Indiana American, Volume 7, Number 14, Brookville, Franklin County, 3 April 1868 — Page 1

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I THE UK ION, THE CONSTITUTION, AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS

10 yoataje' on pspere delivered wlihlo this

treaty. ;,, IMPEACHMENT.. " Epuek cf Hen. John Coburn, of Indl- , ' ' ant, , ' i t i . . ' If TUB IIo.VIR or lUrHMCSlTATlVIt, - iUrtmrv 21A, 18C9, On tie Ksselelloes rtrl4 br tie Cam ml Use JtlrUoa ft la liaat ( tea lrilcal.-.... . Mr. Co burn. Mr. Speaker, I lave been pained to bear during the course of this debate the statement made xt aorau xjf the advocates of Impeachment that the recent, acta of the President In violation uf the Uw prescribing the tenure of civil offices and of the Constitution, In reUtioo !tu the removal of officer! during iho seaetort of Congress, aa trivial matters oca'psred with other acta of hie administration in violation of Uw. It ma J he k vjuiet end simple act to remove a Secret, 'ry of War, tpjurlog tbo perion or the Wo pert j of no one, and be consummated iy the writing of an official note dispatched In a minute, but it ie none the lern an open, Intentional, willful, and flagrant Vrsch cf Uw Parallel with thia are "taauy of the acta which have become memorable in history aid mark epochs in ihe life of nationa. The crossing of the 'Rubicon, an insignificant stream which ss'tbe boundary of l'roiar'a province, .a lite Crt act, bloodies and quiet, of a "war which broke down the oldest and irui'K"! Republic that ever exuded, and 4avcJ the way lor that imperial dominion which is the great prototype of despotism. 'I he refusal of John Hampden to pay a few shilling of ship tsontj demanded of l.iui aa a right began the cooteat wnioh del in the overthrow of the monarch of Kurland, coat him his head, and for a time pare to the despUod Puritans the control vf the foremost nation in Europe. TJie refusal of our forefathers to psy the tax ou. rtsnipcd paper and the dutiea on tea, light though they were, and not intended to harraaa or oppresit, but done rather in denial of the ripht of repreientatioo, kin lled the flamea of war which rayed aeveu j rr, and resulted in the Uating indepen Jeiice of our people. '- In thia aimple act "of defiance to law in jhe. removal of .Mr. Stanton, done without rms without waroiog, and without lle demand of public ueceHttity, in cool, Itnpcdeiit, intiolettt disregard of the plain word.i of the Uw, I ee a inorcment aa radical in ita intent and aa atarchiog in its vflrt aa any one could be, though Wied by the army and navy and driven through with all their power. What ia itlhtiu, that the l'reident haa done that hau drrrrved the instant and iudinaut re luke Vf the iteprctectalivea of the co1 U? . ,c Ou tlia '2i of March Unt, Conprcxa, hav ni hng had reaooii to doubt the psitiotio jiurpoACri of (be l'reident, paard a law )h rtUUoti'lo the tenure ot civil oniorn, roidiiig anion ix other tilings thai cabinet oSirera ahould hold their oQjrea during (be term of the IretJetit