Indiana American, Volume 9, Number 11, Brookville, Franklin County, 12 March 1841 — Page 2
luatigura! Address.
Called from a retirement which 1 had supposed was to continue for the residue of my life, to fill the Chief Executive Office of this great and free Nation, I appear before you, fellow citizens, to take the oaths which the Constitution prescribes, as a necessary qualification for the performance of its duties. And in obedience to a custom coeval with our Government, and what I helievc to he vovir
expectations, I proceed to present to you a summary of the principles which will govern ma in the discharge of the dudes which I shall be called upon to perform. It was the remark of a Roman Consul, in an early period of that celebrated Republic, that a m.irt striking contrast was observable in the conduct of candidates for offices of power and trust, before and after obtaining them they seldom carrying out, in the latter case, the pledges and promises made in the former.
However much the world may I
claims ll.em because he is himself
man, i desired object. I give my aid to it. by renew-
:.. J i . . -
.ioiimuicg oy me constitution. A person elerfeo fn ).: l.i.l. nfF,.. I : it. t.
T ,:f.t J t-t . r i a v'"-r llli; 'US COIliiiIUi if there is dang.tr to pu .he hberty fronruentsin every section. State and sub division
. V1" ,,t"!t",,HI ,!W me i,onsuiui.on, ol tr.e Union, must consider himself bound by
rest of his species, and entitled (o a full share i no"tcircumstances, will I rcnteiit to serve nf tna nlaoeir ra ...ft. .. l.tl. I A 1 I i I . .
... ..... .-.i-..,-, nun mum ne nas enuowea . second term.
them. iNo'withstandinff the. limited er.vpr,
Notwithstanding thei limited
eignily possessed by the People of the United
States, and the restricted grant of power to the Government which they have adopted, enough has been given to accomplish all the objects for which it was created. It las been found powerful in war, and, hitherto, just'ee lias been administered, an intimate union affected, derr.eslic tranquilitr preserved, and
! personal liberty secured to the citizens. As
was to he expected, however, from the defect of language, and the necessarily sententious manner in which the Constitution is written, disputes have arisen t.a to the amount of power which it has actually granted, or was intended to grant. This is more particularly the casein relation to that part of the instrument which treats of lite legislative branch. And not on-
tave imiTOV-'.I.- rpnirK iIia vf.Ln f l:.. I
ed.iii mar.r respects, in the l..p-e. of upwards un(J,,r a general clause, giving that body the of two thousand years, since the remark was authority to pass all laws necessary to carrv made by the vuiuous and indignant Roma.,.!;rito frfferl (lic sperinf ia, pow e ,,ut in rc!a'. I fear t.wt a Mr., t examination of tne anna!sjtion to ,e ,atteri R,;o h hvK ron. ofsomeol the modern elective eovprumrnts .ni.nrv i rriWt it..,i r.i.
w0u,uutTtKTe sim.rnr insur.ee ct violated iofal!ccd departure from the letter or spirit loniiatne-. jof the constitution, have ultimately received Ahhou, tneh.tofthcrcepl.. has gone the 6Jinct5on of a mj,jori, y of th ' ,e And
,v;" ..; 1 i- - f;.-. ine laetmai many ol our statesmen, most dis
" 5" ifi-, nutMiHg j i.ieir u.ii i e-iir
u.il t Imcni-rhed lor trtlnnt Mt.il rcili mllcn
n ITV J I l,,r,Rh-1 Uial htn ni n lla'e r " Political "rot;? 7- o keep up Hie delusion on loth slJf!8 cf each of m0sl tl in Z imy be.8a?P.os,?J l? lrixc. ac" j armly disputed question,, forces upon us the I i'i U' !nc,F,es a'?Pin,ons; inference that the errors, if errors there were, y V ihnVr ' 6 W "ltb,S aiir?' "e ribut.ble to the intrinsic difficulty, in UlVWllO r.'lVP rn!Tli hero c Min. l.l . ,
j i- 1 "'.many instances, ot ascertaining the intention e.rlner, or, a p- nr .i. fr,.niers of ihr
. . . - i " - - VUVllHVl III IIV lllll II the s.ncenty wilh the influence cfany sinister or unpatriotic iiiil the lansc of a! d.. i i . r. ...
