Indiana American, Volume 23, Number 46, Brookville, Franklin County, 2 November 1855 — Page 1

- o VCKY 7 wox xxy A HEIVS AND ÖUS3NE8S PAPER-DEVOTED TO röRfiJOW ÄND DOMESTIC NEWS, MORALS, 'TBMPBRftrJCE, BDUCATIOrJ, ..fiGRiCülTÜRE, AND THE BEST INTERESTS OF SOGJETY. vol. xxin-m do. BROOKVILLE, FRANKLIN COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2. 1855. WHOLE NUMBER 1190.

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Ircftssbiral forts.

TBt DATIS. H. D .-FHTNtCUM AMUR , 1,K ). Ufr i, 4t IK ra.l !, Ntiir o haiaasd Jaamtt-eeu,Hroitill,lnd. TS. J. 47, rSKlT, "nroj DK.iTur. wrrw i, wmm m. mm or in , Yellay Me,e T.i. All ttrl f a-raata.t. .Idrharfe for ttAinla-'i . aoea4vie. , )-.r -UIlTTr rTS7S IILVÖ2.V--'l',Ti':K er TntlK A (K i e-4 m I'liixllor at Ii. Brno vir, 14. Otirt, 4aury Wnl'i bull.lln TT- UOaSOW.- ATTOKJIKV A COliSL. We i-oa.ll I.A-V. Ur ru a, So. 7, lUile'e rwueviiie, ma. II 4 J A tr.TTlSD. TTOH.IRVACOU.tKKI.t.OK il r Uw. Orrua, ever ftfid1 St.ira, 1 V ' ualio O r r c a , om )r e"u.a tne v allay IIoxm, Hrm.a. lila. Intl. Mr ill .ale utol(fInMi of Daotle, UK sad cor ufj l)poiuau, Aswav u te. rrtnoiiii j. snrrTE notary rennt, S. (.,., Hl IM lrMlllB anl - SuwU.lg steals, aad iwu4 la ftoiertai bueine HAKRISOX 4 DIKKCTOK Y. T f S3rXY.-nKAI.lCrt 1.1 C HOCK K I Kit AMU Ai. -., , Mmi, tl.aaiana, (Imuo, "'S- - " nw HWfMiiaici ellerlulue la !l Hit. i- general baeortmenl ef rviiniTiuii, WbUh he will eil aheap for cub or aounlry pro4 oe. tri? 41 IM.W. T TTLT0f Tt7RRtr.L.-OJiBnoIf KATOe X V -, ll.in, Ohio, lLr In AJSaUlCAX, riCKNCH AMI) i.NciUsIl UKV tioOU, Bnaaeaaead Boaaet Trimming of ail ljlnd prteee Lat, MUtn t CMUftßi (not kpoif lUattj n b4. . eil? 44 I. .. w. lion. J 4 M..HiUt V CuM, Lajla Dt Gonl 'rj kind. " Uiaii Utiiir tit WiiaDTlTiuri, HARR1S0.1, OHIO. Tva. x. z. ruiLta. DKAI.KH i.n uk m, JJ 4it!iiM f Uta, Uli, Vrtilnet,CU, tJ kiir,4i., Corm Mala Ba4 Markrl kUMti, UARRU01, CUIO. eetmi 13 OTTTO nOT2L.-COK.Ht MA 1.1 &MAKKZT HARRISOH, OniO. tl. riilILIIv Proprietor. ' 0U ? 4 l4 TRUTSLIU COmiTY DIRECTORY. Ctaemt Coeat maaU tha lit Man-layt la Fbrtrjana Anri aiay tu thrmi wmIi. . Coaana Klix (' rm-au Ul UoaUrtn JanMff, April, July an.(rtobr may all waaka. t'uaaiaamaia'a (ai'it nt lt ll.in.tnTa la Jua,pua'Mir, Daeawoar au l Marrti maj atl ait aja aaao lima. Ccuntf Offlcara. A. K. MeCUary, Haoator, Um aiplraa Orl 1 w, m. n. tar nap h.Mih ajitlar, Joan M. iKiaaoa, Clark. w M. Haiaaar, hmr, m XVibj. Ko'M.aai, 1rag rar, Ja M. Vimcii, At.i(.,r I Katlla üa4ra, KWir, M John H.lby , Coroaar, M I "-Ml Fob ivi Orl "VI A g IHW Alar K'i'l Oil 1 .! M M r. n. nunnaroj, Hurvaor M I fid Vocbtt Laaaiaaioaia:Cyrua Qalrk, J II. Fiarvtt, luiaf U;aimi.0 aijlr Orlobar, li7. . Jaatlcaj of lh ra)ACt). ' lionirnti niai air. Cyraa Klljira, Cmiuuioa aiplraa Apr 1 l.4 AirraJ WarJ . Apr W, V rn. K. Hiiwall,' ArVl, Jama Mawaiaaaa Uul 31, lr rmaarida Twiir. jopa Wth, luiaoiuiiDa aipiraa 0 7, lirt A.C. Millar, Ocl, 11.11 tanaalUuiilila. " " AprV4,lJW ' aL(via)iawanva Tnwaaiitr1, rr! Stanghur, CouiinHalon axpiraa 5o r, iciii Jaaaa Clauauia, Af trrm Towaaaiia. JonnConMn, CoihüiimIou aalraa Wo I,l.'i9 Attiart ttraoicnaa M l J, 4iartai tohi W. A. J. OHilawaU, Coaaart aif'raa Fob Vi, KA JoamCocbraa, Juua,JIij