Indiana American, Volume 21, Number 48, Brookville, Franklin County, 18 November 1853 — Page 1

f -. p 4 vrr j BY T. A. GOODWIN. BROOKVILLE, FRANKLIN COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY -NOVEMBER" 18, 1853. VOL. XXI. -NO. 4$.

Tk rrtiinr - AN ADDRESS Delivered Uort the Franklin Co. Agricultural Society, mi Metamorm Saturday Nov. M, 1853, J. R.Uoodwiii, M.I). M. PrIMDIHT, AID GCSTLKKKX OF Ms Aokici'LTUxal Society In electing th subject of the fertility of soils, and the means for maintaining that fertility, for the regular address, I have bees influenced by the fact that there was no committee appointed to report on the subject for this dsy'js discussion, which la manures 'their production and application. A paper on the fertility of soils, and the means of malntalng that fertility, taust of necessity answer the two-fold purpoae of a regular address, and a report on the subject of manures. There Ii t very wide difference be tween the ages of the Art of Agriculture, and the Science of Agriculture- The former has existed ever since man began to catch and tame wild plants. The latter only since the natural science genera lly, nd chemistry the especially, came in to xplaln and to teach. The Art taught the fertility of the oil, and found out tho advantages of follow, and the rotation of crops, and the necessity of manuring. The science .'arches out the cause ofthat fertilityteaches the theory of fallow iimructs in the rotation of crops, and directs, with an unfailing certainty, in the application of manures. The Art considered the soil itself aa the twntial, in the production of crops. Here the science differs

widely, and considers the mass of the ordinary soil as coi'trbuting nothing to nutrition of plants, more than docs the lamp Itself which merely holds the oil, contribute to the production of light. Following the directions cf practical farming, or tho Art of Agriculture, the moat contradictory results are orten obtained, and many a farmer has sadly experienced the fact It la frequently only after tie lapse of a long time, .and after series of successful and unsuccessful trials, thst it is at last found! out which toil will suit this parti:ular plant and which will not. A celebrated writer on agricultural chemistry has aaid with reference to aimllar (acts: "All this may be obviated and the question determined at once, by burning the plsnt, examining its ashes, and carefully analysing tho soil; this will enable u to determine w hether a given field will repay tho cultivation or not." The fertility of the soil then, aa taught by scientific sgriculture, la in direct ratio to the amount and varle'.y of the elements necessary to the production of plants it contains; and though; it may fail on the production of one species of grain, It is no conclusive evidence yet gainst Its fertility. It Is very evident that in the aoil snast be contained all the elements that go to constitute tho pro- . doced plant, except that furnished by the atmosphere; and it is equally as evident that the soil is Impoverished, just to the mount of the material furnished to any given crop. II we then assume that all jsolls are equally fertile, and puseeesod of tVha lime dementi, (which is in erroneous assumption,) then a very limited class of experiments would teach us all that was necessary in tnsintuiniug that fertility against the exhaustion ot crop, and hues practical agriculture would become scientific agriculture. This difTsrsace In soils however, exists; and tjpon tail (lilfcrenco must be based ill, or principally all that ever will be known aaiclcniiuo agriculture. The fertility of soil is , an expression that hae reference to its power of producing vegetation. The term Is a relative, and not a positive one, for some eolla may be fertile with reference to aome crops, and not at all so with others, or, it msy be espsble of producing one crop of a certain kind of grain, and the elements of that crop be so Ur exhausted that there could not be another crop of the eaine grain produced without again aupplylngto the soil, the necessary constituents. A perfectly fertile ajil, If such there Is, must be one that possesses, an illimitable amount of the uecesiary mineral constituents to produce, and on, successive crops of the same cereals continually and forever, without any necessity or arunclai am. As we have no auch soils, it becomes of ereat practical Importance to inqulro how !

tends are impoverished and by what stant drain upon t"ie soil under cultivameans their fertility may be restored. I tion suggested the necessity of a fertilThe treasures of the earth are exhaus- Uer and common manure were found ted just aa the treasures of a capitalist by lo answer the purpose. Recently howgiving more than receiving. The farm-! efc' science has defined the way In

er that plows, produces, carries off and Iis, without restoring any thing to hia land, is aa certainly selling out, aa if he aold ace by arce; and in a longer or shorter time, in proportion to the origiinal wealth of hia land, he will find himself without a farm, aa certainly as the monied man, constantly outlaying, and a a a . a a . not receiving, would find himself out of a fortune having only the purse that contained it. Against this ultimate ten deney both practical and scientific agriculture contend, either by fallow, rotalion of crops, or by manureing. The latter mode however ia the only means ot fully compensating, for the gifta of the field, and it is here that the science agriculture promisee to aid the tiller of tho soil more than in any other way. The term "fallow" is, I believe, generally considered synonomous with rrsf ; and when practiced by the farmer amounts to but little more than the rest of the field, during the time that it might have produced one crop. This is a widely different meaning from that given to the word in early ages. Thaer, in hia "Principles of Agriculture" Ulla us that lands, in "fallow," were worked harder than any other lande by the Romana. But they were not required to produce. The faUowingot a field required, upon the authority of Roman

w uar a, six SluercHl piuwiua. inc uu iu aturo. i uuucisbanu irom tne IUI uicr ject waa, which U the true object of Mfal- treatment of the subject by them that lOW, to entirely pulverize the soil and ' humus Is the product of decay that has ofteo bring lu particles to th. surfaco (rone on since the first moss was prowber they saay h sxpoaed to tba ao- duced upon tho naked rocks of a newly tioa Oi th. atmospere,and tot ouly eo, created earth, until the aoil is taken Hy bat frequent stirrings, and perfect pulvcr- man and liie production thereof carried Ising haatens the aatural procea of deg off. This then I repeat is the element raid ion, that is, the desolvlngof the so- of a! I fertility. It lathe greet natural luble mineral, contained la tho toil, by manure provided to fertilize the soil for which alkaline aalte and soluble silica our possession. It is upon this subart formed, and these are the most im- stance that we begin to operate In our portant ingredients for the growth of agricultural labors, and as we produce plants. I from this and carry away we begin to It caa easily be seen what good we ex- impoverish tho soil which ultimately (iect to derive from fallow in reclaiming ' requires the application of artiflcal manands, but the mode practiced by ns gee-, urea. .rally, amounting only to a seaaon of Artificial Manures may be divided in rri, cannot compare, In utility, to tha generst classes vegetable, mineral and eld method of frequent stirrings, from animal. (he fact that while lying in a state of - By far tho mott Important to ua la the