fv mnn,i- :-i . . ..J. ,. 'oi. ui great uanger to our insuiu-
Tho n..iin I- V . 1 j 1 t,ons docs not PPprlome to be in a usurpaures toe. n -r", h' lhe Gnmcnt ofpower not grunted ?erVwX;nrn V,1,i!Ufral,0nn0,iV,-,,,p: lut ) theFccumulalion in h ffir ir the departments, of that which was I'line iii.-u-n , una I s.iall stand, eiiher c xr.nor- .1 . . -t. ! itv-m; , i j 7 , awigned lo other?. Limited ns are the nowntea m mv country nien, or f-lascd wiMi thef i i i . t . . - 1 . nmfiCcri, - i .1 . 7 UK" . , "- eis hu h have been granted, st enough mass oi tliose who promised that thev n:!plil!i i j . r ... . . & d..-,Mrn B,ifl.,i-; i ... . . . ." '&u,ii:jve bcrn rran?rd lo'conslitute a despot sm, aeceire, and Ii ittcrcd w ith ll.e intention lo'-r . i- e , , . i...P.IV ii, i ",lt,u,ou "-if concentrated ip one of the depar ments. ocr.n. Iioevf r stronf m iv he mv nrespnt a-i - j . . i . .. . ...
purpose to re
iiai.imoiis a
condemn those I shall now
proving them, to doubt which thev are uttered.
u miicitu wuii u.e intention toijf conce uwevrr strong miy he my prcscn' y,:s eahze the exp.-ciAtion of a mag- a,;' " :d cotihdmg IVonle, 1 too well!: i u.
inger H greatly heightened, as it has
been observable that men are less
1 -f
unuersiar.d . Uie uan?ercua temntat nn tn
w hich I shall be exposed, fro!ii the magnitude of the pow.-r hich has been the pleasure of the People to commit lo my hands, net to place my chiel confi Jence upon the aid of tha: Almighty power which has hitherto protected me, and enabled me to bring to favorable issue other important b it still greatly inferior trusts, heretofore coi.fiJcd to me by my counThe bro i.l foundation on whuh our Constitutio i rests being the People a breath of theirs having made, as a breath can unmake, change.or modify it can be assigned lo noi.e of the great divisions of Government, bat tha! of Democracy. If such is i!s theory, those who are called upon lo administer it mut
recognize, as its leading principle, the duty of
soaping ineir measures so as to produce the
greatest good o the greatest number. I5ut
admissions, if we would
sovereign;-
acknowledged to
with these I road
compare the
"tisl in tue mass of our People, with Jhe power claimed by other svereignites, even by those nhich have been considered most purely democratic, we shall find a most essen
tial different e. All others lay claims to power limited only by their own will. The ma-
jority of our citizen?, on the contrary, possess a soveveignity with an amount of power precisely equal to that which has been granted them by the parties to the national compact, and nothing beyond. We admit of no Government by divine "light. Believing that, so f.ir as power is concerned, the Beneficent Creator has made no distinction among men. thit all are upon km equality, and tln.t the only legiwmatc right to govern is an express grant of power from the governed. The Constitution cf the United States is the instrument containing this grant cf power to the several departments composing the Government. On an examination of that instrument
u win De lounu lo contain declarations of
power granted and ofpower withheld. The latter is also susceptible of division, into power which the majority had a ri"ht to Prant. Int
Milieu iney aia not mint proper to entrust to tehir agents, that which tl.ey could not have' granted, not being possessed by themselves In other words, there are certain rights possessed by each individual American citizen which, in his compact w ith the others, he has never surrendered. Soite of them, indeed, he is enable lo surrender, being, in the language of our system unalienable. The boasted privilege of a Roman citizen was to him a thield only against a petty provincial ruler, whilst the proud demociat i f Athens could console himself under a sentence of death, for a supposed viclitisn of the national faith, which no one understood, and which at times was the sutjcl of the mockery of all, or the banishment from his home, lus family and hi country, with or without a leged cause ; that it was the act, not of a single tyrant, or hated aristocracy, but of his assembled country men. Far different ii the power of our sovereignity. It can interfere with no on's faith, prescribe forms of worship for no one's ob?ervance,inflict no pnnishment but after well ascertained guilt, the result ol investigation under ruies prescribed by the Constitution itself. These precious privilcges,and those scarcely
less important, ol giving expression to his thoughts and opinions, either by writing or speaking, unrestrained but by the liability for injury to others, and that of a full partici pal ion ia all the advantages which flow from the Government, the acknowledged property of all, the American citizen derives from no charter granted by his fellow man. He claims
jealous cl encroachments ol otic department
upon the other, than upon thcirown reserved rights.
