Indiana American, Volume 18, Number 16, Brookville, Franklin County, 12 April 1850 — Page 1

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oett cousrKT-ouR cocktry-s ihterks ts-axo oy coiNTRri friends.

BYC. F. CLAUKSON.

Religious D cLcminaliongI.albrrnaa. Th. Ltherna derive their name from M.rtln Lather, a celebrated reformer, who .prang op ,ni oppoted the church of Rome with greet Tehemenca nd .uccew. in the beginning of Ue 16th ceotnry. The .valcm of f.Uh embraced by ,,,6Luthe" rani. wa drawn up by Lother Malanethon, a.d preeented to the Emperor Charles V., in 1530, at the diet of Augusta or Augsburg, and heace called the Augu.tan or Augsburg ConftMioa. It is difided Into twv parts, or which the former, containing twenty one articles, was designed to represent, with truth sna per.picu.iy .l. ..ininnior the reformers: aud the

UttsrconUini.g seven srticles, I. employed in t the ce.ebrat.on of ,l,e Lo.d'a Supper.) Vmtinr out aud confuting the seven capital "ill. -crucifix .u the altar. All the are iTrors which occasioned their seperation from j practice, of the church of Rome. Some of them the Church of Rome: these were coinmuniou in however, are net general, but confined to parens kind, the forced celibacy of the clergy,' ticular parts. c I ...)..... ' la V.vrnnnhv Bikm T-athanniam la

private traditio massaa. auricu ar couiesaiuu, irgcuuoij tradition. monastic vows, and the excessive j power ef the church The leading doctrines of! the .... .f,:i, mn iha true and essential divmitv ihls.conression are ins true ana esseuuaiui.iuiiv , i-i .flh.SonofGod: iU gubstitution and vkar ou

..c ,u. nM-wtitv fnTcom. and effi-' damental principles of the doctrina they profess, - ' . i - ' . sacrifice; and tne necessny, i reecom, nu w,u. t r It is not there, as in other countries where ,Ky of divine grace- .from any atlempU to change or destroy the lbe 0,llu.,ions of erth Bn1 of art are From the time of Lnlher to the present day. 'established rule ot faith and manuers.-to make ; ma rketrPrei!,n or domestic to , change has been introduced into the doctrine jany alteration in the eswntUI doclnnre ot th-ir , he eX( hfinseA for ,he productions 0r metMd discplios received in this church. The rehg.ou, or in any thing intimately connected a,s of 0(her artir,es 0f value. There, msthsd. however, of illustrating, enforceing, w.th them, -or to impose their particular opiu- ,(f not ony supplies the medium of doad defending the doctrines of Christianity, has ions upoa their .ubjects in a despotic and arbi- : mest-C trade, but of forpisn commerce. ndergoae several changes in the Lutheran trary manner." The councils, or societies. At first view, this state of things woubl Charch; and, though the confessions continue app-.iuted by the aovereigu to watch over the . fpem t0 lle unf yorable to an extensive the Mine, yet some of the doctrines which wer interests of lhe church, aud to govern and direct ' ;,.....,, iih other nartsof the world.

warmly maintained by Luther, have been of i

ate wholly abaudoned by his follower. In knowledge both of civil and ecclesiastical law, particular the doctrine, of absolute predestina- and, according to a very ancient denomination, tion, ha man impotence, and irresistible grace, are called Consistories. The internal governfar which Lather was a zealoua advocate, have menlof the Lutheran Church seems to be in been rejected bv most of his followers, aud ate some respects anomalous. It beam no resein-

now generally known by the name of Calvinistledoctrines. The Lutherans now maintain, in repnito the divine decrees, that they respect the salvation or misery oi men, in consequeuce.

ef "a previous knowledge of their sentiments Denmark (induing Norwav,) in which the nd character," aud not with the Ca'.vtnists.as form of ecclsiastical government that preceded fsaaded on "the mere will of God." the Reformation is retained; purged, indeed, The capital articles which Luther maintained from the superstitions and abuses that rendered are as fe lon; to which are added a few of the it so odions. Texts and argument, which he employed in 'Thisconstitutioo of the Lutheran hierarchy,' their defence. avye Dr. Mosheim, "will not seem, suFpriirg, I. That the holy scripture, are the only when the sentiments of thst people, with resource whence we are to draw our religious spect to ecclesiastical polity, re duly considered, sentiments, whether they relate to faith or prac- On the one hand they are persuaded that there liee, John v. 39. 1 Cor. iv. 16. 2. Tim. iii. 13 is no lw, of divine authority, wliii li points out 17 Reason aUo eoufirins the sufficiency of a distinction between the ministers of the gospi-l the scriptares: for if the written word be allow, with respect to rank, dignity or prerogatives; ed to be a rula in one case, how can it be denied and therefore they recede from RpNcnpacy. te be a ruU is another! But, on the other hand, they are of opinion, that 3. That justification is the effect ef faith, acert iin subordination, a diversity in point of

