Indiana American, Volume 23, Number 9, Brookville, Franklin County, 16 February 1855 — Page 1

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3 MX X.AI 0 tuncvtunt x. "WE ASK FOR NOTHING BUT WHAT IS EIGHT, AND WILL 8UBUIT TO NOTHING THAT IS WRONG." Gen. Jackson. VOL. XXI1L NO 9. BROOKVILLE, FRANKLIN COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1855. WHOLE NUMBER 1153..

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professional (forbs.

T B. DAVIS, K. D..-PHYSICIAN & SUK I. üfcUM. urrtua, v hit r.tdiiee, oraer o Mala and Jam ttru. Brook till, lad. T5L J. W."xXXlT,-"ClicK0.1 DKSTI8T. JU urrica, on iwr ouin 01 in ValUy HmiM.iP Ti. All wrk warranted. ! cbargt fortxaminaUoaoradvloa. 41-lr fmVS KTLOOÄX, JUS TICK c rmm PKACK, V 4 Attorney th Coin. Ilor at law, Brook ill, Inj. Urriri, South Kait corner of PublttSqaare. 43 IMS. TTT KOKSaW. ATTOKMYTcOUMskLT.UH AI LAW. Omit, '0. 7, llall( Illing, BfookftUt, Ind. 1 O Jt'kc. rnoo ksttajtjc-atto r s e r and 4.1. coL,.NKlXort A I LAW. Orrirt, under U Amr1can ufflo, Brookvlll, Irnl. 4.1 'U A LT. WARü, TTO R S K V A C O U 3 S E L 10 K I AT LAW. Ofrici, over I'owerV itoro, Urookvtile, lad. OSES J. KILLETi aITUKJIKY AT LAW NoT.IK I ULtO. O MIO I I OH drtOf eouta of Ute Valley Hoiih, Rrookvllle. Ind. Will lake acknowledgment of l)dt, Uk tad certify ttepotllloni, ASldarlU At. m ho k Ai j. whtte.-kotary punt.ic, X Lcw,lB., will Utk ilepoelllone and aoknowledjtutnU, and attend lo Notarial butluvti generally. HARRISON DIRECTORY. T flültT. DKALKK IS OKOCKKir.". AJIÜ JLv rritii, Market elreee, lltamnii, llmo, keaptoa band good aturlmtnlof all articles In it una, ALSO (antral t.eortmenl of rviiRiTvnni Wnlca h will iU cheap for eia or country pro da. ocltTU i M. TTILTOX TTJRMLL-OJ'K uuuM RAMr ur Aim Krug tut, iitaino, uhio, aier in AMERICA!1, FRK.YCfl AND ENGLISH DRY OOODX, Boa net a4 Boaat Trimming of all tytet and prteee Ladi, Mlaeiinl Children' tu kept contUoily on hand. oct7l m. litt, .Man, jl. wa n it an im ii'V Jl aw ixnnUvi I'm UK, LaJl DrtM(.oudi of tverj una. OroH, IUrdarar,4anwar,UooU, HUo Cart.lnff, At., Ullll M.llir MTtiaOT RTIIITf, HARRISÜX, OHIO. Osl 17 43 IUI Dl.Z.f. TULLia. UKAI.KK IM DIl'Ji.M, M4iuiuat, rii, OU,Varnl.l.ei,GU.i, 1J iufft, .. CoraarMala aod Markal UU, IIARRISOX, OHIO, et 87 43 1134 OinO nOTZZN-COK.OCR MAIN a makkkt Btrtwu, IIARRISOW, OHIO. D. riHLII, Proprietor Oct 37 43 l(U4 From IhtOifurd Montlnol. Oxford DiQcultic S ettled. In the first issue of tho Sentinel was a stAtr meat of the diflicult between the Trustees of the Oxford Femalo Institute, and a division of tho members of the two Literary Societies, connected with this institution. It eetns, however, th&t in somj of tho most importAut particulars wo were in error, and for tho pupose of being exonerated from any suspicion o( having willfully misrepresented the matter, we will state that during tho transaction of all tho littlo side-scenes that contributed to th" grand contest, ire wero "far from madning crowd's ignoble atrifa" quietly keeping "the noiseles tenour of our way to Liberty, Indiana. After returning to the tat of tear, we collected all tho incidents worthy of note, and, with an undue reliance upon tho correctness of our information, Imblished them. We regret execdingy, that we were guilty of any misstatement of facts. No comment was indulged in howevcr.for we were well pursuadedof its impropriety, under the irenmstance. Tho great evil in nil such ezcitcmenti is the influence of out-side pressure. Persons, virtually disinterested are allowed to interfere, alwari to the prejudice of ono party, and frequently with material detriment to the cause of both. We are positive that if it had not been for the curiosity and impertinance of meddlesome out-sidcrs, Oxford would not have been the sccno of such anjanfortunate and disagrecabo affair, as lately transpired. Tho ease of the "Oxford Femalo Institution against Marm L. Winston andCareio 0' Mayhew, acting for themaelfca and others members, of the Philalithciaa Society," was decided by tho jury rendering averdic vesting a right of possession of tho rropcrly in dispute, in the Trustees ot Oxford Femalo Institute This cao, together with five others growing out of it, was compromised by tho Attorneys. A Eighteous Mayor. Tha Mayor of Cincinnati must be an "honorable man," if thn CommerciaV report o( his conduct and motives be true. It says: Two meetings of tho hotel keepers of the city havo been holden, within a few days, to concert measures to avoid tho operation of the Tcmpcranco law. At both thcao meeting was present David T. Bnellbakcr, Mayor ol Cincinnati, itr. Hncllbukor is not tho keeper of a hotel, coOVo house, grocery, or restaurant. lie ii no so far as vo can learn, in tho liquor Iradu in any form whatever. What called David T. Snellbaker, Mayor of Cin cinnatl, to! tho meeting of tho landlords? Wo have been told and wo hro and hereby ask Mr. Mayor Snellbaker whether it bo truo or no, that ho inform ed the landlords on that occasion, that if they would yield obedienco to ccr tain municipals statutes in resard to tho Sanday sale of liquors, ho would employ his oflki.il power and puraonul influence .to prevent tho enforcement of the law of the state. Did you do it, Mr. Snellbaker? and If you did do it, why did you do it, Mr. Snellbaker? Municipal election is approaching. There is a Mayor to bo chosen. Ve cannot convince curiclve that Mr. Snellbaker U baoraut or oblivious of this interesting fact. Woaaixo Asiuals. Don't forget lhat worlinoranimaltof iuall kinds must be fed well; have warm, clean beds, cur ried twit-o a day, waterd thrico and salted twice aweck.