hen the Constiution of the United Stales
first cs-.me from the. hands of the Convention
which formed if, many of the sternest Republicans of the day were alarmed nt the extent
of the power which had been granted to the
ledcral governrw nt, and more particularly of that portion which had been .assigned to the executive branch. There were in its features which appeared not to be in harmony with their ideas of a simple representative Democracy, or Republic. And knowing the tendency ofpower to increase itself, particularly when exercised by a single individual, predictions were made that, at no very remote period, the government would terminate to virtual monarchy. It would not become me to say that the fears of these patriots have been already realized. But, as I sincerely believe that the tendency of measures, and ofjnen's opinions, for some years past, has been in th:t direction, it is, I conceive strictly proper, that I should lake this occasion to repeat the assurance I have heretofore given, of my determination to arrest the progress of that tendency, if it really exists, and restore the govern
ment to its pristine health and vigor, as far as
this can be cllecled by any legitimate exercise of the power placed in my hand.
I proceed to state in as summary a manner as I can, my opiuion of the sources of the eviJs w hich have been so extensively complained of.
and the correctives which may be applied. Some of the former are uuouestionablr to
be found in the defects of the Constitution:
others, in tny judgment, ure attributable to a
misconstruction ol some ol its provisions. Of
lhe former is the eligibility cf the same individual to a second term of the Presidency. The sagacious mind cf Mr Jefferson early saw and lamented this error, and attempts have been made hitherto, without success, to apply the amendatory power of the States to its correction. As, however, one mode of ci rrecticn is in the power of everr President, and
r
in the want of limit to the continuance of the . the most solemn sanctions to guard, protect, Executive power.,, U.e same hands, there is. and defend the rights of all, and every porI npprehend.not much less from a misconstrue-Uj0n. great or small, from the injustice and
iutitKtion- liHM U.evorce 4.., pla.ncii f, L.a tJ,a .fallowed ui.o J urv with tl. P..;. . r. LUn'! Tim,
"priir.ent. whirl. 1
V. ( lt,r;:; "7't,',-V,,f,csTeir r Prreesionof the rest. I consider the eto fai ro, Jr nr. ' c"nuot.'f c h power, therefore, given by the Constitution to fair cons ructon, any cr either o. its prmis- the Executive of the United State, solely as : loconstilnle the Prudent a conservative power. To be use" onlv.first, a part of lhe Leg:s!at,ve power. It cannot be to protect the Constili.tion from violation -OJly claimed from the power to recommend, sine e m r- ,u. ... ,'l"n.-',,J
ptw.-ic i.ui me- c uecii oi nastv lefn at on
although enjoined as a duty upon him, it is i privilege w hich he holds in common with eve
ry other citizen. And although there may be
I v lern
where their will has been probably disrear-
oeu, or not well understood; and3Jly, to pre
rtit f fh i;li.(a r l . . r
Mimftl.in.nnronr .vi T.t eomi.mauons v:oiauve or
nf r""-s "lue,lV.a cpiopr.e.y ;lhe rights of minorities. In reference to the of the measures recommended in the one case Lrnna nf ,i,Mu:.., T rence .? ,
, ... . .... .vnij, 1 1M.j jooserve inai 1
confer 11 u.e right and privilege of the people to deride disputed points of the Constitution, arising from the general grant ofpower lo Congress to carry int.i effect the powers expressly given. And I believe with Mr. Madison, that repeated recognition, under
taneo circumstances, in act of the Legifla-
thau in the other.iu the obligations of ultimate
decision there can be no difference. In lhe language of the Constitution, "all legislative powers" hich it grants "are vested in the Congress of lhe Cited Slates." It would be a solecism in language to say that any portion
01 wse is not included m the whole.
