Indiana American, Volume 9, Number 25, Brookville, Franklin County, 18 June 1841 — Page 2

f- those laws effectually and " tumicrci. Ifthere have been "cts in tthich individuals, juslly obnoxious to punishment, have escaped, this is no more than happens in regard toother laws. Under these circumstances and under thos immediately connected with the transaction itself, it will be for Her Majesty's Government to show upon what state of facts and what rules of national law the destruction of the 'Caroline" is to be defended. It will he for that Government to show a necessity of self defence, instant, overwhelmine, leaving no choice of means and no moment for deliberation. It will he Air it te show, also, that the local authorities of Canada, even supposing the necessil- of the moment authorized them to enter the territories of the United States

stall, did nothin? unreasonable or excessive:

since the act, justified by the necessity of self i.n the distribution of the proceeds of the pubde fence, must be limited by that necessity,! "c 'ands. and kept clearly within it. 'it must he show'n After some remarks from Messrs Pickens

;nai aammiuou or remonstrance lo tne persons on board the "Caroline" was impracticable, or would have been unavailing: it . uiust he shown that daylight could net be waited for, thai there could be no attempt at discrimination between the. iniorent and the guilty; that it wouid not have been enough to seize and detain tite vessel; but that there was a neressity, present and inevitable, for attacking her, in the darkness of the night, while moored to the shore, and while unarmed men were asleep on hoard, killing some und wounding others, and then drawing her into the current, above the cataract, setting heron lire, and, careless to know whether there might not bo in her the innocent with the guilty, or tln living with the dead, committing her te a fate which fills the imagination with horror. A necessity for all this the Government of the United Stales cannot believe to have existed. All will see that if such things be allowed to occur, they might lead to bloody and exas.1 - . - . . . . r,wu w; a iq hiipii an imiiviuuai comtsi lothe United Sutes from Canada, and to the' vry place on which this drama was performed, and t 'ire choose to make public and vain gloriom boast of the part he acted in it.il is hardly wonderful that great excitement should be created, suid some degree tf com motion arise. This Republic docs not wish to disturb the ! tranquility of the world. Its object is peace its policy peace. It seeks no aggrandizement by foreign conquest, because it knows that no foreign acquisition could augirent its power and importance so rapidly as they are already advancing by its own natural growth um'tr the propitious rircumetnrres of its situation. But it cannot ndiv't that its Goveinmedt has not both the "will and the power to preserve its own neutrality, and to enforce the obsertance of its own citizens. It is jealous of its rights, and among eihrs,and most ( specially I the right of the nbtolule immunity of its territory against aggression from abroad-, and these rights it is the duty and the determination of this Government fully and at all limei to maintain; while it will, at the same time, as scrupulously refrain from infringing on the rights of others. The President insucts the unders'gned to say, in conclusion, that he confidently trust that this and ail other questions of difference betw een the two Governments will be treated by bo'.h ia the full exercise of such a spirit of candor, justice, and mutual respect as shall five assurance of the continuance of peace between ihe two countries. The undersigned avails himself of this opportunity t assure Mr. Fox of his high consideration. DANIEL WEBSTER. IIkhrv- S. Fox, Esq. c. &c. Scc. CONGRESSIONAL. CorrcspoMfiinct cf the Bait. Patriot. Wash i to., June 3. 181 1. 1TMTED STATES SENATE. Committees announced by the Chair. Resolution Introduced by Mr Preston, calling upon the President of the United States for a report as the causes of the sailing of the Mediterranean Squadron from its station, and the return of the frigate Brandywine. Memorials presented hv Mr Henderson for a Mail Route, a Land Oifice, and a Port of CiOtry, m Mississippi. Mr Clay of Kentucky, presented a "resolution instructing the Committee on Finance to bring in a bill to repeal the Sub-Treasury law." He forcibly, though briefly, urged prompt action on this subject. Mr Wright was not disposed to object to the passage of the resolution without loss of time, it it could be modified so as to permit the Committee on Finance, to "innuire inin the expediency'of the repeal of the measures to question. Mr Clay premptly accepted the proposed modification. Mr Calhoun expressed his great (surprise that, after the creation fyestcidav'. of a comsnittee to take the whoie subject of the Currency and Fiscal Agent under consideration. it s.ijuij it v c been thought necessary to pre seni mis snoieci nsain before ihm ti.form uow proposed. After ihe r c sue ew Fiscal Agent, whether a U. S. Bank or any thing else, the Sub-Treasury might be repealcd;buthe wished Snnt-rs on the other' ide to present without reserve or mystery .heir substitute for the Sub-Treasury, before spealing a measure for which he (Mr Calvun) had been contending four years. He Kved, therefore, to amend bv referring to the Jommittee on Finance, with'lhe repeal of he b-Treasury, the task of promising subsiitie. Mr CUy objected It such an amendment. xii stated bis reasons far presentiag the re-

