Indiana American, Volume 15, Number 50, Brookville, Franklin County, 10 December 1847 — Page 2

A II E R I C A N

By the kmdn ty Tt.U.s Ksq....fesaee was .leli-ered to Confirms on Tuesday at 2 oVIock P. M and was ielerapriel to -iacinnati. Kv the lassistanee and politeness of Mr. Browne, the Pnl.li.rier I'llie Cincinnati Pommereial, we are enal.le.lto .resent it to onr readers this morning, it heins only about Low 'rn the time of its delivery in Washlncton. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. FM-tr l ithrvs i,t' the S,notf mi 1 t Ifi iisr i'f HtjnrscHttttives: The annual meeting of Congress is always an intcrestm.? cxent. The rrpreseinaiixes of the States ami ot the people come- fresh from their constituents, K take counsel to::.-ih.rfor tin' common good. After an ei-ietice ol near three quarters of a centurv, as a lice and iiidcieiideiii republic, the problem remains no Linger to l- solved, whether man is capable of s.-ll ..wTiiiiient. The suc.vss ol our admirable s si. in is a conclusive refutation of the theories ol those, in oih r countries, who maintain t hat a fax on J tcxv are liorn to rule, and that the massed mankind mu-l lie i-ownied by toroe. Subject to no arbitrary or hereditary authority, lire people are the only Hivi-itins r.-oignized by our constitution. Numerous eitiirants. of cxvrv lineage and language, attracted by the civil and religions freedom xve enjoy, and by our happy condition, annually crowd to our .-lion and transfer tin ir hearts, not less than their allegiance, to the country. xxh.ise dominion lir-lnnys ahne to tlie people. No count rv has been so much favored, or sliould aeknoxx k-dge. ith d.i-per reverence, the manifestation ol the Pix ine protection. An all-wise Crea tor direct. l and go art lex) us. in our inlant slrusTgie lor freedom, and has constantly x ateli-d over ota smpri-inf progress, until e have liei-onio one ol the ureal Nations ol the earth. It is in a country thus laxor.sl, aim under a govf rniiH m in xx hu h th.- Kv.vutive and l-esrislaiixf; branch. .5 bold their auihority, for limited perKlalike from the people, and xx here all are responsible to tlu ir respective cisiisiiiuciieics. that it 13 aijain my duty ts communicate xxith Consres- upon the stale of the t nion. and the present condition ol public affairs. During the past year the most gratifying proof are present, d that our country has been blessed with a xx id.' -iiresd and unix. r-al pr.tspciit v. Then ha been noimi.ij since tlie government was found ed, xxhui all tne industrial pursuits of our people nave uvn m.ire suc.-es.-iui. or xxheti labor in a branchts ol business, has received a fairer or better reward, l'rom our abundance, xxe ha ye been enabh-d to perlorin the pleasing duty of Inrni-litii; food lor the statviu nnllions of less favored conn tries. In theenjoynient of the Kiunties ol Providence at borne, such as have rarely fallen to the lot of any people, it is cause of coii-.raiiilation. that onr fntercourse xx nh all the powers of tlie earth, e.vcepi .Mex ico, continues to i- ot an atmcaiuc cliaracu li has ever ltti our t-heihcd jiolicy to cultivate peace aiul good xxni xxitti all nations: ami this pot icy has been siea.ti iy pur-u.tl hv me. No change ba- taken place in our relations will Mexico, since the adjournment ol the last I'oii gress. 1 he xxar inxvlncli the I nired states were torceil to eiiL'aire xxith the government ol lhat coun try. still continues. I deem ii unnecessary, after llie full exposition ol ilietn -ontaiiievl in my ni sasfe t tliellttiot .May lt46. and my annual message at the commencement ot the session ol I onsrres. in IHwnilier last, to reit eraie tne ss . rhis cau-es oi conipiaint xve had asainsi Mexico. b. lore she commenced h.vsttliiies. it is -i.riu lent on tne present o"casion. to say. that the wanton violation ol the risrhts of persons and property of our citizens, commuted by Mexico, her repeat. d acis ol bad laith. throiiiih a lona series ol years, and her disregard ol ssdenin treaties, stinula ting for indeninity to onr injured citizens, not onlx cxnstmited ample cause ol xxar on our part, but were of such an a-;sirava!ed character as would haxejusiiried u. before the whole world, in it sorting to the exireme remedy. With an anxious desire to avoid a uiptute U tx-cn the two ountries, we lorn. ire. tor ars. lo assett ourclear rights bv for.-e: aiul connnuesl to s- k rodivss tor the wronsrs xve ha. snrieiTd. by amicable negoiiaiions, in hotH-st that Mexico might yn l.l to pacihc counsels and the h . maiidss.1 iii-nc. . In this hope we were disappoint . Owy Mim-terof peace s,nt to Mexixxas in suiting n jo n-d. I he .Mexican tixtxenmient retus etto bear, xi n the teuiw ot adjustment which lu xva's auiho! i7ed to iiroiv.s. ; and luiallv. underwhol. ly unnistifi.-.ble (ireiexis, involxe.1 the two countties m xx ar. bv invading the temiorx ol tlieStaleot Tex as, sinking the first blow, and -ind-.lmg tlie blood ot our citizens on our oxx n soi l hough the I iin.-,i tat.- xxere the a.wriexe.1 na tion. M.xnv commenced ilie xxar; and we xvert x-oiiiptlie.1. in - It-delen.v. to np I ihc invader, an. vindicate the national honor and niterestx. by pro-e cutinsf it xxi.n vigor, until xxe could obtain a just ana nouorauie p ace On learning that hostilities had Ui n commenced by Mexico. I promptly comniunicaied that fact, ac companies! xx nh a succinct eiatemciit ot our otlie causes ot csniiiaini against .xie.xt.x, to t onf r ss. and that Imv. by the act .-t the I'.ith f May. lb It.. iteclaietl ibat by act ol tlie Kcpuhltcot Mexico. slate ol xxar extsi.l U txv.-en thai lisix eminent and tne l nit.vi Ma I hi- aci. .i.vlaiing the war K exist, "by ill act ol the Kepublic ol Mexico." and niakinsr pivix i-nxti tor lis pr.xse.-n lion to a sneedx and succe- tul t iminaiKiii. xxas pass.-.! w nh great mianiiniix i x ' oii;'i s.-, mere t in.. iut nx, ne' lixe v.ii.s in the Senate, and but louiicen in th House ot Kepie-. iitatix. s. Tlie existence .it ihe xxar hax ing thus bet n declared by t'on! it Uvaine mv duly, under iht Cousin. in. -ii a. kI the law s. to conduct and ptxv cute U. I'l.is duty has tieeti p. rt.H in.-d; and ili.High at evety s ::i'je .it i: progr. ss. I have Inamt. -i.-J a xvillingiu-s 10 teiiiiiii.iTt it by a just p. a.v. Mexiiv. has refus J lo acisle to any teims xx Inch cxtiild U axpiesi by the I iiile.1 Slates. tMiisi-temly xxiili the ll lli.iil . I honoi and inl. i. -Is. Tlie rapid and hi illiant su.vvss. s ol ur ann. ai d the xa-t xnin ol tlie in lux 's t.-riitoiv xxhichhad I, n ovsiiun and .vn.piere.i U i.ire the cl.se ol 1 1 la-t s,s-i..u t t on . xx. Te fully knoxxii.lo ll at t ,xiy. Since that time the xx ai ha Uni iio-viii. ,1 xxith iiici. :--.! eiiei: x : and I am "iaiitied to state, xx nh a ucc ; - xxln. ii . .tiiimantl-uuixri-al a.lmi a tion. Iti-toix pi. nw no paialh I ol s many sdouous victories achh-x-.tl by any nation xxiihins.. short a pet iosI . itur arnix . r. vi.l u - and xolinitn rs. Imv imvo,,,, ihemsvlxe- xx nh im4-ii--hable honors. WU-iexe ana xxuiiexei .no lk.i s uaxc . uountrrv,i tne cue . . ...i . .i. , lux . iiiougit ii.- xa-oixaiix iiicrior nuiiilKrs. an. . tu n s nii ii. if .1 in tortih.tt pt-iu.n-.i bi .ixx s ls-ti..n. an.1 .1 -Teat -in t.flih. he ha- U en i. le; xi T.H iioi.'li pr.il e cannot U' l--towed Umi.. xtr'icet- and in. ii. gutai-s an.1 xobnit.i r-. and th gallantly. di-. i; l liidoiiuiahlc Miira'e and p. st eieii . .ei -e. kmiv iim' i.i-i- .t .tail.'.T. ail. vitiilg xx uh e:i. h o'.lh I lild.'.xt-ol noble dai W hlle exeix pllllotV In ait III II-1 . 1 , 1 1 . aihl a jii: nstiouat pi i.ie amiii.i'c . xi ix l.i nm. in U If. I, I tie high pr.x.ti - ..I coiirrt- c. o.i-.a.ima'c militr.rx skill, stea.lv iti-cij. line, and buinanitv to tlie vai. xliii-tied . u. nix . xIim.m.t! by ot.r gallant artny.il U3IIO.I i . .1111 10 in. vini c.x.r in- lo s ot man traeotii. , is and .i.t,.-r x ho have tnll.-n in ,, I. nee ot their co ncrx " honor o.kI iiitetxv-ts. I I brave dead m.ii!t.ir in. lait.aMlv fate in a hw. i latht. noi.lv 'iii, ir daiy. and with iIh i country s ti:i; xx ax in.- ti miiit li.iimx in iIn la.v uie i.'. u ir pain.iitc .i.-.sis arc jii-tly a;rtxvia ..si. an.i .s in i.in i' r. in. iiuw nxi iix itieir rati ui s-vmntrym. it. I he pan mat careot the governin. n liny loed an.1 -,-rx.xl should !. exteruKM to th. i snrx ix iiii.. l.uiiilt. -. .-uoiiix am i i nc a.iOuruni. nt 01 ine last ssmoi oi t ongrt . tne ;;ra'ilx in:. inielli!ren.v xx a ni iv il sM tlie lui tic ot l-iuna ista. and ol iIk fail Metiiyol . ta I mz. and xx nh it ihe stiong fasii. sl Sail Juan t lloa. by xx In. h it xxa- ,1. 1, ,i,hv. ; i , .1 t . i r,,ii ,ii;ii ;iu r in, alio oin. r stb-v-s's ssx h.m orable to our aim-, and so .h-a-troii- io Mexicsx. ll .-ri.d xx a- pr..piii.i,is to alioi.i h. r anoilh-r .riu .nix . ii -ne ith.i.oni pro, r lo en.l.ra.v it. to cni.i inis m'f.H-iaiious hr a.v. a .Miiinii- ion. r xx a nsn.iu-.i ... ,M io n t-aii-qiiart, rs ol xtut army, xxui. i.ni ,., r to enter on n.-gotiatum.-. an. i cxiiH-tiisle a ju-t and h.m.xable ln aivof ieav.' lie was not direct. si to make any neox. rtures ptace. but xxa- tit, U ar. r of a d patch. from ll It-cretarv ol Matct ilk f Tmtisl .... . i- . , ... -tai.-s. io tne vim i"i w rimii'ii .-n airs ol xt, i,. ,n n eoly to out rcsvned inxm ihe laiter. ol the nd ( rchrnai v ?-. in wiu.ii ilv Mexican ., rnnn nt xxas in lonnesi x in- a(.1.ininieni. and ol b aim . ins ns,.n,v at ... .... ....... , .- ,o . niw ini n, x a m. i . and lhat he xxasesuxi wiin iiu pow.rs io.Nm. tudc a dehnitetn a x . i-ii.-e. ssii, uvxertne xie.xican government intohi sigiuix au.-uv to .i.i mi. xx I, lie I xxas mux illii,s to suoieci tne i nitot Mates to anihtr in.li.snan rtiittl I - , ... .w...l. .i ,u. .i . i u i i . "e extis.H Ills' Wat sinnuu not ne proiracte.1 a day l.msr.-r than mi.v ,t i-n-nd. re.1 als-oun. Ix necessary by liie Mexican gov-niiiiK-ni. V3iv xxast.iK. nio sixe no instruction to the eoniimsMont r vxluclicxnil.t in any way inter Vre with our military ,i-rati,ns, xr relax Wen ergies in the pr.i-.sii tion of the war. He posse--- si j...ir..in in any uianmT lo iiir.H I Ilex' Ofx-ra ..r .-isaiuiHiriztM toexiiit.it ins instruct i.h ....iR-s.eiRrai m comniaikt ol iti. armv. aiul trie event x.l a treaiv Imug s-.m.-huhsl aiKlratih.,; smi the part of ,-XM. wsa dir.vui lo gixv hi,,, iis.iist oi tuai ra, i. 1 1, ,.. haixoemna .si ...., tingency, and on iv, ix in. noti.v tli.T-i-ssf. ili.. t;, nera! in csimmaihl xx as m-tnhM.xl. bv ihe Scvreiarx xh xx ar. to susjn,. tunl r active military operations until turtiier orvLresl. Tliese lo-irtKuon-xvere given wnb a vu xv to intenint Iuxsiilittes until the treaty thu- ratified bv Mexico could le trar.snmted to W alnnvrton, and rxsvix tlie action ot the gxixemm - ,au ' dnes't.sl. .vn reach .ellens ral in csHiiinan.1 e fxxre troin tlie Stvreiaiy ot