It
L maV Ilf Cniilinrrfl.l t n - f ? i t A . 1
h.-iHv?n iiK l.'.o. u.,r. ..iiu juainous branches oi
, f.i 1 , . . I'"triu :"""' the Government, accompanied by indication he acts of the lepish-mve body, by refusing to in difllreilt mod of Xrc 2 r?"."' .P0W" general will of the nation, as afforded Z tile
iij k.-iiiwu 1 1 11111 1 tie insirumeni 10 i,.e Judiciary, and yet the Judiciary forms no part
of the i-cRisiHturc. There is, it is true, this
difference between these erarits of Dower: the
Executive can put hii negative upon the acts
ol the Legislature fcr other caue than lhat of
want of conformity to the Constitution, whilst the .'Judiciary Van only declare void those w hich delate the inslri'ment. But the decision of the Judic iary is fin.il in Mich a case, whereas in every instance where the veto of the Executive is applied it may be overcome by; a vote of two thirds of both houses of Congress. The negative upon the acts of the Legislative, by Jll.c Executive authority, and that in lhe hands of one individual, w culd seem1 to be an incongruity in our system. Like so me others of a similar character, it appears to be highly expedient, nad if used only with the!
forbearance and in the spirit w hich was inten
tier.
President sufficient authority for his consider-
mg sucn oispuiea points as settled." Upwardsofa half a century ha3 elapsed
since the acoptien of lhe present form of
Government. It would be an object inure highly desirable than lhe gratification of lhe
iCUriOSlty Ol SPCCU Utive st:ifptn!.n 5f iu
cisc situation could ha ascertained, a fair exhibit made of the operations of each of its Departments, 'of the powers which they respectively claim and exeretse.of the collisions which have occurred between them, or between the whole Government and those of the Slates, or either of them. We could then compare our actual condition, after fiflv years liilofour system, with what it was 'in the commencement of its operations, and ascertain whether the predictions of the patriots
who opposed its adoption,' or the confident
Kawai Af - J.. . . I t .
bv iuan'l..-. ; . , . A ""V " avucaics 11 tve oeei. Dest reaiizoy tiis auditors, it may he productive of 1 a tk- . .1 .L r
great gcod.nnd be found one ofthe best safe-L " n .h. , l lormer seem, to . . . st. . t.v cnir ( I, a c been, that the reserved ntvra .f 1I.0
At the pcnodof the Statei would be absorbed ht-,hAc ril,IP.
.i . -...-I
gmros 10 me union.
foimation of the Constitution, lite nrinrinh?
does not appear to have enjoyed much favor in the State Governments. It existed in but two, and in one of ihcm there was a plural Executive; If we would search fr the motives which operMtd upon the purely patriotic and enlightened assembly which framed the Constitution, far the adoption of a provision so apparently irpngiiant to The leadirg democratic principle, that the majority should govern, we must reject the idea that they anticipated from it any benefit to the ordinary course of legislation. Thev knew too well the hifch degree of intelligence which existed an:o:,g the people, and the enlightened character of the Statu Legislatures, net to have
the iHllest confidence that
the two bodies
elected by them would be worthy representatives of such constituents, and. cf course, that
j ...gin icijuiit;. inu is preposterous to suppose that a thought could for a moment have been entertained, that the President, placed at the Capital, in the cen Ire of the country, could belter understand the wants and wishes of the people than iheir own immediate Representatives, w ho spend a part cf every year among them, living with them, often laboring with them, and bound to them by the triplcTue ef inti-rctt, duly and affection. To assist or control Congress then in its ordinary legislation.eould not, I ronceive,havc
