Indiana American, Volume 2, Number 19, Brookville, Franklin County, 9 May 1834 — Page 1

OCR COttltTRY OCR COUNTRY 8 INTEREST AJfD OCli COV,.rrttYV FRIEKDS.

nvr.r. clauksox.

BROOK VI INDIANA, FRIDAY EVEf;:i Si. 0,1 83-1,

XO.UU I .1 S t. I.. . I ... . . .. ...

I wtsiT in ruc i-fiiii-iiiwifin ni rrpniipi nnn in ran.

VOl.. II. NO. 19.

TrRV OFTHE AMERICAN.

f vlnnce-$2,50 in six months; or

l" Tn-nlr.linH nr 1M trill

.i m-cbt . " ::: .i . . ; n . m..

j rtr three times, for one dollar; and 35 me novice ana consent ot tne senate. 1 he

be charred for each additional insertion. Judicial power is vested exclusively In the

supreme ana ower courts oi tneumtca

tain appointments to office, he is to act with

PROTEST OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. Toih' Sendee the United States: " . It appears by the published journal of the smte. that on the 26th of December last, a

was olierea ny a memoer oi me

like nature in ail which either House may

lawfully proceed, without any co-operation with the other, or with the President. On the contrary, the whole phraseology and sense of this resolution seem to be judi-

States, except in case of impeachment, for cial. Its essence, true character, and onlv

which purpose the accusatory power is vested practical effect, are to be found in the conduct in the House of Representatives, and that of which it charges upon the .President, and in

Hearing ana aeterminmg, tne .senate, uut the judgment which it pronounces on that although for the special purpose which have conduct. The resolution, therefore, though been mentioned, there is an occasinoal Inter- discussed and adopted by the Senate in its

mixture of the powers of the different depart- Legislative capacity, is, in its office, and in

.-.!tit!itl

sate which, after a protracted debate, was ments, yet with these exceptions, each ot the all its characteristics, essentially judicial. the tweaty-cighth day of Starch last, mod- three great departments is independent of the That the Senate possesses a high Judicial L I u ih mover, and passed bv the votes of others in its sphere of action; and when it de- power, and that instances mav occur in which

"f twcVv-six Senators out of forty-six, who viatoi from that sphere, is not responsible to the President of the United States will be re Dri 'seat and voted in the following words, the others, further than it is expressly made amenable to it, is undeniable. But under :,. b so in the constitution. In every other respect, the provisions of the constitution, it would Tff-Y.f. Tint the President, in the late each of them is the coequal of the other two, gcem to be equally plain that neither the

-Executive proceedings in relation to the pub'

, i - . .nniif. has assumed upon himselt au- Pe, wunoui power or rigm 10 comrui ur ecu tUUV a i etc it t

"lit IVf'"-7

guards and formalities which the constitution hai' connected with the power of impeachment, were doubtless supposed by the frame is of that instrument, to be essential to the protection of the public servant, to the attainment of justice, and to the order, impartially, and

aiguiiy oi me preceaeure. . i ncse sale-guards

and formalities weue not only practically dis- Land decision, by a previous ex parte investiea-

frn 9r1 rr1 a V a jtMwh a m, . A .1 . 1 .11 1 . ...

uon ana sentence against the supposed oflen-

regarded, in the commencement and conduct

of these proceedings, but in their result, I find myself convicted by less than two-thirds of the members present, of an impeachable offence. In vain may it be alleged in defence of this proceeding, that the form of the resolution is not that of an impeachment, or of a judgement thereupon; that the punishment prescribed in

the constitution does not follow its adoption,

or that in this case, no impeachment is to be expected from the House of Representatives.

and all are the servants of the American Peo

ple, without power or right to control or ceh

.. . 4 t I a I en 0.fi ntho. in Ihn eanrim. nP thoir

.i. ,:t,- mil nnwer not conierreu uv uie cuu-1 .v - v.

irfitn't'ori and laws, but in derogation of nion superior, save only in the manner and

It is because it did not assume the form of an

President. nor any other officer can be n2btv ;tnpeachment," that it is the palpably repug

tuny s3jcx.cti ir-r- ihe constitution: for i.ntroucrh that

Representatives, assume notcr!ythe funoiyon which belgs exclusively to that body, but convert themselves into accusers, witnesses, counsel, and judges, and prejudge the; whole case. Thus presenting the appalling spectacle, in a free state, of judges going through a

taoorea preparation lor an impartial hearing

both.'

com- power of the Senate, except in the ensti i nd to under the forms prescribed by the constiiu-

the degree which that superior has prescri- tion.

