Greencastle Star Press, Greencastle, Putnam County, 1 September 1894 — Page 5

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Ti-IE OPtHlE3SrOASTL.E! STAE.-EI^ESS-StJlPELEl^EEKn?.

n mND miacoME

Tendered Congressman G. W. Cooper at His Homo.

Thousands Assemble Honor His Return.

RINGING TRUTHS UTTERED,

Sailing Forth the Proud ord of Democracy,

Rec-

The Party That Alone Upholds Labor’s Cause.

The DiMlinKtitNhei! Author of the Hill rinclnv n Tux I lion Oreenbuek.it Set* Forth the Heeurd tif the Fifty-Third Couftre** iind Olveu un Able Fxpo*ltlt.n t.f the lleuefltu Aecrulim to the l.tihtirliiK Muu from the l*n**tiRe «f the New Tariff Hill—l ueounled Record of Indlnnn IJeniocruey—The Party Thut I.euUInte* for the I.uliorInnf Man—Work of lonttrcim Revlewed—Oreut Open ton of the CumpulKO.

molested or burdened In tils body or diana In all of Its branches watt In the jroods, nor shall otherwise suffer on ac- i hands of the democratic party—whatever, count of his religious opinions or belief; therefore, of credit may be dut> to any but that all men shall be free to pro- | pilltlcal party as a result of this leglslafess, and by argument to maintain their i tlofl belongs to the democratic party.

The Hon. George W. Cooper was tendord a magnificent ovation at Columbus on Labor day by the democracy of Bartholomew county. The court house was packed with persons of all parties, many ladles being present to join in the

ipplause.

The speaker was escorted from his residence to the court house by citizens 100 strong, headed by a band of music. The appearance of Hr. Cooper in the house was greeted with long and conMnued applause, showing the estimation In which he Is held at the home of hie boyhood. His reception was a fitting testimonial of the grand work ho has done in congress. It was a fitting opening of the campaign and the applause that rang out as the speaker proceeded showed that the democracy Is In earnest and that the good work will go on until the election. After thanking the audience for his reception he said: Tne modest granite obelisk which marks the grave of Thoma.v,Jefferson bears this ‘ascription: “Here was burled Thomas Jefferson, author of the declaration of independence, of the statute of Virginia for religious freedom, and father of the University of Virginia.’’ This Inscription had been written by Jefferson and had b"/‘n found among his papers after his death. This fact leaves us In no doubt of the grand purpose of his life, and clearly points to ' those achievements which, in his estimation, rendered his name most worthy of remembrance. He had been prominent In every walk of life. He had held almost every official station worth the naming He had been the central figure In legislative bodies, conventions, courts and cabinets, and he had been twice president of the United Statds; but, In his estimation, these were unimportant compared with the three great achievements which adorn his monument and which will perpetuate his memory. In the abstract they represent political equality, religious freedom and intellectual development. If I were to ask you to name the three greatest blessings which government can secure and conserve, you would hesitate long before you would offer a substitute for either of the three already named. I shall speak briefly concerning each of these three great topics, and first of Polltlcul Hiinnlity, The equality for which Jefferson contended was equality of right—equality of opportunity. It Is true that the language used In the declaration of Independence Is that ‘‘aU men are created equal,’’ but this language Is not to be taken In Its literal sense. It Is not true that all men are equally endowed, either physically or Intellectually. His contention was, and the declaration means, that all are>«qual before the law; that men are equally entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that they are equally heirs in the horitage of liberty and tenants In common to the rights of man; that neither by divine right nor political charteiy nor legislative enactment, can any nun claim special privileges or immunities which ore denied to his fel-

low-man.

Jefferson did not content himself with merely writing this declaration of human rights, but he eiideav oi ed with ail his power to secure to his fellow-citizens this equality to which he declared they were

entitled.

The laws of Virginia, very naturally, were copied after those of the mother country. The law of primogeniture, which Provided that the estate of the father should deecend to the eldest son was still

in force In Virginia wv.|)»

the legislature of that state he caused the passage of a law which repealed this law »f primogeniture, thus putting all the heirs of the deceased parent upon terms of perfect equality. A compromise was urged by his opponents, who contended lion. Uio eiuest son. II he could not have all. should, at le.ust, have a double portion r n response to thjs contention Mr.

Jefferson said:

“If the eldest son could eat twice as much or do twice as much work It might be natural evidence of his right to a double portion; but being on a par in his powers and wants with his brothers and sisters, he should be on a par also In the partition of his patrimony.” There Is great doubt and contention concerning the authorship of the ordinance of 1787. of which T shall speak later bu* I' is a circumstance which strongly ly borates the claims of the partisans of firrson that this clause was also inoor.K>rated In that great ordinance. I have aid «pee!a! stress upon this subject of jquallty and of Jefferson’s relation to It because It Is conceded by all that Thomas lefferson, more than any other man, laid the foundation of the democratic party, ind that from his life and teachings it tontlnues to draw Its inspiration. Indeed, ,t Is for the purpose of continuing the conflict which he begun, and to advance and flevelop the Ideas for which he contended. demooratio party exists today^ ReliutiMiM Freedom,

opinions In mutters of religion, and that the same shall In nowise’diminish, enlarge or affect fheir civil capacities.” The first article of the ordinance of 1787 declared that “no person demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly manner shall ever be molested on account of his mode of worship and religious sentiments.” AVhlle Jefferson was not himself a professed Uhristlan he knew the full value of religious freedom. He knew from bis own observation, as well as from history, that men held their religious convictions dearer than life Itself, and he thorefiire desired to impress upon his fel-low-men the importance of maintaining that right which in all countries and In all ages has been esteemed above every other right. As professed followers of Thomas Jefferson the democratic party plants itself upon this platform. It said In the constitution of Indiana In 1851: "No. 47. Right to Worship. 2. All men shall be secure in their natural right, to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own consciences.” Intellect uni Development. While Mr. Jefferson desired to be remembered as the founder of the university of Virginia we are by no means to Infer that the efforts of his life were confined to the establishment of a sdhool In which only the higher branches of learning were to be taught. He believed in the necessity of education in a free government. He said: "If a people expects to be Ignorant and free In a state of civilization It expects what never was and What neve* will

be ”

