Greenfield Evening Republican, Greenfield, Hancock County, 10 December 1894 — Page 3

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°R- TALMAQE AT THE CITY OF BLOOD.

Blndooism and Mohammedism as Thej

Really Exist—The Hardening Process of Sin Graphic Story of tho Terrible Massacre at Cawnpur, India.

Bi ooklyk, Dec. 9.—Dr. Talmagc today delivered through tho press the second of his round the world series of sermons, -tho subject boing ''The City of Blood," and the text selected being Psalms cxli, 7: 'Our bones are scattered at tho grave's •.mouth, as when ono cutteth and cleaveth

Wood upon the earth. But mine eyes are unto thee, O God, the Lord." Though you may read this text from tho .'Bible, I read it as cut by chisel into the pedestal of a cross beneath which lio many

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ti'*-' -ivr,'il at Cawnpur, India. To show you what llindooism and Mohaniniedan,r,.ii i^ily are, where they have full swing,and not as they represent themselves "^n a ''pailiament of religions," and to d^nniwi'iiu' .i) what extent of cruelty and aboniinaiin human nature may go when fully let loose, and to illustrate the hardeiun^ process of sin, and to remind you how our glorious Christianity may utn its tiiumnh over death and the grave, 1 preach this mv second sermon in tho round the rid series, and I shall speak of "Tho City of Blood," or Cawnpur, India.

Two hours and ten minutes after its occurrence Jose ih T.eoef the Shropshire rcg-'inie-iu ui lout redo in upon the Cawnpur massacre. Ho was the first man I met at Cawnpur. 1 wanted to hear tho story from Swine ono v, ho had been here In ls"j~, and with his own eyes gazed upon the J. slaughtered heaps of humanity. I could hardly wait ui.ttl the horses were put to tlio carriage, and Mr. Lee, seated with us, started for th* sec.o. tho story of which make* tame in contrast all .Modoc and

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Choctaw bill cbcrirv S or as a re It seems that, all the worst passion's r.f the century were to bo impersonated by ono man, and ho Nana Sahib, ami or est ovf, at Cawnpur, Joseph Lee, knew the man

personally. Unfortunately there is no correct picture of Nana Sahib in existence. The pictures of him published in the boohs of Europe and America and familiar to us all are an amusing mistake. This is tho

fact in regard to them: A lawyer of Eng land was called to India for the purpose of defending tho case of a native who had been charged with fraud. Tho attorney came and so skillfully managed tho ease **of his client that the client paid him enormously for his services, and lie went back to England, iking ifh him a picture of his Indian client. After awhile tho mutiny in Indi.t broke out, and Nana Sahib was mentioned as tho champion villain of the whole affair, and the newspapers of

England wanted a picture of him and to interview some one on Indian affairs who had recently been in India. Among others the journalist called upon this lawyer lately returned. The gnly picture he had brought from India Teas the picture of his client, the men charged with fraud. The attorney gave this picture to tlie journals as a specimen of the way the Hindoos /, dress, and fort iiwitli that picture was used, either by mistake or intentionally, for 1 iNana Sahib. The English lawyer said ho

I lived in dread that his client would some ,-m^r day see the r-re made of "n pi, it Was not until tho death of his Hindoo client Jtlsat tho lawyer divulge.il the facts. *4i Perhaps it was never intended that tho face of suoh a demon should bo preserved among human records. I said to our 4 I escort, "Mr. Lee, was there any peculiarity in Nana Sahib's appearance?" The re-

P'y

wa»:

"Nothing very peculiar. He was

a dull, la.:y, cowardly, sensual man, "/I brought up to do nothing and wanted to

continue on the same scale to do nothing." From what Mr. Leo told me and from I all I could learn in India, Nana Sahib ordered the massacie in that city from sheer revenge, llis father abdicated the throne, and the English paid him annually a penI eion of $400,000 When the father died, i* the English government declined to pay the same pension to the son, Nana Sahib, but the poor lellow was not in any suffering from lack of funds. His father left him ?80,000 in gold ornaments, $500,000 in jewels, $800,000 in bonds and other resources amounting to at least $1,500,000. .' But the poor joung man was not satisfied, and the Cawnpur massacro was his ro*vengo. General Wheelor, the Englishman who had command of this city, although *. often warned, could not see that the sepoys *. were planning for his destruction and that of all his regiments and all the Europeans in Cawnpur.

A Remarkable Document.