by whom they vari aj poiuted, and for one month theret"ir, itiileaa retuoved by anil with tlio kdvice and cotetit of Ihe Senate, and that no auch officer ahould be removed fioai office without tbe conaent of Ihe iitU; and that if, during a vacation of C'otigreK, a aunncnaion ahould be made of auch t ilicer, and on being reported to the Senate in twenty daya aller meeting, and che tame be deemed insufficient, he ahould resume the dutiea of hi office. It ia furUr pmvided by the ixth aectioo of tbta act that every removal, appointment, or mplojrmeut made, had or exercised contrary tu tho proviaiona of thia act, and the luakibr, eigning, aealinp, countemigning, or iauing of any cotutuiesion or letter of authority for or io reaped to any auch appointment or emplojmcnt, (hall be deem ed and are declared high uiittdemcanora, and upon trial aud conviction thereof every pcrtou convicted thereof ahall be pun iabed l-y a Cue not exceeding 810, OUO, or by impriaonment not exceeding five yeara, or buih. Here, then, was thin aimple proiiott of law, ao plain that the fool might run andreud, governing the President, od which he deliberately chose to violate. There could be no miatake about its meaning, no doubt as to ita iutent, no cavil as to ita acope. "Again, there was just as plain a proviaioo of tho Conatitution which gave the President power to nominate, and by and with the cooseot of the Senate to appoint a11 officera of the United tita.ea whose appoiotmenta are not therein otherwiao provided for, and which ahall be eatablishi'd by law, and to fill all vacancies that may happen during tbe recesa of the Senate- by granting cominisaiooa which ahall expire at the eod of their next aessioo. These are hia powera of Domination and of aupplying vacancies; do power of removal or of creating vacancies ia given during a aessioo of the Senate. And yet he haa usurped thia power not given him, gone beyond Ihe reatrictiooa of the Constitution which do man could for a moment understand, and assumed to make a removal, create a vacancy, and fill it.. üo the 21st of February, 18C3, he triosgreasea the statute and the Constitution by aucceaaiva acta without excuse or palliation, or provocation, by ordering the removal of Mr. Stanton from the office of Secretary of War, and the appointment of Loren jo Thomas aa Secretary ad interirov' That he failed to remove Mr. Stantfo,'ls oo defense; that he did not create i.tacinoj, ii no defense; that ha did cot aaecced in getting Thoraae into office, ia no defense no more thau the murderer ia caught it) tho overt act, and prevented from tbe consummation of hia deadly pur poae. It is & defanae to aay that the Tenure of-Office law does not apply to the case of 3Ir. ctantoQ because he was appointed hv fir. Lincoln, and could only hold hia of. flee', under that appointment, during Lincoln' lifo; and not afterward, except by eoSerance, for Mr. Stanton, by the terma of that law, hold bis oSlce not duriog tbe more continuance in offico of the President appointing him, but "duriog the