.... . . i i ki i twi. . J 1 tv.t uii. u.a..:

tr. in.i thp imnnr. tnroup-n tne voiun-i"- i ine consuiuuou uevwic. uwi mc i;isi-

Mr liVri-res of the American People, to fill The responsibilities of the President are dent, Vice, President, and all civil officers of

'ie office of President of the United States numerous and weighty. He is liahle to lm- the United States,shall be removed from ofV - tliC period which may be presumed to peachmcnt for high crimes and misdemeanors, fice on impeachment for, and convicted of hatbec.i referred to in this resolution, it is and, ton due conviction, to removal from office, "treason, bribery, or other high crimes nd uScientlv evident that the censure it inflicts and perpetual disqualification J and notwith- "misdemeanors" the House of Representa- " . .'j.i r. ir v;tkn.. standinir such conviction. he mav also be in- t.i?e "thall hav ihi whnln nnwer nf imnparh.

:md untried. I thus find myself char- Q-Cted and punished according to law. He is rnent" that th Senate "shall have, the sole

a-Miv" - ' " . . II I .1.1. it. a! .A 1 1

rprnrds of the Senate.- and in a l aiso uaoie m me private action oi any uany power to try all impeachments" mat "wnen

... . j i a a a t i I r .

wno may nave oeen iniurea oy ins megai sittinir for that

a:

on

form hitherto unknown in our . history, with

the

purpose, they shall be on oath

I J - A a i! a 1 , I . . a . l .a -a . r

hitrh crime of violating the laws and con-1 "iauulcs wr lusuutvious, m mc buii.c uiauuci i or aiurmation" mat -wnen tne rresiaeni oi

t:tution of my country. iuu iu me sauie eiiem as me iiuuiuicsi. imif ine uniteu otates is triea, tne niei justice '. knnprprrfnrftnv Denart-1 tionary. , In addition to the responsibilities h'shalf preside" that "no person shall be con-

a l va i .viMWMi w --j ' - j I

v..iKri.rnr inititicc in the manner of the Iree reopleofthe United States have theun- "under the United States."

Luk. litit when the chief Executive Ma-doubted rig" individuals or collectively, The resolution above quoted, charges in

romptly expose the wrong wnicn r.wVVuiuvi wuuito moj . --t " i uiciu uj . iuv nuusc w. vcjh;ocui.iivcb, nu

p in, it-ut oe examined Dy mem. l nese are upon due conviction, to removal irom otnee,

rae. moreover, there is even oeueveaiooe tne proper ana oniy moaes, in &nd to the complete ana lmtsutaDie aisiran-

the constitution."

Bv an express provision of the constitution,!

t vtv tl c i'rtdent of the United States can

enter o:i the execution of his office, he is re-

q ' :i to take an oath or affirmation in the

to; Tin; words:

m it .if the Government, when assailed in wnicn may mus oe entorcea Dy impeacnmeiu, victed without the concurrence oi two-thirds

conversation, or debate, or by the strictures criminal prosecution, or suit at law, he lis also 0fthe members present" and that "judgof the press or of popular assemblies, to step accountable at the bar of public opinion, for "ment shall not extend further than to remo- ,,,'; 'nr.linarr nnth for the mi r nose of vin- every act of his administration. Subject on- "Tal from office, and disquallificatiou to hoW

dicatin its conductor of pointing out any lTto he restraints of Truth and Justice, the and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit,

;rre

'-r-t.c KrnDnil..mr.:timnnrt.inthran-orallyoriu writing, at such times, and in such I substance that in certain proccedines rcla

che of the Government, in its official capaci- language and form as they may think proper, ting to the public revenue, the President has tr, in a public manner, and by its recorded to discuss his official conduct, and to express usurped authority and power not conferred wrncc hut without precedent, competent and promulgate their opinions concerning it. upon him by the constitution and laws, and

authority or just cause, declared guilty of aIndirsct,y so lis conduct may come under that in doing bo he violated both. Any such

htv.u -h of the la w and constitution, it is due review in eitner branch oi the legislature, or act constitutes a high crime one ot the high

to his station, to public opinion, and to a prop int. Senate when pctingin its ExccaUye est, indeed, which the President can commit

per seif-respect, that the officer thus denoun- capacity, and so tar as the executive or legis- a crime which iustly exposes him to impeach

ced should p

has been dot

In t!i" nresent

c'nmjrpr nerc itv Car uch a vindication, which the President of the United States is to chisement prescribed by

W . - .!-l.- I. -. . . . . . I ' ml I AT .... . .

nviu nwuuuvauic ivi ma vuiviai iuiiuuvu i lie rcauiuuuu. uicu. nu 111 Buuautiiv.ee."

