have cost us one bundled million dollars, and calculations have been made showing that our several Indian war within the past twenty years have cost us seven bundled and tiny millions. The present current expense ot our Indian wars is believed to be five million dollars per week, or about one hund red and iorty-iour thousand dollars per day. The.-e expenditures are startling, bin they will be constantly dr.ninis..ed i i our railways are txtetided. aith the selling column of sett lem. nt and civilization a Inch will follow along their line-, till up our distant borders, aud augment our productive wealth. Mr. Chairman, this encouraging exhibit : of our national icsources and material development would be wanting in its true ! 1 . . voiue and lun signiucance u not conoidered iu ine i;gm 01 an important rt necnon which it naturally suggests. In th extct proportion that our wealth iucreases our . .. 1 .1.1.. .1 .1 T . 1 - . : I national utui n 111 1 11 is ors. to i.jc paiu t our debt of lSt5 twenty eight years ago, would have requiied ninety per cent, of; 'all the property of the United Mates. But th-e paviueut of ihe debt of 1SGS would only require about eight per cent, of our; present wealth. Ihe ratio of increase of' our wealth from 1S50 to 18t!0 was nearly 1 one hundred and twenty four and one; half per cent.: but assuminu tLat it will . hereafter be only one hundred percent.. everv ten vears. the aggregate of our i wealth in the year 1900, according to' ommissioner Wells, will be two hundred . and fitty-eight billions five huudied and touriecn millions of dollars. 1 In 1900, therefore, our debt will be only ' - w ' c-..-one eighth as great a burden as it. is now, , or one ninetieth of what it would hare been on the property of 1840. A tax of iuk percent, would then wipe out the entire indebtedness, while now it reouires one per cent, to pay the current annual expenses ot the lioverntnent. Ine na-if tion, theiefore, in the gratitin growth ot its wealth, which 1 have sketched yroieuiy out vt iiH.r, and growing so last as m3 .. . 1 1 .... 1 - to put 10 nigni an apprenetisi 'tis as 10 our hnancial future. W fiat it wauts is Irte : 'reference to ihe removal ot the tax on manufactures, which compelled the Tiea.--ury to relinciuish at least one hundteJ ; "! seventy millions of dollars, and yet ; !y stimulating the productive interests of, t he ponntrv it accelerated the ravmeiit nt. r 1 our debt. It did this, he says, on the ; rT nciple that the power of contributing lit lilt 1 1 11 II 1 ) r VP II 11 1 1 nOri aSS iTA.illlPtll. ; cally as the activity of production and cir- ! c illation increases aril h m eticall v. ; .--wv--kw.v.. wwvva .v i U i ' . supcrscede or help along the natural processes which we have seen are so hope-, tully at work? 1 have already answered this question. J he true hnancial policy ot the Government to-day is that of a Masterly Inactivity, leaving the great forces of industrv and trade to their work, to "un- ' cover our mountains of gold and silver,"!

in nniin.j. 10 uui laimij c---itiii n luiiujuuu ui luc u o e I i 111 e in , nave la.ieil iui oj 111c 1 aciu menu, aim tun laimni; iy icuc?tui an uveiaye ui uic I'CI - " nuinvu oji nic iuiiu niuns, wiiuuui any ijjjiilg (,r our tBtUtO The . 1. .... '.1 1... ..v . j . 1. .. . 1 1. ;,... v. .. i- 1 : . . j. 1 n: - .., 1 . :.. u. ..... ; r ........ i 'T. i . : c ' I. . ..i . . . i. . i . 1 i .. 1 j i ' '

I.. ..-.... . .. ... I .. ...... ....!..... .- . I ... , ...... .. I 1. I' , . 1 l-.l . .. ... . 1 LI.....K.. I . , .. T-limill. t.A v. ........ . .... . . I i;.,A , tilKiiii..,.,! I... ,1... I.-.....I r. . .. . .. . . 1 . ....

mount ui- uiiroioi iioii avi-uiuiiiy ivi hit; iuui ne giosp 01 mo II O poi ISIS, inn oeen , ion y - se v e ll iiiiiiious 01 acies. ii is jujiuu,-, u nuuiu .-u.-iaiu a population 01 iwo iim ui aooeui iu me local lanu Ollice, j jeucy of modem le'Mslation OQ

best authorities on ttie sulject onr toremn consigned to solitude, through ihe regu- about ejual in extent to the hve states ot ; hundred and hny thousand. ihe tern- , or to any r ederal court. 1 he uct, as 1 jjeet is a"aiut the policy on w

m. migration increases in me rano 01 our, lar partnership which the lioverument has I ennsy ivania, -ev jersey, Connecticut, ; roiuy is neany large enougn to crave out . siaieu on us passage, is an absolute deed United States have embarked

railway extension; and ihat the settlement termed with the speculator to cheat the .Massachusetts-, aud jevv Hampshire, while ot if three such Mates as .Massachusetts, i iuit claim on the part of the United States ,, ;.,U..;,M.. i,i ,....,.i;n.