State to the Minister of foreign Aflairs of Mexico:

and on receiving it, the General was instructed, bv he Secretary ot War, to cause it to he transmitted to the commander of the Mexican forces, with a ro piest that it might lie communicated to his govetnnent. The Commissioner did not reach the headquarters .1 the army until another brilliant victory had rowned our arms at Cerro liordo. The despatch which he bore from the Secretary ol War to ilie IJeneral in command ol the army, was received by that officer, then at Jalapa. on the 7th favot May. l4i, together with tliedesixateli ol tlu Secretary ot State to ihe Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mexico; hax ing U-r-n iran-nim.-d to him from Vera Cruz. The Commissioner arrived at the headquarters of the army a tew days afterwards. His presence with the armv, and his diplomatic character, were made known to the Mexican government frsxmPuehla. on the l Jthof June. IJ47, bx ihe transmission of tlie despatch from the Secrelarx of State to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mex ico. Many weeks elapsed after its receipt, and no o-enures were made, nor xx as any desire expressed hy the government ot .Mexuu to enter into negotiations for peace. Our armv uursiict its march upon tlie capiial and as it approach., it was met hy a formidable, resistance. Our forces first encountered the enemy and achieved sisrnal victories, in the severely conteststl bailies ol Contreras and Chtirubuh-eo. It was not until aln r llwse t ions had resulted in deci sixe victories, and the capital of the enemy was xxithtn our iiwt, that the Mexican povernnieni itianilesttHl any disposition to -hut into any negoti at ions lor peace: and even then, events have prov ed, there is tim much reason to believe, they were insincere; and lhat in agreeing to go through tlie lorms of negotiation, the object xx as to gain time to slrensihen the deleiices ol the capital, and Drcnart lor fresh resistance. I lie t n-neral in coinman.1 ol tlie armv deemed it exiiedienl tosusind hostiliiie: teniporatily, by entering into an armislii'e. with a view to the opening ol negotiations, commissioner! were apfiointesl on the part of Mexico, to meet the the I oiiimissioiier on ihe part ot the I lined Slates The result of ihe conferences which t.Kik place be txveen inese functionaries ot tne two governments xx as a failure to conclude, a treaty of iieace. Tin Commissioner ol the I nitixl Stales tiok xx ith hin he nroi.-ct of tlie treaty aln-a.lv iirenared. by tin terms of which, the iii.lemniiv requir.il by the I'niled States xx as a cession ol territory. It is xx ell knoxx n thai the only indemnity which i is in mc power oi .Mexico lo niaKe. in satislactioi for the just and long deterred claims of our citizens. asamsi ner. anil uie only means ny xx nicli the can rt iniburs the I nued Slates for tint exiienses ol h xx ar. is a cession to tne l nited Mates ot a ponton ol tier territory. Mextexx nas no money to pay. am no oihcr means ot making the required indemnity if xx e retiist- it xx e can obtain nothing else. To re cet indemnity by reliising to ai-ept a" cession offernt.irv. xxoulit lie to al.aii.1on all our pist demands. and to wage rne war. lKaring all its exiienses, with out a puriKxse or detinue oliicct. A state of war abrogates treaties previously cxis ting betxxeen the lielligerents; and a treaty of (it-ace puts an end lo an claims tor indemnity lor tortuou: acts committed under the authority of one srox-ern ment against the citizens and subjects of another. unless they are provide,! lor in us stipulations, i treaty of peace which would terminate lhe xistin war. without providing tor indemnity, would ma ble Mexico, an a. knoxx ledtfixl debtor, and herseil ihe agsressor in the war. to rvlioxe hers. 1 1 from liei pist liabilities, f'.y sin-h a treaty our citizens xxno hold just demand-- asraiiist Iht. vxould have no rem edv tor inem. eitlier againsi .Mexu-o or their ow goxt ninient. thirduty to these cilizi ns must tor ever prevent such a v ace; and no treaty whicl d.iesj not provide ample means of xlischarring thest demands, can receive mv sanctum. A treaty ol peace should settle all existing dilli-r enees lietwecn v two countries. It an a.li .jiiai cession ot territ.xry lie ma.le bx- such a treaty, tin I nited States should release Mexico from all he liabilities, and assume their payment toouroxvn cit izens. It instead of this, the I mted Slates wenconsent to a treaty by which Mexico should again engage to pay the m ax y auiounrot such iudebte.1 ness which a just indemnity to our government and citizens would innwvse on tier, it is notorious lhat si does n.xt possess tlie means ts meet such an unde taking, t-'rom such a treaty no result could lie an tieipated, but the same irritating disapiHiintmen which nave Heretofore aitende.1 ihe violations ol similar treaty stipulations on tlie part vl Mexico. Mich a treaty would lie out a teni.rary cassation ol hostilities, without the restoration ot the friends) and good tindersiandtng xxhich should characterize iIh intercourse lietween tl' two coiiniries. That Coiiiznss cotitemplatexl tlie ax.-plance ol territorial indemnity, wnen mat t.i.iy madeprovi ion l.r tlie pi.xseeim.m ol tire war. is obvious. f ..iiiiress could not have meant, when in Max l-M. they appropriates! ten millions of dollars, aiii authorized the lYesulent to emnloy tlie militia a naval and military forces ol the Cnited States, and i axwpi tne services ol tilty lliousaiut x-olunteer to enable bun to prxise. ute the xx ar. and when their last session, and after our armv had inxa.lei Mexixxx. they made additional appropriations, ami atuliorized the raising ot additional troons lor I same purpose, that no indemnity xx as to beohtnine ir.w.1 MeTi-ss at the eomiusl.m ol t he war: nits ii xx as certain mat n no .xiexican temiorv was ac quired, lhat no indemnity could lie obtained. ll is furtlier manifest that Congress eoiitcninlate territorial indeninity. from the fact that al their last sessi.m an act xxas passed iiHn the executive n' .-oinins n.l.iiioii, appr.iH'iaiing three millions oi ibxllars with that expn ss obj.vt. The appropriation xx as ma.te to enanie ttK- iTesident to conclude tnaty of iiea.-e, limits an.1 Imnndarics with i1h re puiiiie oi xiexi.M, to in' u-aeu tv mm in Ihe even that said treaty, when signe.1 bv the authorized agents xf the two governments, ami duly ratilied bx Mexico, shall call for the expenditure of the same or any part tlicreot. I he ol,v( in asknisi tins ai1 propnation was distinctly staiisl in the st vera messages on that pulect, which I Cxiinmunicated Similar appropnations, made in lsxxt. and 1xn which xxer n-l.-trtsl to. xxere intendc.1 lo lie annlii in part consideration for the cession of lAXiiisiana an,l tlie Hondas. In like manner it was anticipa tcxi mat in seining tne t, rins oi a treaty ol limn and Uvundaiies xx ith Mexico, a cession of tenitorv estimated to lie ol greater value than the amount ol our demands against her, might he obtained; an. thai ilie prompt payment ot tins sum. in nail con sideration tor lite territory ceded, on ih. conclusion oi a treaty, and its latiiicaiion on her part, nils tie an iii.iuceni. in wnn ner io make such a evasion if terutoiv as xxoul.l In sall"tact.MV to the I nner States. And alt hotioh tins failure to conclude sus " treaty nas r. ii.tcred it nnnevessary lo use any ol ilie thr.-e million appisvpi lai.st by that act, and ill eniin-snni snll leinams in the treasury, it is still applicable to that ohpvt. should the onti nTene sviit making such approfirianou profier. l lie tioet line ol "no lernniry, is the doctrine ol no ind. niniH ; and it sanctioned, xxoul.l be a pnbli a. knoxx I.Mgnient that oiircsxuntiy xx as wrong, and that the xxar st.vlanM by Congress xvnli exiraonlin ary 1111:111111111 v. was unjust, and should ho abai noiisM. an a.iuussion iimoim.i.M in lact. and tleora .tin., to the national cwamcter. The ii rm? .i th, irtaty prois.l by llie I luted States, xveiv no! oil Iv jus! ivi Mexi.-o. but omsidering the charact .... 1 i .1 -.. .. aini aiiniiiiii ot sur claims ine unpistitialile ami uii.roxoked coiniii, n.-s 111. nt ol h.isiiliii. s. by ut the. xp. nss-s ot ilie xxar to xx Inch xxe have ls u -ul . . .. 1 1 . 1 . . . . 1 teens.. 311,1 in,. su,-,vss xx men na.i att. n.t.sl on arms, xxer.- d.sni.sl to lof a mol liU ral charac ter. 'l'l. - d : . . .1 1 . ... . net .Miiiuis-ioiuT 01 ine 1 1111.M Mates was au iiioriAu loa.'ree 10 ine esiaiiiisiiment 01 the . Ii. rande as ihe liound.iiv: Irom its entram"e inio t toill to its ititersaviion xs nh the s.(iiil rn boundarx 01 .exx- M. xieo. m north laiiiu.le alnut tlurty-tw d. gi.vs; and to obtain a cession to the I'nitod State l the provm.tsol New MexisMaiul ilieCahlormas and ihe privilege st tlie right ol xx ay aenxss tin" lstii mils ot 1 eluiainepee. The iNxundary ol the r.io tirande. and the ces si.xn to the 1 nned States sf New Mexico and I p. r California ctinstituusl an illiuniltim. vx Inch out t. oiimiissioiiiT xxas, under no circiiinstan.,s t, yield. That il might he inanih-si. not only to Mex 10. but 10 all oilier naii.His. thai the I int.d State xxen not ilisp,sst.l to take advantage ol a feel I. power. tv insisting iip.sn xxn-stmg from her all h. sillier pnxviinvs. iiuiihlmg niaiiv ot Inn- prins-ipal toxvns and cnies xxhich xxe had conquered, an.l held in onr imliiaty x.vupation. but xx ere willing to conclihle tlie Irtatv in the spirit of liln-ralitx-. out Commissioner xx as authonzesi u stipulate for tlx restoration ux Mcxunx, of all onr other tMii.iihsi .as ine tennoiv to tie asMiurxM .v t ie Ikiundaiv proi.istsl nii.jrit in- esttmaiesl to lol greater value 1 .