Greencastle Herald, Greencastle, Putnam County, 30 December 1920 — Page 4

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THE GREENCASTLE HERALD

Till USD\V DECEMDER 30. 1«)20

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AMEHICAX HOVEV IX BOLT,AXI).

Fnrnfshc* n Heady Market for Wisconsin Products, Wisconsin Is one of the .commonwealths of tha United States whose products are playing a prominent part In the "American Invasion” of Europe, says the Chicago News. It Is Is Wisconsin honey that Is disconcerting certain parts of the old world. And the place where the Badger State bee raisers’ competition Is chiefly felt Is Holland, for many years one of the chief countries in Europe In the production of honey. But Wisconsin honey Is not alone in Us campaign here, for great quantities of honey from California and some other States are sold In the same markets. Butins a matter of fact, Wisconsin and California honey practically carry the banner between

them.

Bee raising has always been a much prized branch of agriculture In Holland, although since 18C0 It has been In a state of decline. In the years between 1860 and 1900 the bee colonies were reduced to about half what they had been before 1860. This decrease has' been found to have been caused by the decrease of colza and buckwheat. But besides this there was a deeper cause The Dutch aplculturists have been content with the old ways of raising bees and the old fashioned hives. These old hives to this day can be seen on nearly all the farms. In the United States, however, the newest methods and Inventions have been employed to make the bee dwellings better and to Increase the honey production. The result Is that Holland Is literally flooded with i American honey. Honey to the value of millions of florins (a florin Is worth 40 cents) is Imported every year. Not only does the real pure honey come In, but the artificial product as well, made fresh from potato meal, of which the bees are entirely innocent. Still it has proved by the remarkably large harvests of several beekeepers Ui Holland that It Is a country admirably fitted for bee fscding and Is, In fart, quite as good as the best American Slates, Wisconsin and California. The large heaths covered with bloom in some of the provineua " are Ideal grounds for producing honey. Now all this is going to i waste, much to the detriment of the ! orchards and grain fields, which also i ruin the busy little fertilizing agents. [ They have to buy at great expense what the soli co;«ld produce with I

case.

Of late years, however, a begin- ! nlng has been made by some largo . beekeeping firms who have imported , the American bee dwellings with 1 movable honeycombs. It has been i found that the Dutchman’s slow and | ancient methods make him no match i for the American. The latter dares risk a dollar to win two, while a ’ Dutchman turns a cent twice over, as , the saying Is, before venturing It. In j Holland bee culture languishes In spite of high prices for honey, while In the United States It flourishes despite low prices. A society has been formed to ad- I vance agriculture (n Holland. This society Is supported hy the government. By organizing lectures and by distributing pamphlets on bee culture It Is doing all In Its power to , further this productive branch of agriculture. > The first work* on bee culture were those of the Brahmins In India. In the Bible bees and honey are mentioned In seveial places—witness the "land flows with milk and honey." | The Greeks had a treatise on bee cul- I ture which has unhappily been lost, j Aristotle was the first htstorl- i Ographer of the bee and previous to the sixty-fifth century A.D. no one has improved on his treatise The Romans practiced bee culture to a high degree and almost every villa hud Its own bee colony with a specially appointed caretaker. Virgil In his "Georgies" sings of the "busy bee.” The Germanic nations also practiced apiculture. The Introduction of Christianity had a great Influence on this as on every other branch of agriculture and horticulture for the monasteries became practical and theoretical schools In these branches The use of wax candles on the altars of the churches was a strong Incentive to Increased wax production. The reformation was rather a blow to the beekeepers, as the use of candles was greatly diminished The Introduction of rtiigar was also of much Influence hi the decrease of the honey trade in Europe Strange to say, California, where the bee was Introduced only In 1S5J, is now the richest bee land In the whole world. llec* i nd Froll Trees. The ow ner of a large pear orchard has demonstrated hy actual experience the value of bees. "For years,” be says. ” my ptar orchard refused to bear fruit In paying quantity, I determined to dig up the pear trees and put apples In their place By chance, before doing so, I put a colony of bees in that orchard, and from that y.-ar my pear trees have borne heavily.”