y a s u

aa

"THE UNION, THE CONSTITUTION, AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS."

to build our railway, to multiply the tillers o! the soil, and thus to solve the prob - lem of out fiinnces by the creation of wealth. "All that government can do," says Buckle, ' is to ff ird the opportunitv of progress: the progress, itself, must , j- , r - r- ; depend upon other matters. lie asserts, ina rr in&rnaT nt-a iion anrtro.i in ....... . u... v.. er laws wcro repealed; and that while the power of government for evil is inealeulable, itspower Jor good, beyond the mere : r l i . : .i . auxiiutry to natural and social laws. All . . mat v ongress can do to improve our nnances, or speea tne payment ot our c t, is to remove some of the principal ob- . I ' sirnctions to tne oeveiopment ot our re- .. r - - 1 .1 ... .-r . - 1 .1. . jwurcen, ami inns ic uoru i ue vppuriunu ot progress: and now T riMiic tit thu discussion of this point. other acte of aratde cublic land, excert as provided un..er the pre-emption and home - . .. .. iirnl liv. 1 hi h.m 1.1 h imt mctint. .......... ly, and the time is coining wben our failuie or refusal to it will be regarded with inexpres-ib'.e surprise a ttd sorrow. We sav to the landless poor tna.i. -(io unon any portion of the surveyed public lands, select vour homesteads, occupy and improve it, and it shall be yours." But we s.iy to the speculator, '-(.Jo also, with the free license of Congress to throw yourself across the track of our struggling pioneer seti lers, by buy ing up great bodies of choice lands, forcing ihem beyond you into the more distant frontier, or compelling them to surround y our monopoly by their improved homesteads, which shall thus make you licii by their toil and at ibe -nation s vw.-i. ii?ii , puvu a iui icy is as uuaiiciany stupid as it is flagrantly ui ju-t. It has married and crippled the homestead law from the beginning, rendering it a mcasm-. j.f i.ilv... r... .. ft 1.... II.. .... VI l V. VII II8I1-TI.I lllIM 111 m . U?L. VTII it II - other occasion I have shown that more than thirty millions of acres, siuce the pool man out of his rikiht to a home, and i the country itself out of the productive

to the same : wealth which these millions might have : provemcnts are nearly equal to the entire conveyed bv the tieaty to a single railroad I ,lua,'e tniles, and commits them wholly to ! ttie departure from the -likewise be yielded under the hand of industry. j area of the thirtecu original colonies of corporatiou in Kansas, in utter disregard I tne dispbnition and arbitrament of the Dot only has no Cod reas ision is now , wl should Congress - any longer ' tl,e United States. . 0f the right of ihe buna fi.ic settlers on it, I custom or rules of the miners." j but is made in the face o

iti thk .iM,,..l ...1 ,;,., n..li . i I fie wealth which is to teed our commerce

aud enable us to pay our debt must he , 'ave Wl a ,ne representatives ot the . tne right of occupancy is relinquished, and its dips, angles, and vaiiations, to any dug trom the soil. No man will dispute Fe".''e t, '.!''' ,0 commit to the tender J shameless disregard of the equal rights depth, although it may enter the land dthis fundamental, truth. Then, why not "erctcs of monopolists territory enough cf other railroad corporation, to the aid joining, which land adjoining shall be dedicate the whole of our remaining rich for a score ot principalities and kingdoms? ; 0p , he Government. All this land is sold ; sold sul ject to this condition." This