peal in advance of the regular traia of financial measures now in'preperation. Explanations cnsned,in the course of which it appeared that Mr Calhoun had not distinctly heard the modification proposed by Mr Wright and accepted by Mr Clay. Mr Calhoun however still sustained his amendment. After some discussion between Messrs Clay .i.i.l I?:.. .i ...i . -

.-, i iic nii't-MuiiieiK was rejected, and the resolution passed. The Senate adjourned at half past one to meet at twelve to morrow. HOUSE OE REPRESENTATIVES. At eleven o'clock the House met agreeablr to adjournment. Mr Barnard of New York, moved to take upihis resolution for the appointment of the two select committees, one on the sunject of me currency and a nscal agent, and the other ana nitard, the House refused, by n large majority, to act upon these revolutions. The tesolution of Mr Wise, respecting the rules of the House, with the am endment offered by Mr Adams, rescinding the rule excluding abolition petitions, was then taken up. There was a great struggle forjhe floor, hut Mr Wise first caught the Speaker's eye. Mr Wise spoke, as did alo Mr Wm Cost Johnson and others, when the resolution was laid over. The report from the Secretary oftheTrea sury w;g received, and ordered to be printed. Adjturned. Wasktsotoi, June 4, 1841. UNITED STATES SENATE. Mr. Clay, from the Committee on Finance, reported a bill repealing the Sub Treasury law. Bill read first time and ordered to be printed. Mr. Clay asked that it he read n second time now. Mr. Wright objected. It was. alter seme Lritf explanations hetween Me ssrs Clay. Wright, and Calhoun, by genera! consent; made the special order of the dav for twelve o'clork on Monday next. This hill provides for the entire repeal of the present Sub Treasury law, except that, for any offences which may have been committed against the provisions of the I7lh sec. of said act, olfcndeis may be prosecuted according to those previsions. Mr. Young presented a memorial of citizens of Illinois, for a Bankrupt law, and a memortal for confirmation of land titles. He asked lor the printing of them. Mr. Clay objected. He stronuly depreea'.cd the introduction of ordinary business, and he wi-li3d t check it at the outset. He hopeJ that the Senator from Illinois would withdraw his request until next session, when the petitions would be presented again. Mr. Young accepted the suggestion, and withdrew his motion to print. Mr Tiill.-nadge presented memorials for a Bankrupt law. Mr. Linn suggested that it was desirable that a rule or resolution shouIJ be adopted, totally excluding all business except on the subjects named in the Message. Such a resolution had been adopted at the commencement of the Extra session in 1837. A briefdiscussion followed on this subject, between Messrs Clay, Berrien, Calhoun and Huntington: and the whole was by agreement deferred till Monday, to give time for the preparation of a resolution. Senate adjourned at half past twelve, lo meet on Monday nxt, at twelve. The House did net sit on Friday. Jfladisonian, CONO It ESS ION A L RECORD. SEX ATE. Jckh 7th The Senate accepted a report from the Committee on the demise of Gen. Harrison, to the effect that the members of both branches wear crape on the left arm for thirty days, that the Chairs of the Presiding Officers be covered with black for the session, and that a letter of condolence be sent Mrs. Harrison. Mr. Clay introduced a resolution, requesting the Secretary of the Treasury to communicate to Congress, with as little delay as possible, apian for such a Bank of the United States "as would in his opinion, produce the nappicsi resuiis, ana comer lasting and im portant benefits to the country." nir. rving ohjected to the wordme of the resolution. He understood the Secretary as speaking in his report of a fiscal agent,"miiiuui itiiiiiuiiuig m uaiiK. mr v-iay understood the Secretary differently, and after objections on the part of others, requested gentlemen woo wished modifications of the resolutions lo oner them. Mr. Buchanan "was very anxious to get a view of this fiSCa! ager.t,so much talked about. The political Millenium was about a dp roachng. i.e .eopara was lo lie down with Ihe lamb. If such an agency were to be created , . ... . . 1 -u ii was .o a.scount notes, he cared not by i . H IT lnT 1,,Ct,,er U. TR91 - w - - v xvswsiiiMti ur hi it nil street, New York; il would be a Bank." Mr. Rives moved to amend by striking out il.. I. u- TT..:i.l c..!.. T 1 , . nit; wuiu n j iiiicu oiatrn uanK, ana inserting a Fiscal agent, which he so modified at Ihe request of Mr. Chy as to read "a Bank, (or a nscal agent," wlien the resolution was agreeJ to unanimously. Mr. Clay offered resolutions, to the effect that the questions which ought first, if not exclusively, to engage the deliberations of Congress at the extra session, are, I. Repeal nVnk adaUnteiT.KrX; . ,nl'Porlio" of ? ?Ahk h.C. W.0. the PP,e R"d quale revenue for the Government by the .., r revisions oi an aue- -' iiuumgan aumority to contract a temporary Uan tl cover the!