rest, the procesa of decomposition ia very tardy, when compared to what it would be under the old method. But science when applied to agriculture has taught that fallowing may bo measurably dispensed with. There are aubstancea now known which, beiog'spplied to the soil, act chemically upon the aoluble bases, and thus produce at once the very elements of vegetation which are so difficult of production by the most careful fallowing. Aa an instance: chemistry teachea that lime possesses the property of decomposing the silicates of the soil, and thua hastens the production of the soluble saline constituents which are indispensable t vegetable life, and which may have been previously extracted by cultivation. Tho second method of restoring impoverished lands is by tho rotation of cropsThis however is in fact not a restoration, but a relief to lands from i constant drain of tho s'etnents of fertility by a constant production of the same plant. Thcro was once a hypothesis, somewhat popular, that all plants, in growing, secreted, or threw ofT from the roots, and deposited in the aoil, certain matters which wss injurious in the production of

any succoeuinn crop of the same xuid of plant; but tha'.the same matter might bo Venwficlal to i crop of a different plant. Hence vaa at gued the necessity of the rotation of crois. This theory arose. I imagine, from 'the practical farmer who knew the utility of the rotation of crops, without being acquainted with the acta al cause. Bearing in mind that every crop re moves from the toil certain ingredients, and auo that difTerent grain requires vo ry different Ingredients for their produc tions, the benefit of rotation is at once very manife4t. . If, forexarople,we take t piece of ground that possesses tne salino materials for the production of a single crop of wheat, it would be ao exhausted by the production of one crop that another would not grow upon it, and yet this soil msy still contain abmdant mineral constituents for the production of a good crop of clover. A piece of ground might be entirely exhausted of its sileca by the production of any of the cereal, and yet it would produce a (rood crop of potatoes, without silica if it possessed the salts of potash, soda, lime and magnesia. Tho benefit of the rotation ofcrooa is thereforo evident, when it la the object to put the soil upon the greatest possible system of yielding, without (riving any thing back. In rotation, the object of Tallow is In a incisure obtained, for instance, if the ground that had been deprived of its sileca in the production of wheat, was put to the production of clover, which requires no silica or potatoes which according to Lie beg reqnires more, It would follow of course that silica would be formed by degradation the samo as when In fallow, until a sufficient supply would be formed to produce again a crop of wheat. Hyitcma of rotation havo been adopted, and rules given, but it Is very evident that no gmoral rule can bo given. K very kind of land requlrcrs a different kind or system or rotation according as It differs In Its elementary constituent; therefore every farmer must arrange his own system according to hla especial knowledge ofthi nature and composition of the soil he cultivates. The third means of maintaining the fertility of anils Is bv manures. This too Is the more Important moans as It accomplices fully the ends proposed by both fallow nd rotation. In fact auch U the demand, In our climate, for contlnual harveala, and those harvest so constantly withdrawn from tho aoil no great an amount of Its mineral constituents, that a want of them will ere long be sensibly felt, and as fallowing 1 defective and tardy and rotation uncertain, It will soon become as it Is already In New England and elsewhere the principal object of the ftrmer to supply artltlc laity those aubstancea that have been takon away by the crop. The application of mtnures was not adopted originally from any theory. It has been.practlced since the history of egrlmlturo began. . Holy writ has many references to the practice. Tho practical experience of thousands of yesrs has established tho benefit of employing an imal excrements, decayed vesetat on. straw,'tfcc. for manuring land. . ' e The con which each variety of manure produces its peculiar effect, and under what circumstances it acta in one way rather than another. Upon the rich woodlands and plains of the great West, which is renowned throughout tho world for its original feral'. .1 I a. I a a tility, the husbandman finds a rich sup 1 .mm . ply of manure; provided ond spread by nature In anticipation of hia possession. Tho soil for ages has been producing, and that production again mouldering away to am in giving vigor for a new production: tho soluble particles of the aoil have been giving way to contribute to the great end of fertility untill after the succession of ages the work has been completed. The result of this process is tho element of the fertility ef our soil, and tho name of vegetable tnou!d'mh been given to it, or in scientific language that of umu. Thaer, in his lectures says, -The fertility of the soil depends entirely on the presence ol humus, for, if we except water, it is to this substance alone in the soil that plants owe their nourishment." The same author defines humus as being "the residue of annual and vegetable putrefaction." Liebeg saya it is "woody fibre in a atate of decay." Thus whilo these two great lights differ in words they do not

c!ass of animal manures, The limits of this address will not permit me to go into ' J -. ' I .L f I 1 . t . t ft

