Indiana American, Volume 5, Number 50, Brookville, Franklin County, 15 December 1837 — Page 4

Pit F.SI DKNT MESSAGE. (n. M UEil FROM SKCOM PAGE.) agree thnt the right of sail to the public hinds remain in the Federal Government, and that these lnnJs constitute a common property, to he disposed of for the common benefit of all the States, old and new. Aequiescenc e in this just principle by the people of the new States has naturally promoted a disposition to

adopt the most lil eial policy in the sale of

public lands. A poiicv which should be lim

ited to the mere object of selling the lands for the greatest possible sum of money, without regard to higher considerations, finds but few advocates. On the contrary, it is generally conceded, that v hilst ihe'n.cde of disposi

tion adopted by the General Government,!

fchould always be a prudent one, yet its lead-! ing object ought to be the curly settlement' and cultivation of the lands sold; and that it fchould discountenance, if it cannot prevent, the accumulation of large tracts in the same hands, vi hich must necessarily retard the growth of the new Slates, or entail upon them a dependent tenantry, and its attendant evils. A question embracing such important interests, and so well calculated to enlist the feelings of the people in every quarter of the Union, has very naturally given rise to numerous plans for the improvement of the existing system. The distinctive features of the

policy that has hitherto prevailed, are, to dispose of the public lands at moderate prices, thus enabling a greater number to enter into competition for their pun base, and accomplishing a double object of promoting their

rapid settlement by the pun liascrs, and nlj the same time increase the receipts of the Treasury; to sell for cash, thereby preventing the disturbing influence of a large mass of private citizens indebted to the Government, which they have a voice in controlling: to hi ing them into market no faster than good lands are supposed to be wanted for improvements, thereby preventing the accumulation of targe tracts in few hands; and to

apply the proceeds of the sales to the gener

al, purposes of the Government; thus dimin

ishing (lie amount to be raised from the people of the States by taxation, and giving each Slate its portion of the benefits to be derived

Irom this common fund m a manner the most quiet, and at the s.nne time, perhaps, the most equitable, (hat can be devised. These provisions, with occasional enactments in behalf of special interests deemed entitled to the favor of the Government, have, in their execution, produced results as beneficial upon the whole as could reasonably be expected in a matter so vast, so complicated, and so exciting. Upwards of seventy inilliors of acres have been sold, tiie greater art of which is believed to have been purchased for actual

settlement.

The population of the new

Slates and Territories created out of the pub

lic domain, increased between 1800 and lb3t)s,se at present prices; the populati irom less liiansixlv thousand to onwards of new States would be tn:uh mnro

raise to that price; and that the present uniforn price, combined with their irregular value, operates to prevent a desirable compactness of settlement in the new Slates, and to retard the full developement of that wise policy on which our land system is founded, to the injury not only of the several Slates where the lands lie, but to the United States as a whole. The remedy proposed has been a reduction of prices according to the length of time the

lands have been in market without reference

to any other circumstances. "he certainty that the elllux of lime would not always in such casts, and perhaps not even generally, furnish a true criterion of value; and the prob

ability that persons residing in the vicinity, t.s the period for the reduction of prices ap

proached, would postpone purchases they

would otherwise make, for the purpose of

availing themselves of the lower price, with other considerations of a similar character,

have hitherto been successfully urged to defeat the graduation upon lime. May not all reasonable desires upon this subject be satisfied without encountering any of these objections? All will concede the abstract principle, that the price of lite publie lands should be proportioned to their relative value, so fai as can be accomplished without departing from the rule, heretofore

ohseivod, requiring fixed prices in cases of

private entries. 1 he diniculty of the subject

seems to lie in (lie mode of ascertaining what that value is. Would not the safest plan be

that which has been adopted by many of the

Slates as the basis of taxation an actual valuation of lands, and classification of them into different rates? Would it not be practicable and expedient to cause the relative value of the the public lands in the old districts, which have been for a certain length of lime in market, to be appraised, and classed into two or more rates below the present minimum price, by the of ficers now employed in this branch of the public service, or in any other mode deemed preferable, and to make those prices permanent, if upon the coming in of the report they shall prove satisfactory to Congress? Cannot all the objects of graduation be accomplished

in this way, and the objections which have hitherto been urged against it avoided? Jt

would seem to me that such a step, with a restriction of sales to limited quantities, and for

actual improvement, would be free from all

just exceptions.