lands to actual settlement and tillage, and while thus increasing our wealth provide homes and independence for the pom? Our Puritan ancestors, piior to their emigration to -Massachusetts Bay, issued a psper in which they declared that "the w hole earth was the Lord's garden, aud ne h;;d given it to the sons of Adam, to be tilled and improved by them." And they asked, -'Why, their, should any stand starving for places of habitation, and in the mean time sutler whole countries, as profitable tor the u-e of man, to lie waste without any improvement Sir, this tiuestion, so earnestly asked by the runthe uiit neatly lao hundred and fifty years ago, still demands au answer, aud in ihe swer and in ihe i i nan e of the homeless and toiling poor of: our land I ask it from the Congies of the United States. The interest of humanity and the development of our resources go nrid in hand, ana their joint plea cannot n l.n,.pr hp .i,.iip,l i a . - T on During the fiscal vcar ending June .0. , ... there were taken under the southern ! homestead law in the five Und States to I which it applies rvt ,077 acres. During ! the preccdin" year there were taken 264 480 acres: and ut to this date the aggregate amount thus appropriated since the .,ass:.oe ot the law eannot he 1,-ss than a passage 01 Hie law cannot t loss man a uiillion acres, supplying 12,500 homesteads or farms ot eighty acres each, as an addition to the producing power of the Souih. This w is done by dedicating ihe public lauds in these States to actual set tletnent only, and thus rescuing them from the threatened power of the specula tor, ihe wtioie number or acres taken during the last fiscil year under the souther and general homestead laws was 2,828,- , 923 acres; and the aggregate quantity ta-: ken from the pa-sage of the original act ot 1862 to June 30 of last year was 9-1 500.000 acres, which bv this date must ! ,ave sweded to 10.000,000, being sufiicient for 125.000 homesteads of eighty acres each. The settlement under these laws are steadily increasing, and all that is wanting to the full sweep of their be iu Scent operation is the prohibition by .. il,o .,t1o,e ot our agrituiimal lands for speculative purposes, and the ab.-olute pledge of them, in reis0ilbitf homesteads, to productive wealth. .1 . This, sir, is the great demand of the hour. Ti-.. 1 inflict. 1 ed upon our country bv a false policy ad ' mil of no remedy; but'Congress holds the : kev to the future, in the power to forbid i 1 ..v. - .uv. . ...-.. .. v , ...u.-. power an further obstructions to the settlement1 and improvement of the public domain, hi i c i.;o .v.. ti, l.,0gtead law would grow to its full stature, and have free course in accomplishing the 1 1- i- i.:u :. ; 1 x iiii n 111 . 111 1- m 111111 . 1 1 iiiir.iii.il it was intended. ; polits having no ! eneou'ra.'emetrt of 1 Intake rhemelves Speculators and mono lonirer the sanction or .U.. a . l l V . I. . . I. . . l t0 more worthy pursuits. Our foreign im- ... : .: i : : ." .i lands. Uailwav extension, the increase of --ui'ivj V PVI Ull lll IVllJ-J -CH VJ U I OlV I 11 j . !: i ...... . . . pi oduetive wealth, the growth of o-.ir exports and imports, and the development of our mines would all be quickened by this practical recognition of democratic equal- j ity and national repudiation of the prio- ! ciole of feudalism in thesa States. ! Mr. Chairman, I proceed to notice an- 1

HROOKVILLE, IND., FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1869.

other serious obstruction to productive wealth and financial prosperity which Conpress should at once remove. 1 allude to our present system of land grants in aid of r nlroads. The evils of this system have becorue perfectly appalling, and nn , . r 'T real mend ot toe country can contemplate Congress first Tuii'i-iriuii.-i'AtN.-itnAiTrom6mtiATn.Ait.. . ..' j .u i .. vicious, it has for years past been co:.stant - ly growing worse through the addition to , it of new features, and the steadily in : ; . i ; creasing size 01 ine grania. ongress nas granted to the different lines of the Pacific railroads alone the estimated aagre- , . . . .: gate 01 one nuuorea ana twenty-tour mil - lion acre. 11 we acta to tins tne grants made to the several States in aid of rail . I r " I roaus ana otner worns ot lnternsi improve- . . -. r " ' ... :. -:n i1 . (V. 1 . . 1 uieni 11 win iuui up 001 ini i.,iu iwu nun - Hrpd milliiin aorea Thi iniiino di. main has passed into tha hancs of corpormonocolv. Thev ma v sell it to actual settiers in moderate homsteads, or they may . . - ifli 11 in sii.nln iiniminiilisl 1 hpv in v v. t ""j sail it for a reasonable price, or fix upon it just such a price as they please. They may sell it to-morrow, or hold it forty vers for a rise in trice throuirh the enhanced value to be added to it by adia - cent settlements. Regions which the Com missioner of the General Land Office fitly describes as of "empire extent," and in eluding vast bodies of the richest lands in the nation, ate placed entirely beyond the power of our pioneer settlers. To the homestead claimant and pre emptor : they are unknown, or known only to their sorrow and disappointment. The landless aud laboring poor of the Republic, who do their full share in Ighting its batnws 111 nui, 111 usi o uit;dijiru htui kc just such a tariff as it may see fit to exact lor the privilege of cultivating the earth aud adding to the national wealth I Ka X ...IKa.i I',mft ir.ir .1 ! .