ueiau wiui an euosiances mat nave ueen and must be again uaed to fertilixe the soil. Our principle reliance has been and is yet the stable manure, which necess arily contains most if not all, in a degree.of the ingredients carried awsy from ! the soil by the crop. I The excrement of the horse has been subjected to chemical tests by eminent even and found to contain the salts of jlime, soda, potash, and magnesia, also J abundance of silicic aciJ. All of our or- ( dinary products require these ingredients 'except turutps, . beets and potatoea, I and theae require all, except the si lica. It required however no analyals, either of this kind of manure or the grains produced by its application to convince ua of its utility.. This has been lonir well established, and tho only question is aa to the proper modo of collecting and applying it. . I havo no doubt that most fsrmers In this country where we complain eo bitterly of high taxation, pay a larger tax, in the article of barn-yard washings to the "great waters,'' than they do to carry on the. functiona of government. I do not mean that the article lost woald Immediately, if sold, produce so much, but if husbanded, properly treated and applied, the additional produce thereby would pay any man's taxcs,above the expenses of applying It. Upon the proper manner of applying it, however I prefer to be allent, aa that feature of the subject will bo discussed at the regular time by your body, and I consider but few questions of more practical importance. In conclusion, gentlemen, having hastily referred to tho fertility of soils, and the three common methods of maintaining that fertility I would add the remark that this Is to be the great subject of interest to the agricultural community and the aubject oi study to the agricultural student in the future. There is in this respect a new era opening to tho world, and especially Is this the casein our own country. The virgin fertility, of the soil on the new continent wss such as to bear rather to waste than to economy. That waste would ultimately bring on a fearful crisis if It were persisted in; but as poverty begins to appear there is the important inquiry suggested, how may that fertility be maintained and poverty avoided! Upon this inquiry Is to be chiefly founded the science of Agriculture; for how to cultivate a plant ia but a minor consideration compared to showing how tomikssny variety of aoil produce any variety of vegetables. Agriculture has hitherto In a certain sense, called for no intellectual labor. The action of the body, with a very limited amount of thought is required to cultivat) a aoil that is ocrDctualiv able to produce abundantly every kind of a crop, llut as poverty In tho soil sppoars, the nufDsnuinan must cither study toreclaim the soil or make a sacrifice, and aeek for some other location that will endure a whilo his thoughtless system of robbery. As this necessity for systematic thought arrlsca there will bo found men more willing to abandon what has been called the "learned Drofoas ons"

and delight tl.o.n.elves in the study of L, fw,VrK ," lk ,mP clentiflc agriculture than formerly, i! nip i iÄ.tta Ä1 n ar think thst uime has been wronirlv .Continued thfooli the winter. Unae;

itntiutsJtuthd crowd l mkii Jh ,1 , . , y -(, have ought the "learned prolession" a the field lor their action durlnir life Tho proper solution of this matter Is that there is a natural desire for Intellectual labor Implanted in the human breast. As the young man looka forward In life lor a IhouWo upon which to play his part, the agricultural pursuit has hitherto presented no Inducement to the one who has a burning thirst for Intellectuat latior. The Intellectually indolent youth has been content to fall back pon his plow and find fellowship with Is horse until crop alter croo Is succes sive v Produced and conaiimnJ. and AH . soil Is Impoverished. Rut, as I said a - - - . new era isopcniug. Neoessity, in con- I nectioii with intellectual action bad es-1 tabllshed Agricultural ScUnci. Here now it a broad invitation given to the youth who would unite physical with mental labor. And the Invitation will be beedod. I base that prophesy upon my faith In the seductive beauties of the occupation of tho scientific agriculturist. The Art of A griculturs has reached its xenith, and now it throws in the lap of science the knowledge it has accu mulated for ages, and the united energies of these two sisters will ere long introduce anew member into the family of the Learned Vrofeiiions. : Splinters. CjairoaituGoLD Gbease. A Yankee down East baa invented this specific for the use of gold hunters. The operator ia to grease himself well, lie down on the top of a hill, and then roll to the bottom. The gold, and "nothing else," will stick to him. Price ninety-four dollars per box. 0C7"A lawyer received the following note accompanying a boquct some where in Ohio, "Deer , "i send u bi the boy a bucket of flowers. They is lik mi luv fur u. The nite shaid meens kepe dark. The dog fenil meens I am ure slave.'' OCT Thsckery saya a woman's heart is just like a lithographer's stone what is once written upon it can't be rubbed out. This is so. Let an heiress once fix her affections on a stable boy, all the preaching in the world will not get her thoughts above oat-boxes and currycombs. OTLcahy, alias the Monk of La Trappe, applied to the Supreme Court , of the State of Wiaconein for a new i trial, on tho charge of murder, of which I he waa convicted. The application was ; heard recently, but refused. So the murderer ii tobe hung. CirThe Mutical World is informed that at an exhibition given by the Choctaw Indians the other night,lhey "kindly offered to give a specimen of tomahawkj Ing and acalping, If any lady or gentleman in the audience would step for 1 ward," j Qvxan Victoria, and tub Poob. The sum of fivo thousand pounds was ' recently placod in the hands of the ; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, by Queen I Victoria fur distribuli on among the Pub1 lin charities.

03""Ma, that nice young man, Mr. Sauftung, ia very fond of kissing." "Mind your seam, Julia, who told you such nonsense!" ' ': i . "I have it from his own lips." (ET" Woman's Right's." Lucy Stone gives six objections to the marriage of women one of which is, that they lose the control of their children. ' It is a very ambiguou idea for a young lady to hold. . . . .-.: , "Won't yon sing me a song, air!" said a lady to her lover, aa they were alone one evening. The lover soon commen

