Indiana American, Volume 18, Number 9, Brookville, Franklin County, 22 February 1850 — Page 1
o OUU rowiHT-OUR COUVTRfS I XT E RESTS AND OCR COtMHVS rHlE.IDS. BY C. F. CLAi'.KSON. HIMIOKVILLU. FIJI DAY. FEB. 22, SS50. VOL. XVI II XO.9.
Ilr- Clay s Compromise.
Bcmarks f ?tr 1 1T on the
Is Sevvtk, Februar- 5.
with what had ta
taken place in California. Thev i lies was it likelv to be iLtrocuoed ? In thernld nc,m "n -.a 1. ii.l-.Iti .- . ...
hAM rm!,u, it-. i ir u-it p,.,;;. ...i ..:..-. J: .. .. .... V"" ' it umiemiw mat ne estimates mat tne revnue irom
omproiK-.sc , ...... -p. .. ' ..... ti.e fCCUCtlOtl Which ItllS resolution WOul J tOtns Will hf. it'll .(ll..OOO. Sn lhp PT. I snirits. :ind s,imp nl'ipr -irti.-.r
. . :!r. tsf". , .. " . . ...... .....,.- ..... , iuno.uv.uuii. i urn 11 W..S n iruui , ... , -
Resolution. - : st?.t. was lermed. I here was now no er.e who that slavery was not 'ikflv to ex;st in any part r."iesnry, WOUI.I lie lll:hiy imuri
rconwri - . , s ., i uuuiu i-i:.i.eim lor a moment n
-Mr. Mensum moved, I rrn:e
we.om
and the e.,..te proceed to the c-ideration of j the resolutions submitted by Mr. Clay on V ed-
was Termed. I here was now no er.e who that slavery was not 'ikelv to exist in any part r'-aKe necessary, would be highly mjurii contend for a moment that if the States I of the Territories. All knew this to he trie fact; OUS to the public service; tind it was pro1 out of the Northwest Territory, pc I to j then why should there be any hesitation in tie- rosed that we should appropriate, fertile i had been nrp;i-d the ordinance ot 1 i s7 cinritiT it? l .i tr r i i is, Ohio, Indiana aud od.ers-chose to alter In tl.e free Slates, where tho Wiimot Proviso ,,1 r' , lhe prcPfnt lical year, One-
neadav last
Mr.' C'.av said he r.ever rose
fcenate with more int.-use
their constitutions, and permitted s'avery to ex-
was f.ret acrif ate... this territi.rv i-a. j.l.i.n In I a nan oi what was expended in the vear
to address the 1 M '-'!UI l;lty i.na as niucii ngni .acquired, and tlie people there were laboring; un- 1 c ... i his was si .rree.l to; and it is the
teeiinr unn on ti;e ' .'" . t'"" " - ' :iu. .r 1.1. uppreceusion mat -t.avtrv woum nueiy smemlRient now be'Ofe vou
tt 1 1 t... I tt .. 1-II.r.B. I he PT leiiri.l I.-. tlir.. rriln.i- iu" iin.M.I ,i. . . . . . -
present cs,on ln We his.ory of! wouW cot:ten,l that the excision of '!ipPrehen. ion, instructed their represntMivos to ' . U.e expended, as I have already said, sons of great Pe-J ',v;. bfoM rose t0 aiMre,s 1 s'RVeO' the people r,f CuMforma was the act vote apinsl it. Cut there is now no c..us for the year endine 1848, 32,636 h"" t lien'tliere wa such sa extreme j cf Corgress, orcf t!:e Government of the United : any such apprehension. If the representatives one-half of which is 1,06G.318. And o!iCuealde.feara;!J anxiety felt by the country , tf'b.ut ,trw". '"".n r ,";e lsiion by , from those tftute8 could hhTs held iutetcour.. that which has al read V been expended in
Jnth-iueoftheeTeatevent-noYVtranspirin;.. ! i- ' "jwn-.u.. ueiseii, whii u-.eir coi.smuenis since tile tact ot t amor- lh f s:x m0nth vix- 1 oqi 007 qi n the issue 01 i.ie f,'e . i ' , ,( ' who alone had the nsht to reciJe it. nia's actinr. bas heonm,, kn.itn .n.irnnM h ule lrsl 51X lonlR?. M ,-1 ,tr-J . Jl,
He did not t.iiaK m 1 j to i The second resolution of the series was an ; pointed out to them the dancers of uressin. tl.e and " es 2,o53,215 21, or 9225,
tiav I -J- ii. -
do in his own chamber that i Sunreme Arbiter, who holds ii
destinies of nations to calm the pas:
and the violence of party; to auow reason w re- - ' 1 a nn!llinll 'I6" j. k:;. u Z estimated receipts
cnm her eninire- and to bestow on nun ins , . .. , . . 7. ' ,. 1 ""8" . , , sume ner em .)je .,,,!, anu ability 1 la 's favor, and had instructed its represents- J to come here and calmly and quietly settle all , But, notwithstanding the Secretary
i .rr..rm thn task before him. Ha had wit-
-,k. o-hen the events of the day nw,jre
. .. " . . .I,.ft..!in.il ,l!aiuiiii.uiwfui.
..!.... fMrt frriiesi UUAir-Y tinvutnv-... .... . r7
l .1.. : linilOnani Clie. JU.il P hprrrrwl ffpnOmpn In U)k lrAvA n-l..n .ll .!-. ...........I J A...U a. -- . VI Hmra th. n . n ... I , IOIC
i. lUVOiV 3 -11 C 1 .. .....j mi 1: ik nauiCJ n uiihi 1 1. -7 1 1 1 V t5 . . i ...... . w 1111.11 nno b.U.ilu.u in J L . k' . . . 1 .t at .t Ca(m!v. tlH vl-aa MU-i.r. h n li r.rAi:.r.irt ' t.M h..iIiii ;.. .. .T . . ... .. . rrl . - i ..
in ris nana lae ; . - - - --- .......... , . .... ...l.uu. .i vim-uncui i..i ii,ii.o( llle aiiiount which we thus pppropnate
.ions of men i V - "'"'t, """'i constituents would tell mem 10 torbear; to cease - UDWards of seven tier rent nnnn thi ! Proviso was Dressed bv the Nor: 1: he was aware nrB.inrr m- Vil.nnt .?;.,-. 1, . ls UUWdUlSOl seven percent. Upon the
es-
1 i-iiiin Ti-nniMimni mi i r in iimimiini
cus- ! The hirrli duties, naniculailvtipontobaco.! Teased the tariff. wV.-n. I am cjuiie sure.