The Northern Pacific railway alone will give an aggregate of fifty thousand ; the duty of that office to issue a patent to has a grant forty miles wide, extend-! hon a-teads of one hundred and sixty l'e claimant. Iu case of any conflict being from the head of Lake Super- .acres each; and allowing every head of a tween diffeient claimants it must be de

the total "rants made to all our various ; roads and for other works of internal imMr. will any ccntieman on this lioor ueteuu im nauonai navoi, ti.u spoiuuoiii 1 .i ii . i i : . :. j lieu the nation IS groaning under ail is groaning under an immense debt can we afluird to slam the door in the faces of foreign immigrants and our own people who ire seeking homes on our vacant lauds, and anxious to coiu their labor into national wealth? Mr Chairman, these are very practical ""d question, and every passing day gives to them and added interest, ivaitway extension nas oecoun. a passion wnu our men of capital ai d enterprise, and the demand for land grants meets us now in every quarter, at every turn, and is pressed with unparalleled zeal. There are now .... . . ii: p""rv v"a vwugn-i-a i n..-.. unj grants ot land tor railroads, wagon roasi ua cannis, and covering an aiea oi - m urn f n ti t wi h ti ri i) rorl in i 1 1 i 1 1 l J4 oF !l prp -" v..t. a.iv. v-v..... m')ro tnan twa hundred miuions of acres. ! 11,8 southern ctates, so long exciuueu ' 'rom "' 8hre in ,hese grants, arc doing tneir uiniosi 10 mate up ior iosi vuqe. mate up lor lost iinje. Scores ot new bills are sometimes presented ami referred in a single day, and judging from the signs of the times, the contagion which has seized Congress, and which threatens the countrv with general i 7. , - 1 j u,s:43ter' na3 om "iriy he 'emedj, Mr. Chairman, is at hand, and is pericctiy simple n d easy. iiet nid easy. Let Congress provide that all future gr ints of btids in aid of railroads shall be made on "' v.v. -

trie condition, expressed in tne act making shall be issued by the L'resident to purthe grants, that they shall be sold to ac- chasers of lands in such cases without first tual settlers only, in quantities not grctt- being authorized by law. 1 sincerely hope er than one quarter section, and for a ' the Senate will concur in this action, and price not exceeding a fixed maximum, thus restore the ancient policy of the

This will effectuallv destroy the monopoly which else would exist, and while furnish - ing immediate aid in building road will settle and improve the country along their "nes, and thus create a local business tor theif benefit. Such a land grant policy caa honestly be defended, because it liar "ionizes the interest of these enterprises h the settlement of the country, and it seenis unaccountable that this should not have been seen from the begin nit. g. A bill embodying this reform passed this House, at the last session, and I regret. exceedingly, that it sleeps sweetly in the compbtcetit embrace of ihe chairman of the Land Committee ot the Senate, and that by its side reposes another bill, passed bv this House about a year ago, opening to homestead settlement nearly five million acresoflaud iu the southern States; which tor years have been tied up in the . - . . . - , ! .1 hands ot rebel corporations, wnne me homeless poor of those States have longed ,(J occupy and improve them. Mr. Chairman, the reform of our policv respecting Indian reservations would rlm.,, ., f,ihr ..r.H serious obstacle to productive wealth. Within the past seven years this policy has been thoroughly rev.1 . : :...i f ... il, r.,r l-;il nknn olntionized. Up to the year ISbO. when any 1 ndian tribe saw fit to relinquish the ri 4t to its lands, the uniform practice of the Government was to provide by treaty iniiiiiiniiiii. . i . i i i .1 ,-uu. ' w - -. . . 1. . i . rr.Mn A a Kty trDita for the conveyance of their lands directly ... ,l. n..:..,i iUi. tl.aunr.-n. V III, lV L t J . . ... .i . I . . . tion in the authority given to Congress "to make ail needful rules and regulations respecting the territority or other property of the United States. Ihe Indians have simply a right of occupancy in their reservations, the title being in the United States: and the treaty-making power is Ist.tM- unA ilm trpntw-makins? power is not competent to change the land policy . -iii i:

