Indiana American, Volume 8, Number 9, Brookville, Franklin County, 26 February 1869 — Page 1

PUBLISHED KVSar FRIDAY BT

0. H. BINGHAM, Proprietor. Office in the National Bank Building, (jhird story.') TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: $2,50 PER YEAR.m abvarce. $3,00 " " IF SOT PAID IN ADVANCE. No postage on papers delivered within this County. The System of Public Land Surveys. From the low Stat Register. Manv uersons. especially in the West, are interested in possessing knowledge of the manner in which the public land survpvb are made. To meet the wants of land owners and others desiring information on this subject, the following article has been prepared from the best authorities. Soon after the organization of our gov ernment. Virginia and other States, ceded to the United States extensive tracts of wild land, which together with other laDds subsequently acquired by purchase and treaty, constituted what is called the public lands or public domain. Up to the jear 1S02, these land were sold without reference to any general or uniform plan. JEach person who desired to purchase any portion of the public domain selected a tract in such shape as suited his fancy, designating his boundaries by prominent objects, such as trees, rocks, streams, the banks of rivers and creeks, cliffs, ravines, &c. But, owing to the frequent indefiniteDess, of description, titles often conflicted with each other, and in many cases several grants covered the same premises. To obviate these difficulties, in 1802, Col. Jared Mansfield, then Surveyor General of the Northwestern Territory, devised and adopted the present method of surveying the public lands. The system was established by law, and is uniform in its application to all the public lands belonging to the United States. Jy (Lis method, all the lines are run by the cardinal points of the ccm pass, the north ai d south lines coinciding with the true meridian, and the east and west lines in (effecting them at right angles, giving to die tracts thus surveyed, the rectangular form. In the first place, certain lines are established running east and west, called Base Lints. Then from noted points, such as the mouths of principal rivers, lines are run due north and south, which are called Principal Meridians. The Base Joints to gether, are called Standard Lints, as they J form the basis of all the surveys made therein. In order to distinguish from each other j the system or series ot surveys thus formed, the several Principal Meridians are designated bv progressive numbers. T he Meridian running north from the iiKMith of the Grent Miami river is called J the first 1'rincipal Meridian; that running j north through the State nt' Indiana, the! Second Piincipsl Meridian; that running j north from the mouth of the Ohio river j through the State of Illinois, the Third ; Principal Meridian; that running north j from the mouth of the Illinois river, j mroigu me states 01 Illinois ana v isrot.Mn, the fourth Principal Meridian; nd that running north from the mouth of the Arkansas river, through the States d Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, Iowa and W ifCuusiH, the Fifth Principal Meridian. Having established the Standard Lines, as above described, the couuiry was then divided ioto equal squares as nearly as practicable, by a system of parallel meridians six miles distant from each other, crosM-d or intersected by lines east and wtbt, alo six miles from each other. Thus the country was divided into squares, the Maes ot winch are six miles, and each Fijusre containing 3t square miles. These j Mjuares are called 7'uicnships. The lines' ot the townships running north and south are called Range Lines; and the rows or ! titr of towi.ships running uoith and! s uth arc called Jiang,- Tiers of town- j slips cast and west are called 1 oicnshij.s; i and the lines dividing these tiers are tail- i ed Tounthip Lints. Townships are num- ; bered from the Base Line and the Princi- ! pal Meridians. Thus the township in which Furfield, Iowa, is located, is de- I scribed as township No. 72 north, in range ! No. ID west of the Fifth Principal Mcri- t dian. The situation of this township is J therefore 42U miles (making no allowance I lor fractional townships) north of the Base Lute, as there are 71 townships interve. ' mug between it and the Base Line; and being in range No. 10, it is 54 miles west of the Fifth Principal Meridian, as there are 9 ranges of townships intervening between it and the said Principal Meridian. The township adjoining on the north of 72 in range 10, is 73 in range 10; but the township adjoining on the west of 72 in range 10, is numbered 72 of range 11, and iue one nortu ot TZ ot range 11 is 73 of' range 11, and so on. j The lines and corners of the toxenships Lemg established by competent surveyois, under the authority of the government, the next work is to sub divide the townships into Sections of one square mile each, making 3G sections in each township, and each lull section containing G40 acres. The Sections are numbered alternately vest and east, beginning at the northeast corner of the township. As stated above, Fairfield is situated in townehip 72 north of range 10 west, but e wish to designate the Section and the part of the Section in order to determine s location more definitely. We therefore Eay, it is located in the South ictst quarter of Section No. 25, in township No. 72 north in range No. JO west of the Fifth lnncipal Meridian. The lands are sold or disposed of by the government, in tracts of 640 acres, 320 ores, IGO acres, SO acres, and 40 acres; or 1J the Section, half of quarter Section. The corners of the saction, and the corners at N., K., S. and W. have all been established and marked by the Government surveyor in making his sub-division of the township, or in sectioniiing, aa it is termed. He does not establish or mark ny of the interior lines or corners. This ork is lfcft for the County Surveyor or other competent person. Suppose the last diagram to represent section 26, in townLP J2, Dorth of ran8e 10 wsti ten te Bub.divisions Bhown may be described as the northwest quarter of section 25; the southwest quarter of section 25; the southeast quarter of sectioD 25, all in township