Parton, in speaking of bis efforts In this direction, said: “He felt that a community needs the whole of the superior Intelligence produced in it, and that such Intelligence Is only made available for good purposes by right culture. His plan, therefore, embraced the whole Intellect of the state. He proposed to place a common school within reach of every child; to make a high school accessible to every superior youth; to convert William and Mary college into a university.” He seems here to have foreshadowed our own present unsurpassed school system, being as It Is based upon this Idea of progressive steps, viz: from the common to the high school and thence to the

university.

The continental congress passed an ordinance In 1785 providing for the survey of the public lands, and In this ordinance it was provided that every sixteenth township in the northwest territory should be set apart for the use of common sbhools. The ordinance of 1787 declared that: “Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall ever be

encouraged.”

I have frequently referred to the or-

dinance of 1787.

In my Judgment, taking Into consideration the principles It declares and the results which followed from Us adoption. It Is the most important state paper known In the annals of our political his-

tory.

The declaration of Independence was made out of a decent respect to the opinions of mankind. It simply declared what with one accord the people believed and had already determined to do. The revolution might have been fought to a successful termination without It. The constitution Itself, in all human probability, would not have been adopted but for the harmonious Influences resulting from the adoption of this ordinance. It gave the new republic Us first public domain; furnished means with which to pay its public debt and in some measure recognize the claims and reward the services of Us soldiers, and more than all It allayed the fears and removed the prejudices of the smaller

states.

As I have already said, there is great dispute over the authorship of this ordinance. There Is also some question as to the title of what was known as the Northwest territory. I think the best evidence Is in support of the claim of Virginia. She was in possession of the territory, and she had at her own expense exercised military authority In its defense. Upon this point there Is no dispute. Thomas Jefferson as a citizen and member of the state legislature ol Virginia, Induced the people of the state, for the good of the union, and, as afterwards appeared, for Us perpetuity, to cede that territory to the general government, and he was authorized by the legislature of his slate, together with Sam Hardy. Arthur Lee and James Monroe, to execute the deed of conveyance, which they afterwards did. In addition to the point of Interest already mentioned by me. this territory, by the terms of this great charter, was dedicated to freedom and slavery forever prohibited within Us borders. Out of the territory thus ceded to the United States, the five great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin were afterwards carved, and upon them these great principles of political equality and religious freedom and intellectual development were In-

delibly Impressed,

Let us now consider how the administration of government along the lines here mentioned has affected, and to what

extent, benefited the people.

Origin of Our Common School*. As I have already said, the groundwork for a common school system was laid In that ordinance which gave each sixteenth section of the public domain for that use. In the early days in Indiana our school system did not progress, for the reason that the rents for 1 these lands were not sufflelent to pro-

I need not dwell upon the Importance of education. Whatever may have been the opinions of the people In the post, there Is In our country today no division of sentiment here. Hut I shall Insist that especially to the great struggling, tolling masses It has been an inestimable boon; that it has brightened their humble homes, lifted up their heads and advanced them to that higher plane of equality which Jefferson declared was

their divine right.

<'ur*» for the lufortunate*

It waa declared In that same conStltution to which I have referred thag "It shall be the duty of the general assembly to provide by law Institutions for the education of the deaf and dumb and also for the treatment of the Insane.” During the supremacy of the republlcaJt jiarty but little progress was made in this direction. The buildings for the accommodation of the defective and de|**ndent classes were inadequate. The methods of their treatment were unsatisfactory. The permanently Insane were in the poor houses, and sometimes even in the county jails. The first insane man I ever saw was when, as a boy, x visited a poor house and saw one chained to a post on the porch lying asleep In the sun. The democratic party has changed all this. It has erected magnificent buildings, wherein these unfortunate citizens are given all the necessities and comforts of life and are supplied at the cost of the state with professional treatment of the highest order. Our wayward boys are given a home and opportunities for educauon at Plainfield, and under the most wise and beneficent management every effort U made to lure them from the paths of vice and start them on the road to respectability and good citizenship. Appropriations have lx-en made for the buildings and for the administration of the soldiers’ orphans’ home at Knightstown, and for an institution for the care and Instruction of feeble-minded youth at Ft. Wayne. Time will not permit mo to go into a further discussion of the management of our penal and reformatory Institutions, but It will not be denied that they are administered with fidelity and economy and that every trust confided by democratic legislatures to democratic officials Is being performed under a high sense of responsibility to the people and to the cause of humanity. Appropriation was made for the soldiers and sailors' monument. Our fee and salary laws have been revised and reformed. The school book monopoly was overthrown, and your children are no longer obliged to pay tribute Into its coffers, A new Flute house has been built which is both suitable for the purpose for which it was designed and also imposing and beautiful In appearance; but above aiul more creditable than all It w-as economically and honestly constructed, and its history bears no blot or taint of dishonor. A new tax law was enacted designed to equalize the burdens of taxation. The history of its enforcement and the opposition It provoked from the republican party and the corporations united is Its sufficient commendation to you and proof of its Justice and efficiency. The dem.K-ratic party enacted the Australian ballot law. I wish I hud time to extend the list, hut it is not necessary. Indiana is in the front rank of the sisterhood of states, and her Institutions and her laws give interpretation 1 and meaning to the words of the poet when ho said that Peace hath her victories No less renowned than those of war. The Democratic Party and the Cause of JLiibor. If you will take the statutes of our state and canvass them as I have done you will find that every law In existence today upon the subject of labor was enacted by democratic legislatures. Our state platform gives a brief summary of some of these laws and our democratic newspapers have often referred to them, but I shall take the liberty to enlarge somewhat upon this record by calling attention more In detail to those already named and by adding still others to the list. It will make one of the most Interesting chapters in the hlstorj of Indiana and should endear the democratic party to all the households of the sons of toll. The record begins back at the date of the adoption of the present constitution, of which I have aready spoken. That instrument declares that “the privilege of the debtor to enjoy the necessary comforts of life shall be recognized by wholesome laws exempting a reasonable amount of property from seizure or sale for any liability contracted. The amount exempted under the constitution has been fixed variously, but the democratic legislature in 1878 fixed that amount at $tiU0. Thus it has been made possible for a man when overtaken by adverse circumstances to have and to keep a home. The democratic party enacted a law giving to mechanics and material men a lien for wages and materials supplied in the construction of certain works. It has made wages for labor within certain limits a preferred claim against decedents’ estates and also against failing debtors. It made the stockholders and members of manufacturing and mining companies Individually liable for labor performed or services rendered for such corpora-