eral Government, and a considerable power established, leaving to the States the shadow, only of lhat independent action for which they had so zealously contended, and on lhe ptrservation of w hich they relied as lhe last hope ofliberty. Without denying that the result lo which they hf.d locked wilh so much apprehension is in the way of beir.g realized, it is obvious that they did clearly sec the mode of if acc omplishment. The General Gov ernment has seized upon none of the reserved rights offthe States. As faras any open war
fare may have gore, the State authorities
have amply maintained their rights. To a casual observer, our system presents no appearance of discord between the different members which compote it. Even the addition of mnny new ones has produced no jar-
(ring, lhey move in their respective orbilsin
bead, and
an under
current at work, by which, if not seasonably checked, the worst apprehensions of our anli federal patriots will be realized; and not oniy will the State authorities be overshadowed by the great increase ofpower in the Executive Department of the General Government, but
the character of that Government, if not its
oesigna,ion,&etsseiitialIy and radically chanc-
ru. imstiaie 01 nuncs iiaa pph , r
- f.- -- . " .nn CI-
fected by causes inherent in the Constitution, and in part by the never failing tendency of political power to irrea?fi itself. By making ll11 t .1 - Ail a. o
me 1 resident ine sole distributer of all il.n
been the motive for conferring the veto pow- "i ' ci.sinuuior ol all the er on the President. This arLmeni aS. r t of
d
Convention, one presiding over il ilplihorii
tious,and the ether bearing a larger share in consumating tho labors of that august body than any other person. But if bills were never returned lo Congress by either cf tne President's above referred to, upon the ground of
u.eir ncing inexpedient, or not as well adap-
. "... . ' I " (.-.....,vi iiuinj nvu n riuiippurlit I v m mini- if wnnlt K ii;ricc nrvrl t.,A o r. .:i.f I... .1 . , .
... i----y ; .... -..!...-:...., ,,u 1.1. j .i.ni vv lw u,e wants ol me peo-
j-crnips lnvioieus, 10 enumerate the evils oil pie, the veto was plied upon that 'want of which, in the opinion of many cf our follow j c onfoi n.ity to the Constitution, or because
citizens, this error of the sages w ho framed
the Constitution iray have been the source, and the bitter fruits which we are still to gather from it, if it continues to diffigure our system. It may be observed, how ever, as a general remark, that Republicans can commit no greater error that to adopt or continue any feature in their systemsof Government which may be calculated to create or increase the love of power, in the bosoms of those to w horn necessity obliges them to commit the management of iheir affairs. A"d. surely, nothing i more likely to produce such a slate of mind than the long continuance of an ofiire of high trust. Nothing can be more corrupting. Nothing more destructive of all those noble feelings which belong to the character of a
which il gives to (he just and equitable action
01 tne legislature upt n all parts of lhe Union. It could not but have occurred to the conven-
jtion that, in a country o extensive,embracing
to great, a tanery 01 son una cl'ir.ate and consequently of pioducKand which, from the san e causes, must vcr exhibit n great differcure in the sitneunt cf the population of Us arious sec tiers, CMllii-g for a great diversity in the employments of the people, lhat the legislation of the maioritv ti ii'hl not lnic
devoted republican patriot. When thjs cor- j justly regaid the rights and interests of the rupting passion once takes possession of the i minority. And the nets of this character
numan mind, like the love ol gold, it becomes' might be passed, undei an express erant I
i.cnuuuiil
trifling, nporlnnce at first, it had, early in Mr JetTersoirs admiiiis'ralion, become so power-
miasio creaie great alarm in the mind of
that patriot from the potent influence it might exert m controlling the freedom of the elec t ive franchise. If such could have tl.cn been the effects of its influence, how much greater must be tho danger at Ibis tne, quadrupled i amount, as it certainly it, and more completely under the control of the Executive will than tJir construction of tbeir powers Bl.owcd, ortl.e forbearing cbaracter4 of