- s . ;lian a t.ur .snuxaleiit I.H-our iiisl demands, onr v oniiius-i.Mi. r was autli.xri7il 10 simulate for tli (iaxin. nl ol such additional vuniarx consideration is was d.t in.st reassinahle. I'he terms .! tlie treaiv pnxixosl bv the Mexican t.oxernnieiit's 1 omnnssioiiers were wholly ina.l niissible. 1 lh v negotiated as il Mexico were th. victon.xus. an.1 not tlie vanquished party, or thtx must have known tlieir n7tmtMM oxuld iiever haxi ;xx ti a.iiu.l. It rtMiiireit the 1 lined State t. disuiemlvr Texas, by surrendering to Mexioi ibn ,art ol ihe territ.xrv ot lhat State lying lnuwsvn tin .Miet-esaihtthe Kio tJransle, lnclusissl wnlun hoi nuns ny lier laws, vx lien she was an iu.1. imi.l..., he'piiblic, an.1 wIhmi slie xx as annex.s.1 lo the I'nli.,! Mates, ami admitted by ttinsrrts as one nf th. States fHir Cnion. I sMIltailltM no orsxx-ision lor tli,, iss.s-i,wn l. Mexi.. sxf tlie just claims of our citizens. It reluiresl iiuletnmtv to Mexican omens t.xr inmru. they uiav have sustaiiitxi hy our trstons. in tl es-uii,m of ttie war. It demanded tin- rioht for l.. ico to lew and coll.vt the Mexican ilmn luvi..1 goods importesl into Iht orts. while 111 our militan .vupaturti; aiui tne owm rs ot whicJt had paid ie xrti.vrsot tlie I 'nited Stales. thccontrirunio. s -,;! had lieen levie.1 iixm tlhin. An.1 it otferesl to ceil the 1 nited States, as a uccnni.trsr vn.. tisin. that itart of I'nner Calihtmia Ix-ina an Hide thirty-seven dt-gret-s. Such were the im. rta-nable terms profxistxl by tlie Mexican Coninns-iH-rs. I'lis' tvssi.m to tli.. I nu.sl States l.v f.i ;.v ..1 lie proxmces .4 New Mexico and the rln.,r.,.'.. ptsxf-isised by iheCoiiiuussioirer ol the f nnel States.

it was believed, would be'more in accordance with

the convenience and interests of both nations, than anv other cession of territory which it was prob- , i K - lis - 1 . 1 ante .xiexico coum ne lnuucca to make. It is manifest to all who haw oliecrved the actual condition of the Mexican e-overnment, for some rears pasi, aim ai ine present, mar 11 tne provinces lion 1.1 he retained bv lier, she could not long contin ue to hold and govern them. Mexico is too feeble a power to govern these provinces; lying, as they do at a distance ot more than a thousand miles troin her capital, and if attempted io lie retained by hei they would constitute, but lor a short time, exen nominally a part ol tier dominions. I Ins would heesiieciallv tlie case Willi Cooer. ai tor nia. The sagacity of powerful l-'uroiean 11a10ns has long since directed them 10 the comincrial imiiortanee of these provinces; and there can lie little doubt lhat the moment tlie United Stale shall relinquish tlieir present occttnat ion of it. as in demnity, an erlort xxoul.l lie made by some loreign sower to possess it. either ny conquest or nurcliase. If no foreign government should acquire il bv either ol tliese modes, an independent revolutionary government would proliahly lie established by the inhab itants, and such loreigners as may remain 111. or remoxe to the country, as soon as it shall be known that the I'nitcd States haxe abandoned it. Such a government would lie loo feeble, long to retain its scparaie uuicpciuient existence, and would linally become annexed 10, or a dependent colony of some more poxvernii Mate. Should any toreisfn government attempt to uos ess it as a colon v, or otlierxvise to mcoruorate 11 wnn nsett. tne principle evolved by President Monroe, in 1324; and re-arlinned in my first annual mes sage, that no loreign poxx-er shall, with our consent lie permitted to plant or establish any nexv colony or dominion, on the North American comment. must be maintained. In maintaining this pi inciple and 111 resisting its invasion hy anv lorei-m power we might liecome involved in other wars, more ex pensix-e and more difliciilt than that 111 which w are now engaged. The proxineeso! Nexv Mexico and the Caliloinias are contiguous to the ten none: of the liiiled Slates; and, if brought under ihe gov ernment ol our laxx s, llieir resources, mineral, agri cultural, manufacturing, and commercial, would soon lie developed. Upper California is hounded on the north bv our Oregon possessions, and ll held hy the I lilted States. xvoul.l soon lie settled by an enterprising and intel ligent portion ol our population, i lie Hay ot San I'lancisco, and other liarlirs alons ihe Calilorni ciast. vx ould allool shelter t.ir our navy, our niimcr ous whale ships, and oilier merchant vessels rm ployed in the I acitic os-ean: and would, in a short penod. lteeonie a mart of an extensive and nrofita hie coninierce with China, and oilier countries ol ihe hast These advantages, in xxhich ihe whole commericial xx-orld would participate, would at once lie se-eun-d to the f nited Stales, by ihe cession of tin territory; while it 13 certain lhat as lonu as it re mains a part of the Mexican dominions, they can lie enjoyed mitlier by Mexico herself, nor by any other nation. New Mexico is a frontier, and has never lieen ol any considerable value to Mexico. Y rotn its local ity it is naturally connected with our Western set tlenients. Ihe territorial hunts ot the Slate of 1 exas too. as defined bv h. r laws. I .. lore her admis sinn into our I 'nion, embraces all that portion of New Mexi.-o lying east ot ilie Kio tirande: while . Mexicsi snll claims to hold this tenitorv, as a par 01 ner nonunions. The adjustment of this question of Imundarv. tin is another consideration which induced the InIi that the Mexican government, mi.rht even desiie 1 place this province under the proicctiim of the ov ei Anient ot the United States. N iinieroiis bands ol her.v. war-like savages wander over it, and uikiii it bonlers. Mexi.-o has lieen. and must continue to lie. too feeble to restrain them from committing de pronations, rouoenes aim imirsiers: not only iqion the inhabitants of New Mexico itself, but unon those of the other Northern States of Mexico. It would lie a blessing to all these Northern States to have their citizens pmtected againt them by the poxx erot tne 1 niteu Mates. At nits moment many .Mexicans, principally females and children, are in captivity among them. It New Mexico were held and goxerned bv ihe United States, we could elli-eiiiallv prevent these tril.es from committing such outrages and ciimiiel them to release these captives, ami re store them 10 their families and friends. In proposing to acquire- New Mexico and the C.-ilitornias. it xx as known thai but an inconsiderable portion of ine xiexican eopie won in ne transiened with tliem .1 . - , , . , . , , . the Cixiintrv embraced SA itbm ihoe isr.ss-m.a lu.; . chiefly an uiiinhahitesl region, , . j , --. -. ni. .1. 1 1- -i .. , . , 1 uesc ssere me leaninir conliterattons which in dueed me to authorise the terms of prai-e which xx-ere pmosed to Mexi.-o. They wen1 rejected; and ncgoii.-iii.ni neing at an end, hostilities were re"-nexx-ed. An assault was made bv onr gallant ar my, upon the strongly fortitrcd nlaces near 10 the gates of the city ol Mexico, and upon the city itself. After several days of severe conflict, the Mex ican torces. vastly stnienor in nuntlsers to our own xx ere drix-en Ironi tlie city, and il was occupied by our troops. immediately after inliinnation was rcceix-ed ol the unfavorable result of negotiations. Iieliexing that hie coniiniied presence could lie pniductixe ol no-sa-AH. 1 .interrnmeil to rival .sits i .ssi,.w .-t u.-spaicu 1.1 mis eueci w as transmitted 10 htm on the tith sit t Vloher last. The Mexican government will be informed of his reeal, and that, in tlie exist ing state ol things. I shall iiolil.'eni it pniix-r to make anv till 1 her overtures of iieace. but shall he at sll times rea.lv to receixe and consider anv prooosals ...L: .1. .1.-11 1 . 1 I . Si - - 1 ' w men suau ne uia.ic ny .xiexico. Since the lilieral proposition of the United States was authorised to be made in Annl lat. anre ex penditures have lieen incurred, and the precious blood ot many of our patriotic telloxv -citizens has lieen shed in the prosecution ol ilie xx ar. This con sideration, and tlie ohsmiaie perseverance of Mexi co 111 protracting tlie war, must influence 1 he term of peace which il may be denied proer liereafter to accept. tir amis having been everywhere vict.xri.Mio hav ing sulijected to our military occupation a large poruon 01 ine enemy s country, including Ins capi tal, and negotiations fsir peace having tailed, the iniortant question arose in what manner tlie war oiuiht to ne prxtseeutexl. and xx hat should Us our fu- . 1: ... . ... .... , , , ne (ioiii'x . 1 eaimoi uoiini inai xx e.stiou id set-ure and r.-nder available tlie conquest xxe have already made; and lor this puriosc, xve slrnnld hold and oc cupy, hy our naval and military lonvs, all tlie pons, towns, elites and pmx inces now in our oc cupation, or xx Inch may herealler tall into our 11.1s session- that xxe should press forward onr iniln.irv operations, and levy such military coiunl.iitioii-on the enemy, as may. as far as practicable, defray the nn lire c.xieii-cs 01 me xx ar. Had the government ol Mexico acceded to the favorable an.l liberal terms proposed, that m.xde ol adjustment would have lie-n preferred. Mexico having d.-clin.sl 10 do this, and tail.d to otler anv oilier terms winch could In- a.vepted by the Unite.) States, tin- national honor, 110 less than the nubile interests, require.-thru the xx ar should be pr.xsecntcd wnn increased energy ami power, until a just and -.aiisi.ici.irx iieace can ne oinanie.1. 1,, ,1... : si . . , ... ..n- iii.-.,ioiiiiT-. si,-.m. rs i.ijvs nil in.icm nity. xxe should adopt measutvs to indemniiv onr. seixes. ny appropriating Pcnnanent v a noriion ..1 .1 . . .... ner tern lory. I . aiiy alter the cotiimenivment of tlie xx ar. Nexv M.-xi.M and the Calilsji-nias xx-ere taken ixossession of bv our force. hir military and Naval Comm.niters xxere iirdered to conouer and hold il.. 1,, i,i...w.. ... 1. . 1 1 1... . j 1 is. ..