Greenfield Republican, Greenfield, Hancock County, 5 January 1911 — Page 4
fiREENFIELD REPUBLICAN.
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY.
Entered at the postoffice, Greenfield, Ind, second class matter.
NEWTON R. SPENCER, Editor and Proprietor.
INCONSISTENCY VS. RIGHT.
It is reported that Senator, B. F. Shiveley, of Indiana, will lead in the fight to unseat Senator Lorimer of .Illinois from the United States Senate. Mr. Shiveley is a Democrat and JLorimer is a Republican. The latter is charged with securing his seat in the Senate by unlawful means. The Republicans of the Illinois legislature could not agree upon a candidate for the senate last year, so eight Democrats are said to have been bribed to vote for Lorimer. They did vote for him and some of them admit that they were bribed. We think that senator
Lorimer was elected by bribery, and that he should be unseated, but we think further, that it ill becomes Senator Shiveley to lead in the fight against him, in the face of the charges of John W. Kern that eight ^members of the Indiana legislature were bought to vote against him in the caucus, two years ago, and did vote for Senator Shiveley. Under such circumstances it seems that Senator Shiveley might very appropriately take aback seat in all matters relating to removal of senators charged with fraud in securing election. Senator Albert J. Beveridge has taken a firm stand against whitewashing Lorimer. The fact that they both are Republicans has not kept Senator Beveridge from warning his party senators of the danger of condoning fragrant wrong and corruption in their party members. The people regardless of party should take note of the stand that Senator Beveridge has taken in this matter to purify his party, and contrast it with the action of Senator Bailey, Democrat of Texas who is doing all he can to have Lorimer 'whitewashed.'' The old adage "Birds of a feather flock together," is exemplified in politics oftentimes well as in other lines of business.
The greater part of the people in Indiana who cake any int rest in the contest far the Panama Canal Exposition are favorable to New Orleans rather than San Francisco. New Orleans is more central and it is much nearer to Indiana than San Francisco.
The burden of public expense is due to extravagance and graft. If public officials were all honest, and if they conducted the public business just as economically as they do their private business, there would be little ior complaint by the tax payer.
A
cause
Telephone Manners.
Tf telephone users would cast tht Idea of a machine out of their mindg, Mid use the same courteous and com* mon-sense practices in talking by telephone as th*y observe wtien talking to
fellow-beiQ£ face to face, they would appreciably raise the standard of th« telephone cervice. National Tel* phone Joursaa1
POSITIONS WANTED.
Perhaps you can't secure just the 1cind of employment in this city you desire. A "Position Wanted" ad in this paper and 99 other daily papers in Indiana, Illinois and Ohio will get what jrou want. $2.50 per line each insertion. Austill Advertising Syndicate, Elwood, Indiana, Write for list of papers.
about the excellent quality of our printing. We don't care what the job may be, we are equipped to turn out to your satisfaction. If we can't, we'll tell you so frankly.
Let Us Convince You
Didn't Pay for Milk.
Some of the people living in this county who have been selling milk to representatives of the Dayton Company, which recently failed, lost quite a great deal of money. A person who claimed to be informed says that the company probably received $2,000 worth of milk for which it did not pay. Some of the representatives who gathered the milk, lost money. One of them is said to have lost $60.
Notice.
There will be a meeting of members of Buck Creek Township Horse Thief Detective Co., at Mt. Comfort school house, Saturday, Jan. 7, 1911.
Robert Hurley, President. Franklin Steele, Captain. John Steele, Secretary.
J. A. Wilson left Tuesday for Oregon on a business trip. You can't beat our $1.00 stable blanket, J. M. Havens & Co. 5t2&w
W. W. Eastes, of Owen county, has been spending a few days on his farm in Buckcreek township. His son, Moses, has moved from this county to Owen.
A good plush robe for $3.75. You can't beat them for the money. J. M. Havens & Co. 502&w
James Cleary has returned from an extended visit with friends at Lancaster, Ohio.
Mr. and Mrs. Ed Mannon entertained at a turkey dinner Tuesday, Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Roeback and daughters, Nina and Mae, Mr. and Mrs. John Young, Mrs. Pherigo, Mrs. Margaret Young and Mr. and Mrs. John Bohm and daughter Clara.