Riaat4aDTnMi. , Franala K nacht, CaaiotUaioa aiplraa 5d A, 1 J t Fraaala A. , - Oct 13, InM Lauaat TOwaiMt. iiaaaClamantaCoMitulMWa aii'irva Pao I, i:4 La-larWk KnaiitWif JCoy S, A MvfeartU.Jlaks n Uclt, aTa Towaamr, Jka Tfrtnlay, towiiiv aipraaJal 13 ln'rfl W.i.Coolay, Ma I, Mi na waiitia. Rnbi, Tf. Millar, Caiatalaaiuv aiplraa Krpt va, 17 Jamaa I.MjNi " , " alj io,li ' ' TOwaama. Maary Pal malar, CaanutaMMit ai pi rat May aa ai u May , lij wiMN Muoruian 44.t ( lira mwDaiiir, Aa lly. Cinummivt axpira Juny?( U,' laaaa I'ttiiUpa, KaOHI, Jsil witrra wirca tnwmnr. VFaltay XUchrll, tomiii'lon aipir Cap I, Ji.a FMphaH Harbar, "np 1.1, If.VI lMMlat Wtlaua i Majt,liOM aiTM T!nil. Jnha Blow, ComtulMloa ipir J una V, ' La la Wtiiaaa " April S, Mil TJITIO "COUNTY DIRECTORY. CiacittCacaTiiatth4:ti Noml) tn f.ltaar. anl Anfu.l may aitlao waaka aach lima. l oa ana Pia. Coca r m i.il. I Monta.ln Ynly faary, Mav, Aufual.auiJ .Icirmiiier; ait-pl wliaa Ihara ara rja Mvilayi la Iho prccaJIny iintul!i laaa Ui MonUay. Mayait4 waaa-i lima. iaifiHioxi't (orf mavta III Mouilay In Jau, aaptarabar, lauaintar an4 Marva may l lUaajiasea lima. Caunlr Olarara. Xtof N.lr, naaalar. lima aiptra On. la.vt i: w ' t .k u . .... . . . .. la, VV. Clark, R-p Ort. I vi. M.j. viiati nana, ( K. HaMataa, tlark, W. DawaiHi, A adilof O. W. hr'iwa, Traamrar, Wm. I. Kuaa, Corruar, Jaaaa I'imi, Muraror. Law la J.CUaa. rWar4ar Aaf. M T. ljj. !.. l".vj. A Bf. 14. Oil. tH. OrU l1", So. I.M1. t I M II II . II Urnl WlUaa, l.aac Ini4ar,an1 Ala. M.faJJiKk,UuiaaiLirvt iht. la bar, ksi--7. Juatlc) al ttk reikcoa F. Jarrall, Coromtaaloa aiptraa Apr, Ji, ln, W.Hrarf. " " Hrp, IC, l.W. Irs Maiwalt Apr. In, I.,. M. . HorU, J.V.rUaaau, 5. . i:lin,v Mm. U.WHtllt, Oat. la . I '41. r.J.Colrta. Jaa I Mp. I, Ia,4 . Apr. 0, Aua. ab. U II. Miliar. , I . Iv. , l-v J W. ., i Jnapb HrowB, ' M. Kalter, Uao.wiiaoa J. r.Taaaplaloo1 S. Faifuaoa, i CM. 4af. fil.M MayS. If.17. Ort, Apr. I J.I VI. PAYETTE C0Ü17TY DIRECTORY. Ciarvrr Caaa maat t4 MooJay of Mrsh an I Sapiaaibwr. may ait iww waaka. Co ana Pia L'oaT IU 4th Mfnilaj In Jan aary, Apnt, Jaly,4iiil Oclobar) huU Iwo waaka If ea.taaaa ranra. Coaaiaaivaaaa CoraT ittaa'a til VoaJay la Mini), Jaaa, platnUar Dil Uccaiiibaf J way all alaa 4aya t naaaaaary. - t'otay a l oa iLianoa atl wbaa tualnaaa ra.uiraa In any Juaieial da Ol IN aaaluit uf Cow ajua flaaa Cuari. - Camattr Otflcara. Mlaor Maakar, Kaaalor, Um aiplraa Ocl.lV.fl Üalana 1 rualar, Kp A. R. Ktlwanla, Clark, Waa. MaC'laary.MnarlaT Jnha Mt'lary. Jailor, IrVui.H.aWrk, I raa.urar, Jak Vloal, AadlUir, Joaapa T. Tal, Korlr M Maary Mwf ira, Murwyor. M fab. "J0 OtU ix trod Sap. Iil Mar 1" Aua I"j7 Caaaiaamnat, Alariak I. Backat, Juaaph lul, M 4 fl I,. UW.1HJI. . ' Jaailcwa I th Iear. Jaiaaa Bar4 Comiul Ia aiplraa July 10, ii.vi Jka B. l a a April 17. 16 Waiiam ll.Tkta, Jamaaü. Ma wuitaaa Fraaaaaa Jobs M. Caaaunaga Thwa K, MaCoaaali Jaaaa fnatridr Joaapb H. UaaiaU Job a.aprtaaar ' J aha Bek WruitantcaraaU Ruay U.IUaa H. kt. Mamilioa S.airtUuar Jaaaaw tianpaa JtaNaM.UrM fUUat. LaUt Ima J, I-.VI A pill l, io'i May lu, I -vl Apr IT, I In, l".-m April IT, lnii OclS-i, lira Jaa Itil, lr-:i April IT.IVVI 17, IMd VI, 1 1 VI IT, Id Oft, 1 I Aprill,i04 17, lAja 17,164