GROWING THE SUGAR BEET.

Depth of Planting Has Marked Lstlitence on Amount of Sugar Present. It Is Important not only that a sugar beet should bo of a proper size a§d shape, but also that It be grown In such a manner as to secure the protection of the soil for all of its parts except the neck and foliage. The proper position for a beet to occupy In the soil at the end of growth Is shown in the Illustration. This position cn n only be secured for the beet by growing It in a soil sufflcientty pervious to permit of the pene. ration of the taproot to a great depth. It Is for this reason that subaolling in the preparation of a field

THB STKDLFSS ORANGE.

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for the growth of sugar beets ts of ruoh great Importance. If the beet. In Its growth, should meet a practically Impervious subsoil at the depth of 8 or 10 Inches, the taproot will be deflected from Its natural course, lateral roots will be developed, the beet will become disfigured anil distorted In shape, and the upper portion of It will be pushed out of the ground. Exp rlence has shown that the content of sugar In those portions of a beet which are pushed a bo va the soil Is very greatly diminished.

Pruning Berry Hushes. Grape vinos bear upop ehoots of the current season's growth and In order to get strong shoots It is necessary In pruning to shorten the wood to two or three eyes. Gooseberries boar upon the last season's wood and also on spurs from older branches. These should be thinned when too numerous, and shortened If necessary to allow light and air to circulate freely and none ought to be allowed to rest upon the ground. d and white currants bear fruit upon one, two and three-year-old wood, as also upon spurw on older branches. Generally, however, the plants bear most freely upon woojJ of the previous season. In pruning, the shoots should be shortened back to three or four buds and reduced in number when there are too many. Black currants require somewliat different treatment, as the fruit is produced chiefly upon the wood of the previous season and less abundantly upon older spurs. The pruning required Is to shorten back the shoots when necessary and thin out If thiyr sre too numerous. Raspberries fruit upon canes of the previous season's growth. The pruning required Is to remove the old canes as soon as the fruiting season is over and all the young ones, excepting from three t<* six of the strongest which must he left as fruit hearing shoots for the ensuing season.

Tts Introduction Revolutionised the Orange Industry. It has drawn thirteen thousand men from other pursuits and transformed vast areas of rub baked land In California Into orange groves, it has been the prime factor tn the growth of a dozen towns of five and ton thousand persons In Southern California, and has added directly rectly $60,0n0.0on more to the taxable wealth of the State. The first Reedless orange tre^a wore apparently freaks of nature, and their counterparts have never been found. Early In the 70's William Judson, United States Consul to Bahia, Brail, heard an account from natives of a few trees In the swamps on the bank of the Amazon, some sixty miles away. He sent a native up the river to get some of the fruit and to bring him some of the shoots of the tree. When the native returned the Consul was delighted with the specimens and sent six of the shoots, carefully packed In moss and clay, to the Department of Agriculture, at Washington. Tho trees did not excite much Interest In the department. Two, which were planted In the department grounds, died for lack of care, and the others were forget ten for months. Four cuttings were planted again In December of 1873 In Southern California. One of the shoots died from neglect; one was broken and chewed by a cow. Five years passed and the two remaining shoots came Into bearing. These sixteen seedless oranges were the first ever grown In the United States. The speelmens were carried about Southern California and shown to ranchmen and fruit growers. The second crop was awaited with great curiosity, for It was feared that in a few years the fruit would become hard and tough. There were about a box of oranges In the second yield and they were even better than the first crop. The planting of groves of seedless oranges propagated from the buds fr the two original trees began In earnest In 1882. The following year the demand for buds from the Tlbbett trees was so large that a dozen buds sold frequently for Sa and some growers paid even as high as one dollar apiece for them. In 1889 the two Tibbett trees furnished buds which sold for $15,000 nnd a tall t^nco was built arouad them to keep people from stealing the buds. A year or two later the orange trees which had been propagated from fh* Tibbett trees began to bear nnd they themselves furnished tens of thousands of navel buds as good as from the original trees. Then the first navel orange trees began to bear fruit, and from that time the boom In navel oranges was assured.