Uy the full exposition of the value of the lands thus furnished and extensively promul

gated, persons living at a distance would be

informed of their tiuc condition, and enabled

to enter into competition with those residing in the vicinity; the means of acquiring an iif-

uepenueiu home would be brought within the reach of many who are unable to nurch-

on of the

from time to time been attached to these consideialions, that Congress have passed laws giving actual settlers on the public lands a right of pre-emption to the tracts occupied by them at the minimum price. These laws have in all instances been retrospective in their operation; but in a few years after their passage, crowds of new settlers have been found

on the public lands, for similar reasons, and under like expectations, who have been in

dulged with the same privilege. This course of legislation lends to impair public respect fur the laws of the country. Either the laws to prevent intrusion upon the public lands should be executed, or, if that should be impracticable or inexpedient, they should be modified or repealed. If the public lands are to be considered as open to be occupied by any, they should, by law, be thrown open to

1 bat n Inch is intended, in all instances,

organization of volunteer corps, and the instruction of militia officers, as more simple and practicable, if not equally advantageous, as a general arrangement of the whole militia of the United States. A moderate increase oftha corps, botlfof military and topographical engineers, has been more than one recommended by my predecessor, and my

conviction of the propriety, not to say necessity, of

noticed, ns forming a respectable addition to this arm of our nat ional defence. Our commerce and navigation have received increased aid ami protection during the present year. Our equadrons in the Pacific and on the Brazilian station have been much increased, and that in the Mediterranean, although small, is adequate to the present wants of our commerce in that sea. Additions have been

made to our squadron on the West India 6tation,

the measure, in order to enable them to perforin where the large force under Commodore Dallas has

comp.'.cl,

two millions three hundred thousand soulsjand the large tracts would be sold whirl

constituting, at the latter period, about onc-j would otherwise remain on hand, not only fifths of the whokl population of the United .would the land be brought within the means States. The increase since cannot be aclu-'of a larger number of purchasers, but many ally known, but the whole may now be safe-l persons possessed of greater means would be ly estimated at over tiiree and a half millions' content lo settle on a larger quantify of the of souls; composing nine States, ihe represeii-i poorer lands, rather than emigrate farther talives of which constitute above one-third of "'est in pursuit of a smaller quantity of belter the Senate, and over one-sixth of the House j lmids. Such a measure would also seem to of Representatives of the United States. i be more consistent with the policy of (he ex-

I bus has been formed a body office and jilting laws, than of converting the public doindependent landholders, wilh a rapidity un-jmmn into cultivated farms owned by their ocequally in the history of mankind; and" this j cupants. That policy U no best promoted

great result has been produced without leav

ing any Hung fur future adjustment between the Government and its citizens. The system under which so much has been accomplished cannot be inli incic.;I!y bad, and wilh

occasional modifications, to correct abuses and adapt it to changes of circumstances, may, 1 think, be safely trusted for the future. There

is, m the management of such extensive in

terests, much virtue in stability; and although great and obvious improvements should not be declined, changes should never be made w ithout the fullest examination of their practical utility. In the history of the past, we have an assurance that this safe rule of action will not be departed from in lelation to the

puolic lands; nor is it believed that any necessity exists for interfering wilh the fundamental principles of the system, or that the public mind, even in the new Slates, is desirous of any radical alterations. On the contrary, the genera! disposition appears to be, to make such modifications and additions on-

iy as w ill (he more effectually carry out the original policy of filling our new States and I'erriforics with at; industrious and independent population The modifications most persevcringly pressed upon Congress, which has occupied so much of its lime for years past, and will prob-j

..v iui ,i ug lime to come it not soon

'i'si:ciorny adjusted, is a reduction in the

most ol such portions of the public lands as

ic ascertained to De unsaleable at the rate now established bv law, and a graduation, according to their relative value, of the prices at w hich they may hereafter be sold. It is worthy of consideration whether justice may not be done to every interest in this matter, and a vexed question set t mti.nxrhonc i

lor ever, by a reasonable compromise of conflicting opinions. Hitherto, after being offer-

puuuc sa.e. lands have been disposed of :ir nno nnb. ; .