clccicb Icctru.

"TKX LAST LZAT." a antia wmnan. oian. I aaw hi m onra bafora, Aa ha pane l by lhadoor, Ani acala Tba para mu(-alaa raaonnJ, At ha tuUora o'ar lb nun4 Wlublaeana. Thoyaaylhal labia prima, , Kr Iba pranlna; kalTu ef Uma f'ul him dowa, ' Rut a boiler man iraa fouml , Ttf Uia ariar on bla roan J Tbrouf b Uta Iowa. Rul aowba walk lha atraala, AdJ b loukt on all ba maata al anil waa AaJ ha ahakaa bia fnabla kaaJ, Tbal ba aaant a If ha aalt Tliry ara (ana. Tba moaa marbl roU Ou Uia lip lhal ha k praaaad lalhalrbloonti And lha unii ka loraJ to haar, IIa baan rar 4 fur many a 7 aar Ott Ulelütlib. My f rai.Jmoihar haa 14 I'uor ol I lady aba I daa4 . L'..f fv- ' Thal ba bad a Raman ana. And b. chaak a Ilka roaa In I'io anaw. Bui pa hla noaa I thin, Aad It roata a pan bla aula LltaaaUff ' Amt a rrwfc la hi back, Aad a malanrhuly track In hla lauib. I know II la aala Forma lo all and grta At hi -a ha raj Bat bla old Ibra eornarad bat, And k la braacbaa, aad all lhali Ara 9 queor I And If I abould Ufa to ba Tba lat leaf a pon thatrea In lha tprluf , LMlham wlla, a I do dow, At lha old (tirtakaa boojh, Vbara I cllnf. i i aaa ! ' THE WIJE 8 APPEAL. a aaca aaaaa wooa. I'm think Inf, Char laa, Hla J ml a yar, Or will ba vary aoon, tinea (rat you kild ma of your lova, Ona glorloua day la Juo. All natura aeomad toahara our bill Tha aklaa hutif warm abor a, Tb wlada from opaoinr roaaa bora Tba vary braalb of lora I V aoncht Iba ttlll. dar p fbraat ahadoa, Within whna laafy f'ixin Faw ardant aunbaam atoU to klaa Tba younf buila lulu blooua Tho blflaMUchtnpourktnoaof lota, la lanr aol balf aoawaal. And aarih'agraan carpal, alotat-floworad, Iliiarraly fall our feat. Ah I araorne of carpeu, Chart, I lotikod ataama to-dy, Which yon will parr ba.a won't yov, dear, Bufora our aoitaoiata T Aad than ramomUor you how loot In !' dallclnu draam, , We Io.i( ttood altanlly teilJa A fvutly gliding ilraa T Twa .1tur'a mirror whan your gaia Kit lungorl tould bar, I nindaally caal 4owa my ayaa, Yalbullo uaatlt Hiera I Ai.d arania of ni Irrora, loa, Tha dear glflof yoar wntliar II quite iild-faaliliioed and to-day I rdrrad boina anolbar. Ahl aalt dil rumaniNrr, Charles Whan (ral yoar arm .tola roaud ma Yon liula drrnmad bw long yoar aorv la gulden chalua had bound mo I Ami araopo of rhalm, my own, Al Altan'a hop lat waak I law Itiai tttUT 10, id rieb, v Ko Uaurnlai.4 anlqaal y The work ttian.hipU luparb, Tba gold mot Ina aad pure I qalla long. Thai laa, lo thai chain r-'i.ipvud your nilatatura I 1'iabaa.rd now wblla you war eat My nrv vera aiucli affoctad You know Hi nary offlcar I ouoa fur y va Icjaclad I (Orlraa to dlipalr by your innrii, Madadaparatby my acorn, IIa wentloeoa aud baaboaa loat la pUj round Cap Horn I Ah t mom of aapoa, my Iota, I aaw one In Broadway, Of lace a Ine a though, 1 wer wore Of auooulighi, by a fay I Yonll purclikv tha exquUltelhlngt T will ull your taaia aomplaUly A bor a tba heart ihaitiaaa you,l'hartea, T will ralra aod full ioi w tally! Tirs onira iioxe. Llfa I fu II of doubl aud aorMW J All Ihal'a beautiful aiat die) Joyoua amllaa lo-diy Ui-morrow Ulttar fear., a haart lull alfh. All wearer lore aud ebarlab, but Mini ml It caaqot tUy, Aad aar brlgbiaalbopaa wtU pariah lathe moralug of their day. Ravarmora I II wakaa an acha. Half or Jy and haU of pain J Vlilnn rta la quick turreulon. Rover will ba mine axala I Thara waa one beat lov4 and true I, Ever a"ar la daya of ynra Want to ra.i dowa In ilia rburcbyard, I ahalt meet her never moral la the land beyond tba river, Farewell echoe oerer coma Lira la hut a Journey thlthar, To thai oiber, brighter hnma I Thoagb our font too ofiaa fal tar, Truadliij lo tha weary way, Lot a pure falia gtMa aa aver. Till we reach lb r valine of day. WTITD AJTD SAU. Rattle Uta wlodowa, wind I Hale. drin rvn lha ttan I There ara mar. and aigba to oar hearts aad aye, reribeiikewelivotavalal The gray aa heave, and heavea, On lha dreary flau of aaadl , And tba blaetod limb iba ah arch-yard Irva Bhakea lika a ghoily baud I Tha dead ara engatfed beneath it, Rank lu the fraaey waveal But wa have mora dead ta eur bearla tod ay Than tha aand In all aar f rave I

Agricultural.