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p , . 1 . i . . i 1 . . . . term of the Presldeat by whom be was appointed," , Now, the person who waa President might continue In office a half, a quarter, a tenth part, or Ihe whole of hia term. That term was fixed and unchangeable, and waa for four yeara. 8o Mr, Lincoln did not acne out a thirtieth part of hia term, and Mr. Johnson U now serving it out and may not complete It, but aomc other incumbent may come in and complete Mr. Lincoln's second term of four years. ftor la it any defense to say that the President ia the sole trustee of tbe executive power of tbe nation, and that the required concurrence of the Senate ia only i regulation lor the exercise of thia power; tor the executive power of thia nation ia sot an unlimited one, but ia very narrowly limited and guarded.' and at all ftoiota controlled by laws. The J'ridis the sole trustee of very few powers, and the regulation biuding bitn in their exercise are not to be violated with impunity. It is certainty a new doctrine to say that because an officer ia an executive ' one he ia not to be arraigned for a violation of Uw, and that because he haa the appoint ins rower be haa another distinct one, and that U the removing power, where the Constitution does not conler it and tue Uw plainly forbids it. It would aeetn but reasonable that If tho pjwer or removal had boon expressly conierred on the Pie ident by the Constitution, that it ahould be exercised like tho appointing power, by and with the advice and consent of th Senate; but in a cae where the power of removal ia conferred by law, aud limited in ita exercise to the consent of the Sen ate, it would seem absolutely preposterous to say it ahould be exercised totally independeot of the Senate. To sustain thia position, the tenure of offico law ia declared to be unconstitutional, and the essential at suluteisru of the Executive asserted iu this matter of romoval. To a mind imbued with the aimplent ideas of republican government, auch an assertion is abhorrent, and to one at all regardful of public policy or the public safety, it never would occur. Tbe absolute power of removal from offico ia a relio of monarchy; at war with our whole )stcm; dangeroui to liberty; corrupting in its exeicire and effects; begetting a slavish subserviency to the Executive. s The madness and folly that claim des-, polio power tor our Chief Magistrate aie fitly akin to the treason which haa fur aix )ears labored so seduously to destroy the Constitution. The executive power of the nation may be limited aud hedged in, not Only by Ihe terms of the Coiistitutiou, but by legislative enactments, and it is the dutv ot tbe national Legislature whenever it perceives a dangerous exercise of such power to put on it the uttee aa.ry restraints, iiough, the I 'reside ii. is the sole True euou trustee of the executive power of the nation, bu that power is guarded by a flaming aword at every point; and executive powcra are not to be set up, like kitigly preroativea or diviue right, iti defense of traiiHgressions. The Executive, like the citixeu, is tbe subject of law, bouud by ita requirements, amenable to ita penalties, liut wo ire warned (bat it is dangerous to interfere with a co-ordinate branch of the Government. Co-ordinate in what? In power, importance, tu Uso in extent iu what respect co ordinate? Coexistent rather; not co-ordinate. Aa well say the atreauia are co-ordia ate with tho ocean into which they pour. A well aay the planets are coordiuate with thegraud luminary about which ibey revolv, as to aay that the executive and judiciary are co-ordinate with the legislative brauch of tbia government. Tbo one is the center, the depository of power, the aeat of lifo, the source of progress and improvement, while tbe vthere are ligidly confined by strict Uwa anct jealously guarded iu their obedience. We havo been too long in the habit of regarding Iho executive and judiciary brauchte of tho Government aa of equal dignity with tbo legislative, while iu no sense can the executors and construers of law be avid to equal in importance tbe makers of Uw. For tho time being an adventitious importance may attach to them; but in a Government whose great distinctive feature is this, that it is bused on representation in its legislatures, and not on judges or presidents or kings, the law-making power must forever bo pre eminent. It is misuse of terms to tulk about co-ordinate branches of the Government in the presence of tho legislative which can create and dcatroy, which can impeach and remove, which can make war or peaco, which knowa no restraint imposed by judge or President, and is bound only by the Constitution. "In the presenco of thia nusjestic power all other powers of our Government shrink into insignificance; and when the President attempta to assert a policy aud lay down rules of action, he is aa much a usurper aa if he violates a pubüo law. He baa no more right to a policy than a oonatuble or sheriff in the exerciso of his funotioua aa such, lie ia to look to bis writ, his letter of authority, and execute it, and then and there atop and be ailent till hia master, tbo people, speaks. Who, then, shall interfere with these branches of tho Government for their reputation and correction, if the people, through their only mouthpieces, their Legislatures, cannot? In fact, it is no interference; it is the bounden duty of the legislative braoch to step io promptly and check every assumption of power by tho other branches of tbe (Jovernuient. Again, it has been said that tho President iiiy disobey an unconstitutional law, that ho is to look at the higher rule of the Constitution, and if in bis judgment the Utter overrides the former, be la guilty of o crime, making crime a matter of opinion, and not of fact, and tho guilt or innoee&ae of the offender dependent on hia owai asnse of duty, regardless of the enactmente oX Congress a new rule, certainly, in jurisprudent. Uut UU add tho act ia