exclusive of good works, and that faith ought te produce good works purely in obedieoce to Uod.and not in order to our justification: Tor St Paul, in his epistle te the Galalians, strenooasty opposed those who ascribe our justifica- . I t 1 If .1.. uo uoug.. . pan; 10 or.; r.K,neuUssetaeomeby the law, then Christ ie dead in vala. uat. u. xi. l nereiore u t evi.tent we .? . - J I .ta I a . areneijusuneaDyineMworoyourorKom to mm wno ojuevem, sin is paruou.u, auu Chrirt'. righteousness imputed. inai Bomam.ao.e io maae aaiiaiacuon far his sins; for our Lord teaches us to say, whea we have dene all things that are comanded.We are nnprofiuble servants. Luke svii. 10. Christ', sacrifice is alone sufficient to satisfy for sin, and nothing need be added to the iaBnile value of hie atonement. Lather also rejected tradition, purgatory, penance, auricular confession, masses, invocation ef saints, monastic vows, and other doctriue. of the Church of Rome. n ,u . r n rt i eOn the poiula of Predestination, Original Sin . r . . . ... ... n i aairrsi VY i.l, L'lther coiucid'd with Calvin, ead sometime. e,pred himself more strongly; baton matter, of Church diipline they wideiy differed; likewise on the presence of Christ'. body in the Sacrament. Hi. followers also deviaud from him in some things: but the follow lag mav be censid.red aa Tair statement of their principles, and the difference between them ad the Calvinists: (1.) The Lutnau, hlIV0 bishop, and .nperintendanU for the governmeat of the church. But the ecclesia.tical gaverarooot which Calviu introduced was ailed Presbyterian; and does not admit of the institution ofbishoos.or of anv .ubordiuatiou among the clergy. (2) They differ in their lotions of the sacrament of the Lord'. Supper. The Lutherans reject tran.ubtlaiiilaliou; but

Srm that the boty and blood of Christ are long, and o much ; and line .pirit has often l.nmaterially present in the sacrament, though in among them lhe progress of science and aa incoroprehiiwible manner; this they called "lightened inquiry, and frustrsled many atODsabstantiation. The Calviuist. hold, on the ,m,t, of tne reformed party toward are-onion. Contrary, that Jesus Christ is only spiritually Bl" his bigotry is by no means characteristic present in the ordinance, by the external signs ia them: "nd during the last thirty-five or forty ef bread and wine. (3.) They differ in their yar learning ha. been cultivated, and tiberalldoctrine of the eternal deer ntClnA ty ef sentiment and doctriue practised by them.

man's salvation. 1 he modern Lutherans maiutain that the divine decrees, respecting the salvation and misery of men, are founded upon the' divine prescience. The CalvioUts, on the contrary, consider these decree, as absolute and - - aiMuiuia ana conditional. Ial5M I ..ii. .j , in 1523, Luther drew up a ,trgy or form or myer and dmiuistration of the ..erameuU, which, in m,ny particular., d.ffered liMle from tk niasaof the Thnrrh r r r ,u j j aatl...nj. L. . .. - . tuul,ue nis lonower. lo this rorm; nd hence .,. couotrv. where Lnth.r.Bi.m pr.vaila.hasiUownliir -tiK ;. .i. w(DroeMitninbii .u . . . procwaing io fcUthtreUelo external wer- ... " 4lhtr nJ aU ,. ! Z JLi iK6 'IT" f re,igi0n- Th murgiM used in the different countries, which ave embraced the .y.tem of Luther, perfectly m ,. . ' ' " J t U all the essential branche. of religion, in maiier. that can be considered as of real moment and importance; but they differ widely in ny thing, of an indifferent nature, concernwhich the Scripturee are.ilent, and which tempos, uut pt of lh puWjc re,igion tn,t de. v iu authority from" the wisdom and appointment of men. Assemblies for the celerhjn f divine worship meet every whereat Uted times. Hert lh, Holy Scriptures are WcIy pnym Md hymD addressed to W Uity;the wcramentadminUtered; and the Pple instructed in the knowledge of religion, Mcited to the practice of virtue, by the eearses f their ministers. a,i rrctfcit.at., the Lutherans are perhape

three who differ least from the Church of Rome, not only iii regard to their doctrine of con.ub-

stantiation, namely, that the body and blood of vnr, .re maiena.iy present in the aacramant or the Lord'. Supper, though in an Inompro- j henaible manner; or, that the partakers of the j Lord's Supper receive along with, under, and in the bread and wine, the real body and blood of Chn.t; but l.kewise as they represent several religious practices and ceremonies at tolerable,; and some of them useful, which are retained in I