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"THE UNION, THE CONSTITUTION, AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS." VOL. 8, NO. 9. BROOKVILLE, IND., FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1869. WHOLE NO. 374.

72 north of range 10 west of the 5th Principal Meridian. But these descriptions do not include any portion of the section. That we wish to describe in smaller subdivisions. So we Bay, the east half of the northeast quarter of section 25; the north' west quarter 0 the northeast quarter of section 25 and the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter, of section 25, all in township 72 north of range 10 west of the 5th Principal Meridian The last three descriptions embrace all the northeast quarter of the section, but described in three distinct tracts, one containing 80 acres, and two containing 40 acres each. The Base Lines and Principal Meridians have been established by astronomical observations; but the lines of subdivisions are sun with the compass. The line indicated by the magnetic needle, when allowed to move freely about the point of support, and settle to a state of rest, is called the magnetic variation. This, in general, is not the true meridian, or north and south line. The angle which the magnetic meridian makes with the true meridian, at any place on the surface of the earth, is called the variation of the needle at that place, and is east or west, according as the north end of the needle lies on the-east or west side of the true meridian. The variation of the needle is different at different places, but in Iowa the magnetic needle points about degrees east of the true meridian. The lines of the lands are made to conform as nearly as practicable to the true meridian, but owing to the imperfection of instruments, topographical inequalities in the surface of the ground, and various other causes, it is absolutely impossible in practice to arrive at perfection; or, in other words, to make the townships and their sectional sub divisions, exactly square and their lines exactly north and south and east and west. A detailed statement of the manner of sub-dividing a township into sections would be too lenghty for this article. Suffice it to say, that the fractional tracts are al! thrown on the north and west sides of the townships. The last tiers, or rows, of quarter sections on the north and west sides of a township generally fall below or in excess of even quarter sections. Where there is a large district of country of uniform level surface, the errors of measurement are not likely .o be so great, and the fractions in that case may not vary much from even quartet sectious. All measurements are made in chains. A chain is a measure of four rods, each link being the hundredth part of a chain, and is so used in the field notes and calculations. For convenience in practice, however, the surveyor generally uses a half chain, equal to two rods, fifty links, but the surveyor's reckouing is kept, and all his calculations are made in full chains of four rods, and decimal parts thereof. In the measurement of lines, every five chains are called an "out," because at that distance, the last or the ten tally rods or pins, with which the forward chainman set out, has been set to mark the measurement. The other chainman then comes forward, counts nd delivers to him the ten tally rods which he has taken up in the last "out," the forward chainman likewise counting the pins as he receives them. At the end of every five chains, the forward chainman, as he sets the tenth or last tally rod; calls, "out," which is repeated by the other chainman, and by the marker and surveyor, each of whom keep a tally of the "outs," and marks the same as he calls them. Si teen "outs," or eighty chains, j make a mile. j The corners of townships, sections and ! quarter sections, are marked in the following manner: On the exterior township I lines, corner posts ore set at the distance of every mile and half mile from the township corner. The mile posts are for the corners of sections, and the half mile posts for the corners of quarter sections. They are required to be driven into the ground to the depth of from 15 to 20 inches, and to be made of the most durable wood to be had. The sides of the posts are squared off at the top, and the angles of the 6quare set to correspond with the cardinal points of the compass. All the mile posts on the township lines are marked with as many notches cut in one of the angles as they are miles distant from the township corner where the line commenced. But the toic risk ip corner posts are notches on each of the four angles. The mile posts on the section Hoes are notched on the south and east angles of the square, respectively, with as many notches as they are miles distant from the south and east boundaries of the township. If it so happens that a tree is situated to supply the place of a corner post, it is "blazed' on four sides facing the sections to which it is the corner, and notched in the same manner that the corner posts are. At all corners in the timber, two or more bearing trees in opposite directions are required to be noted, and the course and distance of each tree recorded. The trees are "blazed" on the side facing the post, and the letters B. T. Bearing Tree) cut in the wood below the blaze. At the quarter section corners, the post is flattened on opposite sides, and marked 'J8.," and the nearest suitable tree on each side of the section line, is marked to show the township, range and section in which such tree is situated. More recent regulations required four wit nesses, or bearing trees, at the township and section corners, and two at the quarter section corners, if within convenient distance. In the prairies, and other places where bearing trees could not be noted, quadrangular mounds of earth are raised around the posts, the angles of the mounds corresponding with the cardinal points of the compass. The mounds are required to be 2$ feet high and four feet square at the base. The earth to form the mound at the section corner, ia taken from one place to form the pit directly south of the mound; and at the quarter section corner, it is taken directly east of the mound. The posta are squared and notched as heretofore described. More recent regulations required