public debt created by the last Administration; 4. Prospective distribution of the pro

ceeds of the public lands; and. 6. Some modi(ication of the banking system of the District of Columbia for the benefit of id inhabitants. At Mr. Clay's request, the resolutions were laid upon the table to be printed. The Senate elected Asbury Dickens its secretary, toward Uver Serjeant at Arms ana unor Keeper, and Robert Heal Assistant Doorkeeper. The special order, Mr. Clay's bill for the repeal of the Sub Treasurr law. was then ta ken up on its second reading, in committee of u,e wnoie. I he following account of the proceedings in reference to it, is from the Madls-onian, Mr. Clay, said he had a word or two only by way of explanation. The fi-st section was a repeal ot the Sub Treasury act. In case of that repeal would come into operation the act of 1789, establishing the Treasury Departmnt,the resolution of 1816, and the act of 18J0,providmg for the Deposit of Public Moneys in the Slate Banks. The second section was a provision designed to remedy the -de-ferts in former legislation against embezzlement. As to Ihe permanent adoption of the State Binks as Depositories, he supposed that there was no disposition on either side of the Senate to recur to it. It had been tried and found impracticable. He bad not at first thought it necessary to introduce a section repealing the act of 183G, expecting that this bill would be immediately followed by ihe creation of a B ink of the U.S., or a Fiscal Agent, as som gentlemen prclened to cull it, and as there seemed to be some sensitiveness on that term, lie thanked God his nerves wire not so delicate. But that act forbade the Secretary ol the Treasury to make any deposites in a Bank not paying specie, or in any issuing notes of an amount less than five dollar. He believed that there were no banks iijit paying specie, that did not issue notes of denominations under Gve dollars. It w therefore necessary to provide for tliis change of circumstances. It was also necessary to provide against me contingencies ot delay in the creation of a relational Bank. He therefore, moved to repeal the act of 1836. He did not wish lo op ;n the discussion of this suhje l now. He considered the whole already .ufiiciently discussed. Mr. Calhoun objected U Ihe state f things created by the repeal of the act of IS36, as subjecting the Treasury again, as before that, wholly to the Executive control. He asked for the yeas and nats. m . y .... mr. iay in rept , called the attention of the Sei.ate to the change of circumstanses since that period. The danger to the Treasury at that lime consisted in the assumptions of the control of the Treasury by the Executive, and in the maintenance of the doctrine that the Secretary of Treasury was a mere creature of the President. Such was the stale of things at the time of the removal of the Deposites the Treasury circular. But these were not the sentiments of the party now entrusted nith power. They wereoposd to the union of the purse and the sword. The act of 1780, with the reservations made of later acts, would be sufficient to secure the safe keeping of the public money. Mr. Benton replied that the Senator from Kentucky had advanced the doctrine thit different laws were necessary for different Administrations. It was the first time that he had ever heard, on that floor, the principle that laws were so modified according to the men in power, and he called on the Senate to take notice of it. He rejoiced that the Senator from South Carolina had called for the yeas and nays to give Ihe Senators on the other side an opportunity- to exhibit their principles to the country by their votes. They had declared that, under President Jacksen, before the passage of that act. Ihe Treasury had been under he perfectly lawless control of the Executive, and they now asked that it enouie ae restored to precisely that position in Iht-ir hands. Mr. Calhoun insisted that it would Ke the only wise and prudent course to leave the oun ireasury act in eperation till a substitute was provided. H could not consent that the public money should be left for a single day uiioertne control or the Executive. After some remarks .o this effect, he moved anamendment removing the disabilities, under the act f 1836, f banks issuing notes less iL I" III man nve aouars. Mr. Rives maintained that the operation of me amennmeniat the Senator from Ktn tacky was to reestablish the most objectionable features of that very Sub Treasury act which the bill proposed to repeal. It would leave the public money in the hands of the Treasurer or the U. States, who held his office at the will of the President. This state of Ihines had been ably objected to, at the lime of ihe re moval of the deposites.hy ihe then Opposition land the supporters of President Jackson nc , knowledged the fcrce of the oMection. Pre. ident Jackson himself called on Congress to Pvide, by legislation, for the keeping of the public money. He had understood the object of this bill to be the removal of the Sub Treasury alone, to make room for a new system, ile hoped that it might he still limited to that obiect. and . that ihe State Hank system might stand until ; new svstm u i, ..a I J - - - . w v v lie had hoped that here was neutral ground wheie all might meet for awhile. Mr. Mangum thought that the discussion that there was no real diftivnra -f amnio., tween the Senator from Virginia and the TirUy ( Committee of Finance. The impossible to make provision under the actof treasury Uenartmi,t r..i,i g..a :. ii.u iojo, lor the keep ng of the nuhlic monevt Such ba.k.asit JriW fa