tions.

It required contractors constructing public works to give bonds for the pay-

wages, material and even

,, i ment of wages, material and even for tide the school houses, .he work went poard furnished such contractors, on here and there according to the sent!- ^ it has required corporations, comment in the several townships in tho panic?, 'tsvc-lstlons. etc, engaged In state by a kind of local option system, mining or manufacturing in this state

Houses were built as the roads were worked, by warning out the hands. There was no such thing as a state tuition tax. In 1849 the question e" to whether a tuition tax should be levied I was submitted to the direct vote of the people, but while the proposition was j adopted It was still accompanied with

to pay their employes once every two weeks In lawful money and prevented the so-called "pluck me stores,” by which employes were often required to pay greater sums for the necessaries of life than If left free to purchase the same with money paid for their labor. It has enacted humane and wise pro-

IfPi ^ visions for Inspection of mines and for the "local option idea. In o’ther words! ! the protection of the health and lives of

It was left to the several counties to en- I tho miners.

force the law. It was not until after the ! It has enacted laws designed to mitlconstltutlonal convention of 1851 that ! Kate the evils growing out of the comany thorough, general and adequate ] petition of convict labor, system of common schools was adopted j It forbade the Importation of Contract

for Indiana. The first tuition tax was labor.

enacted on March 9. 1852. but was made | It made eight hours a legal day’s work applicable for that year only. The re- | al1 classes of mechanics, workingvised statutes Cf 1S51 , uuiai.ied a sec- | "-ten and laborers except those engage,!

In agriculture or domestic labor, but permitted overwork for additional hours for

additional pay.

tlon that there should be annually levied a tuition tax. It was 'also provided that fines and forfeitures, and receipts from I other various sources, Including those j from the sale of schoo’ lauds, should be paid Into a fund which should never j be diminished, and that this should con- i stltute the permanent school fund of the ; state. From this time the school system ' of Indiana began to grow and become j efficient. So great has been its develop- , ment that It stands to-day the subject of j pride and ‘he *«tirro of congratulation

both at home and abrpad.

The democratic party has In times past been charged with opposition to educa-

i h* ve already said,Jefferson, was the i lion, and It 1ms been mieeiingly s*ld timi

we were unable lu reau. it is therefore

■■ — cf the tnr eetaWlshlnp . I ms freedom In Virginia. The sixith section of the bill of rights of the

rRltutlon of Virginia declares:

That religion, or the duty which we r > to our Creator, and the manner of Ufcc’iargtng it, can lie directed only by rea; in and conviction, not by force or violence; and, therefore, all men are qu > ly entitled, to the free exercise of reItrl i, accord ink to the dictates of conce; and that It Is the mutual duty of nil i practice Uhristlan forbearance, love

Parity toward each other.”

Thes atute olj Virginia, to which 1 have referr ■ fier a long preamble, which I

trill "nit, reads as follows:

“He It th riffore enacted by the general asr mb'.y, That no man shall be comp died to frequent or support any rcllg-

It made it unlawful to attempt to prevent e discharged employe from obtain-

ing employment with another.

It recognized the right of laboring men to organize for the purpose of peaceably

advancing the Interests of labor.

It made it unlawful for any Individual or corporation, by coercion or threats, to prevwyt a laborer from Join-

ing such organizations.

it maue It inq>o*&„ol4t for any corpora-

tion or association j n

a private army or use armed detectives for the purpose of supplanting the regularly constituted nuthnrl'tles of fir* State and flk'nir the lew Into thetr owe

with autt.c uu»i i can your alien-| • .

duty of the general assembly to en- b> giving him an Pportunlty to cast his courage by all suitable means, moral, In- ballot free fiom the superv ision or donitellectual, scientific and agricultural Im- inatlon of any o'ther human being, provement, and to provide by lay for a H has prov.ded for night schools In all general and uniform system of common cities of over J.bv) Inhahltunts for all schools wherein tuition should be with- i persons between the ages »/ fourteen out charge and equally open to all.” i U,1< 1 thirty, who are engaged In labor

And th. , this constitution and the code I during the day.

of laws adopted under It In 1852. which I It has provided for schools for Instnicwhs, as I have said, the foundation of I tlon In manual training In cities of over

our common school system, was devised and proposed by a constitutional convention which was largely democratic and which was presided over by George W. Carr, a Jackson county democrat, and had for its principal secretary the Hon. William H. English, whose democ-

jous worship, place or ministry whatso- I racy Is known all over the union, and aver, nor siuill t'o enforced, restrained. ; nhu i the government of the slate of In-

loo,000 Inhabitants.