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stones or charcoal to be buried in the mound. In the timber the lines are the following manner: All marked in those trees wntcn ine line cuts, nave two notcnes on each side of the tree where the line cuts it. These are called "station trees" and some t 1 . 11? . t - . times "line trees," or "sight trees." -All trees within ten or fifteen links on each side of the' line are marked with two spots or "blazes," diagonally, or quartering toward the line. The names and estimated diameters of all the "station trees," with their distances on the lines, are noted. The field notes of the original surveys furnish primarily the material from which the plats and calculations of the public lands are made, and the source from whence the description and evidence of the location and boundaries of those surveyors of the public lands were therefore required to keep an accurate record of the topography of the country, with description ot everything which might afford useful information. The crossing of streams lakes, ponds, sloughs, &c, with their location on the lines, were all required to be carefully noted. A. R. F. Reduction of Taxes. We yesterday tried to show that our State tax of forty cents on the hundred dollars might be safely reduced to twenty cents, or even less, chiefly by dispensing, for the present, while times are hard, money scarce and high, and our creditors quite as willing to hold their bonds as to surrender them for currency worth seventy five cents on the dollar, with the twenty cents tax levied to pay the principal of the State debt. It seems to us that so long as no obligation of good faith requites us to redeem our bonds, we are pursuing a poliey of unnecessary oppression of taxpayers to compel them to pay SI,000,000 a year, worth ten per cent, to stop interest at five per cent. We are throwing away the difference between our interest and the value of our money to tax-payers. But there are other processes of reduction which seem to us equally effective and free from mischievoas effects. The State levy for school purposes is sixteen cents on the hundred dollars. We do not know, but we suggest inquiry, whether this tax may not be reduced. The general tendency of prices is downwards. This year a new appraisement is to be made, which, if properly made, will largely inerease the amount upon which taxes are assessed, and proportionally increase the revenue. Five years in a thrifty growing State cannot but add vastly to its aggregate wealth. At least as much as that increase will probably be the school levy may be reduced without leaving the schools less efficient than they are now. The school fund, too, becomes yearly more productive; and under the law of 1867 authorizing local taxes by cities and townships, the deficiency of the State revenue can be, and where the schools are so managed as to command respect, it will be, made good. In this city a school tax of ten cents for tuition is levied, making with the State levy twenty-six cents for educational purposes. No money paid by the people is so profitably applied, and none so cheerfully paid. The schools should not be crippled a moment. But iu consideration of the facts we have suggested, may not a reduction of the State levy of sixteen cents be made without crippling the schools? Inquiry in this direction, whether it shall ascertain the feasibility of diminishing the tax or Dot, will not be without benefit, as it will show the people the necessity of maintaining the present rate, and remove all cause of complaint created by it. The city and township tax for the erection of school houses is levied at the will of the local authorities, and is in some places oppressively high. A limit, it seems to us, should be set by the Legislature. Building contracts can be easily, and frequently, turned into party "jobs," for the benefit of anybody but the school children. A little precaution against the misuse of building funds can be adopted in the shape of a limitation of the amount that shall be subject to abuse. The county tax, however, is the source of the greatest oppression borne by the tax-payers. There is no limit to it, and no uniformity about it. In some counties the tax is only twenty cents on the hundred dollars. In others it is a dollar, or one per ceut. and sometimes more. And it is especially worthy of notice that the taxes of Democratic counties largely exceed, in the average, those of Republican counties. In only nine Democratic counties was the aggregate of local taxation, that is for county and township purposes, in 1S67, less than one dollar on the hundred, while in only fifteen Republican counties did it exceed one dollar. The average local taxation in Democratic counties throughout the State was one dollar and forty cents on the hundred dollars. The average in Republican counties was ninety-five cents. This fact stopped the mouths of the blatant blatherskites, who, during the late contest, were denouncing the oppressive taxation created by the Republicans. When they looked at home, at their own work, where they had everything in their own hands, they saw their people paying nearly fifty cents on the hundred dollars more tax than their Republican neighbors in adjoining counties paid. These high taxes are the least productive and the most oppressive of all the burthens of the peopie. The proceeds are squandered very often by "rings" of Court-House favorites and county officers. Profitable 'jobs' are made of them, and partisans pocket in a large degree what the people have "sweat blood" to pay. We do not apply this censure to our County Board, for they are honest men, and. manage our affairs honestly, but it is too painfully true of many counties, and it is time that bounds were set to the evil. The county tax should be limited to twenty cents on the hundred dollars, or thereabouts, for or dinary county expenses, with a necessary provision, ot course, lor a levy to meet .. a . debts incurred, say before the first day of