unconstitutional, and therefore the Prel dent may disregard it. II it bo to, he U bound by it until lit a legal way it is ct aside, and he who violates it, seta the bad example or disubcJicnco, and subjects himself to tbe penal. Us prescribed for. U. . , , Hut what is there in Ihe assertion that' the tenure-of-office Uw U unconstitutional? .

Tho idea U baed upon the opinion of public men at an early period of our history who thought it to be the duty and peculiar province of the President to superintend, the conduct of hia appointees and remove them summarily, thus checking their excesses and arresting their violations of Uw : or tnalleksatira of offia; some going so far aa to nay that the President would be im-1 h . a aaa reachable ii liedlJ not remove otuciuis ne bad appointed who were guilty of crimes and misdemeanors. . ' Dut the history of the Government and ' all our publio experience have shown that the danger dors not lie in that direction, but rather in tbe opposite one. The arbitrary removal cf tuen from office bj Iho President for mere- opinion sake has been a crying evil aince the daya of Andrew Jackson, who initiated proscription for political opinions, and began thai system which soon degenerated into one whoso motto was, "To the victors belong tho spoils." llere began the dark daya of tho Republic; hero the greed of gain, the thirst for office, the struggle for preferment at any cost, entered side by tido with the war of opinions, and the debtes of political pn jtcts and principles, and corrupted and defiled ihem; and right here lies the most dangerous rock ahou J of the ship of state. To guard against this unwarranted, almost unlimited, almost despotio power of removal and appointment tho whole nation for years has been anxiously looking for a method, and were at last driven to the adoption uf this Uw relative fa the teuure of civil officer-. Tho reasons that operated on the minds of our fathers w hen they were silent on tho power of removal were found to be of no force and the fears they entertained of the corruption of inferior officer-, unless guarded aud checked by the executive head, were proved to be vain and futile. It was found that there waa much more danger in a corrupt and powerful executive officer, wicldtug and moulding alt his interior officers to base puipes, thau in their becoming iudividu ally unfit io exerciso tho fu ulions of office. The struggle fo expel from office Mr. Stanton begun soon uitcr the pussagc of tho reconstruction acts cf last March. He had honestly aud faithfully undertaken to carry tbciu into execuiiuu, while President Johnson, with dogged and willful determination, resolved to thwart aud defcut them; first, by bis vetoes, insulting in tono and unlawful iu spirit; then by his private ' declarations, s du inen by Ins unwarrantable interference with tho officers to whom we vttru intrusted ihe cdiniiibtration of atfuirs. Wheu it waa found that the Southern people weio about to acquiesce in these meusiires Mr. Johnson aud his e id 18 r leu, by nil means, eudunvored to dissatisfy ihtm; and, finally, to prevent the permanent reorganization of certain States, removed succensively the most faithful, honest, and gallant district commanders Sheridan, Sickles and Popo. When it was found that the people ol the South wcro going to register themsolves, preparatory to an election, w hite and black alike peaceably acquiesced iu tho mode of procedure; wheu it was found that tho icbel soldier was forgetting the wrongs and ills of war, and was emerging from tho shadows of despair cast upon htiu by the mistakes ana t rims of his leaders; when he was again beginning to rcsumo cheerfullj tho duties of lite, and again tuko upon biio the rights and obligations of a citizen, when it was found that Longstrcct Uarriuger, lieauregard, Joe Johnston, Undo Hamptou and even Leo coutuclcd acquiescence in the Uw, and some of them even urged cheerful ooncurreuco in its execution by all the people; when it was fouud that aoon these regeucratrd States would rugo themselves in il line of the Union, loyal to tho core and Radical llopublican, then it was that President John son, at all hazards, resolved to prevent it to stop the wheels of progress, to check restoration, to keep up the reign of auarthy and tuUrule, to pcrpctuato the disorders, the enmities, tho distractions, the perpetration of crimes then it was that he resolved that, come what might, bo it war, with its waste of treasure aud blood, be it an overthrow of tho Constitution, ho would trample on the Uw, defy if, and put it down forever. Reconstruction rbould not toko placfl as Congress had dJ' termiued. The removal of tbe district commanders was followed. inAugut lust, by the suspension of Mr. Stanton and tbe appointment of General Grant in bis placo, who iu his (urn yielded to Mr. Stanton under the decision of tho Senate. And hero, for u time, tho grim tragedy which had so long sttuttod the stago suddenly degenerates into a farce. General Grant is assigned tho duty of placing hocutpocut with tbe War Department; of acting the part in which, "now you see it, and now you don't aee it;' but the grave aud silent man stubbornly refuses to play aa directed. General Sherman is suddonly houored with a brevet as General, aud be ia expected to put on tho drcsa of a mountebank and play for Mr. Johnson some feats of ground and lofty tumbling in the 1'aco of the nation; but tbo great flanker declines to be outflanked by an empty brevet, and goes off toward the sunset Io look after tho Indians. Quick as tho changing scenery of the stage another doubly breveted veteran is marched out with solemn face and stern bearing tbe old hero of Nashville. His surprise at bis sudden honors bewilders him for a moment, and bo wonders what mean thing he hss done to deserve all this from the President. At length, fairly awake, he aaya bo can remember nothing that he hss dono sinow the battle of Nashville that ia worthy of montron, and to the high-sounding titles offered him by the Presidential