There is another ground for the adoption of k ia not SSILX "f'the veto principle, whic h had probabfy more that the Kxecit tTlTclZ mnuenre in lecon mending it to lhe conven-jGe"us, but ly tLe use which it appeaie may be lion than any other. 1 refer to lhe enrnritv ,nade ufthe "PPointin? power to onmr n.)or
ves tolhe just and equitable action ..Lo,ae'eDU? of country. The
" u oecared u to be tbe dutv of
- - -
crcaica sucb extensive alarm Toxhl 7 Lu our Republican inrtitution,, .nd tbat creS'
inbtruruenpililr of the feder.l r. lur?cK
to apply ail the remedies wLicb nia'v i" command. It was certainly a great error " K framers o'the corBtitntion. ,,i(.i. ?n
officer at tbe bead of the Treaaury Den.rt n ' th tirely iiu!euenJent of the K,..,; 1 ulerii-
at leai-t have been removeabl'e onlv "u,h, mI'",1 inar.d of tbe nonular hranrh rn.. "i
have determined nptpr t lr'- I
tUTra...r.. wi.K 11 - " " : n "erj CA
cumstancaa aUeEd;nff6ucb removal to'lmth 111,? of Congress. "WtH
The influcr.re of the V.f.-i: :
tbe freedom of lhe elective franchise throJl'
checked by rcnew.njr tbe probib.tion publicMr. Jefferson, forbidding their interference "in .V Hon further than giving their ..vrn votes ,c:i their own independence secured by an as.u' ! i of perfectjimmunity, in exerciain? lh aeacred't V ilo-; of freemen under the dictates of tler u.-lhised judgment of tbe people, cwnpenn'tra Z Uh srrrices out of their pockets, become tl.e i l1.,. instrument of Kxpcntive will. There is no part of the means pUce-1 in te i.a-. oftno KxFCiUive which might be used with '"-'eiu. efiect. for unhallowed purposes, than the contrc cf tLa public pres. The maxim which our an-ei tora derived from the mother country, thu "the freedom of the presa i tbe great bulwark of c n' and reiigioii liberty," id on of lit most Meci,J leracieu which thov have left ua. W i..v. '
ed, to-), from our own. as well as the cxheBc. of other countrie. that golden b a cW.
soever or by wbitever pretence iBipotcd, ar J
aiai 10 ii as ibc iron Donaa cf cefpotism. TL p.-fettea iu the necessary employment of ihe(Jv. eminent should never be used "lo clear tl.e i.ltv or to vsraith crime." A dpi pnt n,i ,..i1 "
- - ination ol tbe acta of the Government iLould U
not oniy to'eraied but enoursged. Upon another occasion I hive riven m ;:..
. , , . J e"::iia at some length, upon the impropriety of I'xew-
yv iuiciiki t-uee in me icgim'io.i ofConret' Vbattbe article in the Cooatitutian mt;.. T. .t.
duty of the President to communicate infonnatiin",
mnu .uiuunzm; mm to recommend meaiurej, u not iitttaJcd tj ratka biro tha s nrce in
lion, arid, in particular, that La thou Id hot J
iouscu 10 lor schemes of finance. It would bvcrr strange, indeed, that tka (Vntituiir.., i"
- r. . OUVUU nave strictly forbidden on branch nt n...
t..A t m . t ... 3 ' !
.M.vii- mil: in me tirif iiiuiion nr ti-k
' 1 'I . OIIU L1ISL 11. H II 1111 Ml nd .AndLlaraJ n m... . .1 ..
an altogether different department of Goveruinat .....11 u r. i . .
uutiiu uu wrmuieo 10 ao so. ftome ol cur best political maxima and opinions have been drairn from our parent Isle. There ara otLers, bosever. winch cannot be introduced in our system without singular incongruity and the production of much
mischief. And this I conceive to be one. No
matter ,n which of the Houses of Parliament a bill
may originate, nor by whom introduced, a minis
ter or a member of t he onnrjitinn. bv tl.
law, or rather of constitutional principle, theSst ereign is supposed to have prepared it asreejilr
to bis will, mid then submitted it to Parliamest
for their advice and consent. Now, the very reverse is the case here, not only with tegard tj tfcs
principle, cut tne lorins preicriied tiy the Uccsti tutin. TLe principle certainly assigns totlieos ly body centiiituteJ by thsOnMitution (tie tih-
Utive body) the power to make Ijwj, auil Ut
forms even direct that tbe enactment tLoa!d be ascribed tn tliom Tli0 M.in-tiil tn ro,i..n fi rar.