oilier jriudrs. make ii I l!,e eountrv is not willing that Contrrrss
prnses of collection would be upwards of j necessary to keep tip tfie largest preveti-1 '" i'- who :.h:ie have the pwer. I eight percent. With the sum we pive j tit c force to prevent evasions of the cus- am ,0'1' 'l:,s :,'-ly issued a second, him it will be upwards of seven percent, j toms: while with us our tariff affords but jlmi-'fiajinaiiy officers. 1 hz.e not seeu In 1848 the per centajre for collecting the small comparn.it e inducements to lead to j'- ap( cannot, therefore, say a word about revenue was six and near a half per cent; 1 it. There puMic sentiment dors not rep- j nm l50,v fpeakiuof the (list one is in 1849 it was upwards of seven per cent. 'robate it as much as here. The cor.se-i si:e"- 1 repeal, the object of the law of The Secretary estimates that the re-! quence is. in Eticland the strongest pre- j lae 3d of March. 1S4D, was to reduce the cipts from the customs for the year end-! ventive force in the form of cruisers. liar-! coslf eok-c;i;ir the ret emu? tj the public ing June, 1S51, will be S32.000.000; and j bor vessels, and what thev call a land- j anJ if ' remain 'ic same, u heiher it be lie puts the expenses of collection at $2,-.uarJ, is necessary. Thev are compel!-! Paitl b.v ,hc mcrc'iant or the coverr.ment, 759,000, or at the rate of near nine per ; ed to have a cor Jan of officers constantly t0 i;'-a: P,1',I'(r i makes no difference, for cent. ! (in tt.e look-out, for which, wi;h us. there j al!jst i,.has 10 bcar iho burden. And the Sir, is it possible that this is necessary? is no necessity. Resides this, their prox-1 sI''ft". it from one to the oihcr does not What other country pays as much lor.iiniiy to the continent increases this ne- mpet the object of the law. collecting its revenue? What State in ! cessitv on their nart. Anv small vessel! PKDOON. Will mv colle.ieue
mes 1.1 .ousrer-s io secure its aaoption; tie was the lihicu ties that now threaten fie l 111011. timsti.. 1 kt nnr r. mic frr ih, tor n,,.,..;.,.-! .!,.. ,..:,i, .1,.
........,.., ,..e cuiiMuereu .1 . 1Hr. u. men proceeded to tne examination 01 fi,.ni .;..s, nwn 1..,U 11...,.. ...I,,. ......
.1 1 1 I I , T Il.'J-A)V')V'V,i-7-llHlH VIMII.V IWIJ', ttuu UJt
this Uoion, where direct taxes prevails,
pays so much? I speak with confidence us to one, (Virginia.) with which I am bet-
Our
! it. lie was aware t!i.t,
s tr ae source.
he would hn.t it party spirit. He appealed to S-aators if this were not true. Parties, in order to gain a triumph for themselves over their opponents, seized upon every subject thai presented itself to make capit 1! of, aud to increase their
nan numbers. two Senators had told t.iein
that both of the two political parlies f the couu-
trv.at the -orL, actually by sac.i spirit, lu endeavored and w-re endeaverin t.i outdo ea;
find had Set their hearts nil flia tl.lr.l a.iil r..nrl.. P.-tr.li.tir.MC ..n.-incinr. .r '
lint, by asking them to vote tain boundaries for Texas, and to pay the debt n 1S48, yet. in adilition to this surplus le called upon them to aban-: of Texus. for which the duties 0.1 her imnort.s in the appropriation over that vear of
don the U'ihtiot Troviso, to pive it up; to epen j were pledged while she was a Republic. He 6225,579, it is asked that Ore.cn and
iiiru eves 10 uie u-ugT 10 me country in press- Held tliat the United States liac no power to rti- pn !; rnri.m shnul 1 ho nVi-nio P
can at any time, bv catclnne a favorable i imorm me wim wnora tne iav wind, run along almost unobserved. Hut I !f March, 184'J, originated? I ask fir vviiii us onlv lare sea-sroinff vessels nrf. ! 'iiformatton.
employed in briinriuir cirsroes across the Mr. l.iU. I t.iie pleasure in an-
e to call personally Atlantic: their advent i ,lwavs noticed, swentiff my friend
upon every tax-paverand receive thj dues 1 and smuii'-litiby thum. underanv circuni-' h:Ue' ' nad not r.tr- "1. 1 . .... - . . - .".. I
of the Commonwealth in small sums ! stances, is difficult. In sue!
1 a case it
- ... I hnq.. a & 1 as IliC III CM'Ul. : - . j
u 1 V. t....,et;ieciasAofilorlh,sresolut,0,,'hec which the duties oa her
the cntrer, eri! aa.l &:arra to
1 1 a pnnpayn 10 - n - -' ' .........
no necessity whatever; vide or cut off any portion of that or any oihtr : State: but in ali ouestions of unsettled bounda-
ju inus cai.tng upon mem to aMmion tneir ries the United States had the power to settle not estimate lor tne expenses in the new eminent: to incur all risi., am: pay it into , tlietr part, they colleci their revenue from
la opeuinf led to refer
the deto that.
somen, them less than a dollar and who too easily detected r.n.l proved, and then
But the - is required by law to take, at his own ex- (comes the penalty. Yet. wish all thisne-
js: But as I anticipated that I tr.iht be called
K.iT ll UtI.A.. tilrirA ,
yj -- -.a u ..-.11 . . ... . . vine ur ui on an v uoi unn . liim it am uiuti r. m . . .
lor 11. Stale: hut n nnestnns of unsettef! bnnnria- ,ClC" l" mi.i--t.il -w , i.en-e, n j i n c eoiiecis iu 11 is. ;u 01 2UV cessil V I. If a lurfe nrevcntn C Inrce noon
Oi
ha'. I of
tv, called Aoouiiomsis, in ore. r in mv.ii i.i-t reo?ctive uaaibow. Nor was this confined to
t'ie neonle at lar.e. I tha leifL!
1 r - w . . .
other coasi-Jerationj. The Hons? of Revr.entatives hid ki lit on? wUj'.j week in a frnittess sttetc.pt to tket a door-Lcepsr. And wlut w.is the question v.-h.;c!i preveiiitf.l the election of a iioer-koe;ir' It -3 n.t llii C'li-.-. or the q ,!!;!- iitratiotis of the r.:ea; hut the o;:ts!:on v.-a, whether the do..r-k..;..-r to h. chosen blo-.ied to this or t'i tt p.trt", cr wiieti.er hij vevs and sentiments of poiiii-ii! que-.tion -.' ore of one or oi another school, lied;1 not a!!t:::e. to this sub
ject bv way of reproaching an. 1 '.r what hid
basn lioue, but by uay of illustrating tow hi. "Ills :in-i eit.rd:.:es '.iii.-t nartv si-irit 1.- c.irii
lavorite measure, he. ohered them the assertion, . them. rlistriets in Tea. flw.-nn P.lifnr. Iilio irnncnrv ;.nilr.u'.l km .,-n-Fn.,h ..... ...i:..t .i...
in l,k t..,li;., nf tr. nl.o, .,r i ,. .) i. ... . . Ll. H-L. . U ..trT U " " " J '"W --""- I" lUJ.lll.l. .1 J 111,!. I.1UIU1..3U OUC-lia.J
' . ' " ...u.-.-...".- incuiiuminiic-ui 1CA. ii. u...r ucru i....- nrthe nt in nf tin fUon vz-ur nn,! in enmo i icli r.,... u- .oro I iu r.n .. ..I, 1
i - - - J -I. " " " ----" - --.--i ..-. , n Ilill V. UIL CIVl 11 U, TAlll 1 1 l..
It ouirht to be
prompt puyntnt the sheritls are allowed corrected; and if Congress will back me,
seven and a halt per cent, upon the land it shall be corrected.