It has not confined its attention to the enactment of laws solely for the benefit of laboring men. It has also had a care for the women and children. Formerly a wife was the property of the husband tn law. and therefore her earnings belonged to him, he alone could sue for and collect her wages, but the

democratic party has so far emancipated woman as to declare that she may perform any labor or service on her sole and aei<erate account, and her earnings now belong to her. ’ It has also enacted a law requiring every person or corporation employing women or girls In any manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment In this state to provide suitable seats for the use of these females and to permit them to use those seats when not engaged in th^ work for which they are employed. It has made It unlawful for any person, firm or corporation engaged in the manufacture of iron, steel, nails, metals, machinery or tobacco to employ or keep at work any child under fourteen years of age, or for any persons or corporations engaged lu manufacturing in this state, and which miry be permitted to employ child labor, to employ such child more than eight hours per day. The legislature of Indiana declared the first Monday in September—the day we celebrate—a legal holiday, and the FHftythird congress, among other important measures enacted by that body, and following the action of Indiana and several other of the more advanced states of the union, enacted a law which received tlia signature and approval of the democratic president, a copy of which I hold In my hand, making laibor day a holiday in every state and territory In the union. This law declares that the Hist Monday in September in each year, being the day celebrated and known as laborers’ holiday, is hereby made a legal public holiday "to all intents and purposes In the same maimer as Christmas. The 1st day of January, the 22d day of February, the 30th day of May, and the 4th day of July are now made public holidays. Thus, I am enabled to congratulate you upon the fact that beginning with the labors and declaratlsns and aspirations and hopes of Thomas Jefferson for the recognition of the tights of the common people, we have at last, under the democratic administration of Grover Cleveland. been enabled to celebrate in national holiday the triumph of the cause of labor and Us progress toward that high plane of equality and Independence to which, under democratic institutions, In tho providence of God, you are steadily moving. Do you, my fellow-citizens, fully appreciate all the advantages which you have obtained and realized, the long stride which you have made? Have you stopped to measure or to survey the distance traveled and the hlghts attained? A hundred years ago there was no such equalitv as you eyjoy. There were no such blessings us are now vouchsafed to you, both by the constitution and laws. It may be interesting to recall the fact that before the days of Thomas Jefferson there were in common use In our langauge, with which to designate laborers, such words as "boor," "hind,” "villain,” “thrall,’’

"serf."

The word “boor” was the ancient Saxon for a ploughman. The word “hind” was the old English for a domestic. The word "villain” was from Latin origin, and originally meant a farmer who would correspond to our word , “tenant;” but so low were they held In the estimation of the so-called gentry that the word itself came to signify almost everything that was base or mean. The word "thrall’ was the ancient Saxon for the day laborer, who was little better than a slave. “Gurth,” you know, in the story of “Ivanhoe," was the b.*rn thrall of “Cedric.” The word “serf” was used to distinguish the usual farm hand, Who in those days was little better than a slave and like the “villain” under the feudal system was attached to the soli and passed with tho deed to the realty. I congratulate you that these conditions have ]>ussed away and that, instead of terms of contempt or reproach, you have been recognized as entitled to the highest consideration and given a place and day of honor. It Is worth while In this connection to note that your public holiday is associated In law and named In connection with sacred things. Christmaa. the birthday of the Carpenter's Son, the first and greatest friend of labor on earth, and the Fourth of July, the birthday of liberty—these and labor’s holiday are made equal by law. It is a just recognition otf the cause and a Just cause for rejoicing. In all of the struggles which have led up to this, and during all of these years which have come and gone, I challenge your attention to the fact, and ask that It may not be forgotten, that the party of Jefferson, the party of Jackson, and the party of Cleveland has been to you and to yours a constant and faithful friend. Democratic Nnllonal Legislation I am aware of the fact that our opponent claim that they, too, are the friends of labor. If they have done anything to advance the cause) of labor In tho state of Indiana let them show’ It. Let them enumerate the laws paused by republican legislatures for the boneftt of labor. Let them point to the Institutions which they have established and fostered for the cause of humanity. Otherwise they have no right to claim thag th« administration of the affairs of the state of Indiana shall be turned over Into their hands. I have khown you how through the In fluence of Thomas Jefferson, by the deed of session from the state of Virginia, signed by him and other democrats, we obtained for the general government the northwestern territory which has furnished homes for millions of people and Is today the very center of civilization and power In the great republic. tWtdie be wns prexbienr by the Louisiana purchase, we obtained the vast valley of the Mississippi, and so I might extend this record showing that by and through the Influence of democratic measures and democratic men our national domain was extended from ocean to ocean. Republican congresses from time to time and altogether gave away to it Mroad coropratlons an area in extent almost equal to the five state* I have