ROME CHEESE MAKING.

Require Small Expenditure of Time and Few Utensils. Use milk three or four hours old that has been held at about seventy degrees and w hich has not as yet begun to sour, says Field and Farm. Heat to elghty-slx degrees and add commercial rennet at tho rate of three ounces to 1,000 pounds of milk. Allow to coagulate for thirty or forty minutes, break the curd with a spoon or three-cornered stick until the particles are the size of the small finger. Heat slowly to about 100 degrees, stirring almost constantly In the meanwhile and allow It to stand at 100 degrees until the curd becomes firm. A few experiments along this line will show how firm the curd needs to be. Roughly It may he said that It will require about 2^ pounds of salt to 1,000 pounds of milk. Put the curd in a mould, square or round as desired, and apply considerable pressure. The amount of pressure required Is rather Indefinite, but should not be less than 100 pounds to each cheese. The utensils required are a thermometer, a tin boiler for heating and a measure for measuring the rennet extract.

NOTES ON THE RASP3ERRY

The Jerusalem Artlcfioke. In b deep, favorable loam, well prepared, will produce at the rate of 300 to 600 bushels to the acre. Two or three tubers, If small, are planted In a hill. The hills are 3 feet aptirt each way. Cultivation Is necessary If good results are desired, but the plant will produce without any care

Dutch Doors at Home. For many years Dutch doors have been used In stuliles, and the wonder grows that they have not been adopt cd by architects for residences. A Dutch door Is made In two parts, an upper and lower section being so ar ranged that either may be opened separately or both together. When the lower half is locked and the upper is opened you have a plenty of door and above It a large window. You have ample light and ventilation, with restraint (or children, dogs and ramps.

Variety In the Orelinrd.

Growers really have very little positive knowledge concerning the InteiTiolUnation of fruits, but most people have learned by observation that the most productive and satisfactory orchards are those of mixed varletl“s, says Field and Farm. No Subject connected with our modern horticultural operations needs to be understood better than this subject of pollination of fruits. Tho Kelffer and many other varieties of poari •uch as the Bartlett, Howell, Sheldon, etc., have Imperfect blooms and should have such varieties as Le Conte or Garber well mixed throughout the orchard as pollenlzers. We have seen orchards of Kelffer trees which scarcely bore at all until some pollenlzer was Interspersed In the orchard With alternate rows of f,e Conte the Kelffers bear heavily. Old plantations In which there Is no room for new trees may be regulated by topworklng a scion or two of the stamlnute sorts Into each tree and lu this way overcome the olfflculty. IMants fnr Home Decoration. The varloii* ornamental peppers make handsome pot plants suitable for room decoration In winter when properly grown. I'rlnce of Wales, with lemon fruits. Ton) Thumb, with dark scarlet f-ults and Kaleidoscope, white fruits changing to red, are all fine varieties for pot culture and If tho seeds are started In small pots at this time and shifted Into larger ones as they grow, finely developed plants well set with fruits may ha produced by Christmas They will grow In any rich potting compost, and do not mind the hot sun If well watered, but the sun-rays should not strike the sides or rim of the pot. All are

easily grown from seeds.