, ....:. i .?. . i " , ! hn: ' nn. pvph n . 1 1 I; 1 m n To mrw . pa I pita ut-pn nee It ie run t v.- ti. ;.. ..11..
i . ..-. ill UUl CAiM 111 ailV IldfL til i ilrt lerr r PS arum red t . r.ni-uc to a ca nT l rtranror T u-aa nro. v . v u.i i...- vuh.iiuiu ivi.o . iui., vii.li w uuii iui is ia it u ".
l' i u' " " - - . " .11 r '! iiviri' 9 tui a&n !-..!. tl m 1 in nnr -. n i . i J -1. n J u : . w. -,, A n rt :; : . 1 It (Ml lit r ihi. i nr-rp ncA rt hii'nowe
aC'l I "" y o--vui.ij i ""ii, ii f- iu - jt"5.tu iun llrr lirtu, auu mis w an yi ojjusru nm v v , - - n. m v. v, -v. v u j,-hiv...'.
other to obtain to the vote of a smull, third par- J " ' "v r-... a compromise, in me nope inai iiku c-ia.e wi.uiu 8nti ii onty amounts to ciio.uuu, wnicn
- - " 1 .. -i. i -i .i'ii' n .it .ii. uirooi ' 'v. i . HurfN iu . ne seiin-nieii ui an iiiiui uiiifr-. niiu ic- ; i I . . .. . , i . . ,. . i .. " n r 1 1 . I
by I otiress was equal to the eu- store peace aud harmony to the country . i ' r .1 i 1
did not; Mr. Foote. said, that if the Senator would cjVe p'".'""1'"" l"c unuuc iu.m uici
l 1. 1 1 " -.-.. T..-. -11
wnat w;is e.xpentieu in tc-is. jjuiu win
these truth, actmeut of
t ie v ilniot Proviso
1 thisk it was. If the YVilrnot Proviso be pas-ed wbv, he would move the adjournment
: by Cotpres, there i-t a soVmn enactment, and ; Mr. Clay acquiesced, statins that he would l,e said that the warehouse system, which
.it is a positive interdiction of slavery there; but. finish his remarks to-merrow. And then cu it U2S supposed would cost the -overn- ; bv tins e.sscrt:o;, we say cuthiu? more tuau tnat motion, ! ! i i i ' the present tim- it do, s not exist there, and . The Senate adjourned. j menl nolhm? has bccome chame upon tlitit, ia oar otiinion, it never will. i - ! the treasury of $104,634 CG. To make
t Us hoped that the Free Stites paid be satis- SPEECH OF MIX. BAYLY, lied Willi this expression of opinion, aud net 0p VIRGINIA require any enact.V.ent on the subject. j (? JIousc pf RcpresmtaflCCS, 0,1 the ! ll.ti reo!lHloll would have been m.resc- " J ; ceptabie to him without the assertion of fiesn ; resolution for reducing the expenses cj
upon to refer to it in reply, I am prepared to answer his question. It was recommended by Mr. Walker, l ite Secretary of
the 1 reasury, no ionr ao :,s March, 1846. On the 16tii iff that mon.h he wrote to the Committee of Ways and Means this letter: TurAscBV PrrATir-.-vr. Mire'i tv;. m; Str,: In iry letter of ri? 1M .n' K.-hrimrr
:n i 'c "hit th--
t ... , .ill f l.A U. .!....
;ind property tax, but the additional two i The creat defect in the system U. we cxVne ic..ii..cr.c-r ib
atul h hall per cent, is in the nature ot an pay too hiah salaries to officers in the cm- S'V-' J i; insurance upon the collection: and to se- i nb.v of the o-ener.il r,.Vi rnment 'Vh i.l laf: f''3' 1
ftl( (l,l,.;iro.. lt.,.l ; ...!. ?. ... .. .. i ....... ., reet.t;;!y rceo.ii.ii.-i:.!
"" ii, "ic .-ii.iiii-uir luiiiji.mru in in ..c i , case as con iiccieu Willi Hie customs, i in ttiemw tinti" hi'!, I instances to advance the taxes, and depend i from the highest to the lowest. We pay i c il . lit.- t ie r! v. !:.i-
i v I'te
in
i this sum up, items are included which
ouht r.ot to ba charged to the ware housins svstcni.
two truths tba.i with tlwni, but be had thought
.." I lii.-.t someusiac should l-e eiven as a C-impensa-
arid ii- hop e.hec's i' in Who! li c.ret-r ei' !i tid H r -; t.i-.ii i::c!i i ! ' !:ia; y. r- : i v. in i it -
,t
viiu any alt-r, to uo.-it u i. -, ar ! ' i 1 i- .ee -i.
: tt f.v:.eu:cff v.-viU t ' -s ."c p tss tj.rei.rh i i.i.ht je.:rss.'io he t-. t. i.!-.rsbt t. . ;-, his .... -
!:..: to
.ii tor t.i surrender and com
o:i tliis eoiat.
romise ot tet.Ui.se
had ilet-ired to m'the a sneech
his shcrt lea of
-. . .1 -
colieennpc tne I'nouc revenue. t point ilr. Chairman: I deem it proper to ; vcrsy
make some remarks relative to the a-
on eich of mendmciit which the Committee of Ways
tha resolu-
Iuit let this pass. I will
make no
about which there can be contro-
resolutions, but would detiiin tbe Stnale for jmd Mentis have proposed to !.U3 in tbeev:.,::in.ition of the truths set forth lion ((om tlc Senate.
Bv the law of the third of March,
i.i ti;oe resoluti'in
rv doc- not ex
. i. !, I" he 11 C.-.I.-
e.i !i-
v.
jitired by bv"
M.Mt
As to t ;e lirst, tnat slave
t it. (. .if lli.. t .-.: rr Imq
.Mexico, be would refer to the act cf 1841', the expenses lor collecting tlie rehe sapren-.e povernment of Mexico, " venue were limited to Sl,oGU,00U for t lie Ki-.-cry was aho'.i.h.eJ iti that uaiijii. prc-enl flSCal year, coniniencintt the 1st tter:-.! ;-.?ni:;.-.-tr.s-ot all tie states of ... . . ,- . o.-.t n i t, .tab,t:.t;.u of ..le.verv.down to .!.. ol July laM and en,Un? tne 3uhf of JUnc .-- treaty racing those Territories to the next, as I Understand It. 1 think tills IS . t This it.t -f the povi-rieiteut cf t;!e plain meai.ini: and import of the svbl v. h-.v- t..-o:i lrreSt:.ir, and not u that the Secretary of tbe t-dt it was ni't oar i-rovir.ei a fore ij a , , , . r .1 ' .. iart:,ire ittto t:.e l.didity . f th- mn- 1 reosry, under tne advice of the Attoi-
t. iuiit, n&rkcuiur.v l.cy citnetai, n..s mcn ouiciciii nm-
ii.
it '
t.
r !-.