existence. Minute inquiry and new provis

ions wouia oc require in order to act under that arrangement. He had understood that this Congress was not fo adjourn until provision had been made for the legal and constitutional guardianship of the publi: money. Not more than a month could pass before the creation of a new fiscal ncrent: and it was imnoasible that the Treasury could return as before to the custody of the Executive. Mr. Barrow spoke at some length in support of Mr. Calhoun's intendment. He replied, particularly to Mr. Mangum. He thought it enough now to repeal the Sub Treasury, and leave the Slate Bank system to operate under the act of 1836, until the creation f a new fiscal agent. Mr, Preston said there seemed to be no difference of opinion between the two sides, on the point that the Executive power should be kept distinct from the control of the Treasury. He reminded them that, in 1834. when this was the subject of much discussion, it was ad mitted on all sides tha Vco w'lh8tand"e he of 1789, due regulation of the 1 reasury, Mid its existence of Ihe law for this legal control securny irom executive usurpation, did not exist. This must be eauallv conceded nn. He did not concur fully with the Senator from N. Carolina in all his positions. He did not wish to name the time in which a new minute, and thorough legal provision could be made. He did not wish the Treasury to remain, even for the shortest time, under Executive control. When thev oDDosed the Sob

is 1. .. 1 1 . . L a. c i mr ncKct iimu ine sun i reasvry, He thought so then. He thought s- now. Mr Clay said vhat he was onite indifferent about the fate of his amendment; but he thought it had been misunderstood. He insisted that the act of IS30, no more secured the money against usurnatinn. than that nf I7S9,so long as the President fas thenl exerused his own wiII,on every part of the system, oy means i his executive power. The restoration of the State Bank system would .be the revival of a paralytic rickety thing, the moiety only of which was in actual existence, or capable of pet forming its part. He spake eloquently for some time in defence of his amendment. Mr Calhoun replied. He thought that the Senator from Kentucky was in fair way to prove that the Sub-Treasury ought not to be repealed. He had contended that the revival of a State Bank system was impnssible,but he had presented no constitutional alternative. It was not, however, true thai ihere were no specis pai ing Banks in the Sou'.h. The banks in South Carolina, some in Georgia, and one n .uitioun, and one in Arkansas, continued to pay specie. His own amendment only went to repeal the disabilities of Banks issuing small notes. Mr Rives spoke forribly and eloauentlv in reply to Mr Clay. He reminded him that in l.ib, he, (Mr Clay.) had with great powcr supported the State Bank system on the verv ground that the act did secure ihe custody of .1 LI:. iiie puouc moneys. Mr Clay asked did that act after all secure the public money against the Executive so far, that if the President had then commanded the Secretary to remove the deposites from a given Bank on penalty ol being expelled from office, he could not have succeeded. Mr Rives replied he could not. He continued his remarks lo a great length, which will be spread before our readers, if possible, hereafter. Mr Berrien wished for more time to deliberate before coming lo a conclusion. Mr Clay expressed a willingness to withdraw the amendment for the sake of a speed) action. Mr Barrien objecled to voting now even upon the question in that form. He, therefore, moved to adjourn. Adjourned at half past three, till the 8lb. HOFSE. Jcnb 7th Th House passed the day in a somewhat ill tempered debate upon Mr Adam's motion nghinst the re-estahlirhment of Ihe '21st rule as a law of that body. The chief participators in it were Mr Adams, Mr Wise, Mr Cost Johnsion, and Mr King, of Georgia. SENATE. Jche 8th The bill to repeal the SubTreasury being taken up, Mr Berrien, of Ga. took the floor. He wasj not at all satisfied with the position in which the question, with the amendment that had been prepared, presented itself. To repeal the acl of 1836, would be to go back to 1789, which would place the public money under the control of the Executive power, to which he objected at length.But he was satisfied that the public voice demanded the immediate reneal of the Sub. Treasury, and the establishment of same fiscal agent te take its place, and yet, in the mean time, he was not willing to trust the public uucj iu executive control, tie hoped some measures would be hit UDon to obviate these eils,and yet effect what the public demanded, ana me restoration or the currency too. Mr Calhoun inferred from what Mr Berrien has said, that he intended to vote against what both Mr Clay and himself had presented in the frmof amendment?, so as to leave the act ol I83t in operation just as it stands. Mr Barrien explained. Mr Calhoun said his objection was to leaving the public money under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, without the control of law. He hoped the Secretary of the Treasury would receive an opinion from Congress, that in the repeal of the act of me act ot lS3b was logo into effect. Mr Walker of Miss., should not vole for the repeal of the Sub-Treasury nor do any thing last he had opposed froaj the first, even when w cmarier me iate bank system, which

Treasury, it was on the very ground that theS State Buk system, had n it might be, wns! w

introduced under the authoriu .f r Jackson. In his hostility to thisute system, Mississippi hardly concurr k him. He believed a Bank l( Z I