Original ottrj. SLIDING DOWN THE HILL-SIDE.

BY DEVIREUX MCUS.MX. "Rlnflng Ihroogn th forott." S4it. Khoaling Ilk th mLchlcf, Yalllnf Hkaloon Starting down tha klll-tld, Cural1y too loom Whlnluf llkarockut ni ai I Ulli la nlco. Rambling djwn th hlll-.Mo, Kliding on th lc. Standing on tho bill-tup, "Men of many mlmL;" Kliding dowji Ui hlll-.ld Plnd of many kind.; Soma of clumiy fashion, (Jolling many knock ThiO chlvalrlo allghr In a "dreadful bo." Uandy-Ivgfd fallow On broken chain Riggi'd Hill urcbla lUa a mind lotwtar, A a burly lighr Turno him awiT, And gallantly go by htm On a broken tray. Me another hopeful "Riding on a rail!' Barrel head and ihoveW Follow In hit (rail. Leg and arin.ar fljlng Merrily iboy go, Ultdlng bumjdng Jumping Rolling In tho mow. Larnd and grare Frofnr to a ditch up.et, f.oU lila beaver ballend, And bit broerhe wet! Riding on a ll' k of wood (ioiilleman well-bred Land among torn ladt lfaUorrbad. Haifa diuon nudoapi, On an txtrs ldg, Kliding down lh road-aide, ( Rather near th dge Rnrtly they goorrr, Nothing Iii re to hinder, Ulna met they are turning J.mrr-ieU la winter! Careful eounlr) editor, Walking down th bill, doing lo hi tupper, Thinking nought of 111 tileilge overUk hliu, Thro or four abrat See tho hnpttt.t tdllor lldlug with th real! Men of every itatlon 1'lajliig with th boy.; SUIl and qulol paopl Making lot of noli. Men of imM and gumption Kober-.lded men. Sliding down th hlll-ld Walking np ajstn. Win tor 'rr hi thouiaud In thlt mlmlo itrlfo: Thu w all are gliding Down Uiehill of lifo Meeting wtlhdlta.Ur, Ouffutlng wilh 111, Sliding rollln,- Jumping To Ut bottom of Itit bill! (Eloquent ibrtss. CONFLICT OF NORTHERN AND ' SOUTHERN THEORIES OF MAN AND SOCIETY UV IIEXRT WARD DEECnEIt. It is in this direction only, that the declaration of man's equality is truo. ; No heathen nation could say that "all 1 men are born free nn l equal" for in mcro earthly respects it is false, Eut it is a truth that stands only nnd, firm1 .1 1 I.' V iy muo o grami reunions wnica man sustains to Irod to eternitv, and to future dignity-all arc equally sub.ects of these. Man is ungrown. All his fruit is green. If U must stand by what he is, how surely must he bo givcn over to weakness, to abuse, to op - prcss.ons. The weak arc a natural prey to ihfi strong, and superiority is a n !r- i l?rnnny . .... : But if he be an heir, waiting for an ; nncmanco oi uou. eternal m ne , Heavens, woe bo to him that dar lay a linger on mm, occauso no is a ninon I dwell longer upon this view beI t 1 " causo it carries tho w orld's heart in it. lt9t ..... 0 rvemustaeepen ourtn.nu ngsoi min, anuooreioriue.pringsoi nocny wr a . r r c- a. a i-.i h(ilnw tlin ilrninino nf mirfjrn atrnta. t down deep, a - t , Ml 1 I Artesian, till wo stnko a -- . twiuetuu um utti uo ucygnu wmier or summer, frost or drouth. i - .1. .(..II L. I I T.I a L.I .1. -L .1 f . J

iuo noi otuieyemaiinero uiaoci.u v...i. i...- i ,i!..ik,...