ced the popular air "I won't go homo till morning," and euro enough he did not. ....... , . An old lady in Iowa, whilo recently in the woods, wss bitten on the end of her nose by a rattle snake. The old lady recovered, but the' snake died! Coroner's verdict Poisoned by snuff. What will Russia iol To this aborbl ig question among students of foreign affairs we can literally snswer In the words most irreverently used often: " Old Mck only knows,-' . Mrs. Catharine Cosner, of Hardy county, Va., it is said, caught two large bears this summer in a trap. Mrs. C, it Is also said, is very expert with a rifle. The Mayor of Toronto la charged with an unlawful use of tho municipal funds, and hia trial is now going on. The amount Invohed is Xlü.Oüü. Boston, Oct. 13 A letter from Uorham, N. II., says snow has fallen thero to the depth of two feet, and in some placea there are drifts eight feet deep. DcraiviTT. Why is a legislator a most blasphomous man) . Uecause he cau't toko bis scat without an oath. Two partys of 30 men each left Amhcrst, Mass., one day last week, on a squirrel hunt; one party killed 1,456: the other b'J8, before night. "I have often used," said Gretry, "a singular stratagem to alacken or quick en the pace of walking companion. To aay you walk too fast or too alow is impolite, sae to a friend; but to aing softly an air to the time of the walk of your companion, and thou, by degreos, either to quicken tbo time or make it slower, Is a stratagem as innocent aa it ia convenient." A correspondent of the Rushvilla Republican writing from bhelbyville, aays: Tho Rummies of our town have been carrying on their legal traffic without molestation until they have aroused the indignation of all sober men against their unhallowed course, by the way of numerous prosecutions. Several actione have been brought against them on their bonds, rhlch have been sustained, and will bo followed by others. Ottting Monty under Falt Vrttcnces, Purchasing Chesnuts in Ohio, and obtaining a premium of an Indiana Fair. . Bcirare.' Haid tho potter to his clay. OCrThero have boon about alxty-threo millions of dollars nominally subscribed to tho Pacific Railway, at Nsw York. Mr. (Jrsy, the Engineer, is organizing his surveying party and will soon set out for tho Rio (JranJo. - ..TT . .. . . ew jn ' esse or wages, it win cost much more than half a million of dollars, the original computation. 03" Gov. iJoe Lane, of Oregon, and Lieut. Allen, of the army, were both wounded in an engagement with tho Rogu River Indlsn. (O-The intelligent editors of tho Homo Journal, Geo. P. Morris and N. P. Willis, In their notlco or Horace Greeley's address at the Indiana fcJIoto Fair, aay: That lfnrfta flrlw I a man alt tsvKAaiA mi klsi fnnittrw'ai ttim and Truth's Is an opinion which fire cannot melt out of us. We could die In It at tho atako.' Psn'ITuks Them. Don't taks bills ou ths following Buki. Some of them have temporarily suspended and others broken, outright I - Tstchia Hank, BaflTalsi Kris Sl halamsxoo lt. II, Dunki ' , Farmers' Jolut Stuck Hanking Co; CaAtalanta Dauk,f!eorgl Dank of Owego.New York; Pratt's Dank.Uunelo.N. Y Chastaqus Coanty Hank .N. Y j Lewis Coaaty Hank, N Y A RiaoLUTio has bean introduced into tha Kentucky Legislature, which provides " that the keeper of the I enlleu tlary ahill procure a soluble chemh-hal dye, auch as will stain tha . .. 1 1 -1 - - . - - - r . .1,1. cuticle or outer surface of the skin perfectly black, so thai It canuot be waahed oiT, or In any way effaced, antil time shall wear it away and nature furniah a nsw cuticla or surface, and that with thla dye ha ahall black tha noaa of each mala convict painted thoroughly black and renew the application as often as It msy bs neccessary to keep it ao, until within one month oQlhe eiptration of his aentence, when it shall be discontinued, for the purpose of permitting nature to restore the feature to its original hua.preparatory to the second adveat of into the world Prem Yiirittnn A wlul Itarnrea of tlie Cliolern. at Mrridu Ilirte Hundred Dcnthaa iny, A private letter received by a mercantile house in this city, dated Mcrida, October 11, 1853, states, for the past fifteen days, the cholera had been prevailing in that city with some virulence. On the 10th there were 153 deaths, and there had been as high as 300 a day. Mcrida is a city containing twenty thousand inhabitants. OCT Somebody asks, "Is it lawful to hang clothes on Mason and Dixon's liner Just as lawful as planting beam about the North Pole. Pittin Wer. And just as proper, too, as for a temperance manjto 'loublöjlho Horn." The Approaching Hena(erlal Klec tlon InOltlS). Reliable information received In Washington from Ohio, aatiafiee ua that Wm. Allen, Esq., .cannot possibly secure a nomination for that position by his party. ISo said the Washington Star, and the (lairtte of vesterday. "Reliable information," from a much better source, assured us long ago that Win. A LLF.it Las not for the last year had any intention or desire of becoming a candidate for the U. li. tionaio this winter. Cm: Uno.

Overtrading; Import ana Fvports . -Cnrrnrr-lirundill'onSdiice In ihn Future. Nothing can better illustrate' the peculiar nature of a money panic, than the present condition of affairs. We have all the elements of a solid, and healthy prosperity. Pesce, health, good crops, sound credit, sound currency, profitable trade, and rapidly accumulating capital, all conspire to give growth, strength, and elasticity to tho country. ' Rut, with all this, there is a temporary want of money; and one, or two great branchea of trade are seriously affected, by over trading. Let the effects of that be what it rniy,' however, they must bo mostly confined to the dealers In foreign goodVJ'A . The overtrading of which we apeak, ia confined almost exclusively to the excessive importation of foreign goods, which will soon cure Itself; but msy In the meantime occasion much "commercial disaatcr. ? T - Exccsiive importation, or in other words, overtrading, le as universal a