prescribed by Congress, but is itself bound by that policy. The departure from this principle began in 1861, and has been persisted in ever siuce. One of the most notable examides of this new dispensation was the - , ,. late treaty witn tne cneroKee lnatans, ly which eiijht hundred thousand acres were unr tnr ti.ii rv na i in i wiin lit ti Kinr ......i,.. . ,i ,. , acre, thus cotupietely withdrawing what ' would otherwise have been a part of the public domain from the control Congress. ri, T .. 1 : 1 . .: J . . .1 1 ....... uc muiaua uirsiieu luseu 10 iiievioeru. ment, but were not allowed to do so; and ! he settlers on the land course desired to , aujusi tneir claims wun me i nuea states .!... i- , it-.il. . msieau 01 ice monopolists wno oougni it. . It "us a disgraceful transaction, and can-

; nor eiauu. Aiiotner tretv, mane with - - j , . - ; 1 1, 1 . .1 1 : . . 1. 1 ... . t . .1 : vjicbi. iiiu uuuc ja;e iuuiau, autborized the distui.it ion nt over three mila lions of acres, in contravention of the and without excuse ! Similar treaties have been mat with 1 . ... .. . ine oac anil r irrs t fn I rn ilmKiit. - apoo, and sundry other tribes, by which vast bodies of lands which should have been conveyed directly to the United States have uassed into hands of railroad ! corporations, or individual tnonoi.olists: : the treaties 111 these cases providing for j the location and building of important lines of railroads in connection with these operation in real estate, as ii Congress had ; in fact abdicated its interest in this branch of legislation in favor of the Senate and ; the savages. By far the most remarkable of all the.-e transactions is the last Osage treaty, now pending in the Senate. It provides lor the sale of a body of land in Kansas fifty miles wide and two hundred hm.t muca 1001;, euiiiaiiiing, uwnsequently, twelve thousand five hundred sijuare mi.es, or eight millions of acres, which, divided by one hundred and sixty, ; Connecticut, and Delaware , And vet the whole of this domain is in deham-e of thiv :intho.-itv nf Conoross . . - over our 1 ndian reservations, the moment o this cm -miration at. nineteen cent per acre, on a credit of fifteen years, payable in equal annual installments, and in the bonds of the company; and without any reservation to the Stale of the sixteenth and thirty sixth sections for educational , purposes. To complete this picture it ; should he added, that this land is among i the very finest in the State, and is probaxy worth at least ten millions ot dollars. j This beautiful and celestial performance j the blessed progeny of a meretricious union I 0t-railroad rapacity with a thieving Indian ; commission annoii ited bv A n drew John - ii J soli J8 ow oeiore the oenate lor ratiua- , tion; and judging from the past, and consideling tin ' .... ... I, : I siueiing ine auspicious cover 01 daiKness ; under which the Senate acts in such cases, , lt W,H be ratihed. If bo, the consolation J wju ue ti,at the acr VdS-Ui.r no w:,riant in the Constitution will , the Constitution, will have no binding , force. Like the Cherokee and kindred treaties, it will be pronounced void, when - ever the question shall he fail ly submitted to the Federal courts. . Uut ,he . of the trca,;08 pll0alJ : be reversed at once, and thus avert further and interminable litigation and trouble iiorcatter. 1 his lious has already passed ; j, anc mt resolution denying their validity, . auu ui,i.-vlIIIi; uin aiiri no laieuis .4 .: .i... 1.., . . ... fiovpm mpnt n.l th li.rlitln! nnihoritv of ! Congicss. No man can defend our pist i action in thus joining hands with tuonopohts in squandering our great national pat rimony, and conspiring against ine productive industry of the nation. Our finances, of course, are deeply involved in this question. We have treaty stipulations with about, one hundred and fifty Indian tribes; and the aggregate of their lands, according to official statements furnished me by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, is one hundred and ninctv i one million seven hundred aud fifty-five thousand two hundred and four "acres; ; being iust about euual in extent to the lands granted in aid of railroads. The whole of ihis immense domain is threatened by the frightlul policy now in full blast, and must succumb to the baleful , power of railroad corporations and land . . ... . . robbers it Congress shall tamely permit it. j If we are ready for this wo may as well' abolish our General Land Office, with the corresponding committees ot Congress, at once, suncndei tng their Junctions to the Indian Bureau and its ailies: and thus en - ( tertaiu the world with the spectacle of j ' total depravity finally triumphatit in an j ' " I ndian rin'." sti-Hi'trlin' 1111 lnnipr' "Indian ring, struggling no longer ' against obstacles for ascendency, but in the perfect amplitude of its dominion and the lull blaze of its glory. Sir, let us in - 7 . r- . . - ' sist upon it that just so fast as our Indian hind shall hereafter he disencn in bp re. 1 of : that the rre ident and Senate have more X A ' i tK..t tha Vra .hlpnt i nrl Spii-atP Ii.ivp mr power to bui.d railroads and make land j grants than has the judiciary to enact ; laws. Mr. Chairman, in addition to the legis Iative reforms I have now mentioned, ! looking to the mcrease ot production and '.l. .. i.: : . ..r - c - - : the resulting improvement of our fininccs,