From lha tudlana Journal. ADDRESS, OF PROFESSOR J. J. MAPES, at tho Indiana Stato Fair. We di'l not hear tli first few rrmnrks of tha i ProfcMor. He nnnounci'J, ivfu r ßnihhin hin preliminary rcmarka, that ho wouM pfHk on tho 8uoj ct of the "ImportHiifo of Drinii nnd Suboilin." Th earth was originally made of rock, but frort and heat anl other influt-ncea had caused itto crumble at tho lurf.icc, thus creating tho oil that covrra tho earth. Thitf proct'ns, inniicutcd by nature, must bo conti nucd by mart to prcurro or crcato fcr tili t v in Iho ioili. I claim that tho mmi principle made umi of by Nature, in the original for malion of soils by Iho debris of rocke, thould bo availed of fur tho continued cominutionof tho particle of ioili; fur f we may view eytry pebble, atone, and gram of mml, Rirciuinnjj the ian u operation of Nature lawa to cauio it to lo up tho inorganic conntitucnta of plants, pent up within itself, as did tho original rock from which it CURIO. I ftle-o claim that tho crops distinctly depend upon tho quantity of surface of particles presented Tor ntmonphcno In iluencoa, and so conditioned as to be readily permeated by roots in search of their constituents. It is well known that aora pebble toils, which in praetioo uro barren, have tho larao compo ailion aa the finely dirided toil of the Miami Valley, nd which last aro of most fertile character. Itis evident, therefore, that the mechanical di itiort of tho toil, and its presentation to the continuance of the nctiion of Nature's laws, is a question of degree, as applied to its capability of furnishing tho pabulum for cropa; and, therefore, tho deepest cultivation, And tho great et amount of atmosphere, with a proper degree of humidity, which can Lo brought in contact with tho surface of tho greatest number of particle, is that which must prove the moat profitable. And it is a mero question of ro.M, as to tho greatest depth to which these conditions may bo furnished to tho soil. The use of under-drains, then, is not merely to rid lite toil of excess of water; for its temperature will depend in ptrt upon the quantity of air which shull pass through it. Undcr-dnins, therefore, nro useful lo the soil, by enabling air to circulato between its parliclea; and it is for this reaaon that under-drained soils, so arranged that every alternate drain ahall be opened at both ends to the Rtmophere, will present the anomaly of alternate good and comparatively inditferent crops. I would lay down, then, the follow ing self-evident propositions: 1. 1 ho removal of exer-ss of water by under draining, permits the free access of air. 2. The chemical changes necessary to liberate the iuorgnnic constituents pent up in the particles' of soil, go on more rapidly. ' 3. Those portions of tlto soil, known as alumina and carbon, receive larger amounts of ammonia and carbonio cid from rains, dews nnd atmosphere, than in aoila not so prepared. 4. Hoots will permeate such soils lo greater diatances, and benco corue in contact with larger amount of auch constituent! as uro required for tlt-ir fooila, than if the soil waa not no pre pared. 5. Ih ternperaturo of tho soil is materially elevated by under-draining and S'lb-awil plowing, thus giving n longer season, and rendering tho hoii capable of earlier plowing. C. i he carbonaceous portion of tho soil becomes increased by the decay of a greater amount of roola. 7, Js manurou required to fer tilize aoila so prepared. u. thoroughly prepared sous never uflcr from drouth. 0. A less amount of seed will prodaco a tnaxium crop. 1U. bub-ioiled meadows never run out. 11. Deeply disintegrated soils bo come darker. 12. A largo class of weeds aro de stroyed by a thorough deepening of the soil, including all those which frequently occur in sour nnl in wet oils. 13. Under-drained and tub-soiled lands do not compact kfler plowing, from raint, to tho extent that is noticeable with ordinary plowing, only. 14. J ho increased amount of crops consequent upon such preparation, will enable the farmer to pay ten per cent. per'annum, or more, upon the cot of under-drained, from tho inciCAsed ratio of crops, beyond the expenses of meir prouueuon. Id. Moils so prepared will improve more rapidly than any others, even be yond the improvement of the first few years, which goes to reimburse tho original expenses, and thus, in 'perpe tuity; increase the value ot tho land, moie than the whole cost of underdraining. 10. The net profit of twenty consecutive years, by under-draining, is doublethe exceas crops leaving no portion cf the expenses to tear upon them, other than in their harvest, from increased quantity. Tu iiRst Proposition. The removal of the excess of water bv underdraining, permits the free access of air, is self-evident; forwhilo the epacc between the particles of earth is occupied by water, even tho heav ier portions of tho atmosphere t. l. i l ti iutu ao tin vvuiu rtuiu ueiu in il, cannot enter the soil, but alter its removal, the Atmosphere not only is depositing its heavvir portions in the soil. but the current of air which must be continually passing through under drains is leaking through the tile, and thus rising up through tho toil; for if

both ends bo open, tho current of air

through tho drain ia at all times audicient lo blowout n candle at the more elevated end, and thus a changoof at mosphere between the particles must ho continually taking pined, Second The chemical changes ne cessary to liberate tho inorganic- con stlttients pent up in tho particles of soil, K more rnpully. It is evident, tirst, that by tho pros enco of atmoKphere, and a proper di greo of humidity, roots and other or gun i matters in the soil, will the mere rapidly undergo decomposition. This has evidence in tho fact that every feneo po.t decays most rapidly nt its earth-collar, or where the moisture of tho soil and tho atmosphere, by their Combined cuorts, may cau.o lis decay. And thus wo often find a post rotted oil at tho surface of tho soil, while its lower end has remained comparatively sound. Thee conditions exist in all parts of properly under-drained soil, from the fact that both air and moisture aro at all times present among the particles, iho changes in Iho in organio portions are a No going on with redoubled Activity, lor its fast ai Oxydation of aurfaous lakea place, and they become soluble in water, these soluble portions ar) carried, bv tho ac tivity of capillary attraction, etc., to new surfaces. And theso chemical changes can only occur by such transportations giving riie to new formations. Thus a feldspar particle yields up a portion bf potash, which may bo removed to a particle of ailex, thus forming tho soluble silicate of potash, so valuable in coating,' and , giving strength to straw. Acids aro brought in contact with alkalies, und all solu blo inorganic material aro presented to each other, so ah to render the conditions for tho different required chemical chnngei. Third. Thoae por;ions of tho soil known ai alumina and carbon, receive larger amount of ammonia and caibonio acid from rains, dews nnd atmosphere, than in soils not so prepar ed. Our readers nro well aware that both alumina nnd carbon have the abstract ammoni t from the atmos(here, nnd to retain it until consumed y pianta, nor will it be removed from the carbon and alumina by water passing down over their particles. The quantity of ammonia then abstracted U An the atmosphere, must bo in proportion to the quantity of Atmosphere that may be brought in contact With those Aiorbing particles, which must bo materially greater in wall aerated Mjih than in thoso that have been less thoroughly disturbed and divested of stagnant water. Tho dews nnd rains, also, whilu passing through tho atmo'phirc, receive those gasscs which result from decompositions of all kinds, on the cirth'a tirfuceiand when they enter nn under-drained soil, they readily p;tsi down, instead of running over the surface. In passing through tho soil, thty uru robbed of these gas es by tho carbon, alumina, oxyde of iron, and by the other ingredients as nro capable of receiving and retaining them. Fourth. UooU will penetrato such soils to greater distances, nnd hence cotno in contact with larger Amounts of auch constituents as are required for their food, than if the soil was not ro prepared. The former propositions render it evident that n larger amount of food picpared for plant use, does vxist in A deeply-tilled soil, properly areated by under-drains, and the use of tho subsoil plow. It is aIao evident that the mechanical condition of such soilrijcannot bo ns compact as thoso butluscd with water in other words, that they aro looser therefore that Iho roots of plant can travel to greater distances without coming in contact with a cold sub soil, which would disease their termini and prevent their increase. rractically, roots will travel in a soil loosened to a iiilhVicnt depth, to nn average of thirty-four inches while all lluids in passing through lliatdeplh of soil will bo robbed, by tho alumina and carbon, of all their mammal conhtituenti. Tractically, plants . grown on under-drained and sub-soiled lands, havo n greater number of termini to their roots, and are of greater length. In order to ascertain tho length of the roots of corn, I planted a stalk in an artificial mound, some foci higher than the earth, ami when grown, fastened it to a stake, mid then by a stream of water washol the mound away, so as to lenro the roots perfect in their entire length. I found Hint they averagodyfwVr and a half. Ad if the soil be broken up to the depth of but live or six inches,' some four feet or more of root, and all the powtr of contributing to the nourish ment or tho atalk possessed by it, aredost. Corn cannot attain its full sixe or excellenco in poorly prepared soils, Fifth. The ternperaturo of the soil is materially elevated by under-draining and sub noil plowing, thus giving a longer srason, and rendering the soil capable of earlier plowing. Every observer ia aware, that the Atmosphere, dining the growing neatons of the year, is warmer than tho boils, and therefore the larger tho quantity of atmosphero that passes through the soil, the higher must bo ill temperature; and, in some instances the temperature of the boil has been rais ed ten degrees, as compared with adjacent soils not similarly treated. Dews and rains, also, during summer, are much warmer than tho soil, and in passing through it, part with ihn heat beneath the surface, instead of doing so, while running over the surface, as in bhallow plowed land. All the chemical changes which occur in the soil which are increased as before described, give out heat, und this tends to elevate tho temperature. The more rapid and constant decay of organic matter also tends to blacken the soil, and thus render it capable of