January, 1869. Loans and aids to railroads, and other enterprises, will have to

be met bv a special lew. but its nrnceed ! should be strict! v applied to the nhient.. 1 -J rr J 1 and not allowed to be diverted on any pretext. .Limiting the amount for ordinary purposes, and requiring special levies for debts already incurred, will greatly relieve the people of many counties, and give them what they do not always have now, a little insight into the way their money is used. Let us now review the results of these suggestions and see what the aggregate of relief will be in this county, and the effect would be similar and even greater in several others: BedaKow. State tax 40o State school tax 16a ced to 20c 10c Local school house tax. 2no J0c i Local school tuition ioc t"C Local county 45o Local township 01 20c 01c 137 71 A reduction of sixty-six cents on the hundred dollars can be made in the modes suggested without, as it seems to us, in any material degree affecting public interests. We do not insist that our figures may be properly and advantageously changed. We ouly suggest modes and directions, and give figures as illustrations rather than as positive assertions of what should be done. It seems very clear that taxes should be reduced, and the State and County taxes can be reduced in the (ll.AAtlAM n ! I . , t A . w m n n m n... unttuuu anuucu iu. xuc hujcd ucmauu economy, and the Legislature, as well as County Boards, should look to the means of saving money as well as to the purposes upon which money may be wisely spent. Journal. The Bee Question. To the Editor of the Indianapolis Jeurnal: Hamilton, Ind., February 8, 1869. Seeing an article in your paper, copied from some other journal, entitled "Cholera Honey," I take the liberty of writing to you upon the subject. All my bees, and those belonging to several neighbors, died during the early part ot last fall. There was considerable honey in the boxes, an! some were full of honey. Now, we have taken the honey therefrom and have been eating this "cholera honey" during the wiater, and are still enjoying the same occasionally, and have eaten pretty lavishly of it, notwithstanding all the "cholera" contained iu it. Well, we ar alive yet, aui just about as hearty as usual. Now, as to the cause: one of our neighbors says that bees, iu robbing, sting each other to death; whilst another says the cause of death is owing to frost bitten buckwheat, of which there was a goodly quantity last year; whereas, one neighbor, who planted no buckwheat, bas all his1 living yet excepting one stand that died in Uecemuer. lie Has remaining sixty j sta" T, . ' December, lie has now, j. leave 11 to you, .ur. Jaicor .1 , the bees might not possibly be killed without infecting the honey. I have killed them with fumes of sulphur, which permeated all through the hive, and eaten tne noney, several times, ana dow maHy bee raisers nave done tne same tnmg 1 ao ( uoi snow. But, 1 am persuaded, the bee is a more delicate insect than it is supposed to be, and may be killed or destroyed by what will be comparatively innocuous to us. James Al. Towssend. From Count Bismarck to General Grant. Some time since General Grant sent a copy of Badeau's Military History to Count Bismarck. The latter writes in reply as follows, from Berlin: "Dear Sir. Baron Gerolt has trans mitted to me the copy which you have been kind enough to inscribe to me. of j , me u is lory 01 your lu unary career. l hasten to return you my hearty thanks fit y A TA11 T7 Vl 1 "i 1 1 Va f I J r t t Vl A (1 H Irt Old n j .,. . . .1 . ! nt vi ci n ff in snnnmpt charto that critrsn. t tic struggle, the varying phases of which I did follow at the time with intense in " ! terest. It will he a permanent source ot gratiucation and pride to think I am ow 1 am ow-! ing the volume now open before me to the very man who took Vicksburg and iiiehmond. May peace, restored by you, afford equal scope to your powers with equal benefit to your country, and may the present interchange of friendly sentiments between us prove a good augury for tbe continuance of those relations so happily established between America and Germany. Believe, me, dear sir, ever yours very sincerely, Signed "Bismarck." Perfectly Satisfactory. A good man was lately attempting the conversion of a convict, in one of our prisons, who was showing bo me signs which were considered hopeful. After a suitable opening the instructor, wishing to make his teaching appropriate, said. 'What brought you here, my friend?' 'Two sheriffs,' was the reply. 'Ahem! yes but I mean had intemperance anything to do with it?" 'Yes,' said the convict meekly 'they were both .drunk.' The examiner passed on to the next subject. Obstinacy. Obstinacy is a pertinacious and stubborn perseverance in any opinion, or course of action we have once adopted, however absurd and destructive in its consequences. This unhappy error often arises from a strong desire of appearing consistent, and a shame of acknowledging wrong. It is one of those vices which misleads us with a semblance of virtue; its common foundation is pride. Brigham Young's son Joe, 6mokea good cigars, drinks good liquor, gets drunk, J . O , o A - u " I a . ...... I . I j plays poser, ucks dis wives, ana prescues: the gospel.