About Cream Separators. It Is just ns easy to handle the separator right as It Is the plow, or any other implement. Prof. Erf of the Kansas Station lays down these four Important points: 1. Tha speed of the bowl has an Influence on the cream. A change in speed from one separation to another changes the per cent, of fat of the cream. 2. The temperature of the milk affects the cream. If the milk Is warm the cream will be thicker than If It Is cold. 3. The amount separated per hour Is another factor. This Is especially Important. For, If the milk is unevenly fed Into the bowl, the thickness of the cream Is vastly Influenced. 4. The amount of v.atei or skim milk used to flush out the bowl will affect tho quality of the cream. All these thing- tend to show that the separator must be handled with care and good Judgment. It Is difficult to observe all the points mentioned, but they are so simple and apparent that it would be very easy for the heedless operator to paae over them.

whatever. Freezing does not affect, them and they come to the table fresh from the earth In the early spring when Ather vegetables are likely to be stale and musty. They are boiled or steamed till soft and served with cream sauce; they are also used as salads or pickles. They have about the same food value as potatoes. A pint of tubers, cut to eyes as potatoes are, will plant 25 to dO hills. Planting Strawberries. Strawberry plants ordered from the nursery grower generally com* bunched In lots of twex./five anJ fifty. If upon arrival the ground is all ready for setting, these may be opened as fast as requited f<»c planting, seeing to It that the roots are kept wet and the leaves not allowed to wilt or dry out When brought out to sun and wind prior and in process of setting, keep tbe plants covered with a piece of old wet carpet or gunny sacking Keep each variety carefully by Itself Especially should •he choice be of stHmlnate and pistillate varieties. Such must be planted In alternate rows, that the former may fertilize the latter. This method of planting ts in general use with the large growers, as they get better remits than by the use of the starnin aie varieties alone, but tor the limits of the farm strnv.-berry bed we would advise the use of the stamtnate varieties only, as on the whole more aat1s factory For tho sake of reference and future satisfaction, let the labels be carefully preserved and a stake or stakes driven down, marking the limits of each kind In a way that they oan be easily recognized.

Keep the Pigeons Enclosed. If you keep pigeons, do not let I them bathe In the chl-cken water, | also, sooner or later, you will have j -anker la your flocks. Filth will I mse canker every time. Keep the |

Do not turn the churn too rapidly, as It often prevents thorough mixing of the cream. Rapid motion of the churn keeps the cream close to the side by centrliugul force, and there U very little mixing la consequence.

Precaution* in Rutter Making. In making butter the churn should be revolved at a speed that will produce the best concussion. With a forty-gallon box or barrel churn this will be about fifty revolutions a minute; with a smaller churn somewhat more speed la required. Ono can soon lenrn to tell by the sound when the cream begins to break. Then close watching is needed, so as not to churn It too much. The churn should lie stopped when the granules of butter are somewhat smaller than wheat kernels. To make the butter float well so that the butt?rmllk can be drawn off, throw In some salt, say ono plot to each twenty gallons In the churn. Then revolve the churn a few times. Draw off the buttermITk ttirough a hair sieve, so as to to catch the nr«nul s of butter that escapes from tho, churn. Tlpen wash the butter with pure water at a temperature of fifty degrees er below. This will harden the granules so they will not *o quickly mass together. Wash It twice, euidi lime using ten to twelve qiNWUs of water to every twenty pounds of butter and revolve the churn a few times. Milking With Regularity. The loss from Irregularity Is nowhere more apparent than in milking. Some dairymen milk a little later on Sunday morning than through the week. The following test shows the folly of this practice. A Denver dairyman delayed milking his cows on Sunday morning for an hour and a half and the milk yield showed a large shrinkage that evening and for the day. On Monday morning and on Tuesday morning a difference was also seen. From fifty cows the shrinkage on Monday morning was about one hundred pounds, or an average of two pounds apiece That dairyman will never let hjs cows go over the regular milking time on Sunday morning again.— Field and Farm.