no other Proteatant church. Among these may ! i he commercial resources or Oahrornia s,al be moie profitable than itsapplicabe reckoned the rrm. of exorcism in the r. "'.present founded entirely on her tion to agriculture, the mechanic arts, and celebration of baptism; the nse of wafers in the mefa"'c walth her vast mineral treas- the great variety of pursuits which are administration of the Lord's Supper; the private U'PS rrma"Jln? undeveloped, and her fer- fosiered and sustained in other civilized confession of sius; the nse of images, of incensn '? s01' 8lmot wholly neglected; and j communities. and of lighted tapera in their cl.urd.e. fparticu- ,n!S ,m,ust foniinue to be the case as long When California comes to have a pop-

j j " Ubbshed, the supreme head of the slate is, at same time, the supreme visible rul-r of the enure", oi u civil ruier oi ine L.uinereau . . is i.L. ..n . i f . i , .l i persuasion are efftuallv restrained, by th, funaffurs. are composed of persons versed in the bianco to Indepeivlency, and yet it i equally J removed lro:n fc.pi scopacy on the one hand, and j irom rresnyierianiam on tne other. v e must, upirr, ucrpi me Kmguuins ui owmm nun rank aud privelegra among the clergy, Is not 0ly highly useful, but elso necessary to the p,rfection ef church communion, by connectjnfr in consequence of a mutual dependence, more c,ow, togethrr, the members of the same bodv; nd lhus ,hey avoij ,h, UIJir,irmi,v 0f ,hp Pr(.,bvteriar, eovrnments. They are nor, how.veri with respwct lo ,h, tenl f ,his , b, or,ination, and the degrees of superiority an.t rrece(,,BC6 that 00fht , HistinZoish their doc tors; for in some places this is r-gulated with n,uch more j ,0 ,he 8ncipnt rue f church e0Ternment, than i. discovered In othftjl The constitntion or the Lutheran church In sfa to tnBl of lhp ChanH of EngUnd, However, neither in Sweden, nor in Denmark, Is that authority and rfig.ni,y Mt,ach,d lo the E,.iscoDl office, which the Church of England bestow, upon her higher dignitaries. ! , , ... Lutheranism is the established creed and form . of religion In Denmaak, Norway, and Sweden, J' ,D " SrMl Trt Germany, particularly In the "rth, and in Saxony; in Livonia, and Elhon,a- n ,h P" of Pr,wi,. There Lutheran churches in Holland. ConrUnH Ra'si' "Bnery. No" America, the Danish In,,i' I,Und"' &c- In Ru"i' lh Lutherans are at preeent more numerous any other sect, that of the Greek Christians P,- Plnd Lutheran Chu"h; ! Hungary, the Lutheran, have 439 churches; and 472 pastors, who are elected ln 'na tnemeelve. 'helrchnreh government. Tb Lutheians have too long cherished'iu their brMS, lhal Piril of int'"-ncend bigot. "7. "" which they themselves had suflvredso in l ,'t n '1"' degree with any other Christian party. Lathersn ia (he Cnlleil Stnlea. Among the first settlers of Pennsylvania and lhe adjoining states were some of the Lutheran j pewuttsiou. from t.ermany, Sweden, &.c. Beiug in need ot mtutslere, they eoughl assistance from professor Franck or Halle, who took m-asur, i supply them. Bv mean, or thi. eicelleut Messr. Muelenher,, Kurta. Schaum. Brunholti, Kuntt, Voitrt, Krug, Schuiti. Helmuth.anrt other eminent meu, being eM.med for the purpose, were s-nt over to this country. Amonthe -e.t ce.npv of miu-s.-r. -n.over from the mother countrv. were Rev. Meesrs. nJ.aarMdsaA Vltrll SlnlVh R ithail Itfumu, Ardi,Morch, Kahi-uand B-rnhnnJ. i crtlllh rmlni .nH f.r.i.. .n.u I.dth. I"" - --- j - -Tty rrr" Wirt:rr- Mr "T" during the. reign of George II , some of whose Ill 0UUl.ll Vyrui.um uu vj-vrgism, uiauy tu i'ivjr dTodnl inierm.! w.in otner fleuom inaliana. whilo othira ui.iulnin a Blaadfast at tachment lo the religion of their ancestors, and ha-, formed church-., which for the mou part are united with the svnod of North Ciruhna. Iii all the middle, southern, and western states, he Lutheran, have eongrevaiion. estahlishei,

which miiutain a coimnunion and correpoi- habitants, without reaourcus, and not SUpdeuce with each other The number of cnmmu- ,. . l .u nl' hi.

nicauuin Ihe United State, is .haul 150.000. They have flourishing seminaries, in some of the .tate for the puro- of educating yonS men for the ministry " - - - , The Amermtn Lutheran. pub , .h.nnu.lly the tailing th. business th-y traosact. they publish ea. m-y irausaci. mey punnsn isms, confirmations. Touerals. ,d communicant. Th.y ha., returns er baptis congregations and alio a paper publi.hed also, paper published whicX iatheorran of the denomin.Uon. and a regnla, esfblmeai for the publleMon cf Week..