Tested by these principles, the resolution I impeachment of the President; and in its pasof the Senate is wholly unauthorized by thelsaret rotints to a declaration by a mojority

constitution, and in derogation of its entire I of the Senate, thnthe is guilty of ail trpc.-

spmt. it assumes that a sincle branch ot thel able offence. As such, it is spread upon the

. I ! if T a . t ..I. A. a . l. a

i , ;.,t k. , t nritl lecisiauve department may. ior tne purpo- lournals ol uie senate ouDiisnea to tne n-

-f.v.thillv execute the office of President of 8e9 of a public censure, and without any view tion and to the world made part of our enthe Unfted States and will, to the best of to legislation or impeachment, take up, con- during archie ves--and incorporate in the his"trv ahilitv pieserve protect and defend, ler,ond decide upon, the official acts of the tory of the age. The punishment of remow the constitution of the United States." Executive. But in rio part of the constitu- val from office and future qualification, does T!:eJatTofdefending,sofarasinhimlies is the President subjected to any such not, it U .true, follow this decision; nor would the integrity of the constitution, would indeed responsibihty; andm no part of that intra- it have followed me like deciston, if the reghave resulted from the very nature of his of- tnent is any such power conferred on either alar forms of proceeding fcadbfeen pursued, lice- but hr thu cnMin. it in tb OUial branch pf the X-eeislature,., because the requisite number did not concur Sth or aMrmation wWch in mis reject, The justice of these conclusions-wlir beriir In-BifllmirairinB-iiioWil influence of a differs from that of 'every other functionary, lustrated and confirmed by a brief analysis of solemn declaration, by a majority of the Senr,...i e .... fMt the powers, of the Senate, and a comparison ate, that the accused is guilty of the offence

their sense of its importance, and . have given of their recent proceedings with those pow- charged upon him, has been as effectually se-

toita peculiar solemnity and force. Bound cre .... ' . . . curea, as u me Ccwruuu u wecu

Indeed, a greater practical et-

gained, because the votes given

though not 6uiisttrto au-

I a . . . . . . rVI t V I. a -a . . .Hi . 'l.

s'h t!. Ar,o -,,nfrv-nnl WDen "rang as a court ior tne inai oi im- tnorize a judgement oi guury on an lmpeacn-s-fth the welfare and glory of my country, and I .f s.ni. ;.nrW.n.LBnt. .nn.,rl. tn rrrv that

w?nf Z .SJSiSSoflno horiied and necessarily required to consider resoluUon. Cfotonlvl?hX anddecideupontheconductoflhePresident, .That the resolutiou does not expressly al f!lre?"un or any other public officer. Indirectly how- leee that the assumption of power and au

: TnlJ?SirV?L ever. as has already been 8uggsted,it may thority, which it condemns, was intentional

r ei bv it fa Z3JlnSl frequently be called on to perform, that office, and corrupt, is no answer to the preceding A1'0?"0 of its Legis. view of its character and effect. The act

perauye outy to maintain me or jj proccedincs, in which it thus condemned, necessarily implies volition

iZrV L r ;acrc? insin'cn Ra "e mav lie indispensable to the proper exercise and design in the individual to whom it is im-

7 U)e oepartment mtrustea to my f that u shoul j inqu-e intcs and cted, ftSd bein unlawful in its character, the WafjoSl SrSS. SIZa decideP upon,' the conduct of the President or fegal conclusion is, that it was prompted by

-.:.i..Lr V - . ".' Mhpr tvublie officers! and in every such case, improper motives, and committed with an un-

i. YnJ lTUS OUr1CH1. in8Qtu.t,onfc ftiu constitutional right to do so cheerfully con- lawful' intent. The charge is not of mistake aS5?;i But to authorize the Senate toenter in the exercise of supposed powers,butof the