... -......,,. rccs wntltcver difference there might be in their intrinsic value. The leading considerations urged in favor of the measure referred to, are, that in almost all

"u uiiicis,nnu perticularly in those in which large tracts of every gradation of value, ,om the Government price downwardthat these lands will not be sold at the Government price, so long as belter ran lo rii

veniently obtained for the same amount; that

t. i . . i

i) senumg emigration up the almost interminable streams of the West, to occupy in groups the best spots of land, lcav ing immense wastes behind them, and enlarging the frontier beyond the means of the Government to atfbrd it adequate protection; but in encouraging it to occupy, wilh reasonable denseness, the territory over which it advances, and find its best defence in (he compact front wh:ch it presents to the Indian tribes. Many of you will bring to (he consideration of the subject the advantages of local knowledge and great

er cxpenrnce, and all will be desirous of

makingan early and final disposition nfrvrrv

,i;.-....i.: ... . .. . J

.iU. (juiMiim in regard lo this impor tant interest. If these suggestions shall in

any degree contribute to the accomplishment of so important a result, it will afford me sincere satisfaction. In some sections of the country most of the public lands have been sold, and the registers and receivers have very li t tic to do. It is a subject worthy of inquiry whether in many cases, two or more districts mav notbornn.

sohdatcd, and the number of persons employed in this business considerably reduced. Indeed, the (ime will come when it will be the true policy of the General Government, as to , r 1 1 t- . - "

omu oi uie states, lo transfer to them, for a

icsonaoie equivalent, a the refnsn nnH i,n.

sold lauds, and to withdraw the machinery of

tne icderal land offices altogether. All who take a comprehensive view of our federal sys-

. .... .,.-. mac one ot its greatest exce.lencies consists in interfering as little as possible with the internal concerns of the States, look forward with great interest to this result. A modification of (he existing tans in re

spect to the prices of the iml.lir i...i. c.

aIo have a favorable influence on the legisla-i Hon of Congress in relation to another branch I of the subject. Many who have not the ability to ouy at present nrires. hU .i

- j .- i - j v . v ni muse:

.....us, wiui uie ,,0pe of acquiring from the

cultivation Hie means of purchasing under

pie-emption laws, from fime to time passed by Congress. For this encroachment i '

rights of the United States, they excuse themselves Ullder the nlnn r,flli,.;,-

flpf 41. 4l. I" '

, , .. iiviLMlUfj me lact that thev dispossess nobodv.

enter upon the waste domain; that they give additional value to tin i.-ibli,- !.,.r, ;.. ,i.:

to be legalized, should at once be made legal,

that those w ho are disposed to conform to the laws may enjoy at least equal privileges with those w ho are not. lut it is not believed to be the disposition of Congress loopen the public lands lo occupancy without regular entries and payment of the Government price, as such a course would lend lo worse evils than the credit system, which it was found neces

sary to abolish. It would seem, therefore, to

be the part of wisdom and sound policy to re

move, as far as practicable, the causes w hich produce intrusions upon the public lands, and then lake efficient steps to prevent them in

future. Would any single measure be so ef

fective in removing all plausible grounds for

these intrusions as the graduation cf price al

ready suggested? A short period of industry and economy in any partof ourcounlry would

enable Ihe poorest citizen to accumulate the

means to buy him a home at the lower prices

and leave him without apology for settling on

lands not his own. If he did not, under such circumstances, he would enlist no sympathy in his favor; and the laws would be readily

executed, without doing violence to public

opinion

A large portion of our citizens have seated

themselves on the public lands, without au thority, since the passage of the last pre-emp

tion law, and now ask the enactment of ano

ther, lo enable them to retain the lands occu pied, upon the payment of the minimum Go

vernment price. They ask that which has been repeatedly granted before. Ifthe future

mayr be judged of by the past little harm can

be done to the interests of the Treasury byyielding to their request. Upon a critical

examination, it is found that the lands sold at

the public sales since the introduction of cash

payme nts in lo20, have produced, on an aver

age, the nelt revenue of only six cents an acre

more than the minimum Government pi ice

There is no reason to suppose lhat future sales

will be more productive- The Government,

therefore, has no adequate pecuniary infer

est to induce it to drive these people from the lands they occupy, for the purpose of selling

luem to otners.