niiOOKVILLK,

.Mr. King's Cnlfornia Report. Tim interesting Report is comprised in pamphlet, and s too ons for our snaee. ' - .tic l"c "'niu .n,on118,,on 11 . contains has heretofore found its way be-, fore the public through various channels. The views conlajne(l in tne extracts will b eneTjw wi,h 8,tention j fc " . commercial resources. - .or. emp.nyen n cot lecting gom, snai. ne more proniao.e man in any otn- ., r -i.l ; er pursuit which can furnish the sinews i The day is probably not distant, however, when her minerals, especially the quicksilver mines, will be extensively and: proniaoiy worsen. f?l.l 1 6 t-iOT-rrt.-!iirtrtr ilia rnunlrt anil i I.- p.vi.u. i vi uuii,,, ,! , . i- . i -i ui tl immediately available, in an uncoined , nnrn' nr ,Uno. - I l,erauae 0f the want of return freights of home production, for the vsst number of vessels which will arrive with supplies. These vessels, however, mnke no calculations on return cargoes, will estimate the entire profits of their voyage on their ou( waf(j freiohts, and become, Oil their BrrjvaJj willing carriers for a comparative small consideration This tendency in the course of trade, it would seem, must mane Sin Francisco a warehouse for the supply, to a certain extent, of all the ports of the Pacific. Americ an, Astatic, ami the Islands. Almost every article now exported by them finds a ready market in Cnlilornia, anl theestablishment ot a mint will bring there also the silver bullion, amounting to more than ten millions per annum. from the west coast of Mexico, ami, porh ps, ultimately from Chili and Peru, to be assayed hihI coined. Gold dust is worth but S17 per ounce, in Chili. It is worth 18 at the Unite I States mint. If. therefore, a merchant of Valparaiso has ten thousand ounces in San Francisco, received in payment for lumber, barley, flour, or other produce, ami desires an invoice of goods from the United States or Europe, he will gain f 10.000 at the outset, by pending his gold to New York, besides saving soemthing on the freight and insurance, and at least one month's interest The countries on the west coast of Ametica h;ive no exports which find a market in China, or other parts of Asia. San Francisco will therefore become not onlv the mart of these exports, but also of the products and manufactures of India, required in exchange for them, which must bo ,aid for, principally, jn gold coin or gol I dust. Neither gold coin nor gold dust will answer as a remittance to Clti na. Gold, in Ch'u.a, is not currency in any shape, nor is it received in payment ol import duties, or taxes on land, or on the industry of the people. The v,ilue of pure gold in Ckina is not far from f 14 the ounce. Hence the im porter of manufactures and products of India into ban rranctsco will remit tn uold coin or dust direct to New York, for investment in sterling bills on London These bills will be sent to London, an. placed to the credit of the firm in China Irom whom the merch imlise hail oeen re ceived, 8nd who, on learning of the re mittiince bavins cone forward to thei agents, will tlr.iw a iix months ig.'it bill for the amount, which will sell in China at the rate of four shillings and two pence or three pence per dollar. 1 have a statement befere me from one olthe mofteininent merchants and bank ersof New York, who was lor many ye.irs entjaued extensively in the lndiit trade which shows that the profit or gam on ten thousand ouncer ol gold, thus remit led. would be $34,434 44 AnJ that the loss on the samo Quantity, sent direct to Chi-,. na. would be U5.600 00 v Total difference in profit and loss in favor of the remit tance to New York, $50,034 44 ll will thus be perceived, that nature has so arranged the winds and current ii- r l of the Pacific, and disposed 01 ner vast lreasures in the hit S and mountains Ol . in hrhor of San Calilornia, as to give 10 tne harborol ban Francisco the control Ot the commerce O that ocean, as lar as it m ty be connected w,.u lhe wes, toal of Airica. , ,,. ftf p. Importani as the com iirce of the ftlfic undoubtedly IS, and will De, 10 Ol iforuta, it cannot now, nor ma 11 ever .-!.... frt iha COllJlrtJ 111 C(JI II l)H I O 111 IlidZ I iU IQ ON OIUU w isw JomLstic tradeletwee,. her nd the older ""'"'"y ' T . Slates of the Union. Two va us ao California did not probBDW contain more than fifteen thousand , Tb of It which has r oeen mj wuuueiiuur " citizens, was comparatively without inPw,ln ,n. - ter aaraea oy a iuic.-i Xoiwiihslinding the great distance. . .. I ,T...I l-.l t lrav.il emixtuiua uoir uii reach the Territory, more than one 11 difhundred thousand have overcome a uu" - , "l t ficultiea and spread themselves over Us hill, ,nd Dlain. They have been sup- .. . ,. Y.,anAll a, JrBata theoelvei PW,ro,,U""'K;;f h. pasted, not only with the nceJ-