named,

I know that the republican party claims that It is the friend of labor and of the laboring man because It Insists upon high protective duties under th» pretence of keeping up wages, but the history of the operation of protective duties Show* that the Ineretsed price of mnnu facturee occasioned thereby has gone Into the poekots of the manufacturer* and the laborer has been unable to gain his share of the profits. For the first time since the war the democratic party has been charged with the administration of the federal government In all of Us branches. Congress has been In session more than a year. To undo the work and eradicate the evils of the legislation of a lifetime was found ?■> he much more difficult work than was at dial expected. We found upon the statute books law that seriously Impaired our credit, that added to the uncertainty of our future financial policy, disturbed the community and prolonged the period of financial depression. This was th- so-called Sherman law. V«'e repealed the Sherman law. IVe repealed the federal election laws. Political machinery in the hands of power, they were a constant and unnec essary source of annoyance, expense and corruption; they were Instruments of usurpation, >ulmecvieat of lioerty, iney arc gone. We repealed the McKinley law. This was a law which might tmthfuli* have been entltied. A law to prevent the. collection of revenue and to Increase the profits of manufacturers.” The bounty system went down with that law. We enacted the Income tax law. A law to tax that which one has. rather than what, he needs, what ho accumulaics rather than what he consumes; a law to tax those most who claim and receive most benefit and protection from government; a. law’ to equalize burdens. We Incorporated In the new tariff law a new and more effective anti-trust law which prohibits combinations between Importers to increase the price of imported goods, and which provides for the forfeiture of any goods so imported and other penalties. We passed an act for the admission of the territory of Utah Into the sisterhood of states. We passed a law making pensions a vested right and authorizing fourth-

class postmasters to administer oaths to pensioners for their convenience. We passed a law authorizing the states and territories to tax the circulating notes of the government, a law which released for taxation more than live hundred millions of dollars and puts a man whose earnings are In property on an equality with the man of money. We Increased the tax on distilled spirits from 90 cents to $1.10 per gallon. We levied a stamp duty of 2 cents per package on playing cards, from which alone the estimated receipts will be $1,000.000 per annum. In addition to this and all these the house of representatives as been faithful, energetic, persistent and true to the Interests of the people. It did its duty as far as it was able. It initiated many laws which are now pending in the sen-

ate.

I will mention some of the more important of these. We passed a law to prevent gambling in futures and options; a voluntary bankruptcy bill; a joint resolution to elect the senators by the direct vote of the people; the MeCrea bill, forfeiting unearned lands granted to railroads, aggregating 54.323,996 acres. We passed separate bills rendering free of duty sugar, coal, iron ore and barbed wire. We passed bills to admit New Mexico and Arizona into statehood. And we passed a joint resolution proposing an amendment t<> the constitution securing to the people the right to have a direct vote In the election of United States senators. The Tariff Law. The tariff law passed was not in all respects satisfactory. I do not contend and will not claim that It is a perfect measure. Neither does It answer the expectations of the people, nor In all respects perform the pledges of the party. So far us I am concerned It Is well known to you that up to the last hour I Insisted upon a better bill. But after the democratic caucus decided that It would not at that time be able to succeed with a more radical measure I felt rbliged to and did vote for the bill. I do not doubt that the people fully understand the circumstances under which the representatives were at certain points repulsed, and It Is not my purpose at this time to enter into any discussion of the means or methods by which we were thwarted. The question now is whether the representatives of the people have made an honest effort to redeem their pledges; whether they have accomplished a sufficient measure of reform to justify a continuance on the part of the people of their confidence and whether what they have accomplished is not a long advance in the direction of honest tariff reform. This, then, presents an issue between the McKinley law and the new law, and us between them I have no doubt the people will cheerfully and gladly accept the latter. While It Is not up to the measure of our hopes we will occupy the ground we have taken and In orderly fashion at the proper time we will take more and higher ground, and so we will keep on until the last stronghold of protection has been stormed and taken. The following from the senate report presents a summary of the mot* important articles ui>on which reduNions are made: On* hundred uni^ six articles were transferred to the free list, amen* which are: Paints, colors. etc., in part; potash, caustic, refined; burr stones, manufactured; rotton ties of iron or steel, copper—ore, and manufactures of; timber and lumber, salt, binding twine, burlaps, bags bir grain made of burlap*, bagging of eotlon, wool, unmanufactured; wool, top*, slubbing and other wastes, wool, rags, mu ago and flocks; wool, noils. Articles reduced between 75 and 100 per rent.; Bar Iron and *inba. blooms or loops, spikes of wrought Iron or steel, woolen cloths, woolen shawls, common pip a of clay. One hundred and fourteen article* reduced between 50 and 75 per cent., among whldh tire the following: Whiting, ground In oil (putty): soap, bicarbonate of soda, chains, penknives. carving or cooking knives, files, plirtols, shotguns, lead In ore. In pigs and bats, lead pipes, slieeta, shot etc.; zinc tn sheers; cotton cloth, cables, cordage, etc.; blankets, hats of wool, flannels for underwear; dress good*, carpets. Three hundred and seventy articles reduced betwen 25 and 50 per cent., among which are the following: Rpir.t varnishes, sulphur, brick, botules, window glass, cylinder and crown glass, polished, unsilvered; plate glass, spectacles and eyeglasses, freestone, sandstone, granite, etc., Iron ore, scrap Iron, pig Iron, bar Iron, rolled or hammered; steel rails, tin plate wire, anchors, anvils, hammers and sledves. etc., bolts, castiron vessels, hollow ware, razors, mills, needles, screws, leaf tobacco for cigar wrappers: horses, shirts and drawers, stockings, olkAoths, collars and cuffs, clothing, ready-made; wood pulp, printing paper, posrl buttons, corks, bituminous coal and shale, cok«, matches, hats of fur, ladies’ and children's gloves, men's gloves, slate pencils. Two hundred and thlrly-clght artlcl»s induced under 25 per cent. The rate* are Increased on fifty-three articles, such as sawed boards of mahogany. hogs, olives, dressed meats, precious stones, etc. Free MHoi, I think that the most important and altogether the most benflclal feature In the bill Is the fact that wool Is put upon the free list. I do not believe that It will In the least reduce the price of domestic wool, but It will reduce the price of foreign wool; so that the mills using both domestic and foreign wools can reduce the price of their product. This bill went Into operation last Monday night at midnight. I clipped from the market reports oi a inetro|M>iuan paper ut iuesday morning the following: "Wool—The following prices are for wagon lots: Medium, unwashed l?**’® 13o; fine merino, unwashed, 10tfl2o coarse or braid wool, ll(Ud3c; tub-washed 20@23c.” These prices, low as they are, have been reached under a tariff on wool They have constantly declined under protection and I do not believe that thev will go lower. On the contrary. I confidently predict that the price of wool will be better owing to the fact that manufacturers can obtain the foreign wool duty free, and thus their market will be widened by the reduced cost of that portion of riw material, and then- will be a greater demand for the domestic wool and they w ill be able to pay better prices for it and will divide with the wool-grower of the country and the consumer of the woolen goods the benefit derived from the reduction of their price for wools which they obtain from abroad But even if the price of wool does not Increase, the farmer who rai.su, wool will obtain the h' liifii of the reduced cost of hU clothing and every laborer will be enabled to furnish for himself and family clean, comfortable and health-sus-taining woolen cloths, Instead of the miserable shoddy made of ground rags, unfit for human use. which he is obliged now to use as a substitute. Of thl* latter proposition there 1* no doubt, for I hold the proof in my ha mi which shows the great redueUmi In the price of woolen cloth and of the clothing made out of the wool which will take