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Incredible Discovery. From the Rock Island Argus. We have the pleasure this evening of laying before our readers the result of one cf the most thrilling and profoundly interesting subteraneous exploring expeditions ever attempted on this continent. It is nothing less than as underground passage-way under Rock Istand, the present Eite of the United States Arsenal, and the discovery of antiquarian relics of the rarest and most interesting character. The main passage is some six feet in width and about nine in height,, and is evidently a natural cavern, though in several places there are evidences of its having been widened, as chisel marks can be distinctly discovered on the walls, besides numerous small recesses at intervals of 1 fifty feet, which bear traces of having ; hpon hflic n 1.11 1 rF f Vi o massive solid rock. The second corridor leading from the j

main one is very extensive, containing six this custom prevail in the country, where ponderous pillars enwreathed with gorge- perhaps currency is not al ways plenty, ous decorations. Beyond this is a short- but it is very much the fashion in our er chamber in which is the entrance to the ; large towns. Quite a large number have sanctum sanctorum, and which contains been given to various clergymen in Kanone of the grandest collections ol anti j gas this winter and at the rik of offend-

quarian curiosities ever discovered on this continent. It contains a huge pedestal iu tue oeuier 01 aouu copper, upou wiucu is erected a magnificient shrine, which, with its unique inscription, denotes the antiquity of its devotees. Surrounding it are the colossal figures of the twelve worshippers in kneeling posture, and quite I . . 7 1 I I cuuii"uous lo lueiu is ice sy uimeiricai though diminitive figure of an J IJUlan maiden with a countenance of curriassins-! - beauty, and strongly marked features, in- j dicative of deep thought and wondering j surprise, pointing with one hand to the : expressive word engraven upon the wall "Shoel" and indicating thereby that the end of their destiny and race is at hand. Above them all, on its projecting and crescent-shaped roof, are arranged in systematic precision, cross-bows, arrows, and other weapons in warlike profusion, reminding one of the ancient sons of Persia and Greece. The atmosphere in this apartment is almost unfit to sustain animal life, being damp, heavy and very impure. The torches of the exploring party were several times extinguished, and the persous having the expedition in charge barely escaped suffocation. Immediately adjoining the room containing these wondess is an obelisk of solid brass, some seven feet in height, beautifully sculptured on four sides. There are, in all twenty-one bas reliefs and above, below, and between them is carved an inscription seventy six lines in length. The whole is in the best state of preservation scarcely a character of the inscription is ... .i . i. c nA ,.!... ,j Ant,A aa ;r ,a k, a f.Jj,.. 