Entertaining these views, I recommend the

passage of a pre-emption law for their benefit

in connection with the preparatory steps to

w ards the graduation of the price of tne pub-

lie lanas, ana iiirtiicr and more effectual pio-

visions to prevent intrusions hereafter. In

dulgence lo those who have settled on these

lands with expectations that past legislation would be made a rule for the future, and at

the same time removing the most plausible

ground on wnicli intrusions are excused, and adopting more efficient means to prevent them hereafter, appears to me the most judicious disposition w hich can be made of this difficult subject. The limitations and restrictions to guard against abuses in the execution of a pie-cmption law; will necc-Sfaiily attract the careful attention of Congress; but under no circumstances is it considered expedient to authorize floating claims in nay shape. They

i. ecu ncreioiore, and doubtless would be hereafter most prolific sources of fraud and oppression, and instead of operating lo confer

tne lavor ol the Government on iiulnvirmne

i r

seiners, are oiten used only to minister to a spirit of cupidity at the expense of the most

meritorious ol that clasf.

1 he accompany ing report of the Secretary of War will bring toyour view the state of the Army, and nil (he various subjects confided to

tne superintendence of that officer. n-i - - .

i ne principal pari of the Army has been concentrated in Florida, with a view; and in

me expectation, of bringing (he war in that

ic.iuoiy lo a speedy close. The necessity

irtiiu iioiuiers oitueir entire garrisons, for the

i-ui ..use oi assembling in he icM an .-.rv f

. , . O - .....IT .I

jess .man lour thousand men, would stem to l n.'i ir ;i x . - r

"cefsiij oi increasing our regu-

v"v,.imu me superior cliiciency as well as greatly diminished expense of that descrip-

. .....j.uuiiiinciia tins measure asone of CCOIloriiv as .!!..- ! . r-

...v ... ..v,ul CA ,fuiei)Cy, I reier

io ui leport tor (he reasons w hich have induced the Secretary of War lo urge the re-

o.gamzriuon and enlargement of the staff of

i.ie.vrmy, ana o; the ordnance corps, in which 1 fully concur. It is not, however, compatible wilh iU

terests of the people to maintain, in time of

peace, a regular lorce adequate to the de-

1 , u: u OUI extensive frontiers. In periods of danger and alarm, we must reiy principally upon a well-organized militia: and

ir arrangement that w ill render this d.rin;n r

force more efficient, has long been a subject of anxious so.ic.tude. It was recommended to the first Congress iv Con V..i : ,. . . '

.7 i "uu.gioii, anu nas been since frequently brought to your notice, and recently its importance stronirlv uro-Pfl ht. ; '

I .... & vj ".j uuiir.uiait; predtceesor. 1 he provision in the Constitution that

the various and important duties imposed upon

them, induces me to repeat the recommendation, The Military Academy continues to answer all the purposes of its establishment, and not only furnishes well-educated officers to the Army, but

serves to diffuse throughout the mass of our citi

zens, individuals possessed of military knowledge, and the scientific attainments of ci vil r.nd military engineering1. At present, the cadet is bound, with consent of his parents or guardians, to remain in service five years from the period of his enlistment.

unless sooner discharged; thus exacting oniy one year's service in the Army after his education is completed. This does not appear tome sufficient. Government ought to command for a longer period the services of those who are educated at the pub

lic expense; and I recommend that the time of enlistment be extended to seven years, and the terms of the engagement strictly enforced.