aiaies had a party in his State, Rnd the Sub-Treasurv, but the s'at , h,i no parly attU. He did not see, ,hr!,ha but that he should be obliged lo L ? erre' every thing that came up. a6mt Mr Benton said,gen:lemen werebPeri to find that they had begun at the X C of their business, and that before thev8!""1 down, it would be necessary to build un ?' Constitution, too, he thought, would many of them in locating their fiscal whether they put it in the District of cTU bia or elsewhere. !Uttl Mr Calhoun regretted the position of V Walker, fnp lh. fink.1V.. 'r- f Mrwould hp KS. .... J:. ., . t,P'ni(n. to get Ihe best system he could in its stead Mr Walker rejoined when Mr Clay re-statTI the Question hpfnrii fhs Ssnsfo Tl 0 w amendments, one from himself, 1Bfl Z from Mr Calhoun, a, an amendment ,' ?' amendment, and the question beintU - air Calhoun s proposition.it was adopted, I 25, noes 22, but subsequently, the nn.L . . . -acu on being taken on the amendment as amended the whole was rejected, ayes 19, noei'V whereupon the Bill stood as in itg original form, when first repotted by Mr Clay to the Senate. Mr Clay said he took it for ersr.tp,! m-,. thing would he done to make the Slate Bank System effectual while it lasted. He himself would never vote for ihe vipm. ir ' J have nothing lo do with a fleet of Bank Several ineffectual propositions for emmsment were then made, when Mr Benton h. in moved that Ihe specie clause of the SubTreasury he put in ihe act of 1836. Mr Buchanan said he was instructed tovot against the Sub-Treasury, and according to his ideus he must either obey or resign. He should, therefore, but very reluctautly, vot with Mr Clay. ' " Mr Benton's motion was uepativrrf at-.. tc noes 30. Mr U. then submitted anotherkelainiiig the2Ist section of the Sub-TreaMirj Bill, forbidding all exchanges of herpiWic money but for gold and silver, whir!-, .,s.., negatived, ayes 16, noes 30. tit Sct.u then moved three other amendment to reMin portions of ihe Sub-Treasury Bill, hxh ere a'so voted down. Mr Benton wished for a scheme to prohibit the deposites of the public money in the U.S. Bank. Mr Clay said an especial exception wa beneath the dignity of Congress. Whv except one Bank? Why not addtheOn'l Creek, or some other Bank? The question on the Bank ayes 20, noes 28. The Bill as amended (about 3 o'clock) wn referred to the Senate, and passed to be engrossed as follows: Yeas Messrs Barnard. Bales Rayaid, Berrien, Buchanan, Choale, Clay