imÖOKVILT.K. IND.. FRIDAY. APRIL'S, 1 81. ,

hand bows him off the Ugo with: No, air; 1 thank you.'V Well done Ucorge Thomaa, you nover did a manlier thing in your life. Tho people will never forget your anawer In thia brevet bu.in Then come the last act In lUU lowromedy. Loren so Thomas reels upon tho I'ago with a commission in his pocket anJ -claims of Mr.Htanton the keys of the Vr Office. Haa the President at Utt found a ttol? Has he found one ao weak or s wicked, or both, among those whom the ration hss long supported aud honored f ith high official position, It is but too tmo, This trifling must bo toppo l. These flagrant violations of Uw must have an end. The patience of the people will not eudure forever. They are determined that the measures of reconstruction sh 11 go on; that Andrew Johnson, Lorenii? .Thomas, or whoever else I --, wh him self in the way of li.Virpi-vieii.s-'-hsl go down. The future weifaie of ten States is not to bo periled by the unlawful interference of a President who madly proclaims aud dictates to them a policy of reconstruction. The mighty future of the whole natiou is not to be endangered by the despotio assumptions of a President who hates the trammels of Uw, wh) for -gets the obligations of his oath, who rudely scorns the voice of the people. This is uo mere contest in the interest of Mr. Stanton. The right to violate ou,-) Uw implies the right to violate all; aud to basely aubtuit to the arrogance of the Kxeoutivc in thia would bo as shameful as the Bubscrvieucy of vassals to the crowned heads who tax them and fight them at their will. (Joe man haa set himself up against the power of the people; one duo has said my will, not theirs, shall bu obeyed; one wan has said my word is worth . more thau the word of all my couutrymen. Thia day we call upon him to make that assertion good. This day we impeach him in tlio name of an outraged people, whose Constitution he has broken, whose Uw he has dctied, whose msjc&ty ho has mocked and insulted. His whole history as President baa been uitrked with usurpations of power and violations of rights. Hi aasuinptiou of tho right Io iccoguizo the rebellious Stales; his appoiutmeut uf traitors to office; his proclamations of pardon and amnesty; his open attempt to surrender all power, snatched by our brave soldiers in arms from tho enemies of tho country, buck into their hands; his indeceutend iusurreotiouury denunciations of Congress in publio speeches, his retention, iu office of wicked liishouost and thievish officials who aro p.uiidcrtng the Treasury betöre his eyes; his eoustaut ctforts to render null and void the reconstruction acts in the Southeru Stutes, his unjust removal of the most faithful officers; bis insulting, arrogant, and rebellious veto messages, can all bo iiussod by in view of fuels, ao aturtliuc. which have occur rod wiyhirrV past Mk'ek,. Not content with bis former aggressions against popular rights he repeats the blows, Confident that a forgiving and indulgout publio will still disregard thetu. He has gone too fur. He cun not retrace his steps. Already they lead down to that raging whirlpool of popular condemnation from whion there is do rescuo. Composition on Corns. The Dubuque Timtt publishes the following aa "a boy 'a composition on corns:" Coins are of two kinds, vepctublo aud animal. Vegetable corn grows in rows, aud uniuial corn grows on toes. There aro soveral kinds of coro; there is unicorn, Capricorn, corn-doJgcrs, field corn aud toe corn, which is the cor,n that you feel most. It is raid, I believe, that gophers like corn, but a persou having corns does not like to "go fur," if ho cau help it. Coma have kernels, and many colonels have corns. Vegetable corn grows on ears, but animal corn grows on the feet, at the other eud of the body. Another kind of corn is acorn; these grow on oaks, but there is no bosX about tho com. The acorn is corn with an indcGuite article, but the toe corn is a very deliinite article indeed. Try it and sec. Many ft man, when he has a corn, he wishes it was an acorn. Folks that have coma sometime send for a doctor, and if tho doctor himself U corned, ho won't probably do near to welt as if he isn't. The doctors say that corns are pro duecd by tight boot, or shoes, which is probably tho reason why, when a man is light, they say he is corned. If a farmer manages weil ho can get a good deal of corn on one acre, but I know of a farmer that has ono corn that makes tbo biest acher on bis farm. Tbe bigger crop of vegetable Cora a man raieos the better he likes it, but tho bigger crop of uuiraal corn he raises the better ho don't like it. Another kind of corn is corn dodger. Tho way it is made is very siutplo, and is nude aa follows (that Is, if you -want to know): lou go along a street aud meet a man that you know bus corns, and is a rough character; then you step on the toe that .. !.-... iius tno corn ou it, ana seo u you won i have occasion to dodgo. In that wsy you will Had out what a corn dodger ia. Misery loves company, and so decs a marriageable young lady. If you court a youug Udy who lias a count among her suitors, you will probably be counted out. .. --. The man who couldn't "trust his fociings," is supposed to do busiuoss strictly on the cash principle. 'What blessings children arc!' as the pariih clerk said when be took thi fee for christening theui. Wanted for the ornithological department'of the Museum, the beak and claws of a tomahawk. , .if Why are umbrellaa like pancakes? Bcgnuso they are seldom seen after Lent. A good action ia never thrown away; and perhaps that is tho reason why wo find bo few of theu, I