The creation of a national foundry for cannon,

to be common to the service of the Army and Navy

of the United States, has been heretofore recom

mended, and appears to be required in order to place I

our ordnance on an equal footing with that of other

countries, and to enable that branch of the service to control the prices of those articles, and graduate the supplies to the wants of the Government, ns well as to regulate their quality and ensure their uniformity. The same reasons induce me to recommend the erection of a manufactory of gunpowder, to be under the direction of the Ordnance office. The establishment of a manufactory of small arms west of the Alleghany mountains, upon the plan proposed by the Secretary of War, will contribute to extend throughout that country the improvements which exist in establishments of a similar description in the Atlantic States, and tend to a much more economical distribution of the armament required in the western portion of our Union. The system of removing the Indians west of the Mississippi, commenced by Mr. Jefferson in 1804, has been steadily persevered in by every succeeding President, and may be considered the settled policy of the country. Unconnected at first with any well defined system for their improvement, the inducements held out to the Indians were confined to the greater abundance of game to be found in the We6t; but when the beneficial effects of their re

moval were made apparent, a more philanthropic and enlightened policy was adopted, in purchasing their lands east of the Mississippi. Liberal prices

were given, and provisions inserted in all the treaties with them for the application of the funds they

received in exchange, to such purposes as were best calculated to promote their present welfare,

and advance their future civilization. These mea

sures have been attended thus far with the happiest

results.

Jt will be seen, by referring to the report of the

commissioner ot Indian Affairs, that the mostsan

guine expectations of the friends and piomoters of

tins Fystem have been realized. The Choctavvp

Cherokees, and other tribes that first emigrated

beyond the Mississippi, have, for the most part, a

bandoned the hunter state, nnd become cultivators

of the soil. The improvement in their condition

has been rapid, and it is now believed that they are

now niiea to enjoy tne aa vantages of a Eimple form of government, which has been submitted to them and received theirsanction; and I cannot too strongly urge this subject upon the attention of Congress.

Stipulations have been made with all the Indian tribes to remove them beyond the Mississippi, except with the band of the Wyandots, the Six Nations in New York, the Menornonees, Mandans and Stockbridges in Wisconsin, ahd Miamies in Indiana. With all but the Menornonees, it is expected that arrangements for their emigration will be completed the present year. The resistance which has been opposed to their removal by some of the tribes, even after tieaties had been made with them to that effect, has arisen from various causes, operating differently on each of them. In mo&t instances they have been instigated to resistance by persons to whom the trade with thorn and the acquisition of their annuities were important; and in some by the personal influence of interested Chiefs. These obstacles must be overcome; for the Government cannot relinquish the execution of this policy without sacrificing important interests, and abandoning the tribes remaining east of the Mississippi to certain destruction. The decrease in numbers of the tribes within the limits ofthe States and Territories has been most rapid. If they be removed, thev can ho nmt.oj

from those associations and evil practices which exert so pernicious and destructive an influence over their destinies. They can be induced to labor, and to acquire property, and its aenmsitinn will

! inpniro tlinm witl. n fnpllnrr r.f In.! .i ... .

, ... .......... . luut-jiuiiuence. iiieir

been most actively and efficiently employed in protecting our commerce, in preventing the importation of slaves and in co-op3rating with officers of the Army in carrying on the war in Florida. The satisfactory condition of our naval forces abroad, leaves at our disposal the means of conveniently providing for a home squadron, for the protection of commerce upon our extensive coast. Tha amount of appropriations required for such a squadron will bo found in the general estimates for

the naval service for the year The naval officers engaged upon our coast survey have rendered important service to our navigation. 'J lie discovery of a new channel into the harbor of New York, through which cur laro-est ships may pass without danger, must afford important commercial advantages to that harbor, and add greatly to its value as a naval station. The accurate survey efgeorge's shoals off the coast of Massachusetts, lately completed, will render comparatively a safe navigation hitherto considered dangerous.

Considerable additions have been made to the

number of captains, commodores, lieutenants, surgeons, and assistant surgeons in the Navy. TLcsa

Additions ere rendered necessary, by the increas

ed number of vessels put in commission, to answer

the exigencies of our growing commerce. Your attention is respectfully invited to the various suggestions of the Secretary, for the improvement of the naval service. The Report of the Postmaster General exhibits the progress and condition of the mail service The operations of the Post office Department constitute one of the most active elements of cur national prosperity, and it is gratifying to observe with what vigor they are conducted. The mail routes of the United States cover an extent of about one hundred and forty-two thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven miles, having been increased about thirty-seven thousand one hundred and throe miles within the last two years. The annual mail transportation on these routes is about thirty-six millions two hundred and twenty-eight thousand nine hundred and sixty-two miles within the same period. The number of post offices has also been incrersed from ten thousand seven hundred and seventy to twelve thousand and ninety-nine, very few of which receive the mails less than once a wetk, and a large portion of them daily. Contractors and postmasters in general are represented as attending to their duties with most commendable zesd

and fidelity.