tr.no of individual rights nor of c,l liberty that can stand outside of Chrislanity. Thry aro to bo seen revealed , in nature, but thcro is none to inter w u RU."-""iy- nnss w the World's Lmancipator, for ho hath drekrrd thnt mon !,..l.ne I Him. nn.t an oppressor nuts becomes a leion, a robber, and a wronger of God in tho 1 a m person of every poor and wretched victim! A Christianity that tells man what his origin is of Go J; his destiny to uoa ngmn; lm errana on earth, to grow toward goodness, and mako lho most of himself this Christianity n rank rebellion in despotitms, nnd insurrection on plantations. It cannot bo preached there. lueso two radical theories of manman, a physical creatures to bo iuJged by Qects produced in Time; or man, - : ' . I . . . i i n fpiniuai creature, 10 do juugeu oy the developcment to which he is destined, are t tho root of all lho antagonisms between the spirit of northern institutions and southern institutions; northern policy and southern po'.iey In the North, it is the public sentiment of the people, that all men are born free and equal; that every man has an Inalienablo light to life, liberty and tho pursuit of happiness, forfeited oaly by crime. ThoISorth believo that per sonal and political liberty aro not only the rights of man, but their necessity, that man cannot thrive nor devt-lop, with the true proportions of manhood, without liberty. It is lho northern sentiment that a man must be prewar-

ed Tor liberty, and that tho net cf birth 1 is that preparation; that no creature lives who is the better for oppression, and who will not bo tho better for freedom, which is the natural air appointed for tho soul's breathing. The north disdains every pretenso that men are injured by sudden liberty. A famished man may injuro himself by overfeeding; but that is an argument not against food, but against famine. It is tho northern cntiracnt, and justly deduced from tho Christian theory of man, that society should redeem all its own children from Ignorance, sho'd secure their growth, equip them for citizenship, and make all the influence of society cnuro to tho benefit of tho mass of rnt-n. The southern sentiment is tho rcverso of this. It holds that all men aro not born frco and cqua!; that men havo not an inalienable right to life, liberty and tho pursuit of happiness; and that men nro not in their very constitution Cited for liberty, nnd benefitted by It. They hold that liberty is an Attribute of power; that it is n blossom, which belongs to races, and not to mankind; that a part wero born to rule, and a part wero ordained to serve; that liberty is dangerous to tho many; that servitude, tho raoit rigorous, is n blowing; that it accords wi'h creative intellect of God, nnd with his revealed institutions ; that a nation cannot bo homogeniou, and should notaimntit; that thcro is a law and scale nf gradation, on which tho top is firivilega nnd authority, tho bottom utor nnd obedience. Thcso nro tho radical theories of tho icspcclivo sections of tho land. Men o.tcn nro profoundly ignorant of tho principles which control their policy, ns tho ship is unconscious of the rudder that steers her. Many aro found, both North nnd South, whoio conduct ("overrules their theory, and who arc better or worse than their belief. Thcro aro southern men who aro moro generous than their theory, mid there aro northern men who nro grossly untruo to tho northern theory, which" with their lips, they profoot. There nro southern men with northern consciences, nnd thcro nro northern men with southern conscience.. I) at, in tho main, these, respective theories reign nnd irgulato public procedure. There U not n man so poor in tho North, or so Ignorant, or so useless, as not to bo regared ns n Man, by religion, by civil law, nnd by public opinion. Seiiihnus and pride, Rvaiico and cunning, anger or lust, may pr,y upon tho lieedieasnesi or helplessness of many. Society may be lull of evils. But nil thcso things aro not sequences of northern doctrines, but violations of them. It sharks in great cities consumo thn too credulous emigrant ; if usurers, liko moth", cut the fabric of lifo with invisible teeth; if landlords tack their tenements und pinch the tenant. all thcso results uro against tho spirit of our law, aguinüt public feeling, and they that do such things must slink und burrow. They aro vermin that run in the walls, and peep from hiding-holes,