. , Fort Wiyn Hillfoid. ' . P.DiTOti Palladium, In a communication made to the public, and first published In the Telegram, a few months ago, which sulisenudiitly appeared In all the city papers, 1 Informed jou, in general terms, of the then condition and prospects

or the road. After what nnv a r pear to

you a long illcnee, in regard to this ln- rPcJ seoomplishlng a result so deslrat'ortant euternrise. I have the t reasure to ! ble, they will ia more (hart atifled. If

ststo tli a t affairs are now assuming a more definite shs pe. At that time the city bail just granted (and that reluctautly ) $100,. WO additional subscription in aid of the road, but ao hedgnd around, with commendable caution, that practically put it out of our reach, In tho meantime ncgotia. tioua were kept up with ;arties'Jiructly in interest with us in this work, but with uncertain and iudefiuito result.. In our appeals I'yr sid, wo wero told that we must first show our faith by our works, and one giving evidence of that fact, by what we did, wo would; have plenty of friends. Acting upon this aeiniblo advice, the City Council, I believe, by a uuaoimoua vote, have removed Ihe objectionable restriction, and by this, act, have placed the money at our disposal. Nothing, is now wanting to make that part of the transaction entirely satisfactory, but the ability on the part of our citizens to take the city bonds for the same, which they do not seem willing to do, at the usual rate of interest, and wliich refused, must result in the salo of tho bonds elsewhere. Tho wisdom of the action of the City Council waa soon manifested in the form of a proposition of aid, which I received from Ihe C. H. & J. Riilroad, through its Vice President, John W. Hartwell, Esq., and as it is a matter of interest to tho publio, I here insert it: Tho U. II. & D. R. k C. R. 0. R. R. Companies propose to tuka 100 of the first mortgage bonds of the Richmond & Fort Wayne R. IV, at 00 cts. on tbe dollar, to bo paid out of the earnings of tho husi ncsd brought to them from the U. & Fart Wayne R. It.,' first deducting sixty per cent, for expenses; the 11. k Fort Wayne R. R. Company agreeing to begin to redeem at the end of. live yeara the aaid bonds, beginning with thojo first taken, at the sumo rule aud continuing until all are so reUeemcd out of the eurninga from business brought to it from the auid C. il. & I). Si 0. R. fc F. W. R. R's. This is to apply to that portion of the II. Si Fort Wayne Railroad between Richmond aud Ridgcvillo, and another 100 of the same class of bonds, on same terms as to the said R. R. and earnings, as betweeu Jlidgeville and Fort Wayne. The great objection to tbe above is that it absorbs a material portion of our revenue at u time when we can ill afford it. I am free to say it is not all we want; it is not in fact what we deserve; it is not what we had aright to expect from them; but it ia a move ii the rightdireeiion, and an in portant ono, too. And I confidently cx pect to bo able to modify it, aa not to only make it unobjectionable but in every way desirable. It is thosaiuo aid they extended to the Union k Portland Railroad, and by which they were enabled to obtaiu iron lor their road. tSinco the above from the C. II. Si I). Railroad, we have two proposals from other roads, which nt the proper time, will be duly considered. From the report of Mr. Poincory, which was published, the public will have learned that we require $300.000 to finish our grade, and iron our roud to Ridgeville, 13 milos from Richmond. We have of that amount 100,000, leaving SI 4 0.000 to be raised by subscription or from the sale nf bonds of the road. At the meetiog at Winchester, last Thursday, committees wcte appointed to canvass along the line of Ihe road, for additional land We expect to raise in this way toO.OUQ to f 75,000. To say that tho people should build the road up to a certain point is easy in fact cheap, as tho assertion costs nothing, but to solicit aid from men who have lost three successive wheat and one corn crop, and who are scarcely ablo to pay their taxes, is a dinerent thing. Tho reception of the committeo that visited Fort Wayne, was all that could bo desired. They gave all the encoursgement we expected, and every assurance was given, that when our road shall have beeu completed to Hluffton, they will finish it to Fort Wayne, expressing surprise that we should have any fears in rogard to it, aa it would bo to them a mnttor of self-preservation. From Fort Wayne I proceeded alone to Uluffton, where I ht-l-l a t'ir 2titfrntino- mcelinr nmrAfld of the principal men of tho place, and wo assured by Mr. Studybaker, in behalf of .r .i . . , tuia meeting, mat wucn our roau siiuii have reached Ridgevile, their full propor tion shall be forthcoming, and in a shspo that will be at once available. Tho sumo may bo ssid of Jay county. This, then, is the present condition of o flairs, and from which point, I eny confidently to the citizens of Richmond, their road is an assured fact, at least to Ridgeville, and that being iho dead point of danger, I know of no reason why tho road ahould not bo built to Rluffton this full, and to Fort Wayne next year, by which time, 1 am assured by Mr. Edgerton, Picsident of the Grand Rapids Road, ho will have 100 miles of his rosd ruuuitig duo North from Fort Wayne. Should we fail in seenrlng sufficient means along the line, to finish tha first section to Ridtreville, wo can fall back upon the proposition of the C. II. A D. Railroad, or that of otherJ, if found tuoro advantageous or we can donate all to some party to build it. 'ft is would be to mo a dernier resort, when all other means ahull have failed. Tho city of Richmond Will have 8150,000 In Ihe roud, beside ber citizens, and those along the line, who have 1ut io valuable property, which has doubed in value, and all of which , would bo swept awsy in cose tbe last plan is adopted. It is my earnest desire to savo this vsst amount of property, ao that when the road shall have been built, that it may be operated iu the iutcrosts of thoso who pro-

WHOLE NO. 32?.