The revenue of the .apartment, within the vear

ending on the thirtieth of June last, wns four mil

lion cne hundred and thirtj -seven thousand and

titty-six dollars and nity-nmc cents; and its liabil

ities accruing witinn the same time were three millions three hundred and eighty thousand eiplit hundred and forty-scien dollars and seventy-five cents. The increase of revenue over that of the preceding year was seven hundred and eight thousand one hundred and sixty-six dollars aisd forty-

one cents.

tor many interesting details I refer you to the report of the Postmaster General, with the accompanying paper. Your particular attention is invited to the necessity of providing a more safe and convenient building for the accommodation of the Department. Y lo,, I . . i r, . -rn.n.A f .....

. mj ungietB copies oi reports euumitteu in pursuance of a call made by me upon the heads of Departments, for such suggestions as their experience might enable them to make, as to what further legislative provisions may be advantageously adopted to secure the faithful application of public moneys to the objects for which they are appropriated; to prevent their misapplication or embezzlement by those entrusted wivb the expenditure of them; and generally to increase the securitv of the Government airainct IncoKc ;., !,

mcnt. It is needless to dilate on the importance of providing such new safeguards as are within the power of legislation to promote these ends: and I have htt!c to add to the recommendations submitted to the accompanying papers. I-y law the terms of service of our most important collecting and disbursing fflkcrs in the civil department are limited to fvur years, and when reappointed, their bonds aie required ta be renewr.'. The safety of the public is much increased bv this feature cf the Jaw, and there can he no doubt that its application to all offices entrusted with the colliction or disbursement of the public money.

wuaieMT may tie the tenure of their offices, would

be equally beneficial. I therefore recommend, in addition to such of the suggestions presented by the heads of the Departments as you mav think useful, a general provision, that all' officers of the

Armv or Anvv nr .;,-;! i . . . .j

mind, can be cu.tivated, and they can be tt wititl hn" n,Z

v ame oi saiuicrv anu nni nrm ,u.. u; , .. ,.. i .... - , - - j

w..u uouus, win. good and sufficient securities, at the expiration of every such period. A change in the period of terminating the liscal year from the first of October to the firvt or April, has been frequently recommended, and appears to be desirahle.

The distressing casualties in steamboats, wliicli have so frequently happened durii.ir the vear, seem

vame oi saiuicry anu uniiorm laws, nml ho

sensible of the blessings of free government, and capable of enjoying its advantages. In the possessum of property, knowledge, and a good Government, free to give what direction they please to their labor, and sharers in the legislat:on by which their persons and the profits of their industry are to be protected and secured, they will have an ever present conviction of the importance of un on of peace among themselves, and of the nreservatinn

oi amicable relations with us The interests of the United Statee would also be greatly promoted bv freeing the relations between the General and State Governments from what has proved a most embarrassing incumbrance by a satisfarrnrv n;c..I...

of conflicting titles to lands, caused by the occupation of the Indians, and bv caufim n,o , '

of the whole country to be developed by the power of the State and General Governmpntc a ;

ec by the enterprise of a white population.

".Huaie cumiecteu w mi tins subject is the ob

to evince the necessity of attempting to prevent t hem, by means of severe provisions connected with their custom-hoiiRC papers. This subjected was submitted to tha ntto,,.;..., ,.r s . ..,.2

---- iii ui oon"Tcss nv i lit

a i 1 rcseury in his last annual report. a":.XVI e aain noticed at the present session,

u.u. auuitioiial details. U will doubtless receive that early and careful consideration which its pressing importance seems to require, -oil al!ei,tio" La9 heretofore' been frequently ca. edto the affairs of the District of Columbia, and I should not again ask it d,d not their entire li(M)eniInrt mi. f ... .