-.itsH.sssi 01 ny a treaty 01 iieace I li. se provinces art- now in our undisputed oivu ...... u,,,,- int-n ss, niaiiv months; all re sistaiiee on the part ol Mexico hax ing ceased xx ith in iii. ir limits. 1 am satisfied that lliex-slion I.I is..ser Ise surrendenl to Mexico. Should Cm .Tress conitr wiinme in tins oninion. and that i vi sh...l.i i, m.;.lk...i.. i ..;. .i v.- i -. . .....-,. ,u.- s i.n.si ,-iau-s, ns iii.i.-mnitv, I- can l-nviTc no g.x,xl nas.xn why tlie civil jurisdiction and laxxs ot tlu- Unit.-d States sliould not at .i. 1 esietititM over inem. I o wait t.r a tn-atv of rn-.l.v. such as we m ss-;l. ling to make, by which our relations to tlsem s-..l.l not I changed, cannot lie g.od .ilicy; whilst our mien-sis. and mat Ol the iw.xi.le 111 hahitin.r reqiurt- mat a statue, responsible and tree gox ern .... .oi.it-1 ...ii isi,iiisHi.x . siHtui.i ne. as sossn as IHXssible, estaMislied over'tliem. Slhiuld lngn-ss. tlh-niorc determine to hold these provinces nerniin...,.!.- ... I .1... .1 -l.-ll 1 ' ' , ......no .11.11 .ins siiau, nen-auer. ne cixnsiileriHl oxnstittient lwrtsol our country, the nrlv t,k nsnment .xi n rtnoual governments over tluin will iiiuioriant. hir 111. 1110r.-1x-rt.-s t iirot.s-n.vn .,i ,,r ssins and property;- ami I recommend lhat such tt-r-ni.xnal governments tie established, li will pro. nioi,- ieaee and tranquility among tlie inhabitants, bv allaying all aowvliensions that thex- msr .n..' ain. of Isrinaf snhiet-ti-il asrain to the iiin.l...i.. .0 siexi,. 1 invite uie early and tavoral.le sMiisid. r. isnoii s.i suian ss 10 ims imnortaiti suiiksi-i Bt-side New Mexico ami tin- Caht.M-11i.iK. art- otlrcr Mexican pnixiiuvs which have been rediiim to onr ossvss!on by cxnqin-st. Thes other .Mexican prox inees are now govern. -d hv nnr n.. .1 and military cxmman.h-rs. iind.-r ihef. nej-al .snub... 1 . . , . . . ",.. rity xx hu h is cont, rivsl iihii a oinquenxr bv the laws war. 1 my smsutd conttniw- to lie held as a means ol coercing Mexnxx to acrsmle t.x iusi i. 1 11s ace. v ivu as well as 111! nary officers in. r.. quirtxl to conduct such a government. Adconatr.vmpensatioii, to be drawn from contribution, let-. fed upon the enemy, should lie fixed bv law, for ucn onit-ers as may lie thus employed. V. hat tur ner may liecome necessary, and what tina disixxsi tion it may be prowr to make of litem, must .1... Iend on tlie future nrsvjmsss of' the war. and il iiirse Alextcsx may ihmk prsin-r hereafter to pur With the views I entertain. I cannot favor the pouey which has been suggested, cither to withdraw mir armv altogrilier. or to retire to a dsionated ne. and simply hold and defend it. To witlnlraw our armv altogether from the conanests tliev hax-e maste. tvy stetMsot t-y -r "r. K tiravery, and at the fJtiet abetwir. a. od Fellow , a "f i'1-ts-Jg o. r. fit--d, by the act of trrtce sratily have avoided. woui.i ne iss-eirgr.w., nm in in own estimation, and in that of tlie" world. To retire to a line ant! simply hold and defend it, would not terminate ..ie- t. .si. v'ii xw coturary, it would encourage

Mexico to persevere, and tend to protract it indefi

nitely. - It is not to be expected that Mexico, after refusng to establish such a line as a nermanent hounds ry, when our victorious armies are in possession of her capital, and heart of her country, would per mit us 10 nold it without resistance. I hat she would continue it, and that in the most harrassing nnu annoying forms, there can he no douht. A dor ter warfare, of a most savage character, extending over a long line, would lie unceasingly waited. It would require a large army to lie kept continually 111 me nei.i, siauoneu ai posts and garrisons along such a lino, to protect and defend it. The enemy, relieved from the presence of our armies on his coasts, and in the populous parts of tlie interior. would direct, and selecting an isolated post lor at tack, vxould concentrate his forces inion il. This would be a condition ot art airs which the Mexicans, pursuing their favorite system of guerrilla warfare. would probably ureter to any ot lier. Were we to assume a detensive attitude on such a line, all the advantages of such a slate of war, would be on the side ot the enemy. x ecould lew nocontiibutions noon him. or in anv other way make linn feel the pressure of the war; but must remain inactive, and await his approach, being in constant uncertainty at what point of the line, or at what lime he might make the assault. He may assemble and organize an ovei whelming force in the interior, 011 his own side of iheli ne; and. concealing his purpose, make a sudden assault upon some one of our posts, so dis tant f rom any other, as to prevent ihe possibility of timely succour or reinforcement; and, in this way. our gallant arirfy would lie exposed to the danger ol being t ut oil in detail, or it. by their unrivalled liravery and prowess, everywhere exhibited during tins xxar, they should rspel ihe enemy, their numbers. stationed al any one point, may be too small 10 pur sue mm. If the enemy lie repnlswl in an attack, he will hax-e nothing else to do hut retreat to his own side ot the line, and being in no tearol a pursuing en emv. may reinforce himself at leisure lor another attack on lle same, or some other point. He may. toil, cross ihe line lietween our posts, make incur sions into tlie country which xxe hold, murder the inhabitants thereof, and then retreat to the interior. hetoro a sutlicient force can lie concentrated to our sue him. Such would, probably, lie the hanasuig character of a mere drtensix-e war on onr part. Il our forces, when attacked, or threatened with attai k, lie permitted to cross the line, drive back the enemy, and conquer him. this would be again to in vade iheenemy s country, alter hax ing lost all the advantages of the conquests xx e have already made. bv having voluntarily abandoned them. To hold uch a line success! ully, and in security, ii in far from lieing certain that it would not require as large an army as would lie necessary to hold all the con quests xx e haxe already made, and to continue the prsisecution ol the xx ar 111 tlie heart ol the enemy's country. It is also tar tmm being certain lhat ihe expenses of the war would lie diminished by such a a policy. - I am persuaded lhat the best means of vindicating the national honor and interests, and of' bring ing tlie war to an honorable close, will 1 to piose cute it, with increased energy and imxver, in the vital part ol tlie enemy's country. In inv annual message to Consrress I declared, that the war Im. I not lieen waged with a view to conquest; but hav ing lieen commenced by Mexico, it has lieen earned into the enemy's country, and will lie vioronslv prosecuted tlie re. with a view toobinin an honorable peace; and thereby secure ample indemnity for the expense of the war. as well as lo our much injured citizens, who hold a large pecuniary demand against Mexico. Such, in my pidgment continues to 1 our' true policy, indc-d the only policy xx hich will pmnaiiiy secure a peinianent peace. It has nexer been contemplated bv me. as an ob ject of the war. to make a iermanent conquest of tne ixepmiiic 01 .xiexico; or to annihilate lier sepa . S .1- .-SB .- . . .-. 1 1 rate existence as an independent nation. On the contrary, it has ever lieen my desire that slie should maintain her nationality; and under a good govern ment, adapted to lier onditi.m. lie a prosperous an.1 free republic. The United Slates were the tirsl among the nations, to recognize her independencs and has always desired to lie on terms of amity and good neighborhood with her. 1 his she would not sutler. By her own conduct we have lieen eoniel led to engage in the present war and 111 its prose euiion we seen not ner overthrow as a nation; bn in vindicating our national honor, we seek to ol lain redress for the wrongs she has done us, and indemitv lor our just demands against her. We 1 .i. iiioii.i ..ii iion.'i.ii- .w-m, .t .1 1 i.i nun iieace must 1 . - -.. 1 - , 1 . i wing w iin 11 indemnity loritie past, and secuutv lor the luinre. Hitherto .Mexico lias rcliiscd all accommodation by which such a icaee could I out a tned Whilst onr armies have advanced from vietotorv to victory, from the commencement of the war, it has always lieen with the olive branch ol peace in their hands: and it -has lieen in the power of Mexico, at every step, toanest hostilities bv ac cepting if. One great obiection to the attainment of neace has undoubtedly arisen from the facl, that Mexico has lieen so long In Id in subicction by one faction of military tifnrpers after another; aiul such has lieen the condition ol insecurity in which tlieir sucIcessive eovernments have been placed, that each n.ss Ir-r, cUrt, ..-si troiii maKini neaiv. lest troin that very cause, a rival faction might expel it from pox-er. Such was the fate ot ITesident Herrera's adminis tration in IMS, tor being disposed even to listen to the overtures of the l imed States, to prevent tlx. ssnr: as is niity .xiiitii iue.i uv an oiucial corn-spoil : .-..n. . i i , i - - i dence xxhi.h sxeeurred in tlie mom h of Aiiirmt i t; . s . . last, netween mm iim and his government, a copy of i ith rtininmnicnted. For this cause xx hich is herexv alone a revolution which displaced him from nower xx as sei on toot ov xsenerai t aretles. Sued may ...... . . . . . lie the coiiililion of insecurity of the present government. There can lie no doubt that the peaceable and well disposed inhabitants of Mexico are convinced that it is the true interests ol tlieir country to conclude an honorable peace with the United .Mates; but tlie apprehension of ticcoming the victims of some mili tary taction or usnrer. may haxe preventtsd them from manifesting their leelings l.v any niihhe act i lie removal ol anv such appre tension, won I.I prohahlv cause them losueak their sentiments, mi.) to adopt the means necessary for the restoration of iieace. v itti a people distracted and divided bv contending factions. and a government subiect to constant cnanges, ny successive revolutions, the coiiiimiiHl successes ol our arms, mav lail to secure a satisfactory peace. In such event, it may become proper for oiir commanding generals in tlie field to give encouragement, and assurance of protection to ine rrienosot eace in .xiexico. in the establishing and maintenance ol a tree Republican C.ovemmeiit oi their own choice: alxvavs x illniu to conclude n peace, which would be just lo them, and secure to us ihe indemnity we demand This may liecome the only mode of obtaining such a peace. Miould such lie the result of tin sx-ir xx Inch Mexico has forced unon us. it would ilma i converted into an enduring blessing to herself. At ter finding her ttirn and distracted hv tactions, and ruled bv military usurpers, we should then leax-e tier, w ith a repul.li. au troverum, ni, in llie enjoyment ol real luxlepcn.lehi-e, and domestic peace and piosiei iiy; pertoiimng all her relative duties in the gn-al family of nations, and promoting her own hap piness nv wise laxxs. ami ineir laiiiiiiu execution. II alter anonling this en.