Fivu.ut, , f ..trh tnsV In ita I..rislative or ExecuUve assumption of cowers not conlerred by the

icuontneh snf tht l-.rcrntivf llnartment.1 " -- . o . . . 1 . .... j

and

It sMiUH,r X th. . tST nU of and tend to some Legislative or Executive both, and nothing is suggested to excuse or J I p i i i subject, the Senate, u n andt the decision, when expressed, palliate the turpitude of the the abySPW1 that lhe V1CW! wh ch. 1 S tlfe th; of soma aoproprikte Le! sW of any such excuse, or palliation, there

wS ? G, Proedings relerred to, anc ; . , u Executive act. - V ' " ; - is only room for one inference; and that is, wu ch compel me to regard them in the ligh . ollMtion a. introduced. that the intent was ' unlawful and carrupt.

- nas Deen mentioned, should be exhibited an1 not as a ioint. but at a Besides, the resolution not only contains no

ZS ' 8M frefd M(1 teparate resolution. It asserts no Legislative mitigating suggestion, baton the contrary, hi h are requtred by an occasion so unprece- E B3 nrt Wislative actiln i and holds Up the alt complained of, as justly ob-

tTif"rpccu 'J? neither possesses th form nor any of the at- noxious to censure and reprobation: and thus

as distinctly stamps it with impunity ol mo-

t for iMsHirotifHi that

omohlyattfie"i'rewT5ueTrtadwi

ponsible to the Seuate; and though neither

removal from office nor future disqualification ensues, yet it is not presumed, that the framers of the constitution considered either or both

of those results, as couslitutine the whole of

the punishment they prescribed. -The judgment of guilty by the highest tribunal in the

Union; the stigma it would inflict on the oi-

ftnder.his family and fame; and the perpetual

record on the journal, handing down to future

generations the story of his disgrace, were

doubtless regarded by them as the bitterest

portions, if not the very essence of that pun

ishment. So far, therefore, some of its most

, a . .

material parts nre concerned, the ' passage,

recording, and promulgation ol the resolution

are an attempt to bring them on the President

n a manner unauthonzied by the constitution.

To shield him and other officers who are liable

to impeaenment, irom consequences so mo-

mentuous, except when really merited ' by of

ficial delinquencies, the constitution has most

carefully guarded the whole process of im

peachment., A majority of the House of Rep?

resentative9 must think the omcer euilty, be'

fore he can be charged. Two-thirds of the

Senate must pronounce him guilty or he

deemed to be innocent, iorty-six Senators

appear by the journal to have been present

when the vote on the resolution was taken

If, after all the solemnities of an impeachment

thirty ol those Senators had voted that the President wasguihy,yet would he have been

acquitted; but by the mode of preceding

dopted in the present case, a lasting record of

conviction has been entered up by votes

der.

There is no moresettlcd axiom itt that gov.

eri.ment whence we derive the model of

this part of our constitution than, that "the Lords cannot impeach any to themselves, nor join in the accusation, because they are judges" Independently of the general reasons,on which this rule is founded, its propriety and importance are greatly increased by the nature of the impeaching power. The power of arranging the high officers of Government, be

fore a tribunal whose sentence may expel them

III Thf niir nrmini'. vt Ihil Jilfv h thf rtatrt 1

Save thn. h,- tho nhWions of stituUon to the Senate, are in their nature ei- same terms.

cntitude to V AmPrirn Peonle.and bv the ther Legislative, Executive, or Judicial. It feet has been

i,:-k iui. .of hsonly in the exercise ot its Judicial powers, for the resolution,

"nun u u ue my everT eaiiun iinticoi

fn.i.fi F c "r r ri. tt . neither possesses th form nor any of the at- n

Ulltr am J.. J m...1a. V

' uic a i . a iv iifiiiii'ii in ii'xiiil uv iin" K . a . .

: .... J lanv l.iw or mint resolution, or

cessary mlerence. The Legislative power, V,bj-lct to the qualified negative of the Presi-

5.ent s vested in the Congress of the United

joint

in any

Legislative action.