jccUd it, and who havo bven Its friend through evil and through good report, otherwise the road will run in the interests of other parties, and not in tho interests of tho city of Richmond, and those atong the tine who have contributed so eagerly of their means to build If. . , Should the tnnnagei's of the road ancthey fail in dlng stlt lhay will at least havo Iho consciousness of bsvjng been governed by the best intentions. The weather being favorablo, It Is in contemplation to begin work in the next four or six weeks, in regard to which, and all other important moves pertaining to the road, I will keep the publio fully posted through tho papers. L. M. MtaiNo, -Prea. 0. U. ii Port Wayne It. 11. Peace after Impeachment. -IinpeachmeDt of the President has been since the beginning of the Government a power which Congress was ture than once tempted to use, but from which it shrank.. The thunderbolt was ever within its reach, but was too terrible to lightly ta. a a grasp. iNever was the temptation greater thau in the past two yeara. Twico Con gress seized it with fiery indignation; twice i( reluctantly relinquished it. The third time it was Andrew Johnson who thrust the weapon into tne band of CongresH, uplifted its srtn, and compelled it to strike. He had the nation bia friend, he made it bis enemy, and has finally forced it to become his judge. If the terrors and dangers of . impeachment which the people feared, are realities, and not shadows, it is not Congress that has brought them upon us. If there aro new troubles to arise out of this question, it is the President who is to be held responsible-. Congress did not carry impeachment to the doors of the White House; it was the President who advanced to tbe Capitol, proclaimed that he had trampled ort the laws, and delivered to the Seoalo the written testament of bis guilt, sigued and sealed by bimsclf. Nothing was inoro dreaded by the Republican party than this measure, which, as tho history of its legislation attests, it labored to avoid. When Mr. Ashley, one year ago, first impeached Andrew Johnion in the House of Representatives, Con grcss indirectly admitted that the charges prefened were true, but, as timo passed on, concluded that the necessity of acting upon them did not exist. The Picsident could be justly impeached, but the right to do so did uot in its opinion constitute an obligation. Heuce, for the sako of peace in the ftar that greater troubles might ottccd the extraordinary removal of Mr. Johnson thsn those which the country suffered from bis Administration, such men aa wilaon. Ranks, llim-ham. Wushburne; votcd, in December Uat, against the iinticschment resolution. Fear of the President we believe (hero was none. Rut there was not unfounded anxiety that gold might suddenly rise, prices throughout the whole country be chaoged, business be disorganized, and the reconstruction of tbo South bo delayed. So the Republican party, though thia man was their bitterest enemy, though ho had denounced Congress ss a body of traitors, though he wua notoriously a law-breaker, shielded him from the punishment he had provoked. Greater proof of its ruaguan itnity and moderation there could not be. For the tako of (he peace vf. the. couutr it couseuted to be accused of cowardice, and, with the power and right to placo a Republican at the head of the Government, permitted a renegade to reinaiu in the high office to which assassination had raised him. Whether this was the' wiser course let the futuie decide; it is enough bow to know that it was tioccre aud patriotic Congtcss, in not impeaching Andrew Johnson December the fjtli, and February the 13th. did what, in its aober judgment, was best for the iuterests of the people of the United States Republicans, Democrats, and rebels. Rut now tho act Is done. The President commanded Congress to impeach him, and Congress bus obeyod. Wo have seized the nettle danger iu the faith that wo shall pluck out of it tbe flower safely. Who that recalls the two years pail cau believe that an evil that rctults from' an act of justice wilt equal the evils that sprung Irotn the mercy aud generosity tho Prtsidcnt abused?. He has been thogrcut est of all obstacles to pCkco. He act up I bis will against tust of the people of whom ! be U tbo tcrvant, and attempted io place ihe theories upon which the Rebellion was fought above tho principles upon which the Union was maintained, 'ihe Robollion lived again in bis vetoes of the sets of Congress and his denial of its constitutional authority. Inspired by him, Rebels tnsdo Uwa . for Ijyal uren, ami Bought to luuke rmancipatiou a mere uame, by creating a new system of serfdom. He permitted the massacro in New Orleans, and protected the murdercia in Texas. Everywhere Andrew Johnson was in the path of the loyal nation, resisting its advance. Ho Was multiplied throughout tin Rebel States; turo where we would, there was Andrew Johnson fighting, fighting, fighting, egaitiKt loyalty and order. lVacel There was no hopo of peaco whilo be insisted upirn war. -livery forward step of Congress was gained t'y n desperate struggle with him, and wheu wo thought we had conquered the ciladc!, beholdl tl.-ere wu another Rebel lino before tri. Tho President, aud the President etonft, has kept the whole country io terror aod confusion since the day ho first reeled into the Senate Chamber, and attempted to take an oath which his lips refused to intelligibly repeat. .... With his rcmots! from ofllce and. with nis confession of guilt signed and sealed, we anticipate nothing less tho cauie of this terrible struggle ends. The reconstruction, of the fouth will rspidly and peaceably progress when the exeoutive branch of the Government ceosoa to opposo it. The rebellion will fall Lack into

Its seputehar; when the President no long er Insists flpnn its resurrection. Alt the enziaty wbiob'tbe country perpetuslly feels wiil ps away forever with the feet ful Valtle britwten the Exvcotivo aud Congress. Till then we - must eapeet the troubles wliich naturally attend upon a meatttre an extreme and extraordinary s the Impeachuieut f the Pro ids nt of Iba Ubltrd Stairs, The sooner thai Congiee