symptom of a disturbed money market, and reaction In the mercantile system, as black-vomit Is of yellow-fever, and as destructive' of a healthy tone. Laws cannot ?revent It, though a discrimina ting tariff would havo alleviated the evil. Overtrading depends on human will, and that, too, often on the will of ill-formed and unreasoning Indivlduala. . -. . Overtrading brings a prensure on the banks. The banks get frightened, and curtail at tho moment they should enIsrge their disccunts they run upon'ono another create confualon and want of confidence is the financial ty pe cf tho day. airy 01 mousy. ay exist, and pro-4 erchants, and yet Now, overtrading m duce failures among mar thero may bo no ground irAfl&irr for the want of confidence in present safety, or futuro prosperity; and tuch h precinrly the case now. We shall, therefore, proceed to show that there ts overtrading; but that it does not affoct tho great mass of people, who should have confidence In one another and if they do, very little of this financial pressure would be felt among the people. -. We repeat what we have previously said -a more solid pr oepcr it y never existed in any country, than esint in ouri. But, that there has been overtrading, and consequently, ovrrdt lting Is an obvious fact, for which tho remedy Is simply, less private consumption, and less importing foreign goods. . . To illustrate how completely the "pressure" in our money, markets has been dependenton the imports of foreign goods, we will quote tho commercial statistics of threo different periods, v!x: 1815, imports,.... 8HS.041.000 1816, M 147,803,000 1817, H ' 09,250,000 . 1818, " i 121,750,000 Total J5i'llÄ Aversire 120.286,000 This period Was followed, by one Of great mercantile depression. The storm swept overlhe Weatern country, In 18 - 19,'20, 21, 22, prostrating every bankmaking all property unsaicaoie, anu ro - 183(1, 1837, Tola!,, 1107,183,000 Avorago 8151,79(1,000 In the four years which followod, the bank of the country twir sunprndjdt and the bankrupt act, swept offs hundred millions of dvllars in u orthtri MfW In the ten years, which followed that pdrlod,lk average Imports of the country were thirty millions per annum lts, and the couutry again recovered its commercial health; but, In tho four last years, we have this result:" 1830, Imports,,., $178,138.000 Hol, " 3IO,2'J4,000 183a, " Itd3,etimated,.. 11)3,000,000 350,000,000 Total..... ,.,,$839,303,000 Averse.. iijOlMMO.BOO Here is unquestionably an alarming symptom; and the inquiry will be imme diately made- Are we to have auch times, and such pressures, aa followed tho expansions of 1810 and 18301 By no means. It is questionable whotber we chall have any "pressure" that will effect the people generally. Why not! Likocauies will produce like effects. Unquestionably; but, tho financial condition of a country H always modified, by many causes, and that of which we speak is only one. In this case, all other con ditions of tho problem are difiereut from ; what they were in 1810, or 'in 1 830 .... .. . . f . i i ' a' we Will mention some et inese ainerences, and the grounds of confidsnce. ' 1. In 1816, and in 1836, the money of circulation waa mostly paper; which, if not redeemed in specie, waa comparatively worthless. In 18 16, t he jkt circulation was to the coin, aa 1 1 to 1 (vide Record, page 7) and in 1836, it was 4j to 1; but in 1853, it is about 1 to 1. The diflereece is immense. In 1816, the coin in the country was only $7,500,000; in 1836, $23,000,000; but In 1853, the coin and bullion is, at least $160,000,0001 The coin in the country ia actually $20,000,000 more than it w'aa a year aince. The paper and coin circulation of the United States now equal three hundred and twenty millions, or about 13 to 1 of the population. ") In this atate of things, it Is utterly impossible that the currency should not continue sound and safe. This takes out one of the greatest. evils of 1810. and 1836. . 3. The heavy crops, and high prices of those crops, enable the farmers to mako ready payments, and accumulate surnlu.i means, which did not exist In former periods of embarrassment." 3. Tho accumulated capital of the country, in the psst ten years, enables us to be leas dependent on foreign cap!Ual. and to have a lurplua continualu returning for new works. For example, the railroad dividends amount now to about twrntif millions per annum, and doublo that sum tn their, actual payments. Here is an Itnmcoae income, most of which is surplus, tobe turned over to now uses. . ? 4. Ths exports now are rmicb greater, in proportion to the imports, than they worein the two former period wo hav referred to. ' ' Tho following are the deßeitt of exports, under Imports, in each of the three period: mperimi, iai9,Ma,,i7,'is, eoa.,,,0.0 M psrlod, Ifli, W, 'M, Mr, i ii, riioo

nn rinfT f en veara inr tnft neoo o to recov- l . . . . : ipn.itiimiiivin .i v. a i"wi uiucim aiiat wo eU f?o2mCtnhr.hock. Tcrr?ear. Titer bf llZ" thTpS whld! i lhe ch'7cl lhe dl" T ,W T? 'Jc' l lhi CXlenl of ,uch .i L .t f. j.... -r Ti. - I maae oy mo uoaru to me puonc, wniui i innpar-j n(i Äfpn tho wa a becsmo a buBineaa. let us taka aa an .mnia

that nerfod the country recovered Us mfl 10 ,n,nü,aVa"'nc''1 ,alc,onu ' "'"tf ' etil preparation for this purpose snd for &keys. pr ; p?ri p, anTela.ir.' .hott I .'TXyVdoeW ''the wf -n??!a limc-torVc dissolved In- Thf. enterprising hot,., in th. course Ime, overtrading was .gain commenced, ' JEff In. Mu phur" ftC,J' ( WÄ:u,pl!,?r.n,,,r .f lu T"UwB.FlM p'J with these results: . I f00""? CoiiUiis state men ia in ,,Cla or Cp.on salt,) with a portion of rious cls-scs. The author, the printer,

1834, import. 8l26.ß3l,000 nc "of SS Trofe sor.hln woü afor. T!'ThX? f "1' m . . by. . Ul Wlnr the paper-rnakcf, thfl 1835, " 149,803,000 , CJ, iVm , eTod ecK !?!. " . t??,. L". !S ! eÄeJ ' '"r' !

......... inn.u.iu.iiuu '