... 1 .1 I ..... 11 1 t. r. . ,. f

WHOLE NO. 375.

the nation needs a policy that would more effectually develop our wonderful mineral resource, and thue augment the quantity of our precious metals. Tbia is absolutely necessary to an early return to specie Pavments: and I have no faith in'.nr . - - -"j ununcial theory which Uoes not leok toid and silver as the true medium of es

it iM a nira n n n ui.nji.ri ...vmI .. 'ii.;&;.i' j. ..vt. ....

. v. - .l:u . ' settled by the civilized and commarcial world, and therefore I need not debate it. I I believe a return to payment in coin is a : 1 . : , iieccosuy , a nil an increase 10 luc pru uei of it aiust, of course, speed the time when it can be done safely. The increase in our i - ,. prouuctive wealth, at the lowest estimate, ; is one nunareu minion aoilirs annually, : while our product of jjold and eiler is ac (uaiiy on ine decline Trilft ti ii.l.ti,rinrtir.n j - ...... . v-... . . . 1 . . ... , , . j .u iuijm uieiaia 1 o oilier values ui u to OUT

eomuiercial wants, already startling, is thus j v' a national policy, I am supported by in f.ict increain. llow shall this dispro j the best informed men 1 have met from poitiou be reduced? 1 believe it may be i the Miininv States and Territories, whv done, to sou.e extent, by reconstructing ! seout the idea of apj lying be word "Vusour legislation on the sulject of our tiiin. I torn," which implies long usag, thes eral lands. I allude pariiculaily to the j lectin aad ever tor; ing regulations; and

... - - I'liim.v nrl i!l.i.,in,nlu,l mi ,.r I.J.. Vt:

,- j ..v... v.. .v, jiu, ynii imiujuic, iu (uiai-ouuecuon, I80U, which was hurried through Con- in referring l?o to the authority of Mr. -giess under the faise title of "Ao act ; Ji. V HiiymotiJ, editor of tbe American ' granting the right way lo ditch and canal ' Journal of Mining, who was educated owners over the nublic lands in the Stata'and .m... n.tn.l .i Vr.il,.r,. Cri..i.- u

of Caiiiomia. Ores-on. aud Nevada." Tl. act declares ihat the mineral lands of the United Mates shall be open to exploration ' and occupation "subject to the local custorn or uis of miuers." These ' local rules" are to govern he miner in the locatiou, extension, and boundary ot his claim, the manner of improving and developing ; it, and the. survey als, which is not to be executed according to the public surveys, wiih reference to base lines, aud under i the authority of the United States, but in ' unti uiai ci;a m 111 tne nii;utj, ane survey- ! or general is to make out a plat or dia 1 gram of the claim and transmit it to the General Laud Othea upon which it is made

I

of all right title, or interest iu the mineral liou nd atrifo; Thut ,uch ure it8 fruiu lands ot the natiou, covering a million!;,, ;,,.i., ;d -..u i i.;i..

1 " The act further gives to every claimant the right to follow his vein or Iodf, '"with law. so r.idical'v rpvnlnlionarv of thi wpII. seitled and well understood policy of the , nation, rests upon the "local custom or rules of miners." Sir, what are these local rules a rid customs? I will allow the .' State of Nevada to answer. An official : document being a senate report to the Legislature of that State on the subject of I these local rules, informs us that as 'to ; uniformity there is nothing approaching it. There never was confusion worse con- ! founded. More than two hundred petty . districts within the limits of a single ; State, each with its self approved code: , ,4 - these cooes uirrenog not alone each Irom the other, but presenting numberless iu-