an'l wo 8ct P 'ür l,ltm ßS wo do für rats orwvezels. I3utin the South tho ' subordination of man to man, in his 1 earnings, hi skill, his time and labor in his person, his affections, hjs very children is n part of tho theory of society, urawn out into cxpucu statucry law, coincident with puplic opinion I and executed without secrecy. A net spread for those guilty of such wrongs , against man, would catch States and . Legislature?, citizens, courts, and Con stitutions! , In tho Noflh the most uselcss u lhat burdcn5 tho Alms-Housc-thc 't uncombed foreigner that delves I ia a dUclllho most ftb;cct crcatur0 , lhat b R morsd from Jdoor to door ,s t ftm and lhcrc is not in the. , ' alon but ft thJ blIc ,cntimt.nt ' racrt.jncs, 0f rhts which no man. ex t by Btcailhcftn vioiato m. punity. There is no other law for tho bovcfnor cf Ncw York or of Mas.acbu8ctl tllftn for lho beggcrs in your mtrmntm tk. '.i.. VU A 11U n iilVil IMUIVWVO IUU dwcllin - Rnd lho propcrty of lho rich man t0 thfl hov. el of tho beggar. Godsends but ono nnditü lho samo lizht that k n d,es inst lll0 rool of ' c mansion, UU4Y UpVU lliVH vat ItUki vi ,.. i, ttitü'n nnn V 1tfitK rf n tt f A uv ,bowcr9 tbo' 3'imti Reasons, summer lain niimi, And as is Nature, so in u fi f . . f . l0 bottom! Th . h fc , d lhe l efincd, the ttrttn ' . nftW ,1IlW tu mriLu ft L,.. may tcr uso of tho J air, but they havo no - oro . .( nrivllo0 lQ LrJathr. than ... " ' , " ,.i. I luw "' m.v-h. In the South, exactly tho rcverso is truo, not by stealth, not by neglect of n recognized principle, but ns tho result ot iiman i ideas, and by organized arrangements. Touch n hirelings wats, in the North, und tho law stauds to defend him and beat you down! Tuku lho labor's wages in tho South, nnd tho law stands to defend you, and beat him down! lieat n man, in tho North, for a private wrong done, and lho law will trik'.you. JJut in tho South, it is tho right of the white, unquestioned and unquestionable to beat every third person in tho community. Let thu proudest mill-owner break but tho kkinof the poorest operative in Lowell or Lawrence, und both 1-iw nnd pi'blto sentiment, alike, would grits p and punish him! hut in tho South the law refuses to look atanydegreu of cruelty in chastisement upon lhe universal laborer, ishort of maiming or death, and public sentiment is but littlo better than the law. Tho laborer in the North answers to n tribunal; in the South to a master, hwtv.d, passionato, vindictive injustice executed upon all sympto.u of resisting manhoodl In tho North, nothing is moro sacred

than a man's family nnd his children. It would not bo possible for n man to do public violence to a family circlo without vindictive penalty. Let him scparato n mother from her daughters, let him employ a hireling ruflian to carry oH tho toys into tho country and parcel them out there let him scatter lh? flock, and leave tho children motherless, nnd the parents childless, and what do you think would bocome of hint? In lho South it is a part of the civil rights of men to do thcso things 'whenever they pleaso. And though public sentiment is better than law, yet as no public sentiment on earth is A match lor legalized lust, or avarice, or tho grip of misfortune, thcso things aro continually done, and rcmorsely. Cruelty, chastity, virtue, do not mean the same things in tho South as in tho North. A man is not blemished by deeds and indulgences, upon n plantation, among slaves, which in tho north, would striko him through with infamy und houso him in lho penitentiary! In lho South, there nro many roads leading from tho top of society to the bottom, but not one, not onic from the bottom lo tho top. In tho North, if tho citizen choscs to wulk in it, there is a road from every man's door, up to the Governor's chair, or lhe Presidents seat! It needs no words now to convince you, that out of such different theories of men, thcro will exist, in tho North and in tho South, extremely different ideas of Society, Government, and Public Policy. In lho North, first in order of conMdcntion is man, tho individual man; next tho family, made of those of common blood, and by fir tho strongest, as it is tho most sacred of nil institutions. Then comes tho township, which presents tho only spcctaclo of an absolute political democracy, For, hcro.only, do citizens assembly in mass und votevdirectly and not by representation. Next comes Society at large, or tho muss of citizens grouped into States. And in society, in tho North, thero uro no classes except such as ariso out of spontaneous forces. Experience, wealth, ability set men above their fellows. Thcro they stand as long as there U n real superiority. hut they Htand there not by legal lorce nor to exercbo nny legal power or to lnvo ono Mnglo privilege or prerogative, which does not uclong just us much to every citizen clear down to tho bottom. All that a class means in the North is, that when men havo shown themselves strong and wise, men give them honor for it. Death levels it nil down again. Their childun inherit nothing. They must earn for themselves. Thero is no division of hociety into orders, by which somo have privilege und nomt have not, somo have opportunity und advantages which others havo not. In lho South, tiocicty is divided into two great und promiuent classes; the ruling and lhe obeying the thinking and tho working. Tho labor of tho South is performed by threo million creatures who represent tho heathen idea of man. All tho benefits that have accrued to man from CharUliinity, aro appropriated and monopolized by the white populatiou. litre is n scam that no sophistry can sew up. Hero is a society organized, not on nu idea of equal rights, und of inequalities only as they spring from diüorcncc of worth, but on an idea of permanent, political, organized inequality among men. They carry it so far that the theory of Slave law regards tho slavn not as an inferior man, governed; for his own good ns well as for the benefit of the society nt large, but it pronounces him, in reiterated forms, not a man at all, but a clutllc. When a community of States, by the most potunti.il voice of Law, says to the wholo body of its laboring population, Ye aro not men and shall not be; ye xuru ch'ilteU it is absurd to speal; about kind treatment about happiness. It is about cattle that they are talking! Our vast body of labor