! receiving the lun's heat to a greater

depth. The freezing or such soils will be found to occur to a less depth than in sshallow plowcd land, for when winter approaches as at all other times, it contains no excess of water to be frozen; and during winter, the mellinir of snow and Ice cannass down througn tho soil, and bo delivered at t- -.Tl J I 1 e me unucr-orniiis, lasicau oi ouin" iroten when occupying the spaces be tween tho particles of iho upper por lions of the soil. SoiU not rnder-draincd, aro render ed cold by the evaporation of excess water from the surface The rationalt may bo thus understood. If wo wer. our hair, nnd then fan it, the head will bo cooled; for as the water be comes vapor, it takes present heat from the head, rendering it latent. If a bottle of water be surrounded by a wet towel, and placed in a draught of air, the evaporation from tho towel will cool the water in tho bottle. Tho samo cllect, and from the same causes, must occur from a surface-wet soil, where, as when under-drained, no exceea of water remaining on the lurfitcc, tlio mass cannot bo so cooled. Sixth. The carbonaceous portions of tho soil become increased by tho decay of a greater amount of roots. If wo admit that larger crops aro raised, of course we have moro roots as a consequence, and their decay must produce a largor amount of carbon. .'tactically, tho soil becomes darker, and by analysis establishes the above fact. Sixth. Lest manure is required to fertilise soils vo prepared. This must Lo evident, Grit because the aoil itself is undergoing more rapid chemical changes, and over a greater amount of surface, furnishing larger amounts of inorganio materials re3 uircd by plants, It also, from its eep diainiegrauon, becomes the store-house of larger quantities of carbonic acid, and ammonia received from the atmosphere, as well as from the decomposition of a larger amount of roots. And when other fertilizers ate added, they become distributed over a greater amount of surface; and there fore a larger portion is retained, than when in shallow-plowed lands, their gaseous products, after decomposition, aie lost in the atmosphere. Kighth. Thoroughly prepared toils never suffer from drouth. During drouth, when tho surface soils are dry, tho atmosphero necessarily contains the missing portions of water; and whenritr ij comes in contaet with a surface colder than itself, it de posits the water' Thus wo find drops condense on the outside of a cold pitcher; and thus we find tufts of grass, growing luxuriantly where fence posts have been removed nnd the holes filled up with loose earth. even in tho dryett weather for the arge amount of atmosphere that is passing through under-drained and sub-soiled land, must come in contact wuh surfaces colder than itself, . and there deposit the water. When so deposited, il is always highly charged with those gases which are mixed up with the atmosphere, and which nro retained by the soil. . . . ' Puno and Tenth. A less amount af seed will produce maxium crops. The sub-soiled meadows never run out. ' Thin sowing is now common in Eng land, on under-drained, and deeply disintegrated soils, Thus a singl-j bushel of wheat when sown in such soils, will throw out iUler-ruots, so aa to throw up plants, covering the va cantapaces; and a few quarts of seed tako tho place of a bushel. Iiut in shallow-plowed land this tilering will not take place to the same extent; for as soon as one root reaches tho cold solid sub soil, tho tillering of tho whole pUut ceasea, and it is for this reason that sub-soil meadows never run out; for if the crown of grass-root be abraded by the feet of callle, it immediately renews itself by tillering, which would not bo the case in shallow-plowed meadows. . . a a m Eleventh. A largo class oi weeds are destroyed by a thorough deepenning of tho soil, Including all those which frequently occur In sour and wet soils. As soils amend themselves by the natural progress consequent upon Iho uninterupled application of Nature's laws, as in deeply disintegrated toils, they loose acidity, and thus refuse to sustain these weeds which are of acid character, while the absence of excess of moisture docs not furnish tho con dition which many valuless plants requiro lor meir germination, in uuuilion to which, il may be said that soil which is properly prepared, is so much more easily tilled during tho progress of crops, that the greater in dustry removes all weeds, of whatever character they may bo. Twelfth. Under-drained and tubsoiled lands do not compact after plowing, from rains, to the extent that is noticeable with ordinary plowing only. If two barrel bo filled with sand, the one lightly thrown in, and the oth er rammed after every shovel full, and the loosobairel then bv Hooded with water and filled up with sand to off set for the settling, it will be found to contain a larger amount of sand of the two' for when every particle of the sand is suffused with water, so that the entire surface Is lubricated, they will settle to the closest tit, and become moro solid than any mechanical force, without wtter, could make them. In under-drained toils, the excess of water being removed and new portions received, even during violent rains, can only compact the immediate surface, for iho spaces between pa. -tides being all empty, water can pass down without any portion of the soil becomi.ig auffused. In addition to this, all the surfaces being humid, the water can travel overturn wilh greater ra pidity than if dry. In passing water tnrougn ury ton me particle naa to

become wetted before It will pass the next portion of water; and thus underdrained and sub-soiled lands do not