0ne of represented is a circle of the ancient aborigines sitting in council, with the all Dotent t ire of Deace perf0l.mins its wonted circuit, while the fortunes of war and peace are being dis cugsed presence of the white-wimred presiding genius. Another scene represented is a royal chieftain followed by his attendants a prisoner is at his feet, while men are being introduced leading various arjjmas an(j carrying ponderous crossa t rr ! dows, javelins, ana otner weapons, me I animals represented are the elephant, po bows, javelins lar bear, lion, stag, and various kinds of moukeys. The ornaments, delicately graven on the robes of the party, the tassels and fringes, the bracelets and armlets, the elaborate curls of the hair and beard are all entire. One of the chiefs stands very erect, and carries in his arms an animal resembling a chamois upon his right arm, and in bis left hand a branch bearing fine flowers. Around his temples are a fillet adorned in front with a rosette. One of the other characters, in a tragical attitude, holds a square vessel, resembling a basket, in his left band, and a drawn ger in his right, while on his head is worn a rounded cap. at the base of which is a horn. The garments of both consists ot a robe falling Iroui the shoulders to the ankle, and a short tunic underneath de scending to the knee, and are richly and .... ii j ..j :.u v.:.j: 3 r J . ., . . - , , , , , rn truy irni er. i no n u i r m n i nt a rn dtp nr. .., . , . , ,- . . ran eu witn study anu taste, inc nines are delineated with peculiar accuracy, and the bones and muscles faithfully, though somewhat strongly marked. After proceeding farther, the party reached a large room with a high arched roof, in which were the entrances to many other chambers. This contained the crowning gem of the wonders nothing less than a huge sarcophaugus of copper nine feet, long and three feet in width, minutely sculptured within and without, with several hundred figures representi ng an immense funeral procession and ceremonies relating to the deceased chieftain, with t-nblems and other devices. Tbe lid was partially removed, and revealed a quantity of bones and javelins. In one of the secluded corners of this apartment, and a few feet below tbe level of the floor, is the arched entrance to an unexplored chamber approached by a narrow passage-way down through a hideous stone stairway. The party, after repeated efforts to affect an entrance, were obliged to abandon it. In plainly defined Indian characters, it bears tbe significant inscription, "All hope abandon, ye who enter in," an admonition which, while it tended only to excite and increase the curiosity of the explorers, was wisely heeded. The knowledge of this ancient and interesting race does not seem, by any means to have been confined to statuary and sculpture. Their weapons, and the jewel ornaments with which their persons were adorned, though principally of copper,' are, in some instances finished with gold and silver, and carved in the most exquisite manner conceivable, indicating mechanical genius and scientific attainments of the highest order. The luxury and refinement of enlightened civilization I . .... . - ., I I M h. a 9 A W 1 f e are cieanj ucuumwu u 'images ana usiue, muw i"

wretchedness ignorance and superstition of a sem.barbaroua race, as eminent authors of the present age have urmued our county, previous to its discovery by Columbus, to have been inhabited by. Donation Parties. There are several ways of paying a clergyman his salary, to one of which we wish to make decided objection: We allude to that method commonly called 'donation partiea." Asa relie of a custom which prevailed in the early settlement of the eountry. j when money was scarce, and pious people came forward and contributed of their substance in order to enjoy the blessings of religion, the donation party may prove l n tarneti nn n t h a enfiniKirii r rint tKf f I, 1. .- . . . snouia exist in tnis nmeteentn century. ; is a pact tnat don't reflect any great credit