1 It
: :i- Ii-.ti;-' t. t:ai:--s .1 , r-.C .. ia I.i'.: !1 .....i. V, 1
I"
ri-
l:! J'.:
. -rtl..ie S'.l' ii v.!
i'jii be it :uie ! !;...i
i v :-,i':i r Air.
of r-.ii:e it! i.i- S t! .' . i i thi !;:" so f r r W e.l: 1 b : -.'.,.. .1 . t ; .-. ll tv.i.; "Tm, f-.r K-i'i cveiits ;.. I 1 1 s -i-.u i tli-- iro..i -r;..i . .i.i ll :ivi ijais tj iii i t-'.tl" .1'i.v t:ie ?iis . r : : . I ri :t
t ui-, wneu 11: r -i .: ; ivr-ipt i.i . ii. i, iiie;i v- r : i.i be its u x t ;.v se ii.is tj'.-sir.-eii-di ar- i is i.i ut w!m s I itutr.iiuted. e : l'i atl - lot ! ; rtv, :s.-iii.
t-pirit. tV.t tiri tile v.-: V t. .. v.' t oni i t-.kl t' r? Vi;.i
1. .ere w-ra t.v st'ii -in? !'t rt i t A taw r.i"ir.: s try, an 1 eier; v t'; re v 1 sees ni. :.: t t . ! .. : i.-,f-... s oa itj.v r.: reason. I' -won't p-oi.:--t'.iem to li-v.
tor tlie vroo.i oi t:i-' oi.::!.irV. To this o!-.'-.-l lie had dir-fcte.? id wi:!isie!i a v:-w tie ha.l i:i a n-jiiii-i: from all s. r! t! c:t ;..v ;i-ai i:i:te
r 1-, '. -' ll I-'- t '
t - t--l I.
s oi any cu'' 'o- h .; : . -T . : i - v f'- rti i ;.r. e-; T.-i-.t w-.t Tie: il'-c-.-;' en th'-; t-rri!ory i-er-.i i'ntiress: t -,
i a
.ra-t irrr.. the corresl t :e snvemiiKiit oa n c n a former occaras f.r.-t ceded, had th tt slo.verv wr.s oot
ev..-:.-::cj t:i M. xie.ior these territories lii.lr s.-iosi tt tile I'nile.l !rt.:tes.
a'.i ha o'lut fir it- existenre there now, !i'es. ot the :i..t ii'-i t ih- tr.atv cession was
.:.i-hi.i.ii ih c.i;.si.tii(i..ii wan exiru-ied iv.r csily entertained;
- i i i iti.i i. d I'.t.i.ui., i-.iiu e'u.. .-. iv crj v. un
s.i action to the law. They have decided
that the limitation did not take e;:oct un
til the last half of the current fiscal year, ':z: until from the 1st cf January to the ;-.0th of June 1S50. Dot I shall -o into
prior .ir
ih
.- . T . ' . . II
no il.seussion upon nus point, i ue no disposition to criticise the correctness
of ti.ct opni
.0:1.
: a-- t : :i-V :ih
V l-.r.;. c .- :. h.-t ..;..:,: .1 ti'.ere w is p-wa-quie if.ier ait.! ;e r i'l.iOt:. lie i; ti-i.j -: to i;-i I . ; el to !i ten tet-.-p;-..- w: -lie. l tll e.... the v.;o-3 us' ':
k: tlte i AC. t-:iiq .ii i even
ih
to i tt I;
ill l.-.r;e.i vn r -...-.':i. bis , -iTtN; Cllt 11 If 1 1 -s
i'.is ul-.iv.il i
tiiis cily, an.' d"vot..: a 1 his tii.ie, i it'o.r mil a'Al -ilies, to the f.tr-ii -.'.i-i: f s tie ;i! ia wher-bv, o:iee more. p.-.c, concord ai .1 har.nouv, conhi botestor.d to thi- country. II- had sutju.i.ied that pi.-a to te S: -v..!te. " He did li o t hope that it could be st- evssfu!, but i;e trusted lh.it if r -a-ators f -.a:i : i:i it any thir.g oh: vlion -.hi-, .tr f i it could or ouirht to be amende.., th-y wonl.j endeavor to improve, niter, an.i aftieiul it. aa.i not
proiiouoce aiuisl it or att-ionl to c!etrtv it.
H,:.h :.-...:: v:;s irrc...t::i:!.!M, vith !tis vi ws and f-eh::s i re v. ere a, the time nf I tr ,:ly !:ll.t'.i f.vi; a a- f.ileen slave S.et- s i:i th - I 1: th- ia i;t::;i- us i f both wer. rer : by t':e l.;-.s! ':..;. ilv te.l it be -...-'-: ti.. t the Co .;i!t;-!o'.. i i cxt- r.dinjover i.t.-. I-, r. :fii i-s, r.t.'.iu cirrv ln priUC' pie cf . 'i"t rv, ou!d i;..t .-:r:y th principles of i'vv ' 1 f .-.:;!!:. aed id ctte !.;: 1 1" t .e Union? ti... h:.. s i'i M- xiro, r. w;.a no shivery ia t"rr.:erit s rtt t::s litre i.t" cession; and as -:: h . i Ivea t k -;i to i.i'roou'-e it there, !te iU-.-';;;it he had sitl.-.:i;.t re.son ier saving it did not e:..-1 I'.t re .; . Ti.e rjuesticii cf shivery wr-d;vii'de into two brtiti -h-.-: ! iverv ia the .- t.it-s, c.id slavery
Willi. -Ut U.e Sh.tts. Cupjrc. shivery in tlie St.it.-s, t .'. o;t
li.tuh.r.s r.:.-:;t: tie d ia the Constiiuti
i--, tiw powt-r to r.r::'..tti representation, th power to !i v( a t.ix, an.; the p.mers rel.ilive to tile f .i-jhive sl ues. Is yoiei ibis, Congress h.".d no p .ver otar she. ry ia the States. If C.-nirress were. ci!I-d upon to ovettnrri the i.isliluti.ui of s! ivery in the l;t il?s, and such a r.ie:.sjre w.;s seiiousiy thought of, then his voice .voitid i e for war. Tli.u a c ise would lie pre
sent.'.; v. litre it would be ustiliabie ill th
of l.od .silt) of nations, to resist the oppression.
I doubt not it was hou
nd 1 shall leave its
discussion to others. And I do this the ir.ore readily because I do not consider it rt all material upon this occasion. Concede, if you please, that the limitation in the act did not take effect until after the
1st of January; yet the Secretary oft
. Still it must be recellected that
152, i23 iS was expended for warehouses in the yearendinc: 30th June, 1S48 being but $41,010 87 less than the r-uni charged to warehouses for this year; which sum, deducted from the surplus a-
bove stated, wouM leave 8, 008 more appropriated by this bill than was ex
pended in 1848, after nllowins the Secfe
tary all he asks for California, Oregon, the new districts established since then,
and what he t?rms increase cf busine
(which last I do not exactly understand.
as ho estimates the receipts at less than they were in that year;) ami also the dif
ference o! toe expense of warehouses in that year atul tiiis. In addition to this, A2T4.00I. was expended in that year upon revenue cutters. The Secretary, last summer to say notliinn about his late
circular greatly reduced this branch of
expenditure, and to the extent he did so n;l led to his available means for other seivice. Cannot "entlemen be satisfied
upon collections for reimbursement. I
presume a greater amount is not paid in
other States. Yet, their system of taxa
tion is by a direct tax; and we know that
leading argument in 'avor of indirect
taxes has aiways been, that from the fact
the collector of Boston SO. 400; which is ! ' r
double what any State cff.ici r of Massa
chusetts receives. We pay tlie collector of New York the same. The trovernor, who is expected to do the hospitalities of
tne State, receives ?1.00.. I Ise cl.u I
P,tl:" ; I...-.i'..i I I.
til e-.e ti . e.iP,
.notv ev 1 '"iv- iv wt; i cr.ltrt". ot the Tie
t !V'. t.i -..Ir
revenue cmM b ee ,i.':i li: ire nl ih
: i s r--'i-i, 1 r.i: a i' lie i-i ."ri l i.ir !ir . x:ierw'. . t i :ii n oil! to a 'im
uinm;
that they are received in large sums, and ! justice, who must have the Idlest profes-
at lew places,
less expense
they can be codccled atjsional attainments, receives but t:.000.
So in I'ennsv lvania: the collector. SG. 100:
Tii
io pow n ol tne S
men's nrv I re ( ! :! ! v
wr: It ill ( ill' I, e ; tbiitil t;,.. ' a..,..