-ouratjeiiieni and unites--iton. alter an iim- persexei ma aim sincere t fl.n U ftns-A tno.l., Iri.lt. lli k,,.,iii.i.,l l i.-, .-...I the .n.1 nn.sr 10 thni ,., to --- ...... ...... , .,. , ,v, v Ollllll.-ll-.litt:..s ,. ol, lw.e d.-ii l.. i.:.i .i we shall hax-e exhaust, si all honorable means in v ... .' "i.ii.i.iiriT i.oi. ureii pursuit ot fieaee, and must com nine to occupy lier lerrnory xvnn our iroo(is, taking tne lull measure xt indemnity w ith onr own hands; and nnist en toree Ihe terms which our honor demands 1 o act otltr-rwise. in ilie existimr stale of thiiivrsi in .Mexico, and to withdraw our army without peace; would not only leave all Hie wrongs of which xxe complain iniretlressed. but would he the signal for new and tierce civil dissensions, and new involutions, all along hostile to peaceful relations w uh tlie I nited Mates, tlesi.les there isdanoer. ii our troops siiouid ne wniKirawn neiore ihe peace 1 11, -. ..- . should he concluded, that tlie .Mexican people, wearied with successive revolutions, and denrive.) ol protection tor llieir persons and profserty. might be inclined to yield to foreign liilluence." and to ra.i lliemselxes upon some t.urop. an .Monarchy tor protection from the anarchy and sutlering xx hich would ensne. i ms, ior our oxxn saietv. and in pursuance .xi established policy, w e sliould lieconifielled to re sist . We could nex-er consent that Mexico should Is. thus omverted into a monarchy, governed bv a foreign prince. .Mexico is our next neighbor, and lier bourtilarie are conterminous with our own. through ilte wh.il.. extent across Hie .Nsvrih American eoniineiit, from ocean to ocean. Both politically and commercially, we hax-e tlie deepest interx-st "in her regeneration and prosperity; indeed il is impossible, that, xx ith a nisi rrgarxi io our ow n saietv. we can hmiiw in ditlert-nt to lier fate. It may lie that tlie Mexican gox-eniment and people have misconceive.) ntmic. onstnied our forhearance and onr ofijects, in desi ring io conennie an anncatiie adjustment ot the existing difficulties heiween the two onmr.s, SsK mav haye8iim.ieed that we would submit t.s t..r,.,o degrading to the nation; or tliev may have drawn false interemvs from the snpjstxsed division of opinion in .ne t iinrti f-inui. m uie sniueci ot the war; and may haw calculates! to gain much bv protracting it and. indeed, that we initrlit u limatelv italt.vellH-r, w itlmut any iiulemmty, territorial or otherw ise. Whatever mav he the tWiss .. I s-.i.:..l. -s . - . , , .""1 i.'i.s unsiei fui.-n iiiry nave acred, the adoption and prosecution of the energetic policy pro,nsed. must mninrnr lireill. n the future prosecution of the w-r ilv must lie made to fel its nn-stsiiro hv )..., have done. At its commencement, it was densl irxier to conduct it in a spirit of fortx-arance and liheraluy. till this end in view, earlv measures were adopted to conciliate, as far ns sit .. would permit, tire mass of tlie Mexican populationto conxinoe tiwm that the war was watred noi against the iea.-elul inhabitants .tl' Mt.i.s,s I.,.. against tin ir faithk-ss govenimenl, xx Inch had coin-nieu.-ed hostilities: to remove trom ilteir maids,

ilse impressions, which their inferesled rulers had

artfully attempted to make, that the war on our part was one of conquest, lhat it was a war against their religion and their churches, winch were to be destroyed and overthrown, and lhat the rights of M-rsons and private property would ho violated. 1 o remove these false-impressions, our commanders in tha field were directed scnipuloitsly to respect tlieir n-ligion, their churches, and their church property, which were in no manner to lie violated. Thcv xxere directed also to respect the rights of persons and property, of all who should not take up arms against us. Assurances to tins effect were gix-en to the Mex icans bv Major C.eneral Taylor in a proclamation. issued in pursuance of instructions from the Seere- . f 11... .1 . .. . I. 1 s-j . I :.. tary us star, 111 nit; luuuiu 01 juue, loiuj mi.i again, by Major General Scott, who acted upon his owp convictions of propriety of issuing it, in a procla mation ot tlie lttliol may, lsl.. In this spirit of liberality and conciliation, and with a view to prevent the body of the Mexican population from taking up arms against us, was; ihe war conducted on our part. Provisions and other supplies furnislied to our army hy Mexican citizens. xvere paid !.r at fair and liberal prices, agreed upon by the parties. After the lapse of a few 'months, il liecame apparent that these assurances, and this mild treatment hax-e failed lo produce llie desired effect upon the Mexican population. The war has neen conducted. UMn our part, according lo the most humane and liberal urmciijles. observed bx-i-ivilizcd nations. It was waged in a tar different pirit on the pari of Mexico. Not aunreciatimr onr lorliearanec, the Mexican people generally became hostile to the I 'nited Slates, and availed themselves. ol the tportiinity lo com, nit the most savage excesses upon our troops. Large numbers of the hipiilanon took up arms, and engaging in guerilla wurlare, rohlied and murdered, in tlie most cruel manner, individual soldiers, or small nanus, whom ac cident or other causes had separated from tlie main Nkwoi our army, uands oi ihe guerillas, and rohlieis infested the roads, harrassej our trains, and whenever it xx as in t heir noxx er. cut oli our sum, lieThe Mexicans haviii!! thus snoxxn themselves to lie xx holly incapable of appreciating our torbearanee and lilierulily, it was deemed proper lo change uie manner oi conducting the war, making them leel its pressure accoiding to the usat. s observed under similar cireuim lances, in all other civilized nations. Aecsirdinglv. a.i early as the of S ptemlier. imu, uisirii. 11..11- xvrre tnxen, iy Ihe Secretary ot War, to M ajor t len. Tax lor. to 'draw sum, lies " lor our army from the enemy., pax in lor tliem. and to require contributions tor its supjHirl, 11 in that way he xxas satisfied lie could get olmndaiil supplies lor ins lorces. 111 uirecuug ine execution ol these instructions much was necessarily leu to the discretion ol the commanding ot1iccr,"w!io was best ac quainted with the circumstances by xvluch lie was surrounded tlie wants of the army and the prac-u-.si!iix 01 eiu.ir. inv. ine measure, ticn. Taylor, on the Aith of Octolier, l!?tti, re pnesi 11. 1111 sioinerey. 111:11 11 xxoul.l have lM-en 1111-p.s-,oit-, iniiiri hi, nuu is so now, 10 sustain the ar my hy torccd contributions or supplies. for n-asons assigned by him, he did not adopt tin policy ol Ins instructions, bill declared his readiness to do so, should llie armv. in its future one. Hons, reach a portion ot the country xx hich may be iiiaui- 1.1 supply uie lumps wnn advantage. lie continued to pay lor the ai.licles" of supply which were drawn I10111 the enemy's country. Similar instructions xvere issued to Mai. fu neral Scott, on tlie 3d ol April, l?tT: xxho replied lioin Jalapna. on the 'Joih ol May, l!?tT, that it it be eXlecled that the army is to support itself by toronl conn ibut ions lex led upon tliecountiy, wen'iay ruin and exasfierate the inlint.it nuts, and starve ourselves. The same disereclion wasgix entohini thatiiad lieen to l.'en. Taylor, in this niect. tJen Seoit for the reason assigned by him, siill continn.-d to pay for articles of supply for the army, which xx ere drawn irom ine enemy. After the army had reached tlie heart of the most wealthy portion of Mexico, it was suposcd that ine onsiacies wiucn nao neiore that lime prevent. si ,.o.n., no, I. ,.s ir-ii. it-i iiiipracucaiile, lite lew of forced contribuiious lor its siipiMirt: and on .1 , ... . SS... . 1 1 I . . . . - ine imih oepieim-r, ami oil llieoinoi ll.-olKT, 1-.47. the order w as repeated in despatches, addressed by the Secretary of War to tieneral Scott: and hid nt. lention was again called to the iniortance of making the enemy bear the burdens ol tlie war, by requiring them 10 furnish the means ot supporting our armv: and he was directed 10 adoni this iili.-t? unless by doing so there was danger of depriving the aniivol necessary supplies. Conies of 1I...J. despatelics were forwanled to (Jen. Taylor for his government. " On the 31st of March last, I caused an order to tie issued to onr Military ami Naval Commander 10 levy and collect a muiiaty contribution no.,., n vessels and merchandize which might enter anv o! the portsol Mexico in ourmilitatvoccimniion. to apply such contributions towards defraying the eApeuscs xn ine ssui. iy siriueol the right ol con quest, nun uie laws 01 war, ine conqueror, consult ing his own safety or conx-enience. ninv either s elude foreign coilimerce altogether Inini all such twrts, or iermit it iukiii such terms and conditions as he may pnscril.c. Before the principal )xrts ol Mexico were blockaded by our Navy, the revenues derixedtrom import duties under the law s of Mexico, were paid into tlie Mexican treasury. After these ports nau lanen into our military possession the tiiocKndc was raised, and commerce with them permitted, upon pn-scrilied terms and conditions They were open to the trade of all nations, uikiii the payment ot duties, more moderate in il,..;amount limn those w hi..b lin.l iun, i 1 ..... 