g iroui inejupon Christian people. Not only does

j jng the participants, we assert that in principle and practice they are altogether Tbey place a minister in a false position; they make him an object of charity, and no matter how freely contributions j bounty of his parishioners. His house is . - thrown onen from parret to cellar bv the. I i j j intnipra itKa with fturiAiu orpc env cw the nakedness of the land, actuated in many instances, we are afraid, by other motives than those of sincere desire to supply the needed articles. The aealous flock bring with them myriads of articles which may strike their fancy, oftentimes without any regards to the wants of their worthy pastor, who, with his wife, is compelled to use his suavest manner, and blandest smile and oftentimes empty his SCanty larder to entertain his guests, who, in many instances that we can recall, have had ample revenge on the viands for their questionable liberality. Not only is a clergyman humiliated by being subjected to the treatment of a pauper by these benevolent swindleis, but if he be a tender-hearted man he is prevented from doing his duty as a Christian minister. It would be a bold spirit who would rise up in the pulpit on Sunday and rebuke the sin of the man who sent him a barrel of flour on Saturday, or who would in private admonish those of his flock who had just filled his cellar with coal. Charities of this kind are actually nothing l-ss than a kind of pious "hush money' paid the minister. "I fill your pantry, and you close your eyes to my misdeeds." That is the effect of it. It compels the shepherd to admit, against the evidence of his own senses that there are none but white sheep in his flock. It affects him with a species of moral colorblindness, and renders a fearless discharge of his duties almost impossible. If laymen would exert themselves to pay their ministers decent salaries, there would be no occasion for these displays of questionable benevolence. In fact, they are a tacic admission on the part of the congregation that the compensation is not large enough, while at the same time an occasional donation party is made an excuse for perpetual stinginess. It would be much better, and fairer, to give a clergyman a righteous and just compensation, and permit him to expend it as he pleases, instead of making him dependent on the spasmodic generosity of his congregation, and forcing him who should be fearless and outspoken against private and public sins, to compromise with evil to obtain the necessaries of life. Ottawa Home Journal. The Mystery of Editing. The world at large do not understand the mysteries of a newspaper; and, as in a watch, the hands that are seen are but passive instruments of tbe springs, which are never seen, so, in a newspaper, the most worthy causes of its prosperity are often least observed or known. Who suspects the benefit which the paper derives from the enterpiise, the vigilance, and the watchful fidelity of the publishers? Who pauses to think how much tf the pleasure of reading is derived from the skill and care of tbe printer? We feel the blemishes of printing, if they exist, but seldom observe the excellencies. We eat a hearty dinner, but do not think of the farmer that raises the material thereof, or the cook that prepares them with infinite pains and skill. But a cook of vegetables, meat, pastry, and indefinite j bonbons, bas a paradisical office in com-1 parison with an editorl Before him pass j all the exchange newspapers. He is to! know all their contents, to mark for other eyes the matter that requires attention, 11 is scissors are to be alert, and clip with incessant industry all the little items that together form so lane an interest in the news department, each week every He passes in review State in the Union I through the newspaper lens. lie looks' i ort j tViA r,fAn n n A cioa ctrinoa lsinfte ' and, following the sun, he searches all around the world for material. It will require but one second for tbe reader to take in what two hours' search produced. By him are read the manuscripts that swarm the office like flies in July. It is his frown that dooms them. It is his hand that condenses a whole page into a line. It is bis discreet sternness that restricts sentimental obituaries, that gives poets a twig on which to sit and sing their first lays. And the power behind the throne, in newspapers as in higher places, is some 1 " ' - J V 1 V- WV1I 1.V9 .Jm, . . ' . times important as the throne itself. Cor-, respondents, occasional or regular, stand in awe at the silent power which bas tne last glance at an article, and may send it I forth in glory or humility. And, in I short, as the body depends upon a good digestion so the health of a newspaper '

TERMS OFADVERTISING.