stances ot contradiction in tliiaselves; ! tion has been such a any reflecting man the law of one point is not the law of an- j would have anticipated. During the year other five miles distant, and a little fur- j 18bG our product of gold and silver thcr on will be a cede which is the lew of! amounted to scvcnty-six millions of dolneither of the former, and so on trJT. During the past vcar it was only

infinitum, with the further disturbing fact superadded that the written laws them- ; selves may be overrun by some peculiar custom which can befound nowhere recorded, and the proof of which will vary with the volume of interested affidavits winch may be brought on eitner side to cstablish it. Again, in one district tbc work required to be done to hold a claim is nominal, in another exorbitant, in an - other abolished, in another adjourned from year to year. A stranger seeking to aseertain the law is surprised to learn thaf there is no satisfactory public record to 11 1 - 1 which he can refer; no public officer to ! whom he may apply who is under any

bond or obligation to furnish him infor , iiouoles by removing the several obstruc iiialion or guaranty its authenticity. Of- tions 10 national progress which I hay ten in the new districts he finds there is mctitioueiJ. We can abolish the curse of not even the semblance of a code, but a lw. J speculation, aud devoie the remainsimple resolution adopting the co le of 'der ot our public domain to actual settlesome other district, which may be a huu- j ment and productive wealth. A bill prudred miles distant." J viding for this is 110W pending. Wre can The report proceeds to show that these reform our policy of railroad land grants.

1 regulations, such as they are, have no permane ncy. A miners' meeting," the committee sav.'adopts a code; it stands ' nr.r.arentlv as the law. Some lime after, ; on a few days' notice, a corf oral's guard ' assembles, and on simple motion radically .changes the who system bv which claims may bo held in a district. nelore a mau ! mv traverse the State, the laws of a dis- ! trict, which by examination and study he i may have mastered, may be swept away ' and no lontrer stand as the laws which I . . govern the interest he may have acquned. and the change has been one which by no reasonable diligence could he be expected , to have acknowledge ot." j 1 his comes t rotn a great mining Sr-ite, 'containing orobablv the richest ilenosiia , of gold and silver in the known world. Sir. do we really wish to found a .ysIpm nf Isn.) nn thp - liicul ru!i " f 1. i.-t. , tern ot laws on these "local rules, cn ict - ; ed bv a "corporals guard"' of miners, v?ho 1 are "here to-day aud gone to-morrow? j What we want is not to recognize this . - . .... .wv-. . - - - - j system of instability and uncertainly, but ! t.i ivpr i r aw.i v und nhr in a vsiii main. I J I I ivir o.rLtra r .1 rnr.t ai-q .raa In Ko j found in the very midst of our richest j miuiug regions, charged with the execu--'-"S.,l'v- - eaav www - ami-t i' wi ! tion ot our land laws witnin tneir respeu five districts, and in the very vicinity of j j the matter in dispute; authorized to call parties before them, hear their statements, .. i. .. .1 .!... : .i i. .i . take testimony, and determine rho whole