compact, except at' their immediate surface, and there to a much less ex tent than shallow-plowed lands,' over which the rami nasi. Thirteenth. The increased amount cf crops consequent upon such prepa ration, will enable the farmer to pay ten per cent., per annum, or more, upon tho cost of the undcr-drains, from the increased ratio of the crops, beyond tue expense! oi meir proauctions. This it a question which hat been practically tetiled by every farmer who has tried the experiment; and in England where the Government will advance to any farmer Iho necessary amount, to undcr-drain hit land, tak ing a mortgage for the amount, prac tice hat proved that the increased crop consequent on under-draining, has, in every case, enabled tho far mcr to pay up tho interest, nnd five percent more oi the principal, each year, leaving his farm increased In value at the end of the term, more than eounl to the amount of the mort?atre. t.:i- .v ! . . mine mi HBiion large ia enncneu, not only to tho umount of tho mortgage and interest paid, but Vy an increaaud interest for all time. Private compa nies, wilh large capitals, aro now es tabliahed in England, for loaning mon ev on under-drain mortcraircs; and Sf at Tf " en tho owners of hereditary estates are permitted to mortgage for the pur pose of underdrawing only, practice naving provtu mat tno vame oi tne estate is always increased tqual to the expense of under-drainine. fourteenth, twill to prepared wui improve more rapidly than any others, ... a " a even beyond the improvement of the first fewyears, which goci to reimburse the original expense, and thus in per petuity, increase the value of the land, moro than tho wholo cost of Underdraining. This will bo readilr understood, from the fact that the oiganlc matter must bo continually on tho increase, from tho decomposition of increased quantities of root in tho aoil, as a natural consequence of increased crops, while the preparation of tho inorganic integrants of the soil for plant use, must bear a timiUr ratio; for upon an increase of carbon must be an increase of permeality to atmosphere, with tu!erior conditions for all required chemcal changes. ' And the experience of the Yestr experimenton and others, clearly shows, that with an equal amount of fertilizing material added to that which would not improve shallow-plowed land, tho under-drained and sub-soiled portions are continually benefitting by increased capacity. Sixteenth. The net profit of six consecutive years, by under draining, is double the excess crops leading no portion of the expenses to bear upon them, other than in their harvest, from increased quantity. This it a practical question, which has been clearly settled by all those who have owned farms drained twenty yean ago. It should be borne in mind that but few crops give a net profit to tho grower, of more than twenty per cent of their gross amount; therefore, if the crop bo Increased twenty per cent, the profit is doubled; and we know of many instances where the Increase hat been fifty per cent, and in tome cases one hundred per cent. , . . . The difficulties which a fewyears ago surrounded tho practicability of under-draining, subsoil plowing, and deep surface-plowing, no longer exist I Drain tile are now made in all parts of tho Union, and at moderate prices. the machines themselves for making theso tile, can be purchased for about! one hundred dollars, and wherever a clay bank can be found, they may ba' put in operation, manufacturing many thousands per day. Cooks have been published, giving full and explicit instructions for underdraining; and in many localities the water discharged from one field may be used to iriigate another, which, if also under-drained, may be materially benefitted by such practice, particularly when in a permanent meadow. Ur tho uso of water rams, a portion ot the water may bo elevated for the uso of stables, etc. Tho old style sub soil plow which requires two or more yoke of oxen to propel It, has bucn replaced by the new lifting tub-soil plow, which may be run to any required depth, with a aingl pair of horses, mules, or oxen; and wo havo yet to find the soil where this implement cannot be used. Those who object to elevating the subsoil, or in localities where the sub-soil is of a kind thai thould not be raised which localities, by the by, are faw and far between may, with the lifting plow, disintegiate the tub-soil in its place, without elevating it all. Those also, who object to running over the surface-soil to any greater depth than they find a black mold, may disintegrate the sub-soil in place, and after such disturbance they will soon find the depth of their surface-soil materially increased, to at to warrant them in Increasing their plowing,, without a departure from their rule of being guided in the depth of plowing by the color of the toil. They may even disintegrate on old pasture without turn ing over the tod; for nt the plow it a gradual Inclined plane of only one and a half inchea rise, and alike on both its sides, it elevates the aoil for that distance, leaving it all frco above its solo, liko ihe toil above a mole track, without abrading the roott of the grass ; and the cut through which the upright knives of the plow travel, closing up behind it, leaves the whole surface of the field tub-toil, plowed, elevated one or two inches, and all in a softer condition of the aoil than from ordinary plowing, while the turface grass remains undisturbed; each root, however, having the soil loosened about it, giving free entrance for air and moisture, ao that the dead roott may decay, and thoso which ire in a

'growing condition take on new vigor.