their feilow c ountrymen because of the depravity of their political character and from a lack ■ or any Just ground upon which to basd heir political claims or as-

pirations.

The McKinley bill went Into operation In October, 1899. As I have said It was a bill to prevent the collection of revenue and to enable manufacturing Interests to increase their profits. The best evidence of this fact Is shown In the result. Taking the last five years, remembering that the fiscal year closes on the 30th of June each year, there were collected fur customs duties the following sums:

In 1890 (which was the last year of operation of the

law of 1883) *229.668,584 57 In 1891 •. 219.522,205 23 In 1S92 j 177 452.964 15 In 1893 203.335,016 03 In 1894 132.294,212 43 We have h re presented one year under the law of 1883 ind four years of the operation of Ute M Klnley law, showing that there was in th u period a decrease in Lite custom house revenues of nearly a hun-

dred million of dollars.

This gradual reduction In the revenues had a marked effect upon the credit of the United States and upon the condition of the treasury. In March, 1889, when Mr. Harrison came into the presidency, Mr. Cleveland’s secretary of the treasury turned over *183,827.190.27; whereas In Barch, 1893. when Mr. Harrison retired, his secretary of the treasury could report

in a hazardous experiment. I have heard It said that young ladies insits upon marrying wild and reckless young men In order to reform them. I have always d 'Ub’.ed the wisdom of this kind of matrl* . an | i do not baliave in a political u m with these various nationalities for similar purpoan. But there waa ani f and more controlling Influence at \. rk, and that was a subject which hag •Rely given us si much trouble In our “wn deliberations, viz.: the subject of sugar. This correspondence shows that so long as the: * was a duty upon sugar ini their sug.tr was admitted free by virtue of our reciprocity treaties there w is no anxiety or desire for annexation, but as soon as the McKinley bill became a matter fur discussion and It was proP "“’J to put raw sugar on the free list and to give American citizens a bounty, then tne agitation f ir annexation commenced, with Mr. Stevens at the head, ind It became eneregtle and even violent. If you will take this correspondence, as 1 have done, and read It carefully, you will see that the purpose of Mr. Stevens was n it to protect the United States, not to care for its dignity and honor, but to cvre f ir the Interest of the sugar planters of Hawaii, When the bill was pending to put sugar on tho free list In the r ifiyflrst congress, he writes to the state department that It will destroy th■■ sugar Industries In those Islands. I will give you the very language of his wall. On page 1 of executive document No. 48, he says: ‘The production of sugar is the prlncl-

but $121,299,524.00. showing a loss in the ! 11,1 business of these Islands as th* figtreasury balance of $62,527,666.27, and even 1 " r, ' s "7 the nearly *14.0<i9,0i>0 of exports this statement must he further modified ■ 10 the United Wtates In 1889 plainly show, because during the administration of Mr. : hhig.tr is the chief source of the financial Foster os secretary of the treaeury the ] fife--is the banking capital—on which the funds for the redemption of national bank ; present and future prosperity of this notes, which amounted to $68,671.- <“Untry depends. To destroy this pro-

U39.25, were transferred to the credit of the governmenf. Of these bank note redemption funds only $46,398,978.09 w is actually paid out, leaving an apparent balance of *121.299,524, but from which should be subtraeteo the balance of this bank fund, viz., $22,279,061.16, whli* would leave lu reality la balance of *99,020,462.84 as against the $100,000,000 which the law requires to be held in reserve to redeem outstanding treasury notes. In other words the treasurj sustained a loss during Mr. Harrison’s administration of

*84.000,000.