i. 1 An nan nnn

3.1 period, 1RW, '5J,;2, "53. 80,000.000 In 1817-'18,the deficit was one-fourth of four years Importations; in 1830-'37, it waa one-ffPi; but in 1853, it is only I a l . . one-ninin. . ine enect of the present de r .. fit C. 1 r ,s. f. - , a ,aliforn.a gold to pay it with. On the whole, while we have obviously overtraded, we sec no ground to doubt the vcr fect tafety and toundnen ' of the present monetary condition or tho country; nor any reason for want of confidence in the creJif and prosperity of the country. R. R. Record. ) ,' IndlMna mirrllr. Dr. Rtors has resigned the Presidency of tlio Indiana State . University, located at Dtoomington,' Monroe county, " .,,11 J. : 1 V, I, 11 ti rriiiuvi'ii in 11 niiiaiiiTi . aiiiiiasriia. av iiprn n... . aauv. mm u..u ' UU)IHJ mo 1st Preabytcrian church., lie requests correspondents to address him accordingWe are sorry to learn teat In the management of tho Indiana University, thcro have been such influences St. work, as to result in a line of conduct towards Dr. Ryurs that ho feels is unjust, flut so worthy a man cannot be injured In1 this war, It will He well If the Institution does not suffer by tte present course of . .We give the following followinir R Insertion in tho (Jazctte an obli , Voure,&.e. ' . : . - At IlT0K, Blotminqton, Jni., Sept. 1 1, 1853. John I.MoRaieoa, Esq. Salem, Ind. Dear Sir: Upon my return yesterday, after an absence of, several weeks from home I found on my table copies of a circular issued by you as President of the Hoard of Trustees of the Indiana University and commencing aa follows, viz: "Indiana Statk .Uwivehsity." . Located at Bloomlngton, Monroe county, Indiana.' v. Dear Sir You will be gratified to learn that at the recent meeting of tho Board of Trustees of Indiana University, tho Faculty was reconstituted In a manner considerate of the leelings and selfrespect of all its members and so, as to secure entire harmony and co'-opemtion, and to give to each the place most agreeable to hlmaelf and b?t suited to his peculiar habits of mind and atudy, and the Trustees feel great; confidence In presenting the following gentlemen aa a atrong, united and zealous . body of instructors." The above ts all that the circular contains relating -to my transfer from the I'raal Inn r I th ITnlvnr.ittf In ihm l'rifeasor of Mathemitlci. Vn. u. !.,- t ,,. nlnlm.a Ar lh n,,ar.l earn vrv L,itle. hut, r as my resignation of the 1 1reilidcn tm, , j lQ m t lho , weJ 1dCP,looJ n con. 1 fcrcncei wit(, and d o hereby decline all further ncxion with the University. . Respectively Yours, A. Ryom. I. o I nar at hvmi In ouarffea. "Hlrj bring me a good plain dinner," aaid a roalahcholy-luuklng Individual to a aller atono otour Principal hotels. .The dinner was brought and devoured,' andthocatef called the landlord aside, ' m m aa aai and thus addressed hliii! "You are the landlord!" Yea." , . ' "You do a good bi. slness berol" "Yes!" (In astonishment.) "You make probtbly ten dollars a day, clearl" . t . , . . "Yes.'' ; ,. "Then I am safe. I cannot pay for what I have in.t. I have teen out of ' employment . . w - . a a for several inouins, out have engaged to go out to work tomor row, 1 had been without oou lor lour-aiid-twenty hours when I entered your m . . . t .a Sä place. ' I will pay you In a week." "I cannot promises I do not address the me something as security. "I havo nothing." ...... will take your coat" "If I go into tlie streets without that, such weather as it U, I may got my death.' "You should have thought' of that before you came here." "Are you serious! Well, I do solemnly sweat that in one week Irom now I will pay you." "1 will take that coat!" The coat was left, and in a week afterwarda redeemed.. Seven years after that, a weauny man entereu ine yvuui.i . i . l cal arena, and was presented at a caucus nnHr.nl fnr nnmrreasional noml--it"-- T""' ---a nation. The principal of the caucus held his peace, he heard tha history Ol the applicant, who was a member . of a Church, and one or thO moet rcspcctaoio - . ... a a . ma of citizens. 1 He was chairman: lho vote was a tie, and he cast a negative, thereby defeating tho applicant, whom he met an hour afterwards, and to whom he said "Yoi don't remember me!" "No." " ' ' " "I once ate a dinner at your hotel , and although I told you I was famishing, and pledged you my word and honor to pay you in a week, you took my coat and saw me go out into the inclement air at the risk of my life without it.?, . "Well, sir, what then!" , "Not much. You called yourself a Christian. To-night you were a candidate for nomination, and but for me you would have been elected to Congress." Three years after, tho Christian hotelkeeper bee a mo bankrupt, and sought a homo in Dellcvue. The poor dinnerlcss wretch that was, afterwards became high lanctlonary In Albany. ' , V . a wawllraUOd Of llOne . Oaa of tha priaionera la lilrmaualiam jail I atated, ,hnn examinrd recently ;by Coiomie - sloner, that, "nboul three yars sKo I Intra - ded ta brcoms a ChristUn, and the freund I ajiT pvptj tsiaii i eaaawa www in a ips its way ... . a- Si.. aa. .r".imf",L"V, a "a croand than th bellews blower. a

" r 7

nMT I avalAsa unll Km II J ' m a viii r eaej aiia euanuu ev lis wussr i

. V. i I Ul V TV III lyu 09 III Bill lUin D&reU ai J ta SJ J With tho. fnrn,er!v ? ,., f ti.-ir fn ! b,r " 80 ' " Ihs Weather ia warm and

, , .'I -"......, "... cough to promote f trmtoalion Is a vaali or ; price not be very Important, - The great point cellar, tbs beginning is mads In the ground, ! tangi

it, iivwoicr, mat we nave aounasnce OI 1 which la hum dava nr.,.. .ka ia..i,.ni.. .J

!. . rt. ...... Iff. I... I'll 1 I ik. ......... H. ..ll..rl..d .....

us . . rusiccB. .0 give mo knowing -". "vw"; ." -i"-s 1- their demands, and as their voice Is more from "The North Western (larttte" . which wra led, piouled aiid "-uis .. r-ro,.' fint attended to f Witrtitrrian of the HVrf Ibickly v ar the grotiud, but a fcw laa 'etogl ir.ee., are first atlCIIUiU to. 'T,Tw,t. H-nVln- iM 1 lu advene, of lUaaarlyplaiiUog. The J:r'p Nor Is It until after society has surrouuBloomimto. Hopt. 20, 1853. however waa of earl.'r inalunly. th- ubii ded itself with tho eppliancca of pl.ysiMcnr$ Lditors: l'lesso to clve the1-,.. f.,ri.i.,..i ...i. r em..l 1 ! r..mr..rt. il.t rlaima of the mind

d

mcmOCra Ul UIO lUUrU, t I l,.,- nn,n.lk thm atraur mnA atari I.pii. o.nii..l .1.-. -i n...

i . . i t, I ,

pay my -diiis wun iucn , uuum ir uiiin, tuiurmeu tu eieva v. 0j type, ireuuom front inisprints.and neat-

," blustered tho landlord, "and , ',- ,- MY . 1 neM "J 'Plicity of binding. v l a ' samu m aaai fltaaaS SäU al aak ä. I SaiM , tf If Mat hill lhstf. 1 9

keep a poor-house. SOU snouia , r.:' "i- 7i..rir. i. .7. ' Thla. h..ver. is but nn , dnartms nt

Ä a ii I h teil I a j I A.aiA I H I Ul V UVU11SV, IMVKUHI SVWV W Se-.-p . w - - V " - - - f " proper authorities. Leave . 1MIllfc.ll(Ä. AUr. J .M.nl av .lltitfr.ti nf their -lenlve hu.lneaa. The are