Uno cut of this plow through tho m ddie of an old pastuie. will in ten days show a green strip, surpassing the rest of the field in verdure, and of about four feet wide. buch a plow may follow an ordinary surface plow, propelled by a separate team, with lis beam lying in the bottom of the furrow made by tho surface-plow, under cutting the land side in its travel, and causing the furrow to be lifted daring ill passago along beneath it, so as to soften and divide it, and render the next surface-plow cut capable of being performed with much less force, llut this tool is of comparatively little uso in soils requiring under-draining, as excess of water will soon settle tho soil, however well disintegrated. (Korrespnbcutt. Mc.NCir Oct loth 1855. Mr. Editor. Would your numerous readers bo willing to peruse a fuw lines from a Munch correspondent ? If ao, will you i-rant ma a short space in your columns. Presuming both of these lo be answered in the affirmative I will proceed. I suppose that all your patrons have beard of the town of Muncio, and pcrhapa know tomething of its character, but for tho benefit of those who borrow, or read at the barber shjp, let me say that Muncie it no one-horto town, neither is it situated entirely in the back-woods. Its railroad advan tages aro by no means meager, situa ted as it Is, on the Indianapolis and BellcfounUn road, C5 miles from In dianapolis, at its intersection with the Ft. Wavne and Southern railroad. Situated at the tamo time upon the banks of White river, it has abundant water priviliges which the entcrpii sing men of town have not failed to fnlrn ad vanl a r nf linvlnr rnlo.l nn. of the largest and finest Uouring mills in the State. Muncie is Ihe county teat of Dela ware co, a county, which in point of agricultural advantage!, is inferior to but few in tho State, affording good timber, ttouo and water, with a soil, which only needs proper draining and at a cultivation to make it produce fruit and grain of tho choicest qualities, and in great abundance. The farmers in the vicinity aro of a mixed class some rich tome poor, some Intelligent and tomo ignorant, A few hoaever, nwako to Iheir best interests, and to the welfare and happiness of posterity, have joined in 'he Cirmilinn nt n fiimltr A irrirnlf tirnl Society, the annual fair of which camo off last week. . From the amount of fine stock and excellent specimens of mechanical and agricultural productions that were on exhibition, I predict for Delaware co., an honorable position among tho coun ties of the State. Yet and there were the ladies with the productions of their hands, enlivening the whole affair by their presence. Thero were one or two departments that were not represented such at lady Equestrianww, and Big iMvym cravfiihing. Muncie numbers about 2UÜ0 in population, the greater portion of which, are of tho moro intelligent class. A portion however, as you will find eve rywhere, pay no regard to nny thing like moral or religious principles men who never read a newspaper or go to church; who worship tho Almighty Dollar more than they do Almighty God. . Buch men regardless of their aoula salvation, and the peace And hap piness of community, spend their lime foolishly, desecrating the babbath, and . .aa a a . 0 4 ngaging in all the vices ot tut nay. i They seem to think more of their hogs nnd cattle, than they do of their chil dren leaving them to run wild, as it were, entirely destitute of education or moral training. "When will men loam wisdomT ' At to the politics ot the people I can say but little, as they have been comparatively quiet on that subject. I judge, however, from the demonstration! of joy which were made a few evenings ago, upon the reception of the newt that Chase was elected Governor of Ohio, that they are smartly tinctured with Republicanism, from occasional remarks that I hear upon the streets, I am of the opinion, that there are tome here, as well as else where, who are of the regular douoh tactJ lrttd, Persons who will tacrihco every principle oi ... w . 7 SSI A honor or right for the emoluments oi office. Men who tuller tnemseivet to bo used as mere tools, for the perfor mance of party drudgery. Y hen will men learn to tfunk lor themselves t When will this nation be ruled by men of principle ? -1 have not seen a drunken man in town, which I am told could to fre Juently done, previous to the 12th of une last. Ono thing is certain that if men do drink moro liquor now, than ther did beforo tho enforcement of the Law, it has had some effect upon tho liquor which prevents it Irora making them drunk. But where is the man who candid lr believes that there it moie drauk now than before? II. 0. CuiCAuo, III., Oct. 19, 1055. Mr. Editor: An it it customary at the present day for great men lo re cord the leading incidents ana ooservationt of iheir travels, perhaps 1 may be allowed (though not claiming the above tittle) to fji Tour eR,Jv" lew oi tne ODservauons on ray juuruey to this place. Litt Thurtday morning about half after seven o'clock about 16 hours after I determined to tako the tripfound mo on my way to the city of Blooming Grove, and fioin thence destined to the much-talked-of land, Iowa. Soon after I arrived at Blooming Grove, I, in company with J no. IS. Clements and Joseph Wilkinton. look the hack for Connersville, where we arrived about 10$ o'clock without Lav-

ing io gee ou. ana wai uu uui-c After transacting some business and taken tome refreshments, we hailed for Cambridge City, where we arrived about 6 J P. U nnd having a little time to spare, Mr. Clements and myself walked around the town to see what improvements were vUiblc, and I must say, judging from it present appearance, that it has passed its xenith: and delapiJation is Its most prom

inent feature. About G P. M. we took Ihe cars for Indianapolis. Passing through this and the surrounding county in the dark, I can tay verr little about ihem, save the centra) depot at the Capitol is a grand sight by gas light, especially when filled by 3or 4 trains of cars, and passengers enough to fill them to overflowing. . But we had some trials, or to say the least ol it soma agrivations. At Indianapolis we changed tars for Lafayette, and if ever you went -in a "smoke wagon" that went slow and stopped often, you can guess how we fell. At Lafayette we changed again for Michigan City, and our success seemed no better, for about tlx in the morning we found ourselves too late at the passing plaeo, and consequently had to stop until the two o'clock train going tho other way had pnaaed, detaining ua , three hours at Westville, twelve miles from Michl gaa City. There was nothing very attracting At this point, only I thought It looked like a good place lor "agcrBut we At length reached Michigan City, and I must say that I wus sadly disappoiated. The City looks old and scaly, (lhat ia ao much of it as I aaw, for 1 was there but a little time,) and the country I must confess was such as I never expected to seo in Northern Indiana. It is nothing but white sand that drifts about like enow, and I can not think it will ever bo worth anything as an agricultural country, lire Jake however was grand, but as I sav but ittle of it At this Point. I sha desist saying anything about it here. We eft this point about 10 o clock the same day, and I reckon you will know how to aympatbizo with us if ever you were tacked on behind a freight tram as we were, and which under the circumstances was the best we could do. The hills of the country Or a considerable distance was as above described. Tho praries are wet und boggy. The country, however, has one redeeming quality which is its pine and cedar trees and bushes, which makes it possess at least a share of loveliness. After passing beyond theso fine forests I did not see a good tree for rails on my way to this place. The timb?r is scrubby oak the largest of which docs not exceed eighteen iuches. The prairies; so far at I have yet gone, aro wet and boggy; sometimes acres, and even sections are submerged in water from threo inches to one foot, and sometimes more. We passed through one portion of country where there was wood such as above described and sloughs alternately about every 5 or 7 rods, and they extended in length aomo of them as far as we could see. But we finally camo in tight of Iho lake again. This to mo was a grand sight, and I gated upon it until my vision liko a poet's dream, was lost in the b)uo mist. We arrived in Chicago about 5 P. M. Having traveled hours on 55 miles, I may safely say that it is emphatically the emporium of the North West. It is improving rapidly and the amount of business done is imruense Yours tc. J. II. MASTERS. Circulate the Bible. There Is no causo presents a xnoro interesting aspect to the Christian Philanthropist and patriot than the great Biblo cause. Upon its precepts and principles our free institutions are based. Its teachings and influence, more than any thing else, Ameliorate the condition of the suffering, and elevate the down-trodden and oppressed, and in it alone "we and Immortality are brought to light" the loat tinner returns to God, and man dies io cheerful hope of living forever in Heaven. The American Biblo Society is en caged in the rhilanlhropio work of giving Uia. uicsscu volume a wuquwido circulation, fjr this purpose it oporates through county and township auxiliary societies, and bpr a system of county and social agencies, the most of which are gratuitous, the cause is brought to every man a door and all the destitute are supplied. In carry ing on this great work a number of county agents are now needed in southern Indiana, men who 'love the Bible and who love our Lord Jesus Christ; who aro of good bubincta qualilicalions and industrious habits, who are willing to devoto themselves to this one work, to rise as early as the far mcr and work as late at the mechanic, aixdaya in every seven, at a reason Able compensation, and who will think as much or moro of this work than they will of the pay they are to receive for iL ; Persons of the abovo description, by writing to.tho undersigned at Mad ison. Indiana,' will recti vo any information in regard to tho businct that we can give. Papert in southern In diana who'are favorable to the : Bible causo, (and are there any who are nol?) are respectfully requested to givo thia communication a place in iheir columns. W. TERRELL, General agent A, B. S, South Indl ana. jtirOne of our exchanget, tpctking of the candidatea for the legislature in one of the couniiea of Wisconsin, says that J. M. Hoot it the Democratic, Robert Hogg the Fieo Soil, and T. 11. Dye the . Know Nothing candidate. Ho, with the voters, we suppose,, it will be Hoot, llofjj or Vyi, aud no mistake. ZrWhich can smell rat quickest the man who knows the most, or he who has the most nose?