It is now time to call at J. M. Havens and leave your order for a good set of handmade harness. 5t2&w
All persons sending communications of any kind to this paper should sign their'name to the same. This is necessary to secure publication. The names will not be published, but it is only fair that the author of anything asked to be published should be known to the publisher. In country correspondents it is necessary so that the communications may be kept and the correspondents given due credit for their ctDirilrlicris. tf
Hereafter ail small want and lost advertisements will have to be accompanied by the cash. Such adver tisements are in such small amounts that it is too expensive to book and collect them. 21t.f
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph N. Addison entertained at New Years dinner at their home 1% miles north of Charlottesville, .Frank Foley and wife, of Indianapolis, Mrs. Lucien Williams, of Piqua, Ohio, Vinton Cook and family, of Wilkinson, Oscar Adkins and family, of Milner's Corner, Roy Lowe and family, Omer Addison and family and Earl Addison, of Charlottesville. One son-in-law, one daughter-in-law and two grendchildren were absent. A fine time was had by all and in the evening 3,11 returned to their homes feeling glad they had been there.
FOUNTAINTOWN.
Mrs. Emma Shirley is visiting relatives here. Mrs. Iva Harrison, of New Palestine, was here the guest of her mother Sunday.
Sam Corkin, wife and children were the guests of*Mort Pope and family Sunday.
Frank Rafferty was here last week. Mrs. Gambrel is at the home of Charles Snider.
Mrs. Harvey Snider visited her brother, Loyd Hayes, at Gwynneville, Wednesday.
Paul James was the guest of his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs, Jerry James, Sunday.
Mrs. Wili Cross, of Hamilton, Ohio, was here last week. HelenJSullivan, of Hamilton, Ohio, visited Mrs. Will Carrigan last week.
Mr. and Mrs. John Schenck entertained ^.relatives from Indianapolis Sunday.
Harlan JShowaiter visited with his brother, Russell,Rat Acton, Sunday. His brother ^received a severe gunshot wound while hunting Saturday,
Rev. Walls filled his regular appointment Sunday. The children and grandchildren of Amos Shank ate dinner with him Sun day.
Dr. Miller reports the arrival of an eleven pound boy at the home of James Borders.
George Vernon and wife, of Indianapolis, visited his mother, Mrs. Mary Martin, Monday.
A good stable blanket at $1,00 at J. M. Havens & Co. 5t2&w MAXWELL.
The|public school began on Monday. The children largely enjoyed the ChristmasJvacation, which began at thejclosejof the splendid exercisesin Miss|Lillian New's room and which a number of the'patrons enjoyed.
Twojladiesl'are conducting revival meetingsJin[Sitton's business room. ABseries[of[revival meetings will begin in theJEden M. E. church Sunday evening, Jan. 8. The pastor will be assisted byJMrs. Retta Wise, of Lapel., who? it is hoped, will have charge of the singing. Everybody invited to attend. Services each evening at 7.
C.
GREENFIELD REPUBLICAN, THURSDAY, JANUARY 5, 1911
Former County Treasurer Two Terms,
and Prominent Citizen Succumbed
To General Breakdown.
William C. Barnard, age 68 years, died at his home on Walnut street, Thursday morning at 10 o'clock, after being in poor health for more than two years. He suffered a severe attack of double pneumonia two years ago and never regained his health fully. He had been in very poor health recently from a general breakdown and his death had been expected for several days.
Mr. Barnard was a well known and prominent citizen. He served two terms as treasurer of Hancock county and owns a farm in Sugar Creek township, his former home.
Mr. Barnard leaves a widow and one daughter, Borgia E. Pennington, wife of Henry Pennington, of this city. Two children are dead, one dying in infancy and another Aubrey B. wife of Elmer J. Binford, who died several years ago. The funeral arrangemenes have not been completed.
SHIRLEY.
Cecil Logan, Ernest Logan, Hershel Ludy and Grandma, of Arcanum, Ohio, and Lester Gilbreath, of New Castle, have been visiting Wm. Morrison's family for the past week. They find that Shirley is a welcome place to come. Mr. Morrison has certainly made their visit very pleasant during their stay.
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Ennis, of Martinsville, Ind., and Mr. and Mrs. Will Frost, of New Castle, spent Sunday with P. Sharkey's. Mr. Sharkey has charge of the Honey Bee road bed in this territory.