Whilst wanting both the form

'Vexs Messrs.

other tional triers, accused and found guilty of an

I impeachable offence: but in no part of this

and 6ub- proceeding have the directions of the consti-

s;;:.'a,csieu m"le .V5gre 01 ,.ne..uniK. i(4B f ltraf.vp. it is eouallv tution been observed.

RepSSSSf tK p5J? iowe'r 1. manifest, that the resolution was not justified The impeachment, instead of bejng prefer"prescntatnes. The Executive power is . ; ?r i4. , nrrmjnn )Bn nm.p.-ntlt hv thP Honso ofReore-

the Senate. These powers relate exclusive- sentatives, originated in the Senate, and was ly to the consideration of treaties aud nomin- prosecuted without the aid or concurrence of ations to office; and they are exercised in se- the other Hsuse. The oatluor affirmation

pr. PrsniSo. d f n.kk;n. R;la.l. .n.1 niik rlncr1 Annr. This nrescihpd bv the the constitution, was not

cce,b:nUh, Southard, Sprague,Swift, Tom- resolution does not apply to any treaty or taken by the Senators; the Chief Justice did J'nson, Tyler, Waggaman, Webster, 20. nomination, and was passed in a public ses- not preside; no notice of the charge was givaays Messrs. Hpntnn. Ttrnwn. Forsvth. aion. en to the accused: and no opportunity aflord-

rurvdy, Hendricks, Hill, Kane, King, of Nor does this proceeding in any way be- ed him to respond to the accusation, to meet

ntai resolutions nis accusers iace 10 lace, iu Haumn. ."v-

the Senate, to I witnesses,to procure counteracting testimony,

V.1' !-Clayton, Ewing, Frelinghuysen; Kent, f'ijht, Leigh, Maneum, Naudain, Poindex-

;- fuiier. rr

:-- ing, ot Ua., Lmn, Mclvean, Moore, long to that classs ot inciae

rvoomson, Shepley, Tallmadge, Tlp- which relate to the omcers I0i Vhite, Wilkinsj Wright, SO. j their chamber, and other j

from their seats, and brand them as infamous, ts - fciirtnemly a popular remedy -a rcmeV-

esigned to be employed for the protection ol

private right and public liberty, against the a-

buses ol injustice and the encroachments ot

of arbitrary power. But the framers of the

constitution were also undoubtedly aware. -

that this formidable instrument had been, and might be abused and that from its very nature, an impeachment for high crimes and misde

meanors, whatever might be its result, would in most cases be accompanied by so much of

dishonor and reproach, solicitude and sunering, as to make the power of preferring it, om;

ol the highest solemnity and importance, it'

was due to both these considerations, that the .

impeaching power should be lodged in hand. - .t . iL X- . C it. .1 i I ,,

me oi inose wno, irom me moae oi mcir elec

tion & the tenure of their officcs,would most a'c- , curately express the populur will, and at' tho

same time be most directly and speedily ame

nable to the People, lhe theory oi .these

wise and benignant iutentiohs is, in the pre sent case, effectually defeated by the proceo

dmgsot the fecnate. lhe members of that

body represent, not the People, but the States; and though they are undoubtedly responsible to the States, yet, from their extended term of service, the 'effect of that responsibility,

during the whole period of that term, niusf; . very much depend upon theirowii'impressibits . of-its obligatory force. 'When a" body, thiii constituted, expresses, before hand, its opinion- -in a particular case,- and thus indirectly invites a prosecution, it not ohl v nsumes a power intended for wise rcaso..- i oe confined I to others, but it shields the latter from the ex-

oflclusive and -personal ! responsibility under

twenty-six Senators, without an impeachment! which it was intended to be' exercised,' and ot- trial; whilst llw co5tStaticn.--.tpra!:;ly U-1 reverses the whole scheme of this, part "of tha .

clares that to the entry of such a judgement, constitution.- ' - . , an accusation by the House of Renresenta- " Such would be some of the objections to

tives, a trial by the Senate, and a concur- this procedure, even if it were admitted that rence of two-thirds in the vote of guilty, shajl there is just ground for imputing to ihe Presi-

be indispensable pre-requisites. l dent the onences charged in the resolution.