ing men do not yet feel tho forco of such a theory ot human society. Dut, if lhat political system, which has openly been making such prodigious strides for the last lift j years, and off ccting, secretly, n yet greater chango in mca's ideas of society arid government, shall gain complete ascendency, they, in their turn, and in duo time will know and iscc tho dilleranco between n Republican Democracy and a Kepublican Aristocracy! Out of such original and radical differences, there must flow a perpetual contrast nnd opposition of policies and procedures, in the operation of society nnd of business. Vo will select hut a fow, of many, subjects of contrast, Work, Education, l iecdom of Speech uud of the press, nnd Keligion. I. Woi.k. Among us, and from tho hegining, Work has been honorable It has been honorable to dig, to hew, lo build, lo reap, (o wield thu hammar nt lho forgii, and lho saw at tho bench. It has been honorable bocutiso our people havo been taught that each man is set to in ut o tho must of himself. Tho crown for every victory gained in n struggle of skill or industry over matter is placed upon the soul; und thus umong a freu people industry becomes education. It ii tho peculiarity of Northern labor, that it thinks, it is Intelligence working out through the hands. Thero is more real thought in ft Yankee's hand than in a Southerner's head. This is not truo of u class, or of single individuals, or of single states. It pervades tlu nir. It is Northern public sentiment. It springs from our ideas of manhood. Thcao influences, acting through generations, have beun wrought into tho very blood. It is in the stock. Go whero you will a Yan

kee is a working creature. lie is tho honey-bee of mankind. Only Work is royal among us. It carrie? tho sceptre, andchanges all nations by its touch, opening its treasures, and disposing its secrets. hut with all this industry, you shall find nowhero on earth so Utile drudging work as in tho North. It is not tho servitude of the hands to material nature. It is tho glorious exercise of mind upon nnture. They vex nature with incessant importunities. They are always prying, and thinking, and trypsin California, gold is found in quartz formations, hut, in Now England, and tho freo invcniivo north, in tho geology of industry, gold is found everywhere in ryo straw and bonnets, in leather and stone, in wood, felts and cloths: in wood, in stono, nnd in very ice. It is wrapped up in the beggar's raiment, which unroll in our mills into paper yesterday, a beggars feculent rags; to-day, a newspaper, conveying the world's daily lifo into twenty thousand families. And so great nro tho achievements of labor that everybody honors it. It stands among us ns an invisible dignity. Four rpirits there are thatrulo in New England-religious social virtue, intelligence, and work; and this last takes something from them all, and is their physical exponent. So that not only is work honored and honorable, but tho want of it is an implied discredit. Tho presumption ia always against a man who docs uot labor. In the South, tho very rcverso is truo, as a gen real proposition. It is true, becauso labor is tho peculiar badgo of Slavery. It docs not stand, ns with us, a symbol of intelligence, but a symbol of stupid servitude. It is tho business of thoso whom the law puts out of the pale of society and accounts chattels, nnd who, by tho opinion of society, aro at tho bottom, and under tho fret of respectablo men. To work is, therefore, prima facie evidences ol degradation. It is ranking oneself with a slavo by doing a slave's tasks; as eating a beggar's crust wilh him would bo n beggar's fellowship. hut this is not the whole roason, nor

the chicfest and moro potent reason of me uiiierrnce oetween puono reeling about work North and South. Tho ideas of men in lho South do not inspiro any such tendency. Men uro judged there not by what they uro to be, but by what they can now do. Only such things ns have an echo in them, that reveberate in lho car of pub lic opinion, that produce an cflkct of notice, honor advancement m the opinions of men, aro relished. In the North, men are educated to bo something, in thu South to iecm something. The North tends to doing tho South to appearing. And both tendencies spring from lhe root of opposite theorics oi men ana notions oi society. Ami ir i thi innnfo hfrn.H?itrv in.

disposition to work that, after all, is must bo. The restrictions which keep tho greatest obstaclo to emancipation. I t ota tho slave will keep it from the Laziness in the South and money in j whites, excepting, always, tho few who tho North aro the bulwarks of Slavery! I live at the top. There cannot bo an To take away a planter' slaves is to ! atmosphere of intelligence. Slaves cut oir his hands. Thero is whero he j would be in danger of breathing that, kept his work. There is nono of it in ! There cannot be a eommon public Benhimself. And it is this, too, which j timent, a common school, nor common leads to the contempt which southern edicatlon. Knowledgs is power not people feel for northern men. They j only, but powder, nutting the South m nro working men, aad work is flavored , lhe risk of being blown up, by careto tho Southerner with ideas of igno- lesshandlingand too great abundance.