flea eeeawa, (W lle-ei.) ea, iai.nloa $1 t

jee .are, .-weiMertte.... ....... l it Kittftr. tare liHirltMt.. t m All ilbivtraHnMrtloiK, wmnn W TIAXLT. 0n eolama, AioimM quarterly 7 ) Threa-oaartare -nf oolaaa tft ei J One-half if eftlamii...,,....................... 15 e -- j Ona-qaartar f a cai-ama...,............, S a j uaa-eigatfi or rolimi U Traatiaat evertitamanta taaal ia all eaaat be pftia for la imn. Ciltttty.HktiUfttn, t aa-,a Waded In, adTrtittant will a paVIUktd aatil -r-dared oat and rhrd e-seraiBf ly. mattr?. yn cet n the r-eaeuusble ti&ht of enl. r vinC t. i .v.. n ', Land OCIeu of I the federal eoerts Tlii aiathinei y old as the Govern mem, and perfectly familiar to tbc people U'l,. .t,..,!i... l. j -..v....-. . . if. ." . " "j r , i.u r n di i m mu local to conrt, it: to ?i-h't f appeal a if these !. . .. .! J K,c,tuu fact ta Cou;ui.vssionw0 d" th General j Land Office and the (JoTsrumcnt tarvev ' yrs are the mere elcrts and agents of th ' .. . . . cotllHiu IiUlea W hose "ioeal I a Us i unliable ns wuitt Sir (be law are as is nut liuiulv it.ai l'i t hut u !.-,iUiiv ! r ' o ive bbor- , tion, worthy ouly of the crooacd and left tanced tactics by which it ! through Cobire wa tarried 1 1 .-..i..!. I .. ..4.1 V ? . V. .:.." uuaiu i aw 4 . l 1 1 ti. N9 vnueisinc . , . . . i ! " local Cttstotu of miners a 9 the basis 1 . 1 - j 1 ... L ..l 1.. .1. : mining en rineer. nd hi now in m.'m . abla niieial report nnr lnnuisi.itiir nf j Mining Statistics or o;ir mineral resources, ' prepared by direction of the Secretary ot 1 the Treasury, alter personal and careful j observation withiu the pust year, i 1 v,iH add furtlicr that the provision of ; tjjs w allowing tbc miner to follow bis ! ,eju ol, lnc ianj8 0f hi adjoining neiabjj0r onj undermine him is wholly at war i wjtn American ideas.' The old rriniu" tW6 (jem-any alior.ed this but the Prussian code ot li57 adopts the geode tieal principle of ihe ownership directly downward to ihe center of the earth. So do the milling laws of Fratioc, a9 those of Kngland huve done from tiic beginning, while the famous mining codes of Spain und .Mexico cannot be quoted as precefrong tenthia subhich the and which iu ura wi iu."iuiiv.,- i j wun aMivnu. tt imiu eodettcal system reasons to support it, oi reasons which ! render it, as n remedy, worse than any disease it would euro. It is wrong iu principle. It olYends ibe lir.-t teachings of mathematics aud the plainest dictates of common scuso. It was framed, I believe, iu the special interest of lawyers. Ihe law is vicioiik also in exacting iui- ! provemcnts by the claimant to the value , of one thousa ml dollars as a condition of titla. This was evidently piovided in the interest of capitalists, and could not have been r.rouir.lad bv the rank and iilt of our ' miners. Neither could thev ever have sanctioned th:t feature of the law which j requires the miner to pay the fees for surveyiug his claim, which ate often very heavy, and frequently debar poor men ; from the bent-lit of tha law, while iu the case of oihtr lands, where the fees are ' triflinir. The (Imct nn en: mn s tha sur--,s . .... ( vcy The practical working of this legisla-sii-five millions, beh... a fallin- off of 1 eleven millions of dollars, though the population and settlement of the mining regions has considerably increased within j the past two years. That this crude legislation i a partial explanation of this lit- . j decline in trie product ot the precious metals I have 110 doubt, and that its ' amendment iu the points I have specified j Would add to their future product is equally . j evident. j -vJr. Chairman, I now approach the ( couclusion of vthat I desired 10 saj. The j sum of it is that beyond the enforcement of a rigid economy, legislation can only . lead the codutry out ot its financial . SJ uatit build road. and at the same , "' popu.io a ua improve ,r.e country , allJuo l"clr llUs- ecau overhaul our i disfcii.eeul liiuiau tieaty system, and proV10c bJr Uw l,,at htrealier whenever the tilie ' vast reservations shall be c'tUHulsljt:a tly sal1 U under the eonttui of Congress, aud bo dedicated to selllciueut and Ullage. And filially, we CdU " iconstiuct our legislation respectlug our ii.nii t.i lamia as more fully to deveu p U11.11 va.-i Muanii, and thus compel 1 ........ ir . .: j:rr I ,M-'" ,l" "c,f uiaereuce : W'"uu ur l'alr tuimncy aud gold, J '"-"'' :r i-ro u,c tour through . mcu mc stiung uou 01 cur wean 11 u,usl I''"1 BJC -l "" auou- ' honor. JbeiC .it u.e v'to-u gates ; thiougli w Inch u ltepuotic u.uat pas, if j l wi.u ciu-n out n.v lusiuioua bui aleadi- ; ttuWH. potter of Arifclocracy and ; 'J t '" j -' ""'-j - i Jaiidloidisiu, and eecuie for itself an j houorab.e uame auong the natioua calling lexueHe3 Irec. 'lhrou:h the adoptioi , - . ut thtl practical reformt, specie payment Would be lualimcd, just aa soon as OVAI . . - . j Uivl dt bu-Atr UI fin til rii; ?' lTO.U M a r . equal laws, ihe Old Uoild inspire! aue by out plesd tX. uipl lu cUecking th rvmii uf tudtiui uu our soil, would reeiifjice our grand jiuiv ot producers by ', iier -surplus millions, and tuu-, as sever oeiore, -uu io our wcanuanu pow.r. ! . i... I k .1 V'.. lil " -:. v . I.n.-.tr ln.

i