consistently -with the dignity of lie occa sion ant the rub's rr ihe at rated, vsii end the trial the, better tut all interests. Give us then, .without the needle delay of a single day, a President who t an berly take and honestly keep tho (atb ttf protect and execute the laws. N. 1 Tiibuue. " . Amusements ot Ofetl rtferf, : Ppinos, after some houra t tlose sfuJy would join tho fsfiiily with whom he lodg. ed and take part even in the inust fihial convention. A fsvorite amu-emat vf hia wu. setting sliders (e fhteseh oifitf, So much iuJurest dul he take In their tow bats that he was often sMit'd with imtuoJ' erate fite of laughter, br. Samuel Clarke, the RlIjIo rommiiiiiator ur-J lit nitik himself by jumping over tabirsand chair. auu owui, ny running up ani Uown tne steps of the deanery. Shelly took great pleasure in making Paper boats, and watch ing them as they flouted on tbe water. Ho used np iu this Wav the flyleavrs vf the books which h towl with him on Ms pedestrian excursions. On ooo occasion, finding himself on the north bank of the Serpentine river, and without any materials for Indulging that peculiar Inclination which the sight of water always inspired, he twisted ut a fifty pound note and committed it to the waves. While Pclsvius was engaged on bis IhgnuiM lheoo-pica, hia piincipal reo. eafvoa at the eud of every second haur was to twirl hie chair for five minutes. lUrcUy, the author of the Arjtutiu. and D'Audilly, the translator ofJ(ephus diverted themselves during their leisure hours by cultiva ting trees and flowers. Tycho Rrah aioused himself with polishing glasses for spectacles; and Socrates with pUy'tug wills children. ' - - - . ... -Never. , v ., .. Few words, in our language are .acre frf queotly taken lu vain thau the emphatic alVerb ''Never." It is ofpuro Suxou origin, and tike most of its verbal kin, ia forcible and comprehensive. Followed out through all illegitimate iMeauing uud applications, a mete potential word la scarcely to be found iu our graud old mother tongue. Vet in uil our vocabulary there is hot one u.ore bamclully abused.' It is. played at pi'eh od-osa with by . L '.. . . II. .1 I 1 1-1 . ..I tue uusiao.c, loe . uivoioo iu laise, t will, never .forgive biui never, never, never!" says the deceived aud outraged wife; and yet j-erbap beforo toe wek ie' over the otieuuiug liusband ia pardoned, his crime forgotten, aud the iiuplacabU wife as wax iu lU wron-dor'a Uud. (Never shall drop ot anything intoxicatiug pais tuy lips ugniiV cried the help less, wild eytnl vtetiu of dbaubr as lue' nerves abate aud quiver under the lusddeuiug Usb, wireU and kuvlted by bis own bauds. . Ah, could we believe him! Rut unfortunately txpeiici.ee teaches us that -'Ease rccauta vows made lu piu," and no vows are more valueless thau tuose ol the inebriate. '1 here is scarcely an old man in the land hesveu help u who hue uot beard, either iu bis uwu family or ia the family of some friend, the torture bom Never" of the druukard. it is nH(imrt " kept; it might ufavi be " kept if men would but )-ert. tuetr rush hood. The dignity and strcugtli of uwipl monhol once triumphantly asserted, each succeed iug triumph will become easier, until, at lust, temptation, with beuveu a help, will lose. its power to tempt, aud with ubaolut ueteroaioation to do right will expire the) last rctnuuut of the inclination todo wrng We have seen such vietoriea hope to aee, uioro of them. Tiny uit jviLU tu atf iciu irr, ' New Counterfeit. 'The follow iug now couuterteita are reported by Thompson' Jln'nli Aun uhU Vvnnntintil Jirjxtiii f lor Junuaiy 25: , Ten's ou the .National Rank of the State of New Vork, New York City, aie in circulation. Well calculated Io deceive; Jsook urn let tbetii. ' Tcn'a'on tho Firct National Raul uf Philadelphia are in ciicirLiin Ten's ou tic L'liiou National lUuk of New VotkCitJ. We t executed. Twerrty'e on thft First National Rank of Roslou. Tilt left band of tbe soldier holding the gun does no tu ire h V ht depofited, but iu the genuine it due. Observe on this couutcrfvit the butt of the1 cau Set ou tta J tit totuf r touches l Inj eeiol) Vfctk around figures '1'," andf ou tho baud of the female oa the ttiuu' breast the lingers cun iCsrccf to cff, while on the genuiuo no part of the gun1 touches, and the fingers are quite distinct. Ou the counterfeit under the words "This Note," where rt read "This note w se-? cured," etc., liiere are but three tlouiinho; and the genuine has four, an J also one ! tweeu ti o lJuiied"aud Statt-n'," which U omitted" in (iio countcileit. Tho letter 'a' in Treasurer,, under Spinner's name, is larger than iho other letters, and while the counterfeit ii of tbo iio length as , the genuin it is at least a quarter of an iuoli narrower. Oi the oouuteifcit the shield bchiud the eagle on Ihe .tuck'uf the note' uouiain but six stara, and they aro very imperfect; on the genuine rerouted! stars utc visibU. Vifiy'if Mr th National Hank of Con,-' nierve, NVw Red ford, Massachusetts. Weir done and circulated to deceive. A grse mistake accidentally burjin;j n iuuii alive. 'What," inquired a sehoo!iua.lf r,, 'is' the plural of peuiiy'' Twojw'r.i-e! -.homed the sharpest iu the i lass.