ruiny, of meanness, of vulgar lowness. Neither can they understand how a man who works all his lifo long can bo high-minded and generous, intelligent and refined. Not only is thcro this contrast in dignity of work, butevtnmorc in rights of Industry. Work, in the North, has responsibilities that are prodigious educators. We ordain that a man shall havo the fullest chances, and then ho shall have the; results of his activity. He shall take all ho can make, or he

shall take the whole result of indolence j onward. If tho elections had been It is a double education. It inspires held the first week of the session, the labor by hopo of fruition, and intenei- business would havo been far in advano fics it by tho fear of non-fruition. '0f batit now is. Tho South havo their wholo body of .There was one of tho numerous cplaborers at work without either respon- j isodcs common in legislation, this week, sibilily. They cut it off at both ends. 0r rathCr an unusual character. A They virtually say to tho slave, in re- J bju wa, introduced to prevent the ality, "ho lazy, for all that you earn ' operation of tho Sabbath. Mr. shall do you no good; bo lazy, for, ; nume, an inYetcrate Oldlincr, introwhen you arc old and helpless we aro duccd a resolution striking at all colbound to tako care of you." lections made on that day, and making It- is this apparent caro for the help-! them actionable. Mr. Hume is an lessness of slaves, that has won the ! old times haptist minister, of tho sort favor of many northern men, and of j which Wilson Thompson represents in somo who ought to havo known better . your county. He is conscientiously the effect of taking off from men the ! opposed to paid clergy and prohibitory responsibility of labor, in both ways, ' liquor laws. This time no let his its fruition and its penalty. Once de- j coulter in a little too deep. Tho Hon. cluro ia New York that Government ; (??) Thomas Walpolo came to his reswould take caro of poverty and old cue, and modified the resolution, and age, sons to make it honcrable, and it then defended it in a set speech. Of would bo n premium upon improvi-! courio it was tabled. Tho reported dencr. Withus.it is expected that proceedings show which way Messrs.

every man will work, will care, will' lay up, will deliver his family from publio cheritv. There is, to bo sure, an Alms Houso to catch all who, by misfortuno or improvidence, fall thro, hut such is lho publio opinion in favor of personal independence springing from industry, that a native born Am - erican citizen had rather dio than go to an Alms Houic. Foreigners aro our staple paupers. Our charity feods tho noor wretches whom foreign slaverv has crippled and cast udon us. hut lho whole South is a vast work 4 a a house for the slave while young, nnd a vast nlms houso for him wIicq old; nnd neither young or old, is ho permitted to feel tho responsibility for labor. And this, too, explains tho apparent advuntug which lho South has over tho North in tho matter of pauperism and distress. Tho northern system intends to punish thoso who will not work. It it not a system calculated for alaves nor for lazy men. If indo lenco comes under it, it will tako lho penalty of not working. And nowhero else in the world is the penalty

of indolence, and even of shiftlessncss, so teruble as in tho North, as nowhere clso is the remuneration of a virtuous industry so ample and ho widely diffuaed. II. Thero is just as marked aeon trast upon the subject of education, and especially of Common Schools. In live North wo havo Common Schools. This is more than a school. It is more than a publio school. It is a Common School, in distinction from n select or class school. It is a publio provision for bringing together, upon a perfect equality, tho children of the rich and the poor, the noble and ignobio, the high and the low. It is a provision of our institutions, by which every generation is led to a line and made to start equal and together. Thcie will be inequality enough as soon as men get into lifo. Some shoot ahead; some, like dull sailors in a fleet, arc dropped behind, and men aro stattered all along the ocean, hut tho Common School gathers up their children and brings them all back again to take a new start together. Thus our schools are not mere whetstones to tho intellect; they are institutions for evening up society; they resist the tendency to separation into classes, which grows with the prosperity of a community; they bind together, in cordial sympathy, all classes of citizens. For nothing is moro tenacious than school day remembrances, and tho last things that we forget aro playmates and schoolmates. Tho South may havo schools, hut never Common Schools. Tho South has no common people. Thcro can bo States, there, but never Commonwealths. Thcro is no connon ground, where the theory of society grades men upon a perpendicular scale. It is a society of classes, and a society of classes can never be a community. When tho whole labor of a State is performed by a degraded class, that aro not included In the Stato as citizens or social beings, It Is impossible but that tho class next above thorn shauld feel tho force of thoso theories and ideas which havo produced such a state of things, it is so. The poor whito population of the South is degraded They aro ignorant ihey arc not fertile in thought or labor. They are not so low as tho slaves, nor so high as thoso who own slaves. There are threo classes tho top, tho roiddlo and tho bottom; and two of thee, tho top and bottom, being fixed and legal, the middlois modified by them both. In such a Society, there cannot bo a Common School, in any such sense as wc mean it. . Indeed, there cannot bo general education in any Stato whero ignorance is the legal condition of onehalf the population, ns is tho enso in many Southern Stntcs. Ignoranco is nn institution in tho South. It is a political necessity. Lis as much provided for by legislation nnd by public sentiment, and guarded by enactments,