From th Farm and Shop. ( - F Pt-niinar for Potatoes. .f LrayhowUh to 2'S ; IWiotspUntL d0,.. .n,umB Hi .n,ou. 1

1 ...rin. ...i. ' .in '....I V ; - w ... f ordinary planiiDg tn8. An earlier yiold ot ihs crop I of course the raaall. This i. Ihs eoly advautare, thoagh an important oue, derived Irom Tall planting. YVa have heird it !, that straw, lot re or other like subitaoces for protection, tihould be umkJ ts cover tlie "itU" wilb. Our cs perleuce laacLes ua Dial ttiU ia rather aa lujery, than a benefit. Folaloea buried in heaps daring winter, will, If iDBulBoieutly covered, Ireese on Um oauitle. "II covered Aral with alraw auder tho dirt, all tlisss outsiders brconis watery and wilted aud ate of .course worldlae; eat if covereu ouiy wild tltrl, His ireel will be ex1 . ta . racieu Ifuin 11, ud Iii tubers will be perleCIIV SUUIIll. W hnM 1 fanner rtnark. at the ßtata Fair, that "if auy potato or like root we one froxvn, its vitality could nuvsr be rtstorrd," a liUle experinoe lu potato eullivallon, wilt conviuce lilm thai hie oplulon la iucorract. Were it not so, how would It be potalble for uch vegetables to rruroducs suj perpelutU tlielr Speeles in llieir ludignoue etute, where eipoiure sad couequenl Irrctiug I iueviluble. A ca In point: Lnt aott we had n small patch sf poialore bear lit gardr. funn , tWiemUr the erou was z liier) an. I f raae "'x1 I ths spring i sits, by Ihs time the early il4niiuir e lit ' Moaaoin. This evMenlly was tlie re-ult ol 1 1 1. tiuh.ij w-. r, though autldruul, and teudato "7iB,."f W'.?kUw1 dw,lroyi. I'S1'' ''. ... iui i pianiing, prsvs that ir At Home,

Krepliik I'ruit. and the anvil are weapons of more poA gentleman residing in tho upper end tency than the pen and the printing of the county packed a barrel ol apples 1 press. The author, tho publisher, the last fall in perfectly dry broom-seed, and : book-seller, find no place lor themselves placed them in a cool dry place over his ' iu such a community. They fit In nokltchen. Those of the same kind pis- where. Society has no need of them ced in the cellar have rotted long since, no work as yet lor themto do. Muscles while those In the barrel were examined 'out-rank braius. The firmeet judgment a few days since, and found to ho per-1 cannot steady a plough; the closest logfectly sound, and of very fine flavor. 1 lc cannot yoke oxen; the sharpest wit Cut atraw, leaves, chaff, or any other ! cannot hew down a tree; nor the most perfectly dry substance, would answer aa piercing intellect dig a welL well, aa the result shows that exclusion I From this pioneer period to the highof the air, dryness and a moderately cool est civilization the ateps are many, and

temperature, were the operating causes In lhlsw instance. (icrmantomn Tlegraphi ' Ncatrallalns; Of renal- Od ore. The North British Agriculturist furnishes a statement of Lindsey Blyth, in relation to a very successful experiment for destroying a most offensive smell in a stable, arising Irom the decomposition o orine and dung. lie tried the 1 mixture of Epsom salts and plaster or Paris, (gypsum) "the most wonderful effect fol-J lowed the stable keeper was delighted." Previously, the stable was dsmp and unwholesome; and if closed for a few hours, the ammoniacal vapors, were aa a a. . I a . aL . f sunocating. Alter sprinaung me suiescaping ammonia, also add greotlv by their own presence to the value of tho manure. I Assist vnum tub rtnimuv Law i ..... ..... .... Iky was rsrelved by Ouveruor Medill, of this .Htate.on Krl.lay, and al 4 i'dork a warrsi.t was great! for iSe arreat of Itob-rt Fe, f A . l i . I . .. it.. r L'.nl.m. i Nw Itlchmoud, Clvrmont county, o.chargad wlih aiding a number ef alavea toeeeapa V -fc I - . . - . I t ..... . A a..utt ' Irom thlf liia-tere ia Keataeky. A rentiedsy night, Uforms ss that r,e wm proUb y man, wav mwhi wiin in mm arreted. Ths proof against Mr. r Is said

to bs eoo lueive. i ' vv,""'a piviurrs oi Aiurricsn soWs glesa ths following vsr.ion of Ihs af. , ctcty Itat characters are life-like portrafair from lhe Tlmeai The seutlemau who la tures; Its style, vigorous and pithv. its di-

jehargad with tha violation uf tha fugitive law alogue, brisk and lively and ita moral Is Mr. Robert r'se, of Moaeew, tJhle. It ; purpose of branding with infamy the aln, app-raiUt two Uvea have lived for a long whii0 pU,l,,g the unhoppy results of IIIiMoe ie Maeeow, with ths eoo-nt of their temperance, cannot fa I to render It aa lui-trew., aad that It was her eipreasml deter- B ' , t! j,,.,"" J i.- I n ,i,. ! miuatiou to mattumit them. (5u l.-r dying PP"r Jhrv tola. Inex ern,M she was Induced to algu a bill of their l-i . appearanco their i..ue have boon I while rfarangad perhapa, or at lat without highly creditable to the art of publishing.