; e'.icc',? ;it;. r'a ni .i r in th,- !io v en itn's. an;! ih.' p-ivin.-nti n I bv siireier n 'iiriiT -ei-i i. . I
i ii : ii i-ure. mi roil
r. "c :i t: dts.-retii.il Tlie piii ii.iti Ie.
But, in looking into the matter, I have
not stopped with lhe cost of collecting the revenue by direct taxation in the States. During and just after the war with Great Btitia.1, we had a direct tax under the oencral government. The expense ol
collecting it in 1816. w hen the net recipts
the chief justice about :2.o00. In Maryland, the collector f 6.-100; lhe eovernor $2,000, aud chief justice 3,000. Ai.d when we descend from the collector tb.roiih every grade, we find the same irregularity till we come to the icrv bargemen oarsmen who. in New York, re-
"t ier . is. -i ! ;i in - n c t rut to tin- c lib e't.o
tie re TiiltiTi.ii !,v e '.-,-'he p-iyiti.-ii-. Intnl.. sn
nil., l ol thuse he i-in of o'lii n t r.'nii ut.- i !- !i, a. in
were only r?3, 560, 651, was 5 3-16 per i ceive -600 per annittn. The n:U: of com
cent. Nor have I stopped here. I have examined the English documents. Their system of collecting revenue by customs is more analogous to our than any other. The per centae which lhe collection of the customs in tho Tnitcd Kingdom cost in the vear ending the 5th of January, 18 18 t'.K' last returns which we have was 5 19-20. Tor Great Britian alone 5 ' ; and excluding Ireland, Scotland, and
the small islands, where the revenue col
lected is comparatively small, and where preventive force to guard against smug-
with this? Are we, by the adoption of! gling must he large, but the percentage1
p lc liile t.i t ie rl It
I lii retit ret .mi she e,. tt i inn .t l'i p'. r io n iiinie ii;
jitlll.MI, li eXOell-S IIIi ..j .Ii,. revenue s'loiibl tie ti;e.-o --. ilt .'H. mi i
or to the oV'cks ir-
-ii 'in ol
.Iv l
l.et them examine it carefully, and calmly, and if thev discovered any tiling iu it susceptible of improvement, let them improve it, and restore peace, harmony and happiness to the country. Ia f irming this plan, he had r.ioueht it s'.io ihi embrace all the subjects upon which there was dilEeulty, thinking that there couhi be no use ia settling one part, and leavhig others pen, but Out all should le settied at cue time. II-aUo thought that he should ivn-.r n schem. ih:-.i
isury oiKiit, tiurin-; tne icti moiiins
preceding the period when it would take
cllect, to have commented Ins reduction of expenditure, so as to have l.roucht Inir.si If gradually, and without too greet a :;otk, within the limit prescribed by Congress. lie had no right to anticipate that Congress would precipitately sus
his no power over peiid or repeat a law, which, alf-v three ia the tl-.ree par- .-pars' consideration, thev had deliberate-
Tint j -... P.,, ; r.ctr.t.1 r.f lldc bo o V .
1 ji.ic'r'tii. ui, . i.-... v. mi.-, ii . -. pended duiini: the first six months of the fiscal year ?1, 141,801 21, as is ascer
tained, and SloO.000 more as lie esti
mates making S,201,897 21 leaving but .8268,102 79 for the last six months,
if the construction which I put upon the
11 law be correct. But take his own con
'1- . ...... .-..! n,-...i, ,1.-. iKa l!...l-fln,.
, , . . .- . r I Ml IIC 1 1 ti 11, a II -4 111 " 111 11 I no k III c iiii.ii.ivi-.il
t .-.. V v. oui l i.i.n i,e aciinu ill sel -ueieiiei., iiuu . . ., , , ii... j.,-- sit t-s u-okM th i.- i.i.t.r.t.b iii re- in the aci did not take effect until the 1st
s.siiiig the act by every means within thou pow- of January; yet he allowed his expendi
r;aiid,in a civil war in such a ca-e, they ivon.d hive the sympathies and upport of every mail who loved juste. 'e and sight. l"..!-.!'-e had en,;ie l in a war to propajjite thn rich's of niaa, and her fate was weil known. If we should eiino in a cml war about tlie introduction of slavery into territories where it does not exi.-t v. ii it asj.ect '.cie would be presented to
the world! It would not be a war to propite
iher of the amendments of the gentle
men from Ohio, Mr. Vinton, to increase this sum, which is at tlie disposal of the Secretary, to an indefinite amount? My only fear is we have been too yielding already. Siiil, we ore asked to grint more; cud how much more, I am unable
to s.av, as tne ameiiiimenis oi me gentie-
n
tore to run on for the first six months up
to the sum of 1,201,807, 21, ! though
he knew he would have but $780,000
for the last six months. Take his own
construction, and 1 have no disposition
n .In him injustice, vet I maintain tha
he is responsible for any jar which may
;.:i from Ohio Mr. Vinton appropri-
tc an indefinite sum. Thus it will be seen that all the indig
nation which it lias been attempted to
raise aizainst Congress throughout the
country is utterly uncalled for. If there
be cause for indionation, ii must rest elsewhere. If the Secretary of the Ttcosury had commenced his curtailments in time; if he had extended them from July, 1849, to June, 1850, instead of inc reasing his expenditures in the first six months by multiplying officers and increasing their salaries, as he has done in many instan
ces, the operation of reduction would have
eone on easily and smoothly, and no one
scarcely would have knowt. that it was going on at all. But, instead of that, the
is li.ss than 5; and take London alone.
where the great amount of duties is collected, it is less than 3. For many years prior to 18 18 the cost of collection was about the same. But to appreciate this comparison properly, we nnst adiert to oilier facts. The United Kingdom has a larger seacoast than we have. Her sea-
coasts, including the smaller adjacent . .. i. ..ii
isles, is three tiiotisauij live nunureu geogi.ipMcaliii.es. Our Atlantic coast is j
cue thousand live hunclreil, exclusive ol our islands, most of which, from the shallowness of the water between them and the main land, cannot be said to have properly more than on one side of the seacoast. The only important one is Long Island; and to measure all sides of it, would only increase the length about one hundred and twenty miles. Our gulf coast is one thousand two hundred miles, and our Paetlic one thousand one hundred, altogether, three thousand eight lunidred miles exceeding the English seacoast but three hundred miles. California and Oregon are mostly uninhabit-
t-tates cotud acopt without
priuciaie.
plan whereby all this is done
He saw one section cf tlie SU-scf th - country pushiuw their .Measures loan id irmair aad dangerous extreme; ha suv the ether section
Fie;.ai..iZ io extent! ilteir r.ieis.ires to another
that he should nrenare a r.hm ".hut Wr!!'.1 t-r
this neril. and nt..,r.. u c,,,, u. i. i writers oa the Conslitdtion
.. ... . .... h i . .. .,n i. ueiitij sections could unite without the sacrifice of env !
principle, but at the sacri.-.ce of a
onlv. H. hpliuT-d.l tl... i.;.. ......i.