INDIANA, FRIDAY, APRIL

jries, but the comforts ami many of the ' luxuries of life. Houses have been imKu,ll" v""" an, "e Allan States of the Union. Allthemateri als required for building cities and towns have been added to the wants of a people so numerous, destitute, and remote from lhe Juices of tupply. These wants will exist as long as emigrntion continues to flow into the country. and labor employed in collectinz uold uation of 200,000, which the will have before the close of the nresent vear. sh - rwai, oi, u ? will renu! nMr son nnn hari. nf d.. r 1 ' . irom some quarter, and no country can supply it as pood and cheap as the old States of the Union. Including frei-ht ami insurance, this may be set Jown as an item of about f 5,000,000. The arti..I - C II - . tie u c:iominir. auowincr vu m einii . c """"r1 son u-nnl.t K Si ooo nun ' lliere is no pretension to accuracy in these items, and they may be estimated too high, but it U quite as probable tb it they are loo low. We have no data on which to found a calculation of what the value of the trade between the States east of the Rocky Mountains and California, will be during the current year. I will venture the opinion, however, th it it will not lall short of S25.000.000. It may go far beyond that sum. At present I can see no cause which will retard or dimmish emigration. II the movement stull continue five years, our commerce with that Territory may reach $100,000,000 per annum. This is doubtless a si iriling sUiii, but it must be borne in mind that we have to build cities and towns, supply machinery lor mining, coal for domestic purposes, and steam for navigation, ant all the multifarious atticles used in providing the comforts and luvxries of lile, for hall a million of people, who will have transferred themselves to a country which is to produce, comparatively, nothing except minerals and the precious metals, an. I whose pursuits will etmhle t hem to pur chase, at any cost, whatever may he nec essary for their purposes. It ts dimcult to imagine or calculate the effect which will be produced on all the industrial pursuits ol the people of the old Slates of the Union, by this withdrawal Irom them of half a million of producers, who, in their new homes and new purfuits, wil Hive existence to n commerce almost equal in value to our foreign tradeLet no one, therelore, suppose he is not interested in the welfare of California. As well may he believe his interest would not be influenced by clesing our ports and cutting on intercourse with ail the world. Metalic and mineral wealth. fliegold region is between 4 and 500 miles long, and from 40 to 50 broad, fol lowing the course of the Sierra Nevada. farther discoveries imv, and probably will increase it. r rom innumerable evi dences and indications, it has come to be the universally admitted opinion among miners, that the sold, whether m detached particles ami piece, or in veins, was cre ated in combination with quartz, uold is not found on the suiUce ot the country, iireseiUu.g the appearance of having been thrown up and scattered in all directions by vulcanic action. It is only lound iu particular localities, and attended by par ticular circumstances and indications. It is found on the bars and shoals of the rivers in ravines, and on what are called the dry diggins. Very particular and extensive inquiries respecting the daily earnings and acquisitions of lite miners lead la the opinion that they averaged an ounce per day. This is believed by many to be a low estimate; but from the best information I was able lo procure, I am of opinion it approaches very near actual results. The half of the season, up to the 1st nf September, would give sixty-five working days, and to each laborer, at $16 per ounce, $1,040. If, therefore, we assume $1000 as the average collected by each laborer, We shall probably not go beyond the mark. This would give an aggregate of $20,000,000 lor the tint hall ol the season 315,000,000 of which was probably collected by foreigners. During the first hall of the "season the number of iViieigners was very much diminished, and, pertiaps, did not exceed live thousand. At this time the American emigration had come in by land ami sea, and the brtrer of our lellow -citizens in the mines had, as was estimated, increased lo between forty and fifty thousand. Thy were m.ist of liieui inexperienced to mining, and it is probable the results of their labors were not a great as has been estimated for the first part of the season, and experienced miners; assuming thai the average of half an oimce per day ought to be considered as reason able, it would have un aggregate nl aboti. 40.0di),000. If from this we deduc one-lourirt on account of the early com mciiceineilt of the wet season, we have au estimate of $15,000,000; at least tiw of which was collected by foreigners, who possessed many advantages Irom iheir experience in mining and knowledge of in country. These estimates give, as the result n; the operations in lhe mines lor 1848 ami i ISid, ihe round sum ol 40,UUU,uuu innhalt of which was probably collected and L,jrriH1 mil nl ihp ciiun'rv bv foreiuners . carried out ot the cmrvfy ny lore.g i 1 t he best lllloniiatloli I Could Ob lain. I am led lo believe thai at least $20, 000,000 of the $40,000,000 were taken from the r vers, and that iheir riennes . not tv.eu sea-ibly di.Bi.n. bed ; "P nd tiiatirreirriciiness in lew locaUons, wntcn nau c-..T , U.p bodiee of miner.. Thi. .mount has aitracid

12, 1850.