1 hv Mexi.-o; and the revenue which was formerly paid into llie Mexican treasury, xxas directed io be i-onecieu ny our military and naval officers, and applied to the use of our army and navy. Care xx a; taken that the oHicers, soldiers and sailors of 011 army and navy, sliould be exempted from the oiiera lions of this order, and as ihe in. r.-l,...)., ed, nuon which the urdt'roieratsd,niust he coiisuiiihI hv lexican citizens, the contributions! . ..1 feet, tlie seizure of ihe public revenues of Mexico ami tlie application o! them 10 our ow n use. In di - reeling mis measure, me ol.ject was to compel the 1-1 , 1 1 . t.s rt..nlp.l.i.. b.i .. . .1 ........ . .,,.,.,.,,,, ,.,s ;is praciieaiiic, toxi'ard the expenses il llie war. l-.ir ine amount ol contribution., s, 1...1. i.... iHx n lexiett in tins torm, I n fer von to the accom pauyuig reports of ihe Secretary of War .,.! ,1.. , , . ..... . ii.. Secretaiyol tlie Navy, by which ii appears that 11 sum exceeding halt a million of dollars lias lieen l .M I'S ICI. 1 ms amouiii xx ould inn louM.-l v !,. 1-... ...... a. mnrer. nut Kr ine itimcuitv ol keeping open coin inuiiication lietween the coast and the interior, s. .ss t-noi.ie lire uss liei? n ine iiv-r..,mi.i.. .... . , , . . iniijiii i eu 10 tiaiispori and vend it to the inhabitants of tin coiniii v. ll is confidently expected lhat thisdiriicnliv- .di lo a great extent, be so..n reniove.1. bv ....r o,,. .. ...i i.. .1. i i . . - ci i.nees w in. ii naxe neen sent to llie In I.I. .Measures nave recently l-een adopted by which internal, as well as external revenue, in all placelu our niililaiy possession, w ill bereceix.-d, and aupropnate.1 to the use of our armv nn.l n.-.. 'i-f.., lisnicy t .ne lex x mg upon live enemy contributions , - . , . ..... . . . .,- uesrry 101 in eollslslelll xxittlllie laws ol nations w inch it may be practicable for onr mibiitrv-....... madders lo adont. should he rioi.ll-r Mll.ll.Vi.1 ta... 1 .sr.l-.e.. ... . o" ... i ;v s...., dllu .-.s.s. .,s turn niise accordingly ihh-ii yixeli -By such a no icy at the same time il,. ..- r. ' sury will he n-liexed from a heavy drain, the .Mex" t am pesipie w in t made to leel the burthens tit th. I j,..rVi . ' i -V" ' " " "". may l? m l 1,1 : Bill! riinllllllli. I l.ar .... . si. ami cousillilllU IIH ir own llllersl , ""l're ineirruie ers to aci ceiie io a nisi neai-e. -si.ei me ndjournmeni ol the fast session ol Cm. X .1. . - 1 . . . :..ss. rseuis tianspirtii. ill llie prosecuiion ol ihe ..,.,., , ,y junMinent. reuuire.1 a greater nuniher of tr.xt m tlie held than had ).n ,.. .. ....i -i-i .. i. .. - sweiifiu in me armv was nc....r.l..,..i. iiit-reasett. uy accepting llie services ol all ibe t'.d. iiiitet-r forces auihorized by lire act of Hie Uil, ol May, IHi,; without pulling a construclion on thai ......i.,- .tHirs mi-Ms oi xx men s. ....... . , Uoned. l ie voluiutvr torces noxv in the fit Id, w ith those xxhich had U-eii ao-ente.! i.s s..,... . .. 1. . ss in. ii siM wn.uu u .. . . .wool., I .. J: -. .-. r" c, , ,r awfixel ............. o.,si err uisctiargeo at the end ol their terms of service, exhausts "tire lilty lhousaud men - "nl i. nan it isen clear that a H-..-!-. . .... in.n tn in. act warranliHl ihe aervi- . 11 1 a.",l,a' nuint-r, iliey would have been . -iis-si. nmi m-.Tptea; 1,111 ,10111,1s existing ut.in this point, llie power w as not ever.-.s. .1 ' It is det uirxl iinpoiiant thai Congretss should al an earix f ri.M ol their session, confer auihority to ' "' " .-wHiuiiniBi r-sTiuar lorce t. ss, a . war with Mex,.s ..T ... ll. i " " . .- ur u naruni ilikui the conclusion and ratilicatioii of a ir. aiy of w-aoe. 1 ...si,,- ,, aiieniton 01 v onoress to the view. ..resented by Hie .Secretary of War. in h.s re,an upon tlllS SOllu.Sl. I Vsus.s...... .. 1 I I - j . ........ .... ui.-ti auiiHtrity ir gnn by law, locall lor am I .-ic.-.-,.i l.l.,....'i ...... ' ,. . . , . I - "i IIUI1IIMT ... .o......rr.s. 1.1 ne ex. rcised at such nines, and to " exi. in, as uie emergency tnav reumre In prosecuting tlte war with Mexico, wlilsi th f, . , ....., ,n t just cause complaint on the part of neutral nations, ami , ,.1,-nsis ot-!-!! i.iKen to avoid ex ' " gisrii. unerai priviteg.-s have been sTaill.sl l.i their ...,......,.. ;.. .1 .. . " r . : s..,..,,tr in hk; pons u uh" eneins in ..in iiiimarv occupation. Tlie difficulty with tlw ltr.111,.,, ... .- --- -'........ :..sriiiiiirni. w hich, at that time, threatened to interrupt tlie iii. ii.ux n iationsm-iween Hie two countries, w ill I trust, be speedily adjusted. I have received information that a minister extraordinary and plenino-ts-ntiarv has been amnnnted hv l..s l.,;.s....i aim it is nop,-,! he w ill come f.reparcl to adjust ail remaining difference, hrtween Hie lwogovemnient ... , . . ' . .. - - .-...i . .startMY ... . ..I....I.S-I .st i.i.iuie and nonral.le io boih. In the meant line I have every reason to believe that .....mug xs, in tce,ir i. mtemipt our amicable relann iwaiii. I i.i i , , J . . s....,, ,vf iii.ii,iin,i, aiKl i nas oecn nix constant .tl.srt .. i .......a e .ne .i ns, i, innate relations ot triemlship U'tth All tlwa ll...i.inii.Idixt .s ..... -ts a . 1 ami this uohev has hn mi. n.ll .ik .k i . ' "l - - . , " list 111 1M 111 results. It is true that the settlement nd .si r....,., ;o. ; i. ,tj...r... s,. ,.,.i.i,s ntiaiusi uiese nations lias onir I .sr. .1.. I ,-.ui 'II... 1 . - i . , . & lieen d. I.n-e.1 ri '.V-e lmvo l-sT j- i r . TLlr"'" "' wmc"."M'y i-x UW.U uumiiuu n wn rn T kv r.Usssss; ...... i. ." "'.. ""T "' " Is.. ..l-Iir..:'.,?" ' "s",!,m ." - Mng urge.1 in a manner strict justice demands h .e. ... , tliinri (V, uirtt'llim ill iiiitiia ir.im I . .re: uos aiiitru wnen tney ought to be finally J

adjusted, liquidated, and enforced; and efforts are

now making tor that purpose. It is proper to inform you that the government of Peru has in good faith paid the first instalments of ine indemnity oi tmrty thousand dollars each, and the greater ortion"of tlie interest due thereon, in execution of the Convention between that government and the United States: the mtilirntiona of which were exchanged at Lima, on the 31st of t ictouer, I siio. I he Attorney Ceneral ot the United States, early in August last, completed tlie adjudication nf tlie claims under this convent ion, and made Ins report thereon, in pursuance of tlie act ot the ?th of August, Isxlb. '1 lie sums to which the claimants are respectively entitled u ill I ie uni.) .111 demand, at the Tn-asury. 1 invite the earlv attention of Conrrress to the present condition of our citizens in China. Under our treaty with that imwer, American citizens arc withdrawn from the turisdictton. whether civil or criminal, of the Chinese (.oxernment and placed under that of our public functionaries in that country tor by these alone can our citizens he tried and punishes) for the commission of any crime. By these alone can questions be decided betw een tliem. involving the riahts ol persons and nronertv-. and hv these alone can cxwitracts lie enforced, into which llicy may have entered w ith tlie citizens or subjects ol loreign powers. The merchant vessels ot the I nited Siates. Ivillff in the waters of tlie five nort ot China open to foreign commerce, are under llie exclusive jurisdiction of officers of tlieir own government. Until Conuress shall estaUi-h coin in tent tribunals to try and uunish ctiiiu-. and to exer cise jurisdiction lit China, American citizens lliere are subject to no law whatever and crimes niav Im' committed with impunity; and debts contracted wiiiiom anv means to etilorce tlieir payment. In conveniences have already resulted lioin the imi-s-lonol tony res to I. .'l-lnt,-uim.ii the subiect: and sun greater are appr. iiended I he British author! ties in China have already complained that tins gov eminent has not iiroxided lor the punishment of ciunes, or the enlorceiiietit ol contracts, against American citizens, in lhat country, w hilst tlx ir Kovernmeiit has established tribunals by which an American xitizen can recover debts due from I'.ntlsh subjects. ArcustuoieJ, ax ihniiwsf are, to snmmary iu li.f ,ll.y .-uNiu nsi. uiaue i.i coniireiieii,i til.y ctiimnal-. wlioa.e citi7n ot the 1 nil1 tale . -hniil.l r .-amith impuuiir, inxHilanun ofnvaty uuli:siious;xslul,i ihr euneluurni .i siunvse, ssno nave rainmutea anylcrim aain.l our American . iii7rn-., tsouM Dc rieoroii.lv ea led. In.lrr.t Ihe con.eouen.e miflii be lsl:.l 1.1 AaiHusii ...t... . t luria, -tioul.l a narranl .-rune he r-ontmule,! lit- auy oue ol llieni uikiii a I intiee. and oum.lniieiil noi t;.ll..u ...i. inf lo ihe reoniMlioai of llie treaty. Thu unvl.l di-luib, il noi ueslros-, our liien.ll) rrlallon s. uh lhat t ni,Hie, and s-ane ai interrnif lent to onr valuable commerce. xjsir treaties with llie M.blui.e fone, I nut.li, Toni, M.wrono, ami Mncar, al-o require tlie lerislalKia ol I 'nnrre.s to cany them inlo exes-ul 10a, lliouli 0e ueseMy lor innieinaie as-non inay noi lie so orsei.t as in retard to China. The tse. ,et.sry of Slate lias .uuinillrd an e.liiuale to deIVny llie esiiense. ol oiieiiiiur diplomatic relations w ith llie rail States. The mleie.lmg isohlital relalions lu troere.l in those States, a well as our coninier.-ial inlere.ts, navereniteieit snrh a measure l.,rl,ly einedienl. t-lnnalei has e a..i been sub nulled of ouitils .if I haige de Aria ire. to the Rrisul.lics ol'GnaiauiaJa and t-.ina.lor. The rnnn, test iniiHirtaiice of cnlis aling tlie mo.l friendly relations with all ilie ladeiien.lent Stales of tin- comment, has in-du.-snl me lo tes-otnmeiid apioirialions nes-Csary lo llie niainleuanre of tliese missions. I recommend to Coneies lhat an api.roi.riai ion be made to be paid the Spam-li io eminent to lie di.-lribuled among ihe claimants in liie Amistad I entertain llie ..pinion thai tin. is due lo Spam, mider the treaty of Jlllh ol I. toiler, 1S5: anil moreover, from Ihe earnest manner in s.I.kIi iim- claim . ..nlinues to be ureed, so lour as 11 remains uuad. jin.led.il xviH be a f our. e of irrilalion between the itxocounIries, whieh may ose Intrbls- iweiudn'ial to Ihe inlere.ts of llie I luted Mates, (oiod nih. y,uo less than a iJHhlulrom plian.