.- ... w..i... iiiui .!? ir.Hllllli' S I. -I'l.Tll. I . . .1
tution, but ail was still unset. led. ,. . . . . . ..- :f ii
expenditures are increased in tho first six ed; and in view of the arirument I am now
ths, , ni l lhe resuil is, the lir which prosecutins. viz: as to tne necessity ot a
preventive force to obstruct sinugglmg.it may be thrown out of the estimate. Do so, and include our lake frontier and our exposure, and that of England would not vary a great deal, as far as length of sea-
niouins, an. i me resuu i-,
the reduction called for in the last is felt. Mr. Chairman, I have s.iiJ 1 feared that in agreeing to the amendment io the Senate resolution, we have conceded too much. We certainly have, if we had
t- . r . i . i : . i i .: I i - ....:.. 1 .. 1 1 r .. .. I, .. l ... .1
tli? riei::u cf man, but a ivitr to propn;; l- i:ie occur: lor lie ougnt so to na e pi ijec ic.i n.s nun n. u uimiii) u...c, .. .... ...... u.i .. ......
wroii-sof mail. Our iUitish ancestors were ro,im.tions of expenditures as to have the wno'.e year to go over; l ut we Have .,,lr.lH.UUv--. ;.Mr. Uayi.y viewed tne blamed, and justly, for introducing in our -(.,, operation cradtnl and ea'jy, in- not. Tlie Secretary, as 1 have already floor for an interrogation.) Does the iv.id-t this institution; and he for one, would ne- X.-.i !,-.-!, H. .m, -In .!,.. .. I. . .-ren 1 1 v- pvof...,le,l the limits nf rrenilemtin friim YirJinia assert that the
vervetefir ils lairodnclion any whetc, where Stea.i o, :i.,i. t. .. " - f , ; r . " . V u f" I " " , si !.. , M,o .,il,c?
the oeonle di i not neire it. to have distruiute.l tus renuciion unuu- u uic i.iw, nn.i ui h-uwo m mi. .iu..n... .........-.. i.u. . ..J 1 . . .. . .. 1 r . . f . . 1. . I . 1. . I , t. - ,1. -., .1,. r-n.n nrl XT- II V I V I .
L i . . , ... . .1 'I na mipe ill nt .lverv SI". I IOUI IU lllliuiil ,,.,. nnr lllii MnJ n I II 1' re aSlll. MS lie ll.iS! IllOll.Ils. '1 1 O I ll C l IIIU II 1 1 1 U 1 1 llltt Clinic l'i .111. Iia l u I i ill...
ooin classes ot .states trie otates and slave .. ... . i!i. ...... ci ........ ..in,!.. l"c -1 . . . r,., ,,,,,,,..-o ti.- . r
.r..i.:.. -r me -Males was a i:e tiaia.iie one. -.:. j , hi expenditures C.unil tt t lie lirst SI X I :;eai'i V I tie same rate Ol uisii e. leuunuiv .nr. iiiniuno. jut.- -i-.ii-a-i
1'hese series of re.-o'utioas oronosea 1 tM uuuenuiame. t-.i .no " " ......i,, an i ttu,3 nif,kiii2 a precipitate re- is ttone. There are but tne left. Can Maine alone is 2.000 miles, as he was m- , nue to S 1.000,000, it necessarily gave tlie
. . UMfl' IV ifUII l!li .1 i-S UTP tt IS UtUU IVI a t - ... . . ! - a t a- . . . -T-. . . I . . i . i .
difference of opinion, but not for tuch dirference duction necessary in the last. 1 he a-j tve, wuh due regard to the public ser- lormeil hy memocrs irom mat , ctate. , becretary tlie autliorily to do it. llisdis-
,,f r,ni.,i.,i. aswoo.hi tei.l t.i tl-.o breakir.2 upct .,,..t ,.(' revenue rn rile, and estima- vice, compress the whole red ut lion wttni n Mr. n.ubi. i cio not wish or mem crction as io tne nioue oi renuciion was
: this'Gove-nmer.t. ted for the first six months of the present five months. 1 thick not. Let it not be : to be discourteous, but 1 must say the j unlimited. Suppose the salaries of all of lie differed w idely from his friend from ..Iiea- , - 0 - , r, The amount I said that the Secretary has broiitiht it up- statement of the gentleman is not only j tl,P officers of the customs had been fixed
ana equally dang-roasext.es i.tvtaud hethoueht ' ,2V (Mr;. V"?.' 69 t0 I.-.t-.'rr .-...,.,d..,l we hnve seen, has been 'on himself, and' th t he must suffer the , incorrect, but preposterous. Why, sir. by law, prior to the act of the 3d of March.
ias 01 lie "1 .7 . . - ..i .1..;. .' .'.. '-. :... 1.. 1, 1, I, S.wi,rv n.1;, i.i I mill miU fn.ni tl.P CnnPS of 18 1(1 il l.n soh! tl. n ll.r.rnf.irn it
lie rey.iineu , m... 'jyi (jyi : t , or a 1 1 mo uin.tiu. ei ; i eiiM..ut:in.i-.. 1 1 i. uui m .o ..i.. ,v . -...... - - , ., ,........ . .. . ..... ...... ....... ..
when a cousti'atioutil question wasouce c-cuiej ,., .., ,-.,, t'ne receipts. Fhe lone, or principally, who is to suller; we , troinia to the nortliernmost port oi . was inoperative: that the last law would
1 ;.. ' . e l- o e uii.iieieiti .in .ii'-i i. , .. - -
ii. v.. it ....... . . n- w i im Kin net nil. srll eo un.er in. vuh. u
I . 1 HVf.il III!.. l't- .-..,1 ........ .. .. ... ..... -.
. ... ...... ii. mu in Cit l liill-
pensation for all employment under the
general government is so much greater than under the State government, and in the private walks of life, that all eyes are lurned here. The tendency i to divert
men from private pursuits (which are at' last most honorable) aud from employment under lhe State authorities, to look here the great fountain of wealth and honor. Tiiis tucreasrs the tendency of public
opinion to regard the States as interior corporations, instead of independent sovereignties, and tends to center cveryihing in the federal head, and leads to consolidation. This government is the idol which every aspirant worships. Besides this, ii adds asperity to our political contests. So far from there being contesis for principles, they arecontcsis for place. Bring down your federal salaries to a grade equal to that which prevails iu our Slate g-overn-metits and in private pursuits, and you wiil not only s::e a vast amount of money to this government, but you will do what is more you will reduce its patronage.
already much too great, and you will have
the public service better performed. 1 do not doubt but that vou can get a better
collector in New York for 3,000 than for 0,400. The one would take the office as a plain business man, to do its duties, and without ambitious or party liews. The other would seek it for its emoluments and political patronage. In
lhe one case, it would be filled by a practical man of business; in the other, by a
managing politician. The character ol each, under the one system or the other, would be stamped upon all under them. Widiout much more than half the expense, 1 maintain the cheap system would be the most efficient. I eio not recommend that the salaries of those w hose
salaries are already low should be much rrduced. By no means. I would strike at those w ho receive the exorbitant salaries. 1 would harpoon lhe bin fish, not the small. I would lly al high game. I know it is supposed that the Scerctaty of the Treasury cannot touch these. Ii is said their salaries are regulated by law. I do not concur in this opinion. When
the law of the 3d of March, 1S19, passed,
requiring the Treasury Department to reduce the expenses of collecting the ree-
pushed thts end. He believed ikat, in ell concessions by one section, they should recti ive a
compensation; aud by a cirtfu! and calm c. !-
II- nut it to ceiit'.emeu to sv U ttiere was noi
r . 1 . . . ' 11 l. I .- .-. L. - . U r . -i I . .- o ,1 if hi. I. n ' l i i.io
i in iini tanet. Ol tills Siatcmciil .n uit .tru , iiiiim iuuf n mo. ..uuiii, on.. .. i .