Fleming Ratcliff, of New Castle, was in Shirley Monday and Tuesday in attendance at the Farmers' Annual Institute.
Milton Masters, who recently purchased a fine farm near Grant City, was in Shirley one day this week. Say! by the ideas Milt hand out, we believe he will be the making of one of Henry county's leading farmers. Milt has for many years been an oil and gas driller and was nearly always very successful in locating one or the other, but he has decided to retire and live a farmer's ouiet life.
Guy May and larrnly, of Indianapolis, spent a few days with his parents here in Shirley.
Last Monday the fire alarm was turned in and fire located which was Quincy Bates residence in the west part of the city, occupied by the Heifer family and Allen family. Tbe fire was discovered in time to prevent much damage, a9 the lire departmentwas soon on the ground and in a very short time had the fire extinguished. The apparent causr .was a defective flue, This house was supposed to have been struck by lightning some time ago, and several of the brick were knocked out leaving a fire vent.
Notice of Ditch Assessments
STATE OF INDIANA, I County of Hancock, In the Hancock Circuit Court.
In the Matter of the 1 Petition for a Ditch No. 11073 by Jesse K. Scott, et «1. To Jesse E. Sjott and Clara E.Scott, Marv
Wilkinson Polk, Ruth Lewis, Eddie M. Woods. Nancy Roland, Henry ,T. Woods Margaret Woods. W. O.Gourley. Township 1 rustee of Wayne township, Henry county Indiana: *^?UAn2d»eilch«?f
you
ar'' l,(,|vby
8U/SSj£.n^ amounfrhasbeen
STATE OF INDIANA,»
notified
that the benefits assessed to the several tracts of real estate and to the public highway described in the final report of the Drainage Commissioners in the above enticonfirmed by said Court on the 24th day of December, 1010, and were recorded in Miscellaneous Record No. 2 page 105, in the office of the Recorder of Hancock county, Indiana, and ten per cent, of said assessment as shown therein will be due »?^„puyabl,l.at
th,1'
residence of William
McClarnon, the undersigned Drainage Commissioner, which is situate in Henry county, state of Indiana, three miles north and one mile east of Knights town, said county, on the 8th day pf February, 1911. and on the 8tli day of each month thereafter continuing until the whole amount of said assessments has been paid or until a
paid to construct
said ditch. WILLIAM McCLARNON, Superintendent of Construction. Jonas P. Walker,
Attorney for Petitioner. Itl
Notice of Letting Contract.
ea
County of Hancock, fftB: In the Hancock Circuit Court. In the Matter of the
Petition for a Ditch by No. 11073 Jesse E. Scott, et al. Notice, is hereby given that bids will be received at the office of the County Surveyor, Room 1, in the court house, in the city of Greenfield, Indiana, until 2:00 o'clock P. M. Saturday, January 21,1911, for the construction of the ditch established in said cause the work to be done according to the plans, profiles and speciflbations adopted heretofore and now on file in said office copy of specifications sent on request. The right Is reserved to reject any or all bids.
WILLIAM McCLARNON, Superintendent of Construction.
Jonas P. Walker, Attorney for Petitioner. Jt2
FOR SALE OR TRADE.
If you want to Sell or Trade anything, a want ad in this paper and 99 others in Indiana, Illinois and Ohio will find yotir party. It will only cost you $2.50 per line of 6 words, write us for list of papers. Austill Advertising Syndi^e,,Elw^d,
Igdiftna.
IS--
-i
i.
Timely Hint*.
Now, practically every woman can use varnish-paints to brighten dingy pieces of furniture. They are not expensive and they certainly cover many sins. But remember this: You must thoroughly clean such pieces with soap and water to remove dirt and under no circumstances must the wood be painted until it is thoroughly dry. If the woodwork is cracked, melt beeswax and sealing wax together to foom a paste, rub it into the cracks of the wood and smooth with a dull knife then paint over it. This is a cabinet makers' secret, and a good one. Always apply varnishes as lightly as possible and use a good amount of turpentine to thin varnish-paint. Do not put on a second coat until the paint is perfectly dry.
Bleach all white lace curtains and bed linen with javelle water and put blueing in the starch. This makes them as white as when new. If ruffles are used on curtains, remove the ruffles and hem the curtains and, if not too badly worn, edge the curtains with cheap lace.