lig'tionof the Governments then, a constant

lations. and to nrotect the Tn.t;.. ..." V.V. TU I.. .7 " ,,s "ollce- federated bv the Coiibti-

"at their new residences from l!e I " . ' ' m. ,H'C .rcs' of the Union, limited in ex-

disturbances from any other tribe7or i voulZZ - legislature of its own, it

Indians, or from anv other npr.-nn . " . "c "l here a wise and uruioriu

pr ...- ' ii nai- ; oi weal iroveriiment m

ever unfortunate, has rest of the Union; its

are not only defective,

ent provisions; states, discrepancies

soever," and the equally solemn obligation to n ! adoDte.l Ti lvcnm,e!lt might have been thsiiy from Indian hnsiili.u ; k ' P- IOn.f ,,ard ?Uopt.td' j.'"s District, however unfortunate, has

" ii u 1 1 n tm r HPiT i n m s-t n n : noun nit l ....

stretching alonir a line of morn th 'ZZ.r'r'"': f "j"-1", "ner bc'"nd U" rcbt of the Union; iu

miles. To enable the Cover, J' "s na ! 1." .a,ld. nmi..al,

Pledge to the Indians, and to Z I Z r r "convenient provisions; be

. . ; i. tuuiuus uiui'oot;

o uiucuiiunu. "i me mws prevail in dii

frontiers, and the estab!iRhmn,D; r 7 . "SI" ' lne .77 ' . "ls- a' the

manent posts. Examinations nf .L "Ik. ",e Uo,lera' Government, the site of the

:r;" ' -,r".,"'u.'.en8.V,u re.u,re thocontinu- in the laws prevail i A.tr.ZZ u' V

., . ,. " . . "'ciciii nans oi in. .

T ' " , . ls; aua though it was selected as

al presence of a considerable rrg-ular force

here are large tracts hich even the n vu: ih e 1 "e l,,lb"Vands ' provctnent of the adjacent Ja i. nevc"C ! PJ

Government price. much weight LI Sff InLXd ly theSry W "

renders it necessary to adopt an uniform organ.

I LUL (III JUT I II-" 1111 I IT1Q tl.K.. il T

. " ""uuguoui uie united States. presents an insurmountable obstacle to an efficient

... ..i.su.u.-muj me classification heretofore propo se and 1 invite your attention to the plan whicl

hich

for the

now makinir with a viPw a:Y".. "J ". r"""- "nces, the depositor of it archives, and

able points for the erection o, fort. X '11???, nicers enlrnstcd with large aworks of defence, the resuTs of i ' m,h. V PUb''C perty, and the management of rented to you bv the S! ..r " b pr? I P.ub,,c bus. but it has never been subjected to.

day, together with a plan for the rffprfnni . 7 ' vJ . - TV, tl'at BJ,ecial comprehensive legislation tion nrri.f-..iiJi5 !" V'e. Actual protec-j which these circumstances Znnr,.w ,1.!. I

-. ....,1Jr JlluIil.,Hj na l(J0 nernianpni am uroll t . . r " V -

iptiio nri .a t : . '

fence ofthe frontier States

Hy the report of the Secretary of the N:

... we,, an are of the various subjects of greater magnitude and imr,,o,l;, .. . r.i.m.

,- , - "lute iiuure&i luai press in

, I .. 11

with communicated, it appears that , "X I Ve consideration of Congress; but I be-

nrhr.no I . j . . . w..in.tCu CA- lucre iS IJOt DI1P tlm orl .1 : fit? t(

ertioflR li.ivi liprn inan n .. i

to carry into effect all autho Fl r0nt "Vl ,tS JUStiee' tLan a liberal, and extension and mw 'l. eM.u! ten.tl0n "-e interests ofthe D

nn:nrr 'f".'J'"ur.n&VHltoTce. The and tborousb and careful r;t. mo.nl

w - i 1 Its j vy B

launch-no- 8nH nren,J : r' ,,tt' ,0fce- 1 he

r. . t-K.iwii oi me SD;n Of t ie 1 no .' vernment

. e,aare, and Co.umbus, msy bo 1 V ashington, December Sjh, 1837.