as intelligence is in the North. It (to be costi rued.) (to r rtsponbeuce. Special Corrtipondtnot of tho American. Letter fron Indianapolis. Rtop Iba foedl-Llont of the Routt! Dr. Dally Cor. Wright; hit good quallüt! Slavsry Dltcuatlon Tmpranet Dill School Law 8upreuit Court Macaulay McCormic'a Pottry. Ikdiasapolis, Feb. 3, 1855. Thn tida of Lerrial&tian drifts slowlv Jeter and Aliller voted. The leading men in tho House, as nearly as lean report, aio Oldhno Messr. Hum phrcy, Walpolc, huskirk, and Hume. j The first name is ft man of violent ' prejudices and but limited reading, but is possessed of active powsr, is a ' ready debater, and sometimes makes 1 a good hit. Walpolo is too well known to need sketching. Ability ho surely j has -at least omt. hut ho is the j typo and cmbodyracnt of tho unscrupolous demagogue. He would bo the .1. eauer oi mo minority ii ne couiu; . m f II. but they revolt from the sway of such a chief. Mr. liutkirlt is, 1 believe, a lawyer. Ho makes a good appearance is easy and somewnat polished in his address is a ready debater, and when called to the Chair, as he sometimes is, is a good presiding officer. Mr. Humo has been sufficiently indicated above, .and with that notico I dismiss him, only adding that a more hard-headed, obstinate old Hunker don't vegetate in that benightod region of the Stato represented in your I columns by "Baker.1

Among the Fution men are Kilgore, Test Meredith, Hudson, Murray, tc. Most of thcso are too well known to your readers to need description. Tho Hon. Mr. Speaker, 'Mr. Kilgore, is, despite the ill-natured note m your columns a short time since, a good presiding officer, and a good debater, fest and Meredith aro well known in the valley the first for being handsorae.f? and tha second for being so sAorf () Hudson, from Vhjo, is an active and useful member, lie is also marked as the best looking man in the House!! What Ray you to tho rest? Murray, of Howard, is tho best'off-hand debater in tBo House He is ready speaks with energy and don't get mixed. Ho is a superior presiding officer. If ho lives ho will vet bo a man of mark in the State. I may hereafter give somo "off-hand takings" of the Honorable Senate from its illustrious President on vp! Tho Rev. W. M. Daily denies having been a candidate for U. S. Senator says he never sought tho office directly or indirectly, and that nono can sny so truthfully. This disclaimer I deem it due him to mske. Yet, the statements in my last letter trers true thus far: His narao has been prominently before the Legislature ho fiat laid that with so many fusion votes ho could bo Senator, hut we rejoico at his disclaimer, and tako pleasure in giving it publicity. Governor Wright and his Lady are displaying their wonted hospitality to tho members of both Houses and visitors and strangers. Tho Governor may havo his weaknesses, and I think his copious and fretful denunciation of of Know Nothings is one, from tho way ho docs it, but he has many redeeming traits. His hospitality, comfiared with somo of his predecessors, highly commendable; and, in a city liko this, where thero is such a tendency to transfer nil caro of strangers to tue hotels, is beneficial. None can dony his steadfast and abiding zeal in tho causo of agriculture. Then too, his recommendations in regard to tho Penitentiary and houses of refugo for

juvenile ollcnders aro wise and statesmanlike. This much I say in all jus tice, and add that Governor Wright a . va has been Industrious and earnest in ti e dischargo of his official duties. It was an error, nnd a great ono that he allowed himself to play tho part of a ptrlizan in li e late canvass; but ho keenly felt tho rebuke of tho people. May Indiana never have n worso Governor than Joseph A. Wright! You have, ero this, accn tho account of tho debato in tho House on the Missouri Compromise Tho scene was one of great interest lho lobbies wero crowded almost to suffocation the Senate was present in force. At ono time there seemed to bo dinger that tho friends of freedom wero about to bo divided; but they came together and disappointed the exultation of their enemies. True, the resolutions failed, but not because they had not a majority, but they had not a consti tutional majority. Several Republican members wero absent. The resolutions will Again come up, and then they will pass. Ono or two men voted against them who were elected on the anti-Nebraska ticket. I forbear comment as thcro may have been good reasons; The Temperance bill has been reported and ordered to bo printed. As it will be before tho people, in a few days, in an authoritative form, I shall not give a synopsis. It already gives the liquor-dealers almost fits. I am afraid that there will be an amendment giving such men as somo of your hrookville "Grocers;" f??) several months to wind up. God forbid that it should be so. Tho School Law question still hangs in an unsettled condition. The difficulty is how to frame something which Perkins, Davidson dc Co. cannot des troy. T ho plain import or the Uon-1 stitution is no guide. The astute judgr es discover recondite meanings bidden to all creatures beside. They remind us of Macaulay's description of the followers of hentham and Mill: 'They havo been raised from the insignificance of dunces to tho dignity of bores." I ought not to devote so much time to this Court "The game isn't worth the candle." Some years ago lived in a county of this State, an Old haptist Preacher of tho Hume type, who railed at "lsrnla" and every thing of the sort. At one of his meetings one day was present a gentleman named McCormick, who grew heartily sick of the tirade. Drawing his pencil and tablets, he penned the following: "If t'r th Lord chould nd an m, II na4'nl b delay In r II only ood tt look tbi way, For lot oM.Markland'ibr.)lr.f'," Can you mako the application? Don't go and say it applies to tho writer not by lhe most manner of means. qui viva. Letter from Centreville. CiNTKiviiLE, Ind., Feb. 3, '65. Mr. Editor: Knowing the lively interest which you ti.ke in the great temperance reform, I thought that you would bo plcaaed to receive a brief account of tho transactions of the ladies of Ccntreville, in regard to the liquor trafllc. They have been directing threaten ing looks and words atthe liquor shops for somo months past. On last Saturday night, they camo to the conclusion lhat forbearance was no longer a virtue A committee of ladies met on Monday morning: a petition to tho liquorsellcis was drafted, the town divided into wards, and sub-commitccs of two for each were appointed, who visited every family and obtained three hundred and seven signatures. There were only five or six females who re-'