Attention to Details Brings Big Crop* and Fine Fruit. After many years' experience tn growing raspberries, 1 find no soil more satisfactory than a good mellow loam with a clay subsoil. If the clay subsoil has a little mixture of gravel with it, so much the better. Tho Gregg black raspberry is an old timer that I find gives best results when a good coat of barnyard manure is scattered around the hills early in the spring. If you are rushed with work In early spring the winter Is just as well on level ground. The Ixmdon red raspberry would be all right if it were not subject to root gahl, and on this account I wish that it could be discarded from the list of good sorts. It undoubtedly would have been discarded before this had it not been profitable for nurserymen to offer the plants for sale, as much money was jiack of the variety to boom It. If your raspberries are not doing as well for you as In past seasons possibly you are not keeping watch for the anthraenose sort of coppery looking spots and slight dents In the bark of the fruiting canes. If the hills are young I cut out the canes that are diseased, if old plants then I find the best plan is to dig them out and burn the brush. V mistake that many growers make ts to plant out too large an acreage of raspberries. Raspberries as well as any of the other bush fruits, neftd better care than generally is given them. A certain grower reasoned this way: T will put out a good big lot of them and cultivate three or four times and then let them take care of themselves.” The fruits of this man's labor was Just about what one might expect—a berry inferior in size, 25 per cent of a crop and a class of berries that generally causes a glut in the market. If the large acreage man would set out one-half the acreage he had in mind then scatter plenty of manure around the hills and work it Into the soil thoroughly he would realize more clear profit. The best results in manuring the raspberry are secured by applying the manure each season. Don't think it will do to let the first season's application do for three or four years, but apply It liberally, each season, and it will surprisn you to find out how much you can grow even on a small plot of ground of this fruit. It is unwise to cultivate raspberries late in tbe season. Plenty of time should bfe given for the new fruiting canes to ripen up before winter sets in thus enabling the plants to he hardy enough to stand a very cold win ter. Plenty of humus or vegetable mold In the soil is congenial to the raspberries as it grows a strong healthy cone early in the season. As easy as it is to start a new patch of raspberries 1 would have a new one coming on so that I could dig up tho old one alter it had given me three or four crops. CHARLES G. NASH

Tbe Apple Maggot. From the first of July till the frosts come the adult of the maggot Is busy among the apples. It Is a fly, a tittle siuttHer than the common ( honse fly. Tho Insects do not fly much, so spread very slowly from tree to tree. Summer and fall varieties are given the preference, but i hard, winter fruit is sometimes Ini fested, In t^Lhhrh caso the developi ment of the maggot is considerably retarded. Aft*o tho fruit falls the maggot craw ls out and s<>*8 Into the ground or some secluded place to pupate. In this state it remains till the following summer, when It comes forth a tly. - Spraying does not affect the Insect at any stage In Its life Hut R It not i proof against hogs and sheep. The I maggots remain in the fruit till after It has fallen, which suggests the best way to dispose of It. If all windfalls and Infested fruit are fed to animals the maggots can be kept In check.— Farmer's Voice.

Dairy Note*. Keep the dogs away from the dairy herds. Excitement from the presence of dogs means less milk. Clean cow stables and stalls are kept more readily by gutters behind the cows In the stalls 15 to 16 Inches wide to "atch ’.he excrements. Keeping record for each cow's milk are pointers to their feeding and helps to prompt tho feeder. Cows may be allowed to eat anything they like without hurt or taint to the milk if eaten a few hours before they are milked. Aluminum paper Is a new artlds Intended for wrapping butter. It Is said to preserve tbe sweetness of the better for a long time. Thinning fruit Is proving such an advantage tn the quality that tho plan Is gaining ground everywhere. Better prices for better fruit Is the result.—From Farm and Ranch. ttr|e«-ting Apple Trees. Remember this in selecting your trees for the apple orchard: the best fruit bometlmes Is grown on the crooked trees. Therefore, do not sacrlftce quality for appearat*'-*-

Varieties In ('ream. One of tho things which owners of farm separators do not understand Is the cause of the variation In the rlchn»*s of the cream turned out. The variations In the richness of hand separator cream are caused by changes In the temperature of the milk, changes In the speed of tho sepearator bowl and variation In the amount of milk run through the seprator at a given time. These thro* things will Influence the test of the cream, even though the screw Is not changed In the slightest. ftiltslng Old Herrons. Old screen wire that has passed the useful stage as fly protection | comes In handy when making small | Individual coops. It enn often be 1 made to do two years’ service In keeping out rats and other vermin In ! chicken coops.