-e ssitli our treaty obligations, requires that llie in. on -plerable a.iroiriations should be uiaJe. A detailed statement of the condition ol'lhe finances will b presented in Ihe annual report of the Secretary of the rreasury. The iniporu llie fiscal year endinf on the ah ol June, IHT, were l.il5.t'.:. of sshi.-li the amoiim exported was ,ul flits, ?eax ing lj,&j4,li in tlie counlry, toi domestic use. The s alne ol die exports tor the same ik--riosl, was li,t4sjtii. ol ssl.ioh i:Al,i.i7.t consisted of domestic pro. I in lions and Ss.ul I.I ol loreif n articles The receipts into the Treasury amonnle.l to t Ju.7S0 37 ol wlinli there wasdeme.l lV.nu cu-loiiisii,T4;,?ti .; ilillu sales of public lands, 2.s-.:t:-..-.':anrt from incidental and miscellaneous source-, luu..s;u..l. The la.t hs.-alyear.dn. ring wl.K-h this amount was receiced. embraced live monihs under the lari If aci ol lM-'.and sex en months dunnp h lu. b die laritt act ot ISHi was in lon e, limine tlie fi.e monihs under llie oiM-ralmn of the larilT act of ISI ' the aiiionnt re. .i.ed lioin cnsionis was t7.ML'.3li.SO. an.l illume il,e sesen monihs under ihe act of Islrt, the auiounl received ti(i; SUO.ro, .Tli. Tlieiiettresennefro.il cn-loms in Ilie year ending on the 1st ot llecenilier. lstri, being the last .ear under Ihe oiieralion ot Ihe tarilt act of 1st!, was 22,S71,0.1il; and the nell resenne trom customs, during the year ending December 1-t, IM., Iieine the last year nnder the oiieralion of the land a.-t ol 1-ln, was about il,tioii,.sl; Iteing an increase of revenue for the tirsl year under die tariff act ..11-, of more j 4,l,iJ, over that of tlie lai year over the tarirt' of The eximhtures during that fiscal year ending on ihe 3uth of June la.l, are .'iS,sil,l,7.ri,S: of winch 3,5i!,u?-.37 a- on account of payments of principal and mteresi of the public debt, including treasury noles redeemed and not funded The exMnditures,exclu.veof payment of public debt, w.sre ssrjH.uso.j. II is estimated that the receipts into the treasury for the fiscal year ending nli June, l.Me, including balance in the Irea-nty on tlie l. ol July ai, will amount to 4-.,,V.,7V15 -V; of winch t:tl.uuu.uuu, it is estimated, will be derived trom customs, f:l,j,iu,oil Irom the sale of the public land. 400.000 from incidental sources, including sales made by ".e ..rd..,,-iu ei,v),i.s3 irom loans already aiilhori-ed by law-; w hich, w ith llie balance in the treasury, on tlie lsl of July last male ilie sumesiimated. The exnenditnre for the same ncriod. il .... .o. st... co shall not lie concluded, and the army shall be increased s iriiio-eii, ssui auiouni. incoming the ncces.ary pav-nienl-, on account ol" principal and interest of the i.ul.ln debt, an.l treasury noles lo 5-.i15,rih0.o7. t hi ihe tirst ot llie present month tlie amount of the public debt actually mcuired. including treasury notes, xxas $I.Wi!.,G.is:ti. Tl. public debt d.tooiitlio 4th March. 1SJV mc lldiinr tn-nsiii. notes, was $lT.7t8,7'r:i-: and const-qiiently llie ad'uiii.iii ui.i.ie i.i iik puuuc dent, since lhat lime i .tsTWXxS. Ot the loan of fr'UHiO.uio auili.'irizeti nv tne act ot !rsth ot Januarv. lMT. the m.. ol .i,tH'0,OOi.l was paid out lo tlie pulilic creilitors. ..i c.xcii.-tiii-cti ai par lor specie. 1 he remaining i.-...v,nw was onereu tor siecte to the highest Hinder, noi ik-iow par, hv an advertisement issu.-d ny ine.-cretary ot the 1 reasury, and published irom llie "Jin ot ret.ruary to tlie loth of Apul, l-sfJ, " nen i. ss ns aw -truest to uie several highest didders. ... r. .i iiiiiiiu ranging irom one-eighth ot one per cent, to two per cent, above par. The premium has lieen paid into tlie treasury, and the sums axx arI JH'' dpl,"!ii'wl SfK-cie in the treasury, as fast I xx as needed bv the wants of crovenunein r 'N61 ,,,p f Ji'ienditnres for tlie remainder of 1 ',,e !'eflen, ' tw tlie next fiscal year, ending on """.-I'ln 01 June, 121. a further loan, in aid of il 1 ir. 1 1 1, a r, - ,.n-..iiii.. ..-.11 1 1 . I V- ' , "" "ecessary. Ketaiiuug a siniictt ni surjuus in the treasury, the loan reunited .-..r - . . 7' lor the remainder ol tlie present fiscal year will lie above 18.rtlf.tNH. If tlie d lltv On ten nn.1 ,..H"... te itniMisvd. and the rraduntion ..1 tl. r...i.i; i i .I..II I-. i- -. 5.:.T , . " ot; ......... ai on eariy ienod 01 your session, as tTt uiiiiirciitieii, me loans tor the hscal year mav lie retlucetl to 17.t"0.lltlii. Thev if..i... ... duce.1, whatever amount i.i exnendiinroo i. save.1 by the military contributions collected in iticainr. i ne mosi vigorous measures lor the aug.menintion ol lliese contributions have been direct ed; and a very considerable sum is exacted from tnai source, its amount cannot hmm.-o, is.. i 1 j-. -. i r v . ' .di- . nia. w nn any certainty. It is recommended lht II.A ... lw. 1 1.. 1...1 - , .... ur mnue ue niiinorizeu upon llie same icriiis, auu tor tne same tune w Inch w as aiuhonzetl uuuer ine provisions ol tlie act ol the AJih of Jan uary, l-tT. Miould the war with M. it-rt IkA swill,. ..t,,,..l ..11 .1 i b . i ... . , " ,v " '"iniiiiirvi im .ir .-..in oi june. iruv. it isestunated that a further loan ol .0,rj,lirj will be required, lor the fiscal tear ending on that day, in case nodulv be minosed on lea and ciffee. and tlie nulilic lands hp n.st r.1... in .-nut trranuateti in anrv an.l n.s miiii.n, nutions shall he collected in Mexico. If ihe dutv . -- . .... .....(, ...ii, ii on tea and coliee be nunosed. s,n.l tlu. ed and graduated in price as proposed, the loan may be reduced to J.i:.tjn.tm; and w ill lie subject io ise sum lurtlier re.lu.-tsf f,v the amount of ih imiiiarv roiiiniinti.sns. K...K i ..n i - . - .- - ................. v ue- ssilie I.SJ III .tiexico. it I s not nrouo-d. Inm.-ver i.t a,L I'..... gres lor aiithsirity to negotiate tlie loans tor the next nscai year as il ls hoped lhat the loans aked fcirthe n inainder of the proem fiscal year, aided by military contributions, w Inch may be collected in .Mexico, mav lie sufficient. II. conlrarv to mv i-si.i.i.iiis, nitre snail tic a necessity lor it. Hie tact will lie communicated to l"..n,rr..ss in tl.,,.. l..r ineir action, during Hie present session. In no event w ill a sum excerdino- ii imi im nf il.i- n,.u.ni Im, "feded before the meet ingol the session ot Ctmgres-. of l,-s4S. e . . , , ,. . . . . 1 ? " "I uie .mih ol July. .26. redii" n.r the .hi 'ie-. on 1 nip. ins. nas lieen in force since tlie 1st ol Mtpseiiiiier '"st; and I am trratitted to slate lhat all the benelicial etlects which were anticiuatesl Irom its operations have lie-n fully realized. The public revenue derived from cmsi..i..s .1.,.;.... tl,., ....... nilii... l.i .J lxw....!.,. to. 1 . -. ing 1st of Ifecemher. 117 eTCSPMlsi l,L- t.,..fsn tli.n .-.ia.i.ui. lire amount receive. I in the i,r.s-.),., lTr, iirl, r the operation of the aci of ISHi an5 xx Inch w as siierce.l.sd bv it. Its erliscls are visible in ine ureal and alime-t im,.vnn..,l...l ..r. wl.;..l. ,Jss...-:i;.. .1.. " .' "". I 1 -ri.-j While tlie repeat . .f ilso .,r..l,,l....s.,. .. . luties .d'tlie aci of ll A and ih SlllM,lil..f i,.. In.l.ni. . . , --- .... v ....... IS', I, ... .1ICII tuner, oi reas.mai.ie revenue rates, levied on ailicles iiiiporiesi. accoruinsT to tlieir actual , nl,... I.ns ... creassxl ilie revenue, and augmented our loreion trade, all llie great inferesis have lieen -i,l ;..i prnitHiied; the great and important interests xx hich iitseii uoioniy ion much iicglecicd, but actually taxed by llie protective nolicx- tor ihe lo,..t,i ..r.,.i.. er interests, have lieen relieved of the burdens w hich ..i;,..i.ey imposed upon Inem; and our farmers aim planters, under tlie more just and liberal commercial policy, are finding new and profitable markets abroad for their augmented products, ihir . .iiniircrce is rapidly increased, and is extending more widely tlie circle of i ntern.tti.xnnl atlt.n.r... Jreat as ha been the increase of our imports of the ,..e. seai, .ir exports oi domestic Iirodiicts, sold at ta.tSbl.rl, k, . n v I- 1. 1 .-11 -.--.a;., ...... fsess, imxt; ueen sun greater. Our nax iiration inier.-sis r ......... ous; the numlierof vess. lsl.uill in the I 'ni ted Si.im e"1"'" t han during anv period of equal leneth ,J"re" lrori'8 nav" been derived by those who have etmsirucieu, as well as hv tlsossp wim 1... r.. ;....j tliem. Slhiuld the ratio of increase in tlie number ol our me rchant vessels, be progressive, and lie as t;.co. ,,,, uiiureasuuting the past year, the time 'ar instant When our tonnaoe and mmmr..i,l .imriue w iii oe larger than Hiatol any oilier notion 111 IrtA U'axi-I.l 11 u:i..& . I " f. . 1 ..r ivw.... i ' r ..zi'7-Z i V" b- .; 7"-"".?""" "a.veoeoncn,a,esl, '"'ris; .nrn ui iiniiim on navp nfonpn nrtu I JL. 'i.r. 7 .... aimiac- "" -. .lerOllS COnUltHM,. I '"" uir 1111 ihin f'nH'lH iiimiii Iiua iittsx..tn I ,,K l "e apprcliended byssiine, as the result' of ""r s'peiauou 01 tne revenue system, as established

hy the act of 1SJ6. have lieen e v Tsi-ri.-., i