fused; and it is worthy of remark that tho wives of the liquor sellers, with perhaps a single exception, all signed

ine pennon, ana mamiested a warm interest in tho success of the causeGreat consternation was exhibited br some of thoso engaged in tho infernal tiaffic when they heard what was troinir ' on; and they most gallantly vindicated mcir laucnng courage oy threatening mj suooi mo nrsi iaay mat snouid presume to enter their shops. - Two or three men (I), who aro not engaged in the traffic, also made themselves notorious by seconding their Tain boast and abusing the ladies. It was decidedly rich to see, afterwurds. the rapid crawfishing of the vain boasters. When the hour of trial cam fear and trembling seized them. The remit clearly proved that no liquor seller or man who lives by the ruin of the souls and bodies of others, nor any of their abettors, can bo truly brave. Tho la dies, undaunted by the tcrriblo atUtude they had assumed, and in despita tho "well-loaded guns and pistols,", which wero said to bo rcadr. rroctcd-" ed to each establishment, presented the petitions, with the signatures, and gave them forty-eight hours to furnish ihoir reply. The ladies, about twenty in number, were kindly and cautiously received at most of the places. One locked his front door, made good his escape from the rear of his shop, and cut the snow fast. Only at two places "of tho baser sort" were they assailed with rough and disrespectful words. After tho expiration of fort.irAt hours, a committee of two went round again to receive the rcsnonses: and all' except two, signed a pledge not to sell, or give, to customers or friends, or any person whatever, any intoxicating drinks. : Four signed on condition lhat the ladios would purchaso tho stock on hand, which was small. Two refuted to sign on' any terms, alledging that they kept and sold it tometimt as a medicine, and they would not obligate themselves for tho future. These two wero Myers Seatondt Co., and Wra. C. Harvey the latter of whom, at tho first visit,' said ho did not keep the article. At the second visit, tho ladies found at Mr. Harvey's a barrel of "good old rectified whisky;" ho s'atcd, when the ladies asked the privilege of seircb, that he kept a littlo for his country customers. , . On Friday night a general meeting was held at the M. E. Church, for the purpose of hearing the report of the. committee, and to consider what further should bo done. An immense congregation assembled, and tho highest enthusiasm prevailed. Tho report of the committee was read, and a number of short, pertinent, and stirring speeches were made; and a collcclion'of over sixty dollars was taken up to buy out those who had signed the pledge This is truly a proud day for the citizens of Ccntreville. It would have dono your heart good to have been here during the past week, and witnessed the calm, kind, yet fervent and determined teal of our noble women. All praise to their noble efforts! May God bless tliem, and crown their causa with triumphant success! I felt, and I am suro that every father and brother felt, that it was an honor to bo a citizen of Ccntreville, and associated with such spirits. We are looking forward with great interest to a Jubilee which we expect soon to hold oyer the funeral of King Alcohol. SPECTATOR: ' LATER! CZXTRSYILLZ, Feb. 6. 5 The tragedy is over! The funeral of the great monster has inst been celebrated. The liquor traffio in this place is ended for the present at least, and wc hope, forever. Yesterday the committee of ladies met for the purpose of considering the oe course 10 pursue. Tbey tnado arrangements to purchase tho liquor which the dealers had on hand. At 10 o'clock to-day they went round and gathered up lho kegs and barrels and decanters. They sold to tho druggists that which was for medical purposes,1 and the remainder was deposited in the street, near the Court House. In making their examinations, the ladies found one who had watered his whisky until it had frozen, and thus he had increased the amount to considerably more than he at first reported. They accordingly refused to pay him his price; and as he was disponed to parley they promptly told him that it "wan no use," and immediately rolled out his barrels, and placed them in a wag on, and then helped him in, and took him along to the place of deposit. ' Tho bell of the Court llouso was then tolled, and the citizens collected from every part of the town. -The College and schools adjourned, and the men, women and children, in vast crowds, came together. Afire was kindled, and when all was ready, the ladies, furnUhed with hatchets, knock ed in the heads of the barrels and CRbks, and the whisky was poured on the fire; but it extinguished; tho fire; . "it wouldn't burn!" Threo cheers were then proposed for the ladies of Centreville; and such, a shoot long, hearty, and loud went up from the cntiro multitude, that it mado the welkin ring. The crowd then quietly I distorted in the greatest good humor, onllBUCU mm liJCLuacivca, buu givnw delighted with the stand that the ladies had taken upon the liouor question. A publio meeting will bo held to-night, to concert measures for the future Whilo the liquor was flowing and decoloring the snow, it was somewhat amusing to see a few of tho old topers looking, with sad countenances and longing eves, st the destruction of lb J "O-be-joyfull" SPECTATOR. , Good for Old Ccntreville E n.

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