principally been taken from the northern rivers, or those which empty into lhe Sacramento; the southrrn rivers, or those which flow into the San Joaquin, having been, comparatively, but little resorted to until near the close of the last season. These rivers arc, however, believed, by those who have visited them, to be richer in the precious metal than those in the northern part of the gold region. 3 gruultund. Cattle &c. Mr. K.rep regents the agricultural resources of the State as immense. There is a vast extent of pasture land, unsurpassed for verdure and richness. Wild oats fcrow spontaneous on all the plains, yielding an average annual crop of forty bushels to the acre. Any number of cattle and sheep can be . . . laiocu iiiciu. viiuie raiMnf: is a vreai eie..r .....t.i. o T. i'"1"' wcauii. i uniieny me came were killed only for their hides, which were worm $4. for export. Now. cattle are worth from $20 lo $30 a head. California is finely adapted to wool growing, eyhich will be a basis for large manufacture on her noble water courses. The vine grape grows freely throughout the St le, and the future value of California vineyards will be immense. From the State Journal. The Scenes of Passion week. It was evening. The georgeous rays of the setting sun gilded the temple of Jerusalem, as he proudly wheeled down the Western horizon. The bttsv hum of the mighty multitude who were there assembled loce ebrate the passover, gradually died away as the shadows of evenin closed in upon them. See Jesus and his little band of faithful disciples quietly aswinhled at the house nf a friend. At the side of Jesus leaned his beloved disciple, and as he bent his Link full of love and compassion up m them, his voii.e with trembling sweetness met their ears as he said, "Verily I say unto you that one nf you shall betray me." Mark tl.e change which these few word wrought up .ii the countenances nf those affectionate disciples a shade of sorrow seemed to pass over each. Jesus, their kind teacher, their faithful friend, their beluved Master, to be betrayed, and by one of those, too, for whom he had done ad suffered so much. Each vriih anxiety depicted on his features, begin inquiring "Lord is it I?" l5,ii why were all eyes turned upon the f.iiihk-ss Jud.cs? Did they suspect him to be a traitor; or did they mark that flush nt shame and conscious guilt, resting iu hurtling characters upon bis cheek? His hypocritical heart could not support him in this hour of detection; he fell that Lhriei had read the secret nf his false heart bti; too plainly, he knew but too well that he hud bartered the innneeut for gold; but behold him, as with mock reverence, he aks. "Master is ii I?' Did he suppose that he could conceal his wickedness from he piercing eves of the Saviour. After having received the token of his false treachery Irom the hand of bis master, he went immediate y nut, and it was night. Again behold Jesus at the hallowed and mysterious I our of mi'lnigrii in the garden of Gethsemane. Deep silence reigned. I'hj notes of feathered songsters were all hushed in the grove, -ave lhe mellow! warbling of some far distant Nightingales, the soft murmurs of the rippling stream Kedron, as it flowed slowly along in its pebbly channel tended to lull aud cairn the spti it after the toils of the day; "the stars came out one by one antl mounted their sapphire thrones in the vaulted cerulean." What ajronv tortured bis bo...ii as he there prayed alone, for hts disciples could not watch with him even one shori hour, what can picture its intensity as he prayed. "Father, i! it be possible, let this cup pass from me." yet with humble resignation he adds, "not my will, but thine, be done." In the darkened streets of lhe city, behold a band of prowling robbers. Whom do they seek at this hour of the night, and of whom do they speak with such bitter imprecations. -Behold them enter the garden, but late lhe scene of such dreadful agony. Can it he possible that they seek htm in whom was found no guile. Alas! 'tis bui too true. He is taken, taken bv his own disciple, one whom he had loved and taught, bound as a captive, and carried away. But the beams of the moon have died away, and the misty morn looks dim and sad over the sleeping city. What means this great stir around the palace nf Pil ileal sach an unusual hour? whv ib.it hurrvinff backward and forth; and whv is Peter there weeping so bitterly. Christ is there this mm nf sorrows stands like a condemned criminal before tire bar nl Pilate, lo answer to the falsa accusations there to he brought up against him. A calm and holy serenity beamed upon his counien nee, no traces nf the late fearl'u struggle were there discoverable. He hi! obtained lhal strength he so much needed from bun who never refuses prayer, be it readv for the sacrifice ready to drink he bitter cup, prepared for him by hi. Father, to the very dregs. He is condemned by wicked men. and. d:li. nigh they press the crown of thorns into his tender bead, no groan, no mtinnin scape" him. See htm. as alirrosl fainuiir, he bears his heavy cross up Mount JaTvarv. and then see him hang those six Ire ad fa I hours on the cross, hours of such utter agony, that even the sun refused i lehnld the struggle, and earth groaned aloud as the Ird nf Glory died. Thus was fulfilled the annual paschal sacrifice, the lamb without spot or blemth had been offered an atonement for the linsnf many. Redemption was purchased, ilut death had no power to retain him in lis icy folds, be burst asunder the har.which bound him, and once more ascended to hi nati. skies. Mary.