We have been much criticised because we were obliged to sell bonds to defray the expense of running the government. It Is known to eve.y one conversant with public affairs tliat during the last days of the administration of President Harrison the secretary of the treasury was negotiating the *al* of bonds, and that he had actual!\ prepared plates from which they should be printed. As I said to you before, or to some of you hero, on a former oocazlbn, I visited the bureau of printing and ehgravlng and saw the proofs from tlhe plates for the bonds which Mr. Foster had ordered to be

printed.

Dciuoc rat I • Economy.

This, then, w country at the

as the condition of the tlmi- the administration

of affairs was i.urned over to President Cleveland. The treasury was bankrupt, and among Its assi ts were the plates which had been prepared from which to print bonds to borrow money with which to carry on the administration of the government. Ir order to meet this condition of aftalis the democratic party Immediately bet an to Inaugurate a sys-

$28,835,989.70 less ceding year, am i

place under the new law.

(Here Mr. Cooper exhibited some sun- n.uions and as 'he tariff and . . an act fl under the new Jaw, showing what great From this con reductions would be mad*). i «*" that Mr St So you will see tb*' cr. of tn>’ most, i influenced by Immediate aJid direct effects of the bill ti,,ns. First, he

wMcb be* been passed will be to reduce I finenced by a missionary spirit. He shows the cost of living o» th* laboring rmin. I this in bl« own edrrespondenc* to the stwt*

tern of reform. They • l useless offices, they cut down the appropriations in the various departments of the government and i educed expenses where ever it could be done without seriously Injuring the administration of affairs. The appropriations for this year are

than those of the preIt must be remembered

that out of the appropriations made this year $65,723,441.! 2 was required by laws passed during tne Fifty-first congress. In other words, to that extent we have simply made appropriations In payment of the mortgage ss put upon tho country by the Reed cc tigress. If. then, th;* sum were to be added to the amount of reduction made »y this congress over the last, the amount of the actu tl red u tlon would lie In the neighborhood of $90,000,000. Knowing, la we do, that every dollar expended b ( the government must come from the proceeds of labor, the democratic part f believes that it Is the duty of Its ser vants to administer the trusts confided to them not only faithfully ami Intelll jently, but coonom: illy. In this respect, too, it can be truthfullysaid that we have kept the faith and done all that cc uld have been expected. To meet this sh jwing on the part of the democratic lai-rt; ■, and If p isslble to save therrwselves fron the effect of the com parlson of their records with ours on the subject of expenditures, the leaders of the republican r arty, In summing up the various appropriation bills, have concluded that the! r only safety 1.* in raising a little dusi behind which they can retire, and they tiave onsequently manufactured the cht rge that this great saving was made oy the reduction of the appropriation for pensions In answer to this I wish to lay that the democratic party has mad< i the largest appropriations for pensions during the terms when it has had supr smaoy ever made in the history of the n ttlon The appropriation for pensions In the bill Just passed wan *151.581,570. Th< appropriation for pensions under the first session of the Reed congress was $1 !3,779.368.35, so that c m paring the app roprl itions for pensions between the firs t sessions of th* Fiftythird oongrvss ind the first session of the Fifty-first congress it appears the we appropriat 'd $2M“9.O0O mor* for p*’i- *!•'•** ;h9tt "’««* a nnrnnrt* ted by the > >rrespondtng Reed congres- and the aggregate npproprlatl 9ns of thl* emigres* for all purposes w. is $3,787,879.11 less than that of the first session of that congress. Is It not perfectly Oar. therefore, that If we ai'propffO d *28.000.000 m .r- for pensions and fflJWO.OOO less In the .if.gr - ~ a • „ fha t we niust have made a clear saving of at leaJi *JS,000,000 without taking It fr m pefBlnn appropriation.

i Jiit liaxrnil.

|

"ieveland entered upon duties he found that ubmitted to the sen•f that body a treaty ion Islands wera to Jnlted States. This unfinished work of

the list a dmine- 1 V. before the scheme was consummated, President Cleveland learned something of its nature and character and withdrew the treaty before it Ua,* been ratified. I hold In my hand the full test of that treaty and the correspondence between oiir representative (Mr'.' Stevens) and the state department in relation to it. I do not hesitate to say that these documents conclusively prove hhat the steps taken by our representative and the action proposed by our govorninjent in connection therewith were wnoiy dscreciitaDle to him, and that If cJnaummation had taken place Impartial historians would have been compelled to charaoterlz* th.' whole transaction as a departure from the laws of

t violation of good faith

’ dishonor.

sspondniice It is easy to Jvens wa.- a ■ i;in i; ; a:*

Imp..i ant . - i

Seemed to have been in-

When Pro the dlschai " his predecess ate for ratlfi

by whtoh tl * be annexed t. was a part of

(lu live industry and chief source of wealth is to spread ruin and disaster throughout the Islands." More than once—more than ten times— he writes to his government to save the sugar planters of those Islands from

ruin.