Mr. Lee explained all this to me by the fact that General Wheeler had married a native, and he naturally took her story and thought there was no peril. But the time for the proclamation from Nana Sahib had come, and such a document went forth as never before had seen tho light of day. I give only an extract: "As by the kindness of God, and the good fortune of the emperor, all the Chris tians who were at Delhi, Poor.ah, Sattara and other places, and even those 5,000 European soldiers who went in disguise f* into the former city and were discovered, are destroyed and sent to hell by the pious and sagacious troops who are lirm to their

I religion, and as they have all been conquered by the present government and as no trace of them is left in these places it w'v ia tho duty r.f all the subjects and servants 'V of tho government to rejoice at tho de''^V: -I lightful intelligence and carry on their 7«-' respective woi with comfort and ease.

As by tho bounty of the glorious Almighty

'''0A? I* and tho enemy destroying fortune of tlie ©mperor the yellow faced and narrow minded people have been sent to hell, and W Cawnpur has been conquered, it is neces-

I sary that all tho subjects and landowners T' i1 and government servants should be as obediont to tho present government as thoy have been to the former one that It

is tho incumlient duty of all the peasants

$%•' I and landed pi pricturs oi every disti'ict to rejoice at the thought that tho Christians Is have been sent to hell, and both the Hindoo and Mohammedan religions have been conflrmod, and that they should, as usual, be obedient to the authorities of tho government and never suffer any complaint, against themselves tjreach to the ears of the higher authority." "Mr. Lee, what is this?" I said to our escort as the earriago halted by an emit bankment. "Here," ho said, is tho intrench men where tho Christians of Cawnpur took refuge. It is the remains of a wall which at tho time of the mutiny was only four feet high, behind which, with no shelter from the sun, the heat at l.'lO degrees, 440 men and 500 women and children dwelt nearly a-ruonth. A handful of flour and split peas was the daily ration and only two wells near by, the ono iu iwhicli they buried their dead because tliey

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had no time to bury them in tho earth and the other well the focas on which the artillery of the enemy played so that it was a choice between doath by thirst and death by bullet or shell. Ten thousand yelling Hindoos outside this frail wall and 1,000 suffering, dying people in^do. In addition to the army of the Hindoos and Moslems an Invisible army of sicknesses swooped upon them. Some wont raving mad under exposure. Orders dropped under apoplexy, A starving, mutilated, fevered, sunstruok, ghastly group, waiting to die. Why did not the hv .then dash down those mud walls and the 10 0u0 annihilate the now less tha.ii 1,000? It was beeauso they seemed supernaturally defended.

A Proposed Treaty.

Nana Sahib resolved to celebrate an anniversary. Tho 23d of Juno, 1S57, would bo 100 years since tho battle of Plassy, he.), uiH.er Lor 1 C':ive, India surrendered to England. That day the last European in Cawnpur was to bo slaughtered. Other anniversaries have been celebrated with wine this was to bo celebrated with blood. Oilier anniversaries have, been adorned with garlands, this with drawn swords, Others have been kept with songs, this with exeeratiom

Others with the dance of tho

gay, tiiis with the dance of death. The infantry and cavalry ancf artillery of Nana Sahib made on that

day

one grand assault,

but. the few guns of the English and Scotch put to llight these Hindoo tigers, The courage of the lionds broke against that mud wall as the waves of the sea a-.ralnst a lighthouse. The cavalry horses returned full run without their riders. Tho Lord looked out from the heavens, and on that anniversary day gave the victory to his j. 'oplo. I

Therefore Nana Sahib must try some other plan. Standing in a fi-Id not far from theWntr. nehntont-of tho English was a native Christian woman, Jacobeo by name, holding high up in her hand a letter. It was evidently a communication from ih enemy, anal General Wheeler ordered the woman brought in. She handed him a proposed reaty. If General Wheeler and his men would givo up their weapons, Nana Sahib would conduct them into safety. They could march out unmolested, tho men. women and children they could go down tomorrow to the Ganges, whero they would find boats to take them in peace to Allahabad.

There was soino opposition to signing this treaty, but General Wheeler's wife told him he could trust the natives, and so ho signed the treaty. There was great joy in the intrenchment that night. Without molestation they went out and got plenty of water to drink and water for a good wash. Tho liun'ger and thirst and exposure from the consuming sun, with the thermometer from 120 to 140, would cease. Mothers rejoiced at the prospect of saving their children. Tho young ladles of the Intrenchinent would escape tho wild beasts in human form. On the morrow, true to the promise, carts were ready to transport those who wore too much exhausted tu wait:.