I . i.i i. ...iti .ir. ,. ' m. T.t?nnv
: . . ,., cnttn i erre.t. we hkim iuh. ii m "ui -' -n. uiioono.
i.'- .it.-. .r .: 1 . . . , .
...... -...u.i vi itic resoiui.ons, lli'.s wo to be carried out.
I a the fi
:T---,r
an actual existiiie piwer s..nie o-ie . c . .i. . n ...t. ..-; u.i
cuce or exciu.ie sin. . inn. . i-., n - . o nt-.r iiiternosino:..
l'efore the tre.'.ty piniiu s i'n -,i i -, ... --
st-.i la .Mexico, l.r s.v.ne time we coul.l not uansaii
- . e - . i , i r i . i ..-. ir : : : .1 .. i - t t. .- , .- -.'
li this condition ol auairs tne nre-' punish tne country lor ins luutis. 1 niiijirom ursimia iiii'mu me udpdiminu. . . ... :. I.:. .. . ;..:ll:.. .....:..rt...ll(.ri. .l...r-rio..t .-(.i. i in liic nio-iciirnniunt
the i tea SU1 . I ll ll -s i:i 1. .i 1 1 u- 1 1 1 1 11 1; in 1,1 c 1 1 1 1 1 1 ihi u.i jii l.-. ui) . - - i. m in. ..... ... ..
be controlled and nullified bv ihose which
Did the geutleman .had preceded it? I do not know in what
If so. where was the power?
I with Mexico thp.t power was ves
.k I... i.,-, ii,... it, t. rri.'nrv nr.i! the sovereign- h,.,..:,..,,- i r-.-ii 1 spn i-en.-c of OUT UOt hav- will sustain me. It shall be
tv ever it. Mexico parted with the territory ' ...,-!;,... I f,.r that tr.liPOSC. Still and probed to its bottom.
. -.. ..-..-...-.... lit. i' 1 -1. . - -11 1 ... - - . . ... .
uvrs an 1 thes- expenditures went on. Tl.e Sen-; The expenditures nl this government est confidence in Ins science and accuracy , befo-e'Li'-pbeiii-.'' first orcani.-.ed, took up the are too great in all of its departments, and and because I learned he had all the charts
rst resolaiian :t wa, .;. ihnf r ;i..-r
niashouM be admitted into the Union without any provision either prohiliiiuj or aii.iitti.i-r Slavery. But Centim n from the South sar, that in this the North p t dl that th-v want that slavery is already prohibited there, and the ends and purposes of tlie free States have been accomplished. This is true. But by whom has it been cone? H is it been done bv ConSress, or
- I'te t. over n m ii 1 7 Mo. but bv the . . r ,. in ex- . tl
people of Cahfornu .!., 1.... . i. I," ... . ' 1 uere ..s no porr
:. i...i.-i,iiii', "o - i i..'v tj .., ... .., r..i..niti.ii rtrp l it suu ai
if it be extravagant. But, sir, tins whole ! Mr. IJAlLi. 1 did not make tne . .- i-r-i . 1 i-.i . . T : . . .
ti.injinust t e looke.i into, ana 11 v-ouitiess measurement, i appueu n iii-uinidm
r ....r ..,-.! Iiiv. ..ill .n-i-h. mo it dm ho ookftii into Mmirv to in p. is tire the two coasts lor me.
I applied to him, because I had the great-
and the sovereignty to th- l inlea now the United States have all the . 1 11 . r . .
soTereicuiv '"s..i vS .,. .....- ,....- ..... - c , ,, , . - i.. : tt -.: ,.. r.. ,t. .... - ..u:..h I , h.-.-k f ;-.h... nf ii, r -.-..-.
treaty Tee power does or does not exist . I,,, ci jn advance Ol US. mat nooy in none more uiau m eiiiiciiiiig uui i i nceesai mi mr .uqniK, hhu'i iiiaisum m. iiui.a.. mi. nwuii. And. if it exists, the United States have all the 'J ' , , - t , now before us, nue. AYhcn w e consider the character of not. His measurment is along the gene 1 Mv acquaintance with him is slight; but
! powers poss-ssed by Mexico, under the limit i-: l ' - -J r ,t,,- r,.srnt fi.eal vear our system prior to the law of the 3d of ; ral outlines from headland to headland, 1 such as it is, has made a very favorable
... r . i . ' .1 1 1 1 I v l ' . ' -. i - - - .
nunc m i in i .mil it'll. ill . - , . . .
code of laws such rules of construction are to be found. Certainly in none wilh
which I am acquainted. This brings me to the circular of the Secretary of the Treasury. That circular, Mr. Chairman, public duty requires me to say, I consider a palpable violatioti of
law. I no not wish lo say anything
Ihdr a. .. r i. .. . . . - . I.msM lenti: I in- l I' ii, !.. ''"'-
P ate should L ?,8r 1 , peV, eV'ry i of slavery, bat th.re was no power piven in exh b it sCerv .J 1 i'i' V r r:" rress terms over an inf.n.le vanity of other subnail s.avery, M they should ..eem proper?- ; hih t.ti everv day. It: The question involved in the aiuiiss-on of Mis- ; cU n . ; . .. . ,vu ,i.re was a
i .t l 1 l. I o ill .... ... I. . i, en ri -i m i'i r - nvitliicK'n nl h-i vc li irnnrc ir I 1C. I i-.r..ciin i r-rn mo frttr-irilu r.i -n ----
lil.KllieMllll .Tllt,n, , 1.1. . ... ...i. i... .......... ,. , "j ' : : l..U I ' . 'l. . ....
i. nf Line 184' althou mi the re- is raised, it is not perceived now u coiiiu creeks, ana outer inueni utons in umu anv. nut puouc our, requires me io ex-
I"-.:".. wne,rr. tter S-tate hii-llormed a I aL..;ir(., V.ere fo'd.v.v.d a power to
'.nl wasorpn.xed aj. Mate oi lhe .0!lt-0,. lU Woiia2!y ai.tii.te.l that Ci.tiress L B.on, Congress had tl.e power to control t.ie . , ,. -....to iucsl.,verv into tlie Ter-
i ritones; the powers of introduction nud exclu-
setion of that State on tiie suhiect of e'avery.
tnose of the Sonth who favored her admission
into the Union, held the ductriue that once a -.late, she ttood among h-r peers equal in all respects to them, and that her rghts aud powers over that subject were as c!ar and unqaestiona- ' I- .. those of any one of the thirteen original .lates, and that Con press lu,d no authority or power to control her actinti i-i lii le.ist r9oct.
He thought the friends ot the Wilniot Troviso shoah! be well satl-Mod with his declarstion, aud
:. ... oo.
..."f... . .,i'..r-te. 1 f,.r that vear wns S33.- have been otherw ise. No appropriations ; countrie s. And here 1 beg to remark that
.I'liuc iiiiivi.." ::,. i. .. . - .. 031 276, and for this year the Secretary made by law; no accountability; every- m this respect the measurement is against .,;,'",.,-;, -.i c-it 500.000. It was ac- thing left to the discretion of the Secreta-jUs. Let anv one look at the maps, ami
"11 it :!.,. ti r..i! .rhlimtt rr nf iIip 'PrMinirv mill collectors! Mv I thev will see this. Nothincr can be more
tt I'tnti'iu
objection.
oil ci.les It nasse 1 wi thout rv of the Treasury and collectors!