enue bW.t-, have tbe right to proposo amendments,
ana sonistso executive, ny the p-twer giv9ii b'Si tc return them to the House ol Repref.-ntilivw
with U19 objections. It is in bis nowcr. aiw. to
propose ameiidmeuts in tbe existing revenue Uw, surrccsied bv hia ohtervations unon their defective
or injurious operation. But tbe delicate dutv of devising schemes of revenue should be left wUre tbe Constitution ha9 placed it with tbe immediate representatives of tbe people. I'cr similar rea
sons, tne mode of keeping tLe public treasure should be prescribed by them, and tbe father removed it inay be from the control of tbe Executive, tbe owe wholesome tha arrangement, anil tbe
iiiuiv; in .Liuiuauui; wiiu rcpuoncall priiiuiiiit. Connected with this subject is the character of
ii.e currency. I he niea of making il exeiwirei) mctalic, however well intended, appears to me t be fraught with more fatal consequences than anj other scheme, having no relation lo the persona! rights of the citizens, that has ever been dftie:d If any single scheme could nroduee the effect of ar-
restipg.at once that mutation of coi dltion by bieb thoUeandsof our nu 't inrtirrant follnir i-ilieils. IT
their industry and enterprise, are raised to tLi
nnsFPQHinn nf u-oaltl. iK ; i.a if il.rre IB
one measure better calculated thin anotl'cr to produce that state of things so much deprecated by i 11- .
an irus iiepuoiicann, ny winch tue nuu are . .1 .1 . . . . I r I . I ... - J.jtri.
tuuiug iu iiiuir uoaros, ana the poor pinxiug
ty to the Constitution, or because
errors hd been committed from a loo hasty ennclmcnt.
".tZ?:??1'. "ecuted, and
.. ...... luc v.onimanaorin-uiiier fthe Arof , he most approved writers upon that species of mixed Government, which in modern Europe, is terwed Monarchy in contradistinction to ).. turn, ,s correct, there was wanting no other addition to the powers of our Chief Magistrate to stamp a monarchical cl.arscteron our Government but the control of ll.e public finances. And to me it appears strange, .ndecd, that any one should doubt, that the entire control which the President possesses over the officers wh have lhe cn.tody of the public money, by tbe power cf Removal, with or without cause, d. (. .11 . ' ,lu
h- .1 1 - , - . " . . "notuiirvous purnois the never dy ing worm m his i words ol tne Const, tution, and therefore, not if?8 !5 ,eas, v:Hy subject the treasure also t
.. 1:1.;.. 1!,.. . r.L.-.j- . , !UI6 Qisnosal. Thn fini Pr.n 1.1 . .
uaca ituiuiii a1, in no m
Dosom, grows with his growth, and strengthens w ithin the competencv of the judiciary to de
wun cne declining years ol its victim. If this chtre void. That however enlifTh,eel
as true, it is the part of wisdom Ai a Repuldi- j patriotic theymi'hl suppose, fiom past cxpe-
....... unites 01 mat oiuccr,at tcoi, iience, ii;e memners ol cjongress might be
attempt to seize the sacred treasure. ;i- .u!
oppos.t.on of the officer to whose charge it bad been committed. b . ,,. 11 b.a.d
v-iK.asisaiva.lll. H i i II J 1 fl K.
wnril IJ.. ," ..mjiuu ta niS
to whom she hts rni.. tA 1 1 .... I . .-1 ...... j- . . . 'fcul the;:' A.."?':, . " ' polll,cal jnstruments for
.... : . W1- b1-" g.nj pi liinuii;, iii inecener-l : : h"hc money, a reference to thpir ofher foreign relations, the execution of her j nl, of lhe libetal leelu.ps of the people,it wasi?r'?m,.M10n,,by a Pr"ont, would be qoite eflaws, and the command of her armies and na-i impossible In .u' n 'gument as that of r in ti.A i?Amn
. , i " -. iV( uiiii b ckj iviirtllUll'U 1 iVniffLt w mviiiO.M ,, to a period so short as to prevent his for-, should ..ot sometimes be conlrolled by local I a,ot insenaihl. f .,.