Whether or not an impeachment was to be But if, on the other hand, the House of Rep-

expected from the House of Representatives, resentatives shall be of opinion that there is

was a point on which the senate had no con-Jno reason for charging them upon Lim, and

stitutionai ngnt to speculate, and in respect tol shall therelpredeem it improper to preler an which, even had it possessed a spirit of prbph"- impeachment, then wiirihe violation of privi-

ecy, its anticipations would have furnished nol lege as it respects that House, of justice as it

just grounds for this procedure. Admitingthat regards the President, and of the constitution, there was reason to believe that a violation of as it relates to both, be only the more ccnthe constitution and laws had been actually spicuous and impressive. ' - ' "

committed by the President, still it was the - Ihe constitutional mode , of procedure on "-. duty of the Senate, as his sole constitutional an impeachment has not only been wholly v

udges, to wait for an impeachment until the disregarded, but some of the first principles

other House should think proper to prefer it. of natural right and enlightened jurispru- ,

The members of the Senate could have no dence, have been violated in the very form right to infer that no impeachment was inten- of the resolution. It carefully abstains from

ded. On the contrary, 'every legal and ra- averring in which of "the late proceeding in tional presumption on their part oughtto have "relation to the public revenue, the President

been, that if there was good reason to believe "has assumed upon himself authontyand pow-

him guilty of an impeachable offence, the "er not conferred by the constitution and

House of Representatives would prefer its con- l"laws." It carefully abstains from specifying

stitutionai duty, by arranging the offender be- J rrAoi laws or ichat parts of the constitution have

lore the justice of his country. , 1 he contrary been violated. Why was not the certainty , presumption would involve an implication de- of the offence "the nature and cause of the

rogatory to the integrity and honor ol the accusation 'set-out in the manner required of the Representatives of the People. But in the constitution, before even the humblest

suppose, the suspicion thus implied were actu- maiviauai, tor tne smallest crime, can be, exally entertained, and for good cause, how can posed to condemnation? ' Such a specific a" it justify the assumption by the Senate of pow" tion was due to the accused, that he iight

eruot conferred by the constitution t direct his defence to the real points of attack ;

It is only necessary to look at the condition to the l'eoplc, that taey might clearly under-

in which the Senate and the President have stand , in what particulars their institutions"

been placed by this proceeding, to perceive had been violated; and to the trutlurid cerits utter incompatibility with the provisions tainty of our public annals. As the "record and the spirit of the constitution," and with the now stands, whilst the resolution plainly char !

plainest dictates of humanity and justice;' - ges uponthe President at least; one - act pi. . . If the House of Representatives shall-be of usurpation in "the late Executive pcoccedingt opinion that there is just ground for the cen- in relation to the' public revenue," and ,is so . sure pronounced upon the -President, then framed that those Senators' who believed that will it be the . solemn duty of that House to one such act, and only one," had been com- -prefer the proper accusation, and to cause him mi t ted, could assent to it; its language-is yet to be brought to trial by Ihe constutiobal tri- broad enough to include several such- acts; bunal. But in what condition would he find and 60 it 'may have been - regarded. by some that tribunal! A majority of its members of those who voted for it. v But .though the -have already considered" the case," and have accusation is thus comprehensive in" the ccnnot only formed but expressed a deliberate sures it implies,' there is no "such certainty of judgement on its merits. It is the policy of time, place, or' circumstances, as to exhibit our benign systems of jurisprudence,to secure, the particular conclusion of fact 6r law which in all criminal proceedings, 'and even in the induced any one Senator to vote for it.' And most trivial litigations, a fair, unprejudiced, it may well have happenpd that whHst one

and impartial trial. And surely it cannot be Senator believed that some particular act emless important that such a trial should be se- braced in the resolution, was an arbitrary and . . . . .. '1 j- i- LiLi C

cured to the highest omcer OI the govern- unconstitutional assumption oi power,otners oi rnent. , . the majority may have deemed that very act The constitution makes the House of Rep- both constitutional and expedient, or if notresentatives the exclasive judges, in the first expedenty yet still within the pale of the coninstance, of the question, whether the Presi- stitution And" thus a majority of the Sen adent. has committed an impeachable of- tors may -have been ; enabled to concur, in a fence. A majority of the Senate, whose in- vague and undefined accusation, that the terference with this preliminary question, has President, in the course of "the late Execu

tor the best of all reasons, been studiously ex-iuve proceeamg ui icmuvu w me puuuc

ppurtenanceslorlorto be heard in his defence. The safe-l eluded, anticipated the action of the House c revenue," lladvtolated the corsutution and

: i

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