ofK.y..CU)ton. Dixon, Evans, Graham, Hendeison,Huntington, Kerr, Mangum, Merrick, Milier,Morehead, Phelps, Porter, Preatiss, Preston, Rivei, Simmons. Smith of Ind.,Southerd, Tallmate. While, Woodbridge-29. Nays Messrs Alln. Benton. Calhoun. Clay of Ala., Fulton, King, Nicholson .Pierre, Sevier, Smilh of Con., Tappan, Walker, Williams, Woodbury, Wright, Young 16. On motion of Mr Wright, the bill was then engrossed to be printed. The Senate then adjourned. Latest from Washington. We bare : last a mail up the Baltimore & Washinploi. papers of the 9lh, with the proceedings of the previous day. The continuation cf the debate upon the Sub-Treasury Repeal, is given under our bead of Congressional Record. The measure canied.it will be seen, by yeas 29, to nj 16 Mr Buchanan of Pennsv ivania, voted with the former under instructions! The Speaker of the House announced the Standing Committees of that body. M.Fillmore is Chairman of that on Ways Bnd Me " Mr J. P. Kennedy of that of Commerce, Mr W. Cost Johnson of the Public Lands. Mr dishing of that of Foreign Affairs. The Select Committee on the subject of the Currency, and the establishment of a suitable hscal agency capable of adding increased facilities in the collection and disbursement of the pnblic revenues, consists of Messrs Setgeant, Adams, Pope, Cost Johnson, W. C Dawson. Bolts, McKay, McKean. and Rhett Mr Gilmer presented the memorial of Wm. Smilh of Virginia, contesting the right of Liu" Banks to the seat he held in the House. Mr Adams, from the Select Committee on the subject, reported a bill for the relief of M Harrison, widow of the Lite president ofthj United States vihich was read twice, refeirej to the Committee of the Whole, and crderW to he printed. E. L. Townee nd, on the seventh ballot.1 elected Sergeant at Arms. Cm Gaz. TREASURY REPORT. We lay before our readers to day, the TVf of the Secretary of the Treasury on the J' tional Finances. We need not urge its pe" sal upon our readers. It will be cagerly'ea4 by all, nd, we risk nolhiog in saving, satisfaction such as no document that em mated from the Treasury Department fcf a number of years, has afforded their. I' ' short and clear, and bears with the u!noit directness upon every point introduced in" it. A more lurid exposition of the cordit0B of the national finances, could not have been made; nor could any report have been framed' which in all essential things weuld n"" strongly and honorably have contrasted in the verbose and muddy documents that hTS t late years come from the Treasury f r iment Vfe shall nvika no abstract cf '