In one letter he says th o ' unless some txisltlve measure of relief U granted the depreciation of the sugar i ’ perty here will continue to go on.” Further on he suggests o.ct It would be wise to extend the bount-. f> the producers of sugar tn those Is.an Is, as w* have done to those tn Louisiana. In one communication he incloses a statement made by the Court Cabinet which contains the following: “2. At the last session <if the United State* congress there was developed a strong movement looking to the reduction of sugar duties and the payment of bounties upon sugar of American production. “The effect of this would be to discriminate against Hawaiian sugars in favor of American, and materially reduce to us the value of the existing treaty without corresponding benefit. “We believe it to be the duty of the Hawaiian government to endeavor to secure the placing of our products uixm the same basis ns American pr.,ducts in respect of bounties and prtvilei s." It Is true, he says in one of his letters, that the bounty may not be as large as that given to the Louisiana planters, but nevertheless the benefits to the sugar planters In saying them from financial ruin and th. yment to th.-in .o’ t unties, If necessary, are the principal subjects of his correspondence, miking it quite evident*fhat he represented the interests of the sugar raiser and capitalists there more than he did the Interests of the people of the United States. ' Let us look for a little at the terms of this proposed treaty. Our republican papers and politicians have endeavored to make sport of the democratic administration on the ground that they appeared to be friendly to the reigning sovereign of those Islands, whom they have contemptuously denominated as “our nigger queen.” I hold in my hand this treaty which by President Harrison was submitted to congress for confinfiatlon. It Is provided by article 6 that "the United States government should pay to Queen LIUoukalani within one year from the date of the exchinge of the ratification of this treaty the sum of $20,000, and annually thereafter the like sum of $20,000 during the term of her natural life. It further agrees to pay P. the Princess Kalulanl and within one year from the same time the gross sum of $150,000. It further agrees 3o assume the public debt of the Hawaiian Islands, including ihe amount due to the depositors In the Hawaiian postal savings bank, all of which was reckoned to not exceed $3,500,000.” In view of these provisions it seems hardly fair for the authors of this treaty to charge that President Cleveland or his administration has shown undue partiality or favoritism towards this so-called “negro queen” or her Interests. I suggest that since we have had the pleasure to see the Hawaiian people organize a government of their own and assume a separate and Independent sta- t tlon among the nations of the earth, and since the administration of President Cleveland has extended to her the hand of friendly welcome among th • sisterhood of republics, that these results are far more honorable to us and creditable to our country than the consummation of the bargain and dishonorable schemes attempted to be ratified under the former administration. So, therefore, my fellow citizens, It seems to me that we ar* entitled to claim for the first year of <Jemo( ."iti • supremacy that we have commenced the work of reform so long delayed, that we have prosecuted It In a vigorous, earnest, Intelligent and successful manner, and that we have removed many of the burdens of the people, that we have started our country again upon the high road to prosperity, and that we have maintained a pure and economical and faithful admlnlstratlon cf public affairs and upheld the dignity and honor and glory of uu. country both at home and abroad. The Untile tine* On. It should be matter for congratulation that the democratic party is not yet satisfied even with this good record. It shows no disposition to rest on Its laurels, no inclination to re'.ix 1'.:. efforts. It has gained strength In . . !i so esslve en ■ lunter, and like a s at worn veteran li answers every call and goes wherever duty points. The future 1* bright with hope, and It seems impo* Ibio that we should fall. We now know the real enemy and where to find It. Formerly we heard much about the wages of labor which the protectionists must be commissioned to maintain, tbout infant industries which they desired to foster and support, and about home markets which they promised to provide. Today all tha world knows that the fight 1* b'tween the people and the trus s. All tho world must know what the result will be. A few m*n, by throwing themselves across the track, may delay the car of progress; they cannot stop It. There have been dark days, days of walling and of waning hopes, but the dawn Is h-te. Above what seemed to be the darkness of defeat hovering over the people's cause ther-' wer* . ind still are, Ihose who saw and can exclaim— “Yet fieedom, yet thy banner torn but flylngStreams like the thunder storm against the wind. ”

iillril Time*.. Our republican friends have been delighted beyond measure because at the time and since President Cleveland and the democratic administration have come Into power the financial and commercial i

conditions of the country were In a state of depression. They have supposed that this would be of Immense value to them politically, and they have not ceased to comment upon It nor to point to it as an

evidence of the incapacity of the demo--1 equality! * Out

cratic party to manage the public affairs. There was never anything In politics more unjust; there was nothing that justified it. The accusation Is false, and the men who make it are Insincere. They have not done It from any high or patriotic purpose, and I have sometimes thought that they gloated over the misfortunes of

department wherein he deplores th* decadence of missionary iupremacy and the loss of the contributions heretofore made by the misalonady spirit pf our Christian people. Tliero se'jmed to be an Impression on his pari and ton the part of the mlsB'omirles that In order to convert (his people t i the Christian religion It was

necessary that f7e should take them into a closer bond dt political union. The population of !hese Islands consisted chiefly of races iif people between whom and ourselves there never could be any bond of union pr relation of polltl ll

a Mpulation of 89 990

there was In 1190 34,136 natives, 6,lt>6 half castes, 7,495 Hawaii in born foreigners, 12,360 Japanese. 15.301 Chinese, 8,603 Portuguese, and pthers of various nationalities, but only fo‘27 Americans. It seems to ml that the proposition to tike this heierogln ots population Imo political fvljowsditp aV.ij national union \jvukl

"DEMOCRATIC TIMES ' Laboring men in Wheeling end elsewhere, who have been Idle for many mmths, are welcoming these "democratlo tlrr: ■*” end the prosperity th -v bring with them.—Wh«e<!nsr Register (Jem > Now for business. There Is no longcF a question of a business revival. The country Is on the up grade. If ever there was a time for Investment and enterprise now Is tho time.—Toledo Commercial (rep.) For four months there were no orders for g ' ids, and there consequently was no Incentive for activity with the mills. It would have been, under tho circumstances, a gambling operation to have run the mills In the anticipation of a demand which might never materialize, and, of course, nobody did It. Now, with the sudden and unprecedented demand which has developed during the lust two weeks, the capacity of the mills will be overtaxed. We are running with double shifts night and day, and h ivc even n iw more goods sold ahead than we can maks. —N, Y, Dry Goods Economist (trade).