v Stift Bliscdhnn. '

Frera the Kio.ai Free Male, fib In.t. - The Ronan Election This riJIculoui firco wa nii.i reenacted on Monday, 1st iniU It is Useless lo state that the polls were ac;Ain lnvadfj by armfe! hordes from Missouri. Large numbers appeared At all the votin g places near the? border, and cast their votes for Whitfield. the ruffian candiadte. As stated in another Column, there were 2 10 illeg tl votes cast at Wyandott, Thia waa a precinct in the Indian Torn Wyandot, within two miles of Kansas Ciiy, estublshed for the accomodation of foreign voters. At Franklin thero wcro about 80 votes polled; Lawrence; 41; Lecompton, 102. There were no foreign voters at this place; at the other places mentioned, thero were quite n number foreign. From all the information we can gather from the various places of voting we would b-i very safe m stating lhat full two-thirds or the votes for Whitefield were foreign. - Thia is now the third limn th-t these outrages havo been perpetrated, yet Gov. Shannon tsstill dmposfd to Justify all, We cannot understand what has got pos saion of the Guvemnif nt officials, that induce them to openly justify and encourage such outrageous conduct as has been practised on actual aettleraof Kansas. No honerable, tenable and patriotic man, could blame the projlo of the Territory if they shoulJ revolutioniz and endeavor to institute Agovernuacnt of their own, sine they can get no protection whatever from the tienrcral Government, at all. We nie now prepared for every thing that will reliev us from the oppressed condition in which wo are placed by the Administration. Virginna and Illinois. , At the recent election in Virginia the total number of vctes cast for Wisei and Flourney together, was 1 AC, 176 at the June election in Illinois on the probations law, the total number of votes rast, was 17U.910. The excess iu favor of Illinois, is therefare, 14,735, nnd represents on the usual average of one voter to six of the population, CG.UOO inhabitants in Illiinois, more than in Virginina. And yctlllino.s is ono of Virginia's children, and was an uncultivated wilderness when Virginia stood at the head of tho American confederacy. Hut far-seeing and immortal Jeuerson kept the institution of slavery from our borders, by the ordainnce of 179H, and our progress has been afeadly onward, while the "Old Dominion" lags behind. Other far-set ing and patrietlic wen provided for Kansas and Nebraska, a similar safeguard against the introduc tion of slavey; but a set of bunglers, headed by VicePrcsidcnl Atchion and Senator Douglas, who think that all wisdom will dio with them, were reck less enough to lay their ruthless hands upon it and tear it from the statute book. Tho country will long ask in the words of the National Intelligencer, "What good has il done; what harm has it not done?" Alton Courier. . A Noble Example. Many years ago, in nn obscure country school in Massachusetts, an humble, conscientious boy was to bo seen; and it was evident to all that his mind was peginning to act and thirst for some intellectual good. He was alive to knowledge. Next we see him put forth on foot to bettle in a reraota town in that Slate, and pursue his fortunes as a shoemaker, his tools being carefully tent on before him. In a short time ho is in business in the pott of county surveyor for Lite L 6 el J county, being the most accoroplihed mathematician in that section of the state. Before he is twenty-live years of oge, we find him supplying astron omical matter oi an aimantc, in ru'w York. . Next he is admitted to the bar a self-fitted lawyer. Now ho is found on the bench of the Supreme court. Next ho becomes a rurraUr. of the continental congress. Tbca he is ft member of the committee of six, to framo the Declaration of Independence, He continued a member of congress for nearly twenty years, and was acknowledged to bo one of Iho most useful men ard wisest counntlkrs of the land. At length, having discharged every ofiieo with a perfect ability, and honored in his sphere, the name of a Christian, ho died regretted and loved by his state and nation. Tnis man was itoger 8hertaan, Wo take particular satisfaction now and ihm, in chronicling tho eam-r of these selfmade men; and holding them up as bright examples for the youth of our lime to follow. Iiis the best service a journalist can perlorm for the good of tho rising generation. Wur Passmoks Williamson Ok iit to cm llt'Nu. Tho Philidclpha corrcsepondent of the And Slavery Standard relates the following story, which he saya is no made up affair, but a literal fact. The time placo and circumstances can bo given, if need be: "I have frequently during there discussions heard the conduct of Passmoro Williamson towards Col. Wheeler'a servants characbiiired as illtimed, but I never until yesterday fully understood ihe import of this phrase. Two men were Arguing this question, one of whom is a merchant on Church Alley. The discussion wat brought to a close by a deflaiation from the latter as follows: "Williamson ought to bo lung. Any man who would be guilty of such conduct, jutt at the ctniy tftkslall trudt deserves no pity.". - rrThe Albany N. Y. 1 Knitltrhotter eaya : "They have Just opened a publio reading room in Schenectady, New York- The contents consist of two almsnaca and an old dictionary. The Mayor thinks it will have a tend$ncy;to checkj immorality ia tin ycur.