knowing the Import of the docaiueut. Mr. l ue, of Meacew, hearing of tbs turn to Canuila. Now, If thin Information Mr. KeeV onenss, it cerlaluly la no viulatlon of law, and irGov. Medill ItiM hiveatigutfd the matter, wa doubt thai a warrant lua beau . sued. . .. Tlie) I,ouievUle Murder. The circunutancea of the reoeut murder of ha recent murder of a School Teacher in LouUvills by a man named Ward are aummoued op aa follows by tha New Alba. Trib- . ...... . . una: i Tha fact as we nnderataad them, ars Simply these. Mr. Butler waa the Principal f i . r i one of the High Schools In Louisville. A , younger brother er mat. vvsru was s pupi iu i chool-aad for aome aoppoeed violation of the police regulations or the Ineiituuon, wm day Uoat hy the ?rm. i c,pa) Flna wIUl n(jRnalioa .t ths affrout hicn the unfortunate teecher had time glren olhe whole family, cy ine npceaaory correc I . . ... a a. Ol f tt I ........ lion of the U4. Mr. M. (I. Ward, accompa nied by hi brother Robert, repaired to the arhnal room on Wednesday morning, for the purpose of resenting tha inJlguity, by calling

a e ie)..w. wai . wB w, aa em we - -

Mr. B. to account. Very few words paused intendence of a member of the house, between the partiea, when Mr. Ward drew a practically familiar with book-biniing. pistol and ahot the other down. At the same . fa d , , , d time Mr. Robert Ward drew a bowls knifs ! ucu. " , . . ... . v-Ii:uw and made at Mr. Slur., another te.ch-r, they make to order, of the best Lngliah who saved his lifo by escaping through a win- and Ametican papers, the finest quahiow, I ties of paged Blank Iloor The tools . . ' ; ; i and materials of the binder, likewise Lesd mk took Newspamr." This form part of their articles of sle. request, aays tho Cincinnati Enquirer, U J We have thus endeavored to give our about aa reasonable as asking the loan readera aome notion of tho extent of busof an umbrella upon a rainy day, only Iness carried on by one such house in that the demand in ihe newspaper-bor-k this city. At present, this firm is comrower evinces a meaner spirit than In ( pclled to keep up two csHblishmcnte at tho other caae: for an umbrella coet a aome distance from each other. We

dollar, whereas the newspaper can be procured for ten wecke forthat amount. Complaints are daily made to ua of this i i , . I a SVllCm Of newspaper borrowing; in nine - w . a . esses out of ten, they are never returned; thus conatitutinjf it a aort of potty larceny 0( the most petty character. ' ; Pools MAKft ' IAT TBIM uf w 0t t00t rxasTs Ann wist mem Course they do that's And if the win men didn't eat them, why then, they would be fools too! which (as the ntathematiciana when they have stated a rcductlo ad absurdum) is impossible. absurdum) is impossible.

Western xateratwr. There are many who look for proof of Tu' f," f7'7 V" census tables, its reports of n.snufac-

tures. its salea of produce, and its imports exports generally. The stite of the a - current seems to them the sole ble evidence of a city's wealth j BJ. Uli luej ISU9M1C9 niiiBawuwu VII j .cbange" the sole witness of its saccess. iTo such rude reasoners. to such earelesa V. a i...!nAaa aat Mate? lAna MnR observers, we might commend the consideration of the adage, "a atraw may show which way the wind blows," and a branch of business employing a capital comparatively trifling, may be a mighty testimony as to the prosperity of more Important affairs of mauufactures fabricated by thousands of buoy workmen, and hundreds of untiring machines, or of commerce Involving countless sums of money; amounts worthy of the place "where mammon erst didsuq his treasury." And it Is thus wo may regard the book-publUhing of Cincinnati aa - a faithful index of our city's growth. Of ail luxurious tastes that are" fostered by increasing wealth, the taste for literature, as it is one of the moat perfect, so it lollows tho law of the higher organizations, and is among the slowest in its progressive growth, and lateat in its full development. In a now community the wants of the body, as they are tho more imperative In fur Its nutriment are acknowledged or i even inoiigrii vi. i ne ouicner, tuo u-. ij,erlj,e carpenter, and the bluckamith, 4 he great men or a young settlement. T,,e t,,d 11,8 Pl6hshare,ihe loom evf n thought of. The butcher, the bathe march gradual. It Is lata in the progress of physical advancement, and enlarging Intelligence that publication and authorship begin; and our own city held within its walls a hundred thousand busy inhabitant, before publishing as a branch of trsde fairly commenced. We have now two hundred thousand anule. and It la alreadv an I - - w--, " - - y - f important business. How largely it is csrried on we donbt if many of our read'era suspect. There are four or five houses now extensively engaged In this ( Smith Si Co.; Derby & Co.; J. A. & U. 1'. James; Applegate & Co.; and Moore, Anderson & Co.; either wholly ' or partly devote themselves to the work ii. .1 s . oi publication, and together employ a - - iiitciii viie cirraa. dour. keeper, and salesman, are all tributary to the management of this one concern. Their list ol publications Is already large, and tqey are constantly adding to their XiUmC. L A ... '..i PP eHJ "u i 5 wes tern wr.tcrs. alon wl " Works. They deserve great credit fur thus extending a liberal .iiiivMuviMin nana to our youthful literature. Of one vf these works, from a perusal of th. I I . a. ' iirool-aliCeta, kindly afl'orded us of its oDSUIIIff fieirrta. wy csn speak la high MM.- II - 11. .k- M - f : " ' - " 'vI heir books have been cnaracterited by excellence of paper, sise and clearneas a. I ' . a not only publiaheis, but dealers in books both wholciale and retail. They aupply largely the Weatern trade with the publicationa of Esatern honses. Country Merchants have discovered that they can rlndwith them a varied and ample stock from which to choose, and thus be spared the time, trouble and expense of a journey to New York, 1'hilaJelphia, or llo. ton. Their supply of School Dooks, and of the Greek and Latin Classics, of works on Medicine and Theology, of llibles in all forms and at all prices, of Hymn Dooks and Music Uooka and of volumes in all branches of General Literature, from the Standard Authors, whom time has stamped excellent, to the last products of the authorship of our own day, is full and complete in each depar.ment. Besides, however, publishing and bookselling, Moore, Anderson &Co. are extensive atalionera and Manufacturers 0f Blank Books, under the direct super understand, however, that a well-known capitalist Ii aüout to erect I Duiiumgror ; their use, on the south aide of Fourth 1 a. . . . street, it win give some mea or tns grand scale of this structure to mention that it will be aix stories high In front and seven behind, snd that tho ealeeroom alone will be thirty-four feci wide by 'two hundred deep. An extensivo and' , completely organuad elram bindery will j occupy a rrcot part of this immense builsmg. Tho front is to be Ol stone, Ot taateful architecture and coat of the wholc-building is estimated at twenty five thousand dollars", tin. t't-r Ave thousand dollars". Cm. I nt