It niv.r.mri ited for the pre- onlv surprise is. that things have not been ; indented and irregular than the coast of
--ti i - . . . , . . ... .... . i,
But thev have been bad enougn. : the United Kingdom, wnne ours is com
worse.
sent vear 2,132,636, that being the a
mount expended in the fiscal year end- What ine June, 1S48. But it was represented Secrei
do you suppose, if we grant the
Secrelarv of the '1 reasurv all he asks,
-.. . 1- .1-- T t'..- ...Iti c nf .-.11rlin.T tllA rpvpniic.
.... r... . i imp ii - in.- .-.-iii-i.iiv i.i it. in i r lur ..,-'! v.-i.-...; ... ......
MO UUI I A'lliiii".tv -7 j - . - , Caii.ornia, 0 . ,. 11 rivuhim nnro. fur llin rirr-sml fiswl vear! He eppend-
ireasun moi ...iu ..v -.-. c - - , . ..
lief ccordm2 IO ins construction, lie ea 111 me nasi.M.x humiui?, a i...v ..- IICI" - - ... , a. . . r. , -..-.. 11. I.. 1 . .
sioa went together.
As to t!:e second trcth, that sltirery was not
likelv to exist in anv part of the Territories, h
tiad a few words onlv to say.
her own actiou, had excluded slavery forever from her limits; and there, if auywheto in the T...;i..rto. it wa most likelv that s'.averv
would have found a foothold; and if slavery is V. j,jm jscj io,739 52 differ- $1 .323.000 more, making $2,61 6,897. strongest inducement for smugging. without authority not rermitv.d there, where else in the Ternte- v.on on. j c
already had 6780,000; and this resolu- ready seen, $1,291,897. He asks forjeration. J . I . n 1 rt - an t . . 1 1 iT . 1 no 1 fti ... A.r. .v... I- i ni, rl 1 ROT .Irnnirm
press the opiniornJ entertain. The law
to w hich I have referred contemplated the reduction of the expense of collecting the revenue. Its object is stamped in letters too plain to be misread upon its very face. It was to reduce the expense of collecting the revenue. To relieve whom? The
government alone? By no means; but the country! The Secretary, however, in some cases, shifts the burden from the government to the shoulders of the mer-
The English tariff affords the j chant and importer. By his circular, and
he has virtually 111-
paratively otherwise. As far, therefore, as the extent of seacoast is concerned, as large or even a larger preventive force is necessary than with us. But this is not the main consid-
f .e-TI 1. I'l'lil I'ticd bv
.rii"; but ii" vou llonW cii-.'prri'.mn ot ibis dc-
piimneni, it wiil be ohierlnil grunted. Mos. respect ' c. , vnur nheiin-ui servant, II. J. WAI.KKri, S-.-retnrv ot trie Tr-nsiirv. fl.n. Jah:.i J. MeKvv. " CbiiiiTii hi nl :l e '..to. o! Whys m l Mer. Again, on the U5;h of May, 1840, lie wrote as follows: Tkka-I !V I I l'.l,::;rxr, M ..y 'J.., lS-ift. - Sir.: liiv.nir he-n itilnrmed bv inn titt.it the
iiv-,.r, ,.)s made in n.y leuer.it lhe Zn of M treh ia.-t. so lar sn rrqii.re.1 the li.niintioii of lhe cxp. nsi s .nt iili-iii io tlie coll-cuo'l t lie rev- nue, and I hi: regulation of the niw by lnw. met til.- appro' .ion ol tli Commit-t.-e .l U tyi r.n l .!r,aiis, 1 ,.n. o-k: a provision t'.ir c.vr. i n tr thi s- sii'j. st mis iieo eif..-; , 'I'll j r.ivisi.ni. it is holicv.'il. 1 . . , t 1 ' r'np- ! ded is a ii. w fert!,.i to tlio r. ported to lie tti nin.Coo lar todncii tiie iiu;isuii import. ll th it li,!l shoii'd no' beeo've a Irw, and the priivteniiis of t'i" pteneio tariff rrmnin unail. T. d, the eTpi iisi s itienient to t he collectio'i ol the r. vt-niir, iiiolii iui r .Ir i.v i.ieUs, lis'nn '. Oiliii es, tind nllnivniii i s. ctiniii t, willi s ite!., e limited to tii.; sums now proposed bv tins department. i am ven resp-'clldllv, vn;ir nhrdien' "-vant, ' K. J. W ALKtiii, S. crei.,ry ol lhe Tieus.iry Hon Jim J. M. Kv, t.'h -iroiiin nftbe Com.tiKtee nfV.'ifii "Vie-ma. leit litrhcr infi't.d, Th it the am el ot to be d "nined in pi.nient nl th- oVjienses iii citiiiiuil to lhe iinlei-iieii ot itie revenue slm'l ti..' i-mt.-i!, in tbe wnole. ..r 'he tis.-.il vear, eiiii.ni; 3'.;h of j .tie, IK!?, or f.vr a 11 v list'.il
Vfar s ieecediii, lhe sw n i,f one million v. ii iiiil'-'d and i.veiitv thousand dollar, and th .it the S-i riltuy nl the Treasurv nil ii! Invfi fu I power tn iliiiiinish nnv bianeli or it. in of Slid rxpeudiri!T, so as f,i tumtr ih nofl-. r ite aio. unit w .thin lhe litni titi 'ii above menti.med, .in.1 fu- 'i-r -ift ;r tho wh ile g e-s n. mount ut lhe tui he liionevs, by whuinsorver ret-eivod nr e.:iei (ed, shi I be paiti into tho iretisii-v; and all exn eiijri die aininint ii'mv.; stated . shah be pud ,,ui 0 anv monevn in die
ireasin v, n otiier .vise iippro,ni.iied ; an I the ticeii:iits lin lenl sii.i. i,e remieied to the proper :u c. .tinting i. fiiceis ot .he treasury lor adusnn.'iit b.- them. Tlie recommendation was subsequently renewed; but, under the diiiiculty of getting bills through Congress, the hill to carry these recommend uions into effect did not pass this House until the liiih of March, 1818. That was before any t.ominations for the presidency were made, and when, of course, few anticipated that this administration would come into power. The hill dii! not pass the Senate until lhe 3d of March, 1819. But before il passed, it came to this House w ith amend
ments, where, if it had been disapproved, it could have been defeated. Before I conclude, I have a w ord to say about the warehousing system not by way of argument to sustain our opinions, but, for the information of the House, to state them. I believe tliat the Committee of Ways and .Means are decided in favor of tliat system, but with some modifications. I speak with confidence of the democratic part of the committee. We think it of great benefit to every industrial pursuit in lhe county the agricultural, the raechan-
! ical, the commercial, and the manufactu
ring. We are satisfied tie country will never surrender it. But we think the plan of public warehouses ought to be abolished, except so far as to provide warehouse room for unclaimed goods. We do not think that the government ought to engage in the warehousing business any further than is indispensable, any more than in any oilier business to which individual enterprise is equal. Let us open free competition in this business, under proper safeguards and regulations, and that competition itself will reduce the cost of warehousing to the lowest possible amount, to the relief of commerce, and without a tax upon the government or anybody else. The system with us was a new one, and doubtless we have much
to learn in respect to it. in the first instance, some mistakes may have been committed mistakes against which hu. man foresight could not guard. But up ju
the whole it is a wise one, and with t.ucb.
modifications as experience may sugesr t, it will be cherished.