The floor covering must be considered. If badly soiled, clean the rug with the following preparation: Chip one bar of white laundry soap and melt it in one quart of water. When partially cool "add 10 cents worth of borax and a dime's worth of ether. This forms a jelly. Add a cup of the jelly to a large pail of water, scrub the rug or carpet with the lather, rinse well and rub with clean, dry cloths. Do not add the ether to the mixture until it is ready for use. This undoubtedly brightens dead colors. The same mixture is excellent for scrubbing floors.
To mend linoleum, cut the broken or worn part out, place a piece of linoleum under it and mark it with a pencil. Cut out the patch and glue it and the edges of the larger piece of linoleum to a thin cloth. Fill the cracks with glue and paint over all. This makes a neat patch that is seldom discovered. What color of paint for an old linoleum? Yellow with a brown border, or dark green with a lighter green border. Mark off the border with chalk or a chalked string.
If you can afford to purchase new carpets, then take what old ones can be spared and have rugs and runners made of them. The runners are convenient in the hall, kitchen and bathroom and on the porch. Many can be made handsome enough to place in the best rooms.
A few bright touches can be added to a room by taking out old pictures and replacing them with new scenes.
Make a few new white and colored cushion covers, get rid of all dogeared calendars and worn-out bric-a-brac, brighten portieres with dyes and defy hard times or a close purse to rob you of making home more preEeutable and attractive.
Cooking Beans.
One would naturally expect the dissertation on the cooking of beans to have come from Boston, but it comes instead from Miss M. U. Watson, of Ihe Ontario Agricultural college. After describing her experiments, it is stated that in general, the beans, soaked in -oftened water, absorbed more water than the others and consequently increased more in weight. Three hours' tooking at the simmering point did not soften and disintegrate the cellulose of beans the author considers neither palatable nor digestible.
The harder the water in which beans are cooked for a given length of time, the more unpalatable and indigestible the beans, and more protein lost in cooking..^..
Beans cooked in water softened by boiling have, the author states, a much more appetizing appearance than those cooked in water softened by baking soda. They keep their shape better and only very slightly color yellow. They are also more mealy and would therefore be most digestible, as the saliva could most easily mix with the particles of the bean."
In tests which were undertaken to learn the best methods of cooking strong-smelling vegetables to secure a palatable product and to avoid odors in the house, was found that when the vegetables were cooked by simmering in a close-covered pot less steam was formed than when they were boiled vigorously, and of this little escaped into the room, and consequently there was less odor noticeable than under the other experimental conditions. Vegetables cooked by simmering in a covered pot had also a much better color than the others. The best results were obtained when salt was added before substance was dissolved out when salt water was used, but as the author notes, "we do not depend on cabbage or onions to give us food substance, so the little loss is not much importance."
Raisin Pudding.
Moisten two cups of soft whit® bread crumbs with one-half cup butter. Butter a porcelain pudding dish, sprinkle a layer of the crumbs, then a layer of mixed currants and seeded raisins, sugar, a little grated lemon peel and ground cinnamon. Next place a layer of crumbs and a layer of cooked cranberries. Cover with bread crumbs and spices, and pour over the contents the liquid in which the cranberries were cooked. Cook one-half hour and serve with any desired sauce. It is delicious served with cream dip, flavored with vanilla and nutmeg.
Always heat the salt crackers before bringing them to the table jtrith the 6oup. It makes them more crisp and appetizing.
BROWN'S CHAPEL
Oscar Crider and family, of Green-
field, and John Woods and wife spent Sunday with L. C. Crider and family. John Mitchell, wife and daughter, Hazel were guests of Charles Mitchell and family Sunday.
Thomas Williams, who has been quite sick, is some better, but not able to be out.
Albert and Elbert Martin were guests of Cora and Ethel Bailey Saturday night.
George Woods and daughter, Linnie spent Monday with Matt Newman and wife.
Alva Fry remains about the same. Mrs. McGrady and family spent Sunday with Frank Martin and family, south of Greenfield.
Cannon Harden returned Tuesday after a two weeks visit with relatives at Plainfield and Brownsburg.
Frank Sipes has returned to Purdue University after spending the holidays with bis parents, John Sipe and wife.