Krtm he CtiifWiultttii . An Elective Judiciary

BY Pit. E. W. II ELLIS. It seems to be generally conceded, that he New Constitution will contain a pro'ision tor the election of all Judicial and this general concession would imply that any argument of the case would be a work of supererogaiion. But it is by no means a general sentiment. In every community ther; are men of judgment candor, and intellect men who control public sentiment men who are as likdy ' . i i 1 1 - ........... I, .l.l.l- :.i.r '

" " winris iu mini ecais ill uie uunvr I wpltrhlK in,,,,, :. tl , , , inn-who still hold l .he decrine .1,,,! '.V" ih. people are incapable of mak.n ih Wen' proper selection of oSr high Jtidtcia, i. Zt nonaries. I he opp.wii.un when broughif.iin.-.ncn of the necessary talent in o the test, may be formtdable; there may Corrupte, an . in ; h danger in over securitv, and ,t ,s . ever party succeed, nu di,grace .no J question, therefore, prcper to be agitated thus, be attached ,o the bench and discussed m lhe public assembly.! Bu. if all other argument, 'were p..wrhrough the press, and at lh fires.de- j .-. l l.eforc remarked, the practical Ou,h. the people elect tl.e Judiciary workings oj j UC' Hut it will tie an innovation ! So it was n-itur-l ih t ",..,. . ? i i. . . .. , . : WJS namrji, ui .t. hen first luuoted, meu will be an innovation. It is an age of in-; 9hould look at this innovat,,.,, up,,,, a time novation, ol progress in arts and sciences, . hunorej Cus!om w,th tmi.d.t v--vv itb dou in literature, m knowledge, in every ih.ng;h!s ani, mi!ij;i,ingi. hl(l w)u;., fllUt legt. that ennobles and dignifies ht.min nature, ed all these have vanished. There can and more particularly in the science ol be no such revulsion nf sentimr-n. in the government. Our republic w an luuova- States of New York. l!l.i.is. Wtseonsin . lion upon the despot.snn of the world; : or Lousiana. as vV1!l ever wret this prean.l .he experiment ol seventy years, to ! rogalive again from the h.mds of the peoourselves at least, has proved the capacity pc. -n,e Bench and the B ir Vuc felt ol lhe people lor self-government. The ; jls )enefi. an J borne honorable testimo-

uocirineiiiaiuie laru.er power . irmo, u irom tne people it e oetter, is expioueu. And or. the contrary every extension oi popular rights has but developed s'.ill furiher the mental and inor..l capacity of lhe masses. Everv responsibility ihrovvnup

on their shoulders has itivigoratvd their i known to the world. The first Europemuscles and made strong their hearts, un- j ans that saw it( or wh'made it known lo til they stand like Atlas, mmoved beneath jciciiiied nations, were Sir Stamford Rafthe pressure. Ar.d while theories in tr.de, ties and Dr. Arnold, whence its r.arse. in politics, in religion, and science are It has neither stem nor foliage, aud its constantly changing the new and prac- root are so small that -thev are embed-

lical superceding the obsolete and cumbrouswin shall sav that here is a sub. j.ct matter that admits of no change? Who shall say, in 1 850, that the hand is guilty o" sacrilege that deposiles in the ballot-box a vote for a high judicial officer? We venerate old altats, though watered with the tears of superstition, or ataineJ with he blood of martyrdom we gaze gaze with awe and veneration upon the o nun id reared by the hand c.f tvrany, nut we venerate not the clog t'ni hinder man from lhe enjo) men! of all his high perogatories, though they be fragrant with ihe perfume of antiquity. But Ihe people can't judge of the legal qualification of candidates! And i.ow does the Legislature judge of the legal acquirements and capacities of the candidates ? What tests are applied what vxercises required, what samplvr exhibit- j ed, to convince the Legislature of their ac quire.ncnts? Have they always been successful i i placing upon the bench the brightest of the profession, or have they sometimes passed over merit, talent, and highest capacities, lo reward some favorite? Does the Legislature tcver make a searching inquiry i .to the acquirements of candidates, or, if they atte nipt it at a'. I, is noi their best source nf information he approbation or disapprobation of the peo ple who best know them? In the hurry and bustle of Legislation, the Legislative body has no time to make the acquaintance nf these legal gentlemen, and if they had, the mass of them are men called from various pursuits, and are no better quali fied in decide upon their merits, than the same ntimiivr f farmers, mechanics, mer chants aud doctors at li.m. Then ton. lhe disgraceful scramble for ofhee 9 tfomxlimes seen at the capital, from which men of modest merit shrink loathing away Many a man has thus been chosen who would not dare submit his claims to the people many a man whose tact and capacity as a lawyer barely Kept him from starvation. But place the power of thi selection in the hands of the people, and when ihey make choice of the man who, it may be, shall hold their dearest interests and perhaps their lives in the' hollow of his hand; and nothing but the most exalted talent and lhe most stern integrity will reach their standard. And it may be added, that if a mean and niggarel) spirit has reduced the compensation too low lo secure such acquirements, the men who pav the taxes will Jiavethe power and the will to change even that. The prac lical WOlhings ill una a sit-in tiiiin miw i i i :, ,,;- ..-.t dear v the people prize this boon, antl how tical workings of this s Stem show how grateful they are in iheir choice. In the sfreat State or .ew I nrk the Judges are divided between the two political parlies, according as lhe people have judged of ihe merit or demerit of the candidates. In Illinois, where there is so large a democratic preponderance, one-half of the Judges are whigs, for the same reason their sense of the vast importance of the choice ihey are making, triumphant over iheir partisan feelings. And I venture lhe assertion that a better an ay of talent than is now seen cm the bench in New York, cannot be found any where i n the Union. Uut Judits shouldn't dabble in politics! Dabbng in politics has made more Judges than all other considerations combined, and has sometimes placed ignorance and issur nee on the bench at the expense of .uerit aud capacity. Our Legislative elections are all political elections. No man is elected who does not belong to some one of lhe great political parlies, as it is his right and duty lo do; and it is no more a matter of necessity for a man seeking preferment to be a politician in he one case than in the other. rvery nan een the Judge upon the bench, or ne minister in his pulpit, should be a po iiiciau, but not in a low, debased, and groveling sent9v but in a high and exalt.