Inscriptions.

"Get in tho carriage," said Mr. Lee, "and wo will ride to tho banks of tho Ganges, for which tho liberated combatants and noncombatants started from this placo." On our way Mr. Leo pointed out a monument over the burial placo which was opened for General Wheeler's intrenchn ent, the well into which every night the dead had been dropped. Around it is a curious memorial. There are five crosses, one at each corner of tho garden, and one at the center, from which inscrip-th-.n .n .y .. .u! my text. Riding on, we came to tho Memorial chureh, built to tho memory ol tuoso fallen in Cawnpur. Tho walls are covered with tablets and epitaphs. I copied two or three of tho inscriptions—"These aro they who come out of great tribulation also, "Tho dead shall be raised incorruptible also, "In tho world ye shall have tribulation, but bo of good cheer I have overcome the world also, "The Lord gave, tho Lord hath taken away also, "Como unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden." "Get into tho carriage," said Mr. Lee, and wo rode on to the Ganges and got out at a Hindoo templo standing on the banks. "Now," said Mr. Lee, "here is tho place to which General Wheeler and his people came under the escort of Nana Sahib." I went clown the steps to the margin of the river. Down these steps went General Wheeleramlthe men, women and children under his care. They stood on one side o? the 6teps, and Nana Sahib and his staff stood on the other side. As the women were getting into tho boats Nana Sahib objected that only the aged and infirm women and children should go on board tho boats. The young and attractive women were kept out. Twenty-eight boats were filled with men, women and children and floated out into the river. Each boat contained ten armed natives. Then three boats, fastened together, were brought up, and General Wheeler and his staff got in. Although orders were given to start, the tlireo boats were somehow detained. At this I juncture a boy 12 years of ago hoisted on the top of the Hindoo templec-n the banks two Hags—a Hindoo and a Mohammedan flag—at which signal tho boatmen and I armed natives jumped from the boats and swam for the shore, and from innumerable guns tho natives on tho bank fired I on the boats, and masked batteries above and below roared with destruction, and tho boats sank with their precious cargo, I I and all went down save three strong I swimmers, who got to tho opposite shore.

Those who struggled out near by were I dashed to death. Nana Sahib and his staff, with thi^r swords, slashed to pieces General Wheeler and his staff, who had I not got well away from tho shore.

Tlie Climttx of Uiabolisui.

I said that the young and attractive women were not allowed to get into the I boat. These were marched away under tho guard of the sepoys. "Which way?" I inquired. "I will show I you," said Mr. Lee. Again wo took seats in tho carriage and started for tho climax of desperation and diabolism. Now we are on the way to a summer house called the assombly rooms, which had been built for recreation and pleasure. It had two rooms, each 20 by 10, and some windowless closets, and here were imprisoned 200 helpless people. In was to Iecomo tho prison of these women and children,

Some of these sepoys got permission of Nana Sahib to take one or more of these ladies to their own place on tho promiso they should be brought back to tho summT garden r.ext morning. A daughter of General Wheeler was so taken and did not return. She afterward married tho Mohammedan who had taken hor to his tent. Somo sepoys amused themselves by thrusting children thrnii.-jh with bayonets and holding them lip before their mothers in the rummer house. All the doors closed, and the sepoys standing guard, the crowded women and children waited their doom for IS days and nights amid sickness and liies and stench and starvation.

Then Nana Sahib heard that Havclock was coming, and his name was a .terror to the sepoys. Lest tlie women unci children imprisoned in. the summer house, or as­

sembly rooms, should be liberated, he ordered that their throats should be cut. The officers were commanded to do the work and attempted it, but failed because the law of caste-would not allow the Hindoo to hold the victims while they were being slain. Then 100 men wero ordered to fire through the windows, but they fired over the head-i of the imprisoned ones, and only few \~. re killed. Then .T.'.na was in a rage and ordered professional butchers from among tho lowest of the gypsies to go at the wort. J. iv of them with hatchets and swords and knives began tho work, but three of them collapsed and fainted under the ghastlincss, and it was left to two butchers to complete tho Slaughter. The strug-cle, the sharp cut, the blinding blow, tlie cleaving through scalp and skull, tlie begging for life, the death agony of hour after hour, the tangled limbs of the