Lucien and Lucy Heim were guests of Paul and Amy Sipe Sunday afternoon
Raymond Moore left Monday for Hartford City, where he will sell nursery stock.
Mollie Mitchell called on Thomas Williams and family Monday afternoon.
Alice Crider spent Monday night with John Williams and family, Ethel Gibbs spent Tuesday night with John Briney and family.
Mrs. John, Briney, who has been quite sick for the past three weeks, is some better.
Wm. Crider and wife are on the sick list. Cecil and Lulu Brooks and Uva and Lawrence VanDine, of Willow, were guests of Paul and Amy Sipe Wednesday night.
Sam*fcMannon, of Greenfield, and Joseph Alford called on Alva Fry Sunday afternoon.
Mrs. Henrietta Jeffries, who has been visiting her daughters, Mrs. Elmer Heim, of this place, and Mrs. Warner Wright, of Greenfield, will leave Friday morning for Laporte, Ind.
Mrs. Henry Chandler spent Sunday dayjnight with Alva Fry and family. George Crider and wife, of Indianapolis, were guests of Dora Crider and familyiSunday.
Bernard Dalrymple, of Carthage, MaryfcHudson and Chester Mattix, of Charlottesville, Ada Heim. of Greenfield, and James Chandler were the guests of Noble and Maggie Crider Sunday.
Grover |Titus, of Warrington, and Myrtle and Claude Kirkpatrick were gunsts off Bertha Shelby Sunday at dinner.
Forest Henley and Ray Gurley, of Carthage,^and Pearl Collyer were the guests^of Rose Warrum Sunday afternoon.
AndyJMcKinley, of near Anderson, who has been visiting relatives here for the past week, returned home Saturday. He was accompanied home by hisftaunt, Mrs. Barton Burk and daughter, Mary for a few days visit.
Myrtle Crider, who has been spending the holidays here with her parents, C. A. Crider and wife, returned to Georgetown, Ill.,| Monday, where she|is attending school.
Mrs. Martha Derry is quite sick. Andrew Crider and son, Noble spent the latter part of last week visiting the former's daughter, Mrs. DavidJlBentley and family, in the southern part of the State.
Alston VanDine and family, of Willow, were guests of Grover VanDine and wife Saturday night and Sunday.
J. .L.|&Hinkle was at Indianapolis Tuesday. Agnes Fort, of Greenfield, was the guest of Maggie Crider Tuesday. KJaims O'Banion continues quite sick.
OTTERBEIN.
•H. W. Bobbins spent Saturday night with Edward Parker and wife. ^.Vioia Sanford spent Friday afternoon with Irene Scotten.
John Qriffith and family spent Sunday with J. C, Eastes and wife of Mt. Comfort.
Flossie Jones, of Mt. Vernon spent the latter part of last week with C. W. Parker and wife.
Milton Hall was at Indianapolis Thursday.} Edward Parker and wife and H. W. Robbins took dinner with I. M. Sanford and family Sunday. I Ernest, Viola and Ruby Sanford called on Joshua Roney and wife Wednesday night.
Elbert Griffith was in Greenfield Saturday. Chauncey Scotten of University Heights who has been visiting his mother, Mrs. E. E. Scotten returned home Saturday.
Milton Hall was in Greenfield Wednesday. Harley Griffith spent Saturday and
t*s AyJSB
Sunday with John Avery and wife Indianapolis. Flossie Jones spent Saturday nig with Gladys Scotten.
Emery Pratt and wife entertain several relatives at a New Yea. dinner Sunday.
Carrie Tice of Greenfield spent Sunday with Edna Jeffries. Mr8. C. W. Parker and Flossie Jones were shopping in Indianapolis Friday.
Alice Griffith called on Maggie Griffith Friday afternoon. We are sorry to hear of the death of Mrs. John Buckfink. She was the mother of Mrs. Lunnis Sanford of this place.
Charles and Eva Crump were shopping in GJ eenfield Wednesday. Harley and Alice Griffith Wednesday and Thursday Edward Eastes and family.
spent with
spent
Ruby and Hilda Sanford Thursday with Gladys Scotten. Viola, Ruby and Ernest Sanford spent Friday night.with. Charles and Eva Crump.
Mrs. Joshua Roney spent Saturday afternoon with her mother, Mrs. I. M. Sanford and daughters.