What to Sow. Winter radish, spinach, kale, lettuce, parsley and many other semlhnrdy crops may be sown In August. On the cultivation nnd richness of the soil will depend the rapidity of their growth.

Improving Flavor of Butter. An Ohio buttermaker says sh® greatly Improves the flavor of her butter by iprlokllng In a tablespoonful of white sugar to each five pounds of butter when salted.

Do not let tho calf get the habli of sucking the cow. Wean R within a week. Calves will begin to nibble at bay when very young. You canhOt rivm it to thrf»rr» t/vr* •cvrw—

Kill That Cold With SA^'-S-CASCARA P QUININE r:>p V& AND Cold., Couchs *e’* La Grippe Neglected C?ldn "re D';r.gcrou3 Take no chrnces. Kjcp . :j .-.dr.r l rexl'i’/handy f :r the first sneeze. Braal:- v? a ill 1 lion-a — Relieves Griprta l.-. 3 c'zy:—":::t’.!or.t fjr Ileodacha Quinine in this form to o not o.Tjot tho head—Cascara i.i best Tonic Lexative — No Cpi.it j in Kill's. ALL DRUGGISTS SELL IT

Opera House ^ A. COOK, Prop. & Mgr. Doors Open 6:30 Two Shows Show Starts 7:00

Program Subject To Change Without Notice

Krpublic Pictures Presents Julian Eltinge In the Big Burlesque Comedy Production, “An Adventuress A Highly Entertaining Screen Story William Fox Presents “Bride 13” The Serial Supreme—Episode Fourteen “The Fiendish Tribesmen”

Specials!

We want to reduce our stock of Groceries by Jan. 1, so if you want some real bargains Telephone 423.

CANNED GOODS No. 3 ca n sliced Pineapple 40c No. 2 can sliced Pineapple 32c No. 3 Fancy tablep caches 30c No_ 3 cans Apricots 25c No > 3 cans Pumpkin 10c No. 3 cans Hominy 12c No. 3 can tomotoes 15c No. 2 cans tomatoes, 12c No. 2 can sugar corn 11c No. 2 can Early June Peas 11c No. 2 ca n Red Beans 10c No. 2 can Heinz Baked Beans 2—35c No. 2 L. & S. Baked beans, 2 can s 35c Heinz Tall Cans Tomato Soup 2 —35c Snider’g tall Can Tomato soup, 2—35c Snider’s catsup 16 oz, b.ottle 30c Gal cans. Red Pitted Cherries $1.65 Gal. cans Black Raspberries .. 1 70 Gal. cans Blackberries 1.25 Gal. cans Apricots 85c Gal cans peeled Peaches 75c Gal can Apples 79c Gal Cans Pumpkin ,35 c Gal. cans Light Karo Syrup .... f)0c Gal. cans Dark Karo Syrup .... 70c Gal. can Pennant Syrup 90c Pure Lard, per lb. 20c Lard Compound, per lb 15c Sugar Cure,) Bacon, per lb 30c Navy Beans. 6 lbs 25c SOAPS Rub-No-Mnro White Naptha 11 oz bar, 14 bars i'oo Star soap. 11 oz. bar 14 bars 1.00 Export Borax, 11 oz. bar, 14 bars 1 00 Bob White Soap. 15 bars 1 00 Grandma’s White Soap, 15 bars. 1.00 Polar W’hite Soap. 19 bars 1,00 White Flyer Soap, 19 bars 1.00 Lenox Soap, 25 bars i po Climax Soap, 26 bars i 00 Kitchen Cleanser 4 boxes 25c Snow Boy Washing Powder, Large •• J.. 25c Extra Good Brooms flOe

S. D. EARLY

South GreencaBLe

^Corn^r Muin ur»f1 .u/ 1