It wnr 'ist. in rfr.-; --- uiincqiiy inai ex-
C Ull lllihniim..i . r . . ...
vies,
gelling thai he is the accountable agent, not ; interests and sectional feelincs.
the principal: lhe servant, not the master i er, therefore, to provide some umpire, from ITj-.l i . . r i c ..... ) .. .. . . r 1 -
uinu au niiietiuiiieni me VOntiiiuuoii can be effected, public opinion may secure the
wnose situauon and mode of appointment more independence and freedom from such
KlI.-t.A J l
... o . r-- f'ma IU I Il.l rli.hn... . . . . . .
kirn. it. - public revenues, and I
... i'iiiice wntcb baa been
er
Or
O vuWauB auu t.aJC a.-uiri rinxH'r) into penury, it is an exclusive mctalic currier if tllOrf is m nmtrtm K l.:Al. .a j.!i.rl6r
- - - - - - cv.vo. uj ituiiii LUV ' of the rilllntrv fnr ctono m'.t tr nnA ..r.l.lpllOES 01
j - , . ud, k j an. feeling, may be destroyed by tbe great increase
uu iictL-MiirT toleration oi usury, u is in sive metallic currency. Amongst the other duties of a delicate cU:c ter which the President is called upon to perform is the supervision of the government of the Tcr" Inripn at I Hp I'nitn.l Ki.i,.. Tl,. nr thpm h:C
are destined to become members of our great p-
juicui laiiuiy, are compensated by llieir
l-.v.g.voo .iu.., .ii.auujr iu HiaillKKiU, lor U"; 1 - and temporary deprivation of their pul.ticd rigt-t'-It is in this District, only, where American citizens are to be found, who, under a settled poli-7 i - , .... i
reuupnvcu oi many important poJitieai F"". leges, without any aspiring hope as to tt.e futcr? Their only consolation under circumstances I such deprivation, is that of the devoud extenot f . .HMIlf
guaias oi a camp -that tbe.r suBtriDgs sc--- . ! 1 ' . I - . . ... - rtW Oi
iriuijuimj ana saicty within.. Are there j tl.... AI.,.n,.. i . i i . . i . t n rrPl
.u.i ..vuuiijuiiuHHj nouia BUDjeci liitrm v ter sacrifices, to-any other humilations than tboee .:.n ... . .... l..rt
.-Bsi.-iiiiaiijr necessary to me security oi v"j ,
iui omcu iuey were taus separated Irom iuch--low-citizens! Are their rights aloue n"t l" 60
fcuaiainccu oy cue application or tliose grcl v-. i-iiiIa. i.n.H . I. " '. ,i . .-. .. - n rnlinG
I'.vauuu CTIU1.-1J an our KsOn 3liiutio ed. We are told by the irreatestof BrisU!' or1"'" .n.i .i... . .? f the
B.avcpuiiiii, mat, at tne comincricaiiis"War of the Revolution, the most stupid n.eo i in
ugtaiiu .ioi.e ol "their American Are there indeed citizens of any of our Sti. wboavc dreamed of their tuhjeett in the P'tr!,'1 .fr.i i..- o.-.l j t.. niaiiz1-
. - . li..trlL
oy any ajjency or mine. J be people oi in" "" A
'i t..oiu:i.oia are not tae suojectsoi mu y"r- ( the States, but free American citizen?. Be."f 1 j
me iniiri cuuuiuon vt uen lue wnMi.,,v formed, no u-nrH. ;n ili.t instrument coU'
have been intended to deprive them of that cllj acter. If there is any thing in the great I,f,n.CIH lr .. ... J e. .... :.....tld 1)1
o uuaiicnanie rigbts, si empiiaticaiiy i-" on in our Declaration of indepene'ecC tieJ c ' -. . . - ..rprl.
ncuacr mase, nor tbe l.nucd ;aie surrender of their lihtrtipa. and become tl "1
: ...ul. i. .u. .i , rtl.pir prffill
lenow ciiizns. . If this hi. trna (or, A it n-itl u.-arcelV b 6n
It IS called, of tha Truci.. r .u.
I V - " " - "... - , m by any one who Las a correct idea or u.e
. -j ii.iu iu uanau.g