Irene and ^Goldie Scotten spent Tuesday night with J. W. Griffith and family.
Milton Hall and family visited Thomas Ruley and family of Philadelphia Friday afternoon.
Mrs. E. E Scotten and daughter, Gladys, and son, Hovey, and Eva Crump took dinner with Thomas Scotten and family Sunday.
Francis Sanford is on the sick list. Mrs. Campbell Parker and Flossie Jones spent SaturdayAafternoon with Mr8. T. E. Scotten and daughters.
Charles Fink and Maggie Griffith were married by O. F. Lydy, at Gwynneville Sunday.
Sunday school£at 9:30.^Y. P. C. U. at 6 o'clock followed by preaching. Our revival meeting will begin here Friday night and continue all next week. Everyone is cordially invited to attend.
fa
Again We Say
Subscribe for THIS PAPERj
LIST OF ALLOWANCES.
Made by the Board of Commissioners of Hancock County, at a Regular Meeting, January 2, 1911.
Wm Burford, sup co supt office 6 00 Jesse W Cox, boarding prisoners— 80 80 same, in and out fees 750 same, per diem com court 6 00 Walter E Chapdel], oiil assessor 175 00 same, sup for office 00 Jesse W Cox, serv jury 26 10 Greenfield ice and i'uel co, sup co farm-.68 17 A Oonklin, Paine 13 76 A Rottman, jail sup 4 00 Greenfield ice and fuel co sup htg pit 179 09 John Boring-, extra fireman lieat plant 10 00 W Boyd, lireman heat plant 52 00 .1 Johnson, nightwatch 0 4 00
W Kakins, sup court house 2 20 same, janitor 50 CG W A Service, elk fees inq Eliza Wilson....5 00 Adam 11 ogle, p. same 5 00E A Hawk, tiled exam, same 6 00 Lucian Eli, sam 6 00 Win LaOabee, same 6 00 Oak S Morrison, burying old soldier 30 00 John Shelby, sup poor Buck Greek tp 10 00 Obe Collin, same, Blue River tp 6 0(v W Orr, same, Jackson tp 6 00 George Herkles, same 150 A Varner, same 8 63 Jos Allen, same 135C W S Lane, same 11 50 W111 Lara bee, same, Sugar Creek tp....397g, A Geisell, same 9 00 Harry Grisby, same 8 00 Chas Troy, same 6 68Osca Heller, same 12 50
CHAS. H. TROY. Auditor..
ANNUAL BANK STATEMENT
CHAS. BARS, President.
ELBERT L. TYNER, Vice-President. JOHN A. RHUS.Cashier. W. T. LEAMON, W. FLETCHER,
Ass't Cashier. Ass't Cashier. Resort of the condition'of The Greenfield Banking Company, a Statelbank at Greenfield, in thel.Stateof Indiana,pat the close of its business on December 31,*1910:
RESOURCES
Loans and Discounts $286,794 63 Overdrafts 290
24
Other Bonds and Securities 11,319 02 BankingTHou.se 10,500 00 Furniture and Fixtures 2,500 00 Due from Banks and Trust Companies 57,695 33 Cash on|Hand 18,669 57 Cash Items 1,823 10 Taxi's Paid 602 11
..$390,194 00
Total Resources LIABILITIES Capital Stock—paid ill $ 50,000 00 Surplus 12,500 00 Undivided Profits 2,642 00 Exchange, Discounts and Interest 7,985 81 Profit and Loss 85 86 Demand Deposits $278,088 88 Demand Certificates 87,992 45— 816,080 88 Certified Checks] 1,000 00
Total Liabilities $890,1W 00
Stnte of Indiana, County of Hancock, SS: We, Charles Barr.iPiesident, and J.Ward Fletcher, Assistant Cashier, of The Greenfield Banking Company, do solemnly swear that the above statement isjtrue.
CHARLES BARH, President J. WARD FLETCHER, Ass't Cashier
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 5th dayloflJanuary, 1911. V: CHARLES H.COOK,
Notary Public.
My commission expires'April 6th, 1914.
Sale Bills PRI]
If you intend to have a sale get our prices
Sale Bills PRI]
NTED
"We are fixed for tuning I out work of this kind 1 in double-quick time. 1