VOLXVlIt.o. IC

ed sense which makes the affairs ,.f .,vernmeni a matter of interest u, eit rv man living under its iimir.,.- i ...i .1" .. Judge, feeling cis nupuiwihiliiv u. iK.. people, wluse breath had made and whose tears could mar, instead ,.f livinr 1,1 i . i .. ong his constituents, with fc-clinirs 0f jR. terest in common with theirs, and with no motive to dispense outfit but justice among them. Men would indeed U brought before the people as politician, but no poiiiical party would hazznrd ihJ auoresa nf ihui ,w.t-.. u.. i : . "inu auu iikivh am . . uy iiaiigniir Uesl y lo ,he Co,,r!gc ,riJJ,u t)rl, f 0 . ceived :mJ the hand? that achieved so great a reformation. The ItaOIesiit Araotdi. I'liis plant bears the largest flower ded in the slender stem nf a species of viae, aud us it were incorporated with that stem, yet. bearing a Uower of the most enormous dimensions." - This flower grows parasitically on the stem of the vine, from whatever the seeds chance lo alight, and its first appearance is thai ot it swelling in the bark, or smtll tubercle.This bud grows to the size of a large cabbage, and when blown, the. flower is fortyiwo inches in diameter, weighing fifteen pounds, and its hollow in the centre capable of holding almost two gallous. The petal, are an inch and a half thick near their base. "The color is a red, inclining to orange, wrinkled or embossed on the surface, and marked with deeper blotches of the same color as the ground, and with Pwhite spots. The plant is dioecious. Tho stamens form a sort of beaded circle arourrJ" a central abortive pistil; which is itself a' large fleshy excrescence flat at tliff top, and beset wiih elongated projeclious, which Dr. Arnold declares resmbles cow'i horns. This superb flower swon decays, and is endowed with a most powerful but disagreeable odor, which like that of tha Siapelias, attracts flies in grealabundance." It is found in Sumatra. What i. the World coming to! The following startling article is taken from a New York city paper. Can it te true ? AstouSmnq Disclose res. The morn ing papers state that some Bioumlin disclosures will shortly be made which will feulully agitate the up town circles, and place gentlemen of high respectability in an unenviable position before tlie community. It seems that a deep-laid scheme to entrap certain wealthy persons wu "oncocted by two men ami a female ani successfully ruJ ;n operation; and, having cot them in their power.je.-- sumj 0r money were extorted, thousands oi aj. lars, it is said.lo a void disclosures which would have laid themselves and familio open to the foulest dis-rrace. The subject, however, is now beforo a criminal court, and a full exposure csnnot be prevented. We are in possession of the facts of the case, but cannot publish th-jin at present; we may state, however, thai certain lien have connived &t tne criminal intercourse of their wives with rich merchants, themselves husbands and fathers, and so planning it as todetact the parties in flagrante deficlu, nd then extorting hushmoney to a very lare emount. The de mands of the scoundrels, however, have i. . . . , . , ! lately become so unreasonable that th I .. . ' guilty "parties" refused to "shell out," and an exposure is threatened. 'W hat is your Name!' Three wild mud-larks were recendy captured by a young divine, and brought into Sunday-School in New York, What is your name my boy! 'Dan,' replied the untaught one, whi was first interrogated. 'Oh, no, your name is Daniel, say it now.' Daniel.' Yes, well, Daniel, take that seat.' And what is your name?' was interrogated of number two Sam,' ejaculated lhe urchin. Oh. dear, no, it is Samuel, sit down. Samuel, and now let us hear what your name is, my bright little fellow?' said ha turning to the third. With a grin of self-satisfaction, and a shake of the head that would have don. honor to Lord Burleigh, the young catechum, boldly replied 'Jim-ual your honor!' Spirit of the Times. Good mawning, Miss Primp how', your health since you took tits wataw chaw?' 'Muoh betaw, I thank you. Maw sava I'm so much sloutaw and freshaw, sb hM! emd me again next aummaw.