TBA3TSIE5T. Jr, (Id Ii.)oM iasrUe ...... $1 aeseare,twoas4rt)aa i 6t '"I'w. Kr imMtttoM. . 3 AUaskMqsMtiaMrtiABfpwtvM 9 - .. . TIAXtY., Oae oo!B, 0hMjrkl, e,aeTter!jr-I.VM Inree-oaarUrs of a toiaaa ...... ... M i Oa.-h.lf of 1IB. , , w Oa-,urUr of oelttau , 29 OA One-eight of .Un,a 11 . Trassiest dTrtiaw saaaltt ia all eases b pia foria advavee. TJalw. a p.rOoaUr m U epeersel wk,B hand, a ia. adTrtimBU will ha rKr..-.j ; ,s thst d;gC8tioa whit.h goes CQ b means of the editor, , Ouhi thej ot to fee honored? And 4. , ,. j at least bava thair creature comforts muljtiplied. From that dark and dismal denj residence th?y are at length translated. 1 : iikiio lauin itoi us ldrdi. rnv innn n Beeeher. Calf Journalists. Some exceedingly veally journalists announces it as a fact of tremendous import that General Grant did not mention the Republican party in his reply to the formal notice of his election and that he talked of the interests of the country and of tbe publio service, instead of the interests of the Republican party; and thej think it necessary that the Republican party should be terribly sore on account of this. These simple persons suppose that the proper way for a President elected by the Republican party, upon being notified of his election, is to express his acknowledgements to that party, and to pledge himself to abide by its platform of political principles, and to serve its interests, and to put none bat Republicans in office. In short, to declare, ia, effect, that he was elected by a faction, and not by the country, and, therefore, he will administer the office in the service of a faction. Without these spots of perennial verdue the political landscape would lack a pleasing element of variety, but the Republican party regards itself as the country, and it desires no recognition of itself in any narrower capacity. Having preserved the Republio, and being responsible for its government, and there being no other party competent to preserve the Republic, or that aimed to, or that the people can tiust with its government, the Republican party represents the great body politic which we mean when wespeak of the country as the popular will, and so that party understands herself. It has not been the practice cf the Presidents to refer to their elections as by a party, nor to profess any allegiance to party. However bitter partisans they may have fjeen, they generally have had the 'outward propriety of manners to speak cf themselves as representing the whole country. The indecency of referring to party obligations, or to a party platform, as a governing rule of executive action, has been done in very few instances by the worst specimens of Democratic Presidents, but it was generally regarded as a breach of propriety. We do not suppose that any Federalist, Republican or Whig President ever referred in any official deliverance to his election as the work of a party, or to hia obligations to party, and but one or two Democratic Presidents have done it. A little knowledge of history or of current events, or a little intuitive good sense, i would have saved any onefrom imagining that it was General Grants duty, on being notified of his election, to declare that he would serve the party which elected him, or that the omission to make this declaration of party allegiance is a sign that he is going to Johnsonise. The Commercial, of this city, has for two days in succession agitated itself over this, which it imagines to be an omission of fearful significance to the Republican party, and over the distress and alarm which it thinks must have pervaded the Republican party in consequence. And gushingly" rushing to the conclusion, from this observance of good manners, that General Grant is going to cast off the Republican party, it goes on to argue the advantages of that course. We uotice that the journals who have taken this verdant vein are tbe same who embarked all their capital in Andy Johnson when he turned against the party that elected him. This kind forget every lesson of experience and learn nothing by reason. On the very heels of their signal failure with Johnson, they would like to have Grant Johnsonise, so that they might try the same speculation over again. But the Republican party claims to advocate tbe best interests of the country. What did it ever profess, or what course" did it ever take for the interests of the party, and not of the country? It has had the imperfections that belong to human affairs, and to a government which is in its nature but au embodiment of the average intelligence of the mass, and it may have been carried into measures which are more of a partisan than of a public character; but it bas never fallen to the point of admitting that the party policy was not governed by the interests of the whole country. It has always claimed to be governed solely by tbe publio interests, and it could hardly have a worse return from the man it had elected President than an expression that he would serve its interests as if they were different from the interests of the whole people, as these hiily cotemporanes think be ought to have j done in order to show that he is a Repubj lican. jG-stta. 1 ' ' " i If you would avoid sickness and not be the central object ot a luneral, keep the mouth resolutely closed when you go from the houiie out in the cold, so thst by compelling the air to pass circuitoualy through the nose and head, it tv.aj become warmed before it reaches the lung, and thus prevent those shocks and sudden chills. which frequently end in pleurisy, pneu monia, and other serious forms of diseases,. San Francisco can claim to have t hegreatest variety of religious warship o any city in the land. Not e-nly has it a. Chinese temple, but a Greek ehttreb began, its public services there on the last Thursday in August. There axe about one thousand members of this church in Cali-i. for n is, emigrants from Russia. Their number will doubtless be increased from Alaska, where tbe Greek religion prevails Cedar County. Iowa, has a taediealj praotitiosor,- the Tiptoo Advertiser says, who gives prescriptions for whisky at th tale of a dollar a pint! -