.1 i 4 . ' ;..srsi. n th. 7ZX . ' . " "l "a,".UI-V", and of L aiiiu..iiL vi so inai inveiien in no..,, : sing: afl'ordina eratifvino m.w.f a. . - lnenu rprise and skill, employed in this branch' nf?" mesne itmusirv, wtti, no other advantages tl,.,' inose tatrlv and incidental v system ot revenue dutic: L are nl.nn.1 1.. 7,JUs .- -- 5 .... meet successfully all com-iei-t.on from ahn'.ad ,!, still derive fair and reinnm-rnm., ,..i . ' -"'J XX-l.:l.. - - l'"".iis. a'lilal invested ing ffiea- ith kk.W-.inder ll-e n. xx I leui, inw; inio tDr riim .1. .a- I .. l io imporrers meifm,V' " lt''ll-'r' nH'Srant' ..... it-ii a: .. ,.,,:allv rccoiion.-iid to alt ncre. 1 t-snn ninr nf s - , . . 1 -t i ! .; I 1 . iestfSf m confirmed . raiment, tor all the lirces ties and aT 'ow life, are receivintr wa..es a, i more steady snd permanent emplovtnent "than ! any other country; or in any previous p,-iioJ , , own history. oUr Sxj successful have len all ihe branches of our , dtisiry, that a foreign war, which generally dm,ln islies ilie resources of a nation, has in no esserm;! degree retarded our onw ard progress orcliet ked general prosperity. r With such pratifx ing evidences of pro- ritv , . of llie successful c.-eralion ot tlie revenue Bf t 'I lS4i, every consideration of public policy rpeo mends that it shall remain uiiclian;;,-,. l ,s j . j that tt- system of impost duti.-s w im h it f-tubhsCj may lie regarded as ilie iK-riuaiient policy- tnd tU great iiil. resis atiicud by it may i,.,t u a?h subj.ct.-d to be injuriously di turbis). as ti v hav" U r. l.il.ue lieen, by lret,in nt atvl soiiictuue. sjj t-liHliges. For the inirisose til imTeasiiio the revenue, w nliout changing or moililx ino tl- rates iiniv the act of 1?46 on the diiiluble arti. l.-s etnbra.-ej in lis piox isioiis, I ayain recomuiti.d to vour favor able consideration, die e.x pesliency ot levvui artv enue dntv oil tea and culiee. Tlie policv w hu h ei. empted lliese nr tides ii..in dutv, during 'peace, red. ses to exist when llie country i-eiurag.-d in war. uni retiuiri s lh.- use of all its available resources It is a tax which would be so gemiallv jiffusfj that it xxould lie l.-lt oppie-MVelxr bv non, ; an.) , complained ot by none. It is liex,,i thai there,, not in the li-f ol imported aiticles, anv xxhioi, ate more properly tlie 'uli,-.-i- of tlie xvar dunes It is estimated tliat thwe niillioiisof dollai-xxou j 1 d. riscd amiHally I1..111 a lax inip,i.-. .l on tl,,' articles. Miould xougre- - avail ii tlii.l r-- avail n .ll ,. thi- ad.)ni..nsl souis-e i.l revenue, not only would ihe ..m.i... . pul M. ublic loans, ri i.der.sj llicetsarv bx ihe si -.r xis-o. b dimitiislitd to thai . xi. in i.ni il. . lie credit and tlie j.ul. lie coididetice. in the a .,;v and determination of tin- goxeriimeni. i, nutt i its t ngageiiieiits prompt Iv. xx. mid l-i,iore . rinx. nenily estal.li-htd: and the reduced anioimi ..i 'the loans xxhich ii may be neetf - ai y io ipt.,iithi.-. o,.u' l-olilaiin d at cheat r rate--. Congress is tlier.-fore called iijKin lo determine wlit lli. r 11 is w iser to linpo-e the xx ar dutn-s. or, t.y oiiiiiliiiL' to do Ssi. increase the public debt. tiiinii',v three millions of dollars, so loiig as loans -hall Ie reouirt-d ui prosecute the w ar and afteiwaids pr,,. vide, in some other form, to nay the semi -aniiur.1 interest iimiii it. and ultiiiiatelv toextingiu-h the principal. If. m addition to th.ere dunes, Coiiarecould graduate, and tf since, the price of su. h oi public lauds as experience has proved w ill iioicot.imaiiil lire price placed 11)1011 litem by .!..etim r,j. an ad.lilitioual annual increase to the treSMiiy j, I ween half a million and a million of dollars, it i-,-.. Iiinali-d. xxould U- di tive.1 trom this source Mi.mlJ botli measures receive the sanction ol Congress, ihe annual amount ol public d. I.i necessaiy to Ik- cmiractfsl. during the contiiiuance of llie w ar. wouij lie resliiced lour millions of dollars. Theduins r.commended In be lex led on lea and coliee sh.iuM !c limited, in tin ir duration to the nd of the war. snd until tlie public debt rendered necessary to he cun traded by it shall bedis. barged. The" aiu..i,iit .1 ihc public debt to lie contracted should be liu.mj to llie lowest practicahle 1 11111. and should l exlmL'lushisl as early alter the conclusion ol th, llie means of the treasury xx ill i unit war axx ith this view it is recommend. d that as soon as the war shall U- over, the surj.lus in thetri-a-nti not neiHl.Hl tor other iinlisiensable td p-ots. -huil constitute a sinking fund, and 1 applied to tlieimrchase ol Hie funded debt; and that Buili.uiiy U conleirtsl by law for thai purjst-. Tlie act of 6th of August, ls46, to establish ware-housing sx steni, has been 111 oh raiion uimv than a year, and has prox ed to lie an iiiiirt:.iit auxiliary to tin- tarill act of 1;M6. in aiit.ni, utiu,. il. revenue, and extending the commerce of the 01111try. Whilst it has tende.1 toenlarueourcoiiuiieri. . it has been Iw-ncficial to our manufactures. ,y di minishing forced sales at auction of lor. ign .J.kkI. al low price, lo raise the dunes to be a.lx ancd 011 them, and by checking fluctuations in lis,- tuatkii The system, although saiiciion.-d l.v theexp, ih'ii.v of oiln-r countries, xx as ennrely new in ihe I nn.-J Slates, and is susceptible ol uupiovi inem in sntuc ol its provisions. The Secretary of the Tn-asiiiv. iHhiii xvhoiii xxas devolvi-,1 Ian;.- dis.-etionaiv pmv ers in carrying this measure into t fleet, is now collecting the practical results of the system 111 other countries, w here it has long N--en estalilished. af.J xx ill revort.at ap early ti.kI ol your session, sii. li tiirlher regulalioiis. gMugcstctl bv lliese itnesiigs. nous, as may render 11 still more cflcctive and beoeficial. By the act to provide for the better organizatnin sif the treasury, and lor the collect ion, safe keepiii, and disbursement of the public revenues, all hank, were discontinued as the fiscal agents of lite governments, and paer currency was no longer al loxved lo lie rifcived in jKiyment of public dues. The Constitutional 1 rcasurv created hy this act. went into operation on the -fill of Januarv last. Under the systt in established bv il the public moneys have been collected, safely kept, and disburse.1 by the direct agency of the officers of the government, in gold and silver; and translers of large amounts have lieen made from points of collectinn to ihe points of disbursement, without loss to the treasury, or ineonx'enience to the traffic ul the country. Wliile tlie fiscal o)eratious of ihe (..ix.-rnnient hax-e U-en conducted with rv-gulariiv an.l ease, tin der this system, it has had a salutarv eftect in cho k ing an undue nidation of the paper currency issiie.1 from the banks xx hich exist under Slate charters -Requiring, as'it diies. r.HMnes to the f iox-eniinent. 1.1 tso ;.. ..i.i ...j .i ,u ... . . . . . . ' - 1 ...... .11 an.l sn , c 1 . lis . n.-s. 1 1-1 11 ion III , ., iusixe issues ol bank paier. disproportioneil to ine pecie in their vaults, for the reason that they are at all tunes liable to lie called 011 bv tlie h.il.i. r ol the noles for tlieir redemption in order to obtain specie lor pavineui of dimes, and other public ums The banks, therefore must keep their business with in prudent limits, and lie always in a condition u meet such calls, or run the hazard of lieing compelled to suspend specie payment, and lie dunk discredited. The amount of siiecie inuiorted into the I 'mini Stalesiluiing the last h-calyear w as f il. I .'I t xx hich there was r. taiiusl iu the countr v .. J.s7ii.no Had the former financial system prevailed, and tlie public money lieen placed 011 deHsite in banks, nearly the xxholeot this amount would have y.me into llieir vaults, not to ihtoxvu into circiilati.ni by them, but xvithheld from the hands of thepeojil. . and made the basis of nexv anil enormous issues ot bank paper. A large ptoportion of ihe specie 1111ii.irted, has lieen paid into the treasury lor public dues; and alier havinn lieen, to a great extent, re coined at the mint, has been Liaid out to the LsiLlncredilors, and gone into circulation, as 3 currency anions the petiole. The amount of ir,,ld and siln-r eoinej. and now in circulation in the country. i larger than al any Kilmer period. 1 he linancial system establishi-d by Ihe con-inu-tional treasury has, thus far. been t-uiinenilv suc cessful in its operation: and I recommend an adherence to all its essential provisions, and especially lo lhat vital proxi-ioii w hich fully separates tli' government from all connection w ith banks, and excludes bank paper trom all revenue received. In some ot lis. details, not involving its general principles, the system i?d teclive, and w ill require modification. 1 hese detects, and such nun numetits as are need.d, and ate deemed important, were set forth in the last r.-uiit of the Secretary "I the Treasury. Tirose all, eiuliu. ills tire again re commended lo tlie earlv and favorable considera tion of Conpresf.. During tlie pasl year, tlie coinage at the mint ami its blanches, has exceeded twenty nullum- ol dollars. This has consisted chiefly in converting tlie coins of foreign countties into Aiueri.s" coin. The largest amount of fsstoign coins iinpnrlcil has U-en receu'ed at New York; tind if a branch mint were established al that city, ull the current com re ceived al thai fmrt could ul once be converted nits' onr own coin, w ithotit the expense, risk and dels) of transHirtiitg it to the mini tor lhat purpose; atiJ the amount received would 1 much larger. hxperieuce has proved that loteigu coin win not circulate extensively, as a currency, among the peo ple. Tlie important measure of exteuding our si de ciidulation, both of gold and silver, and ol ihl lusino it anion? the people, is eflecluall v converiiiii! stlch foreign into American coin. I repeat tlie recommendation contained in my last annual tnessat'''for tlie establishment of a branch mint of the I'liiieJ .States at New York. All tlie unlilic lands, it-l.icb bjive Irf-ell sin veVed.allu were read v t.ir mnrkei. have lieen proclaim, d for sale during the past vear. The quantity offered, ami t" lie orlered for sale, under the proclamations issue.! since the first of January last, amount to t.l3ff,:"J acres. The prosperity of the Western States and Jerri tones in which tliose lands lie, w ill be enh.ii' ed by their speedy sale. By withholding them trom the market, their growth and increase of popula-W" would Ise. e-X-rdorl- mnA ihruisniulsi ,tf nllr ellterDtlainr; and mend of the rear, and ulation w ould be dprivedrar payment is alas-e, securing freeholds k thenisaBaaiXKTB. One sauare nt in n.l.btion to tne gener times for one dollar, if pa,.r t.e ready sale1 of Uietss.one.'3JUr ,w,t,"5r3t'jecl at tl to realr.,n;VrB""d .". ae'"' ,hu .u.. - T',nl tie same fr . , , tins ii""7 this source V IXUII. X IIUlll un-J rendered liSiSto'iri fsuit and ihus-.- ,.-Ji- - -T the public loan rendered irffi tCTrie existence of aloreien war . i .,iv: rr-c - . It i. st.t niated lhat n,.t Um than ten m lolls 01 acres of the l.nl.lic Inn. Is ,11 he snrseve.!. Slid I '" "I"''" pr0t ..." . . . ' , - proclaimed for sale ditruif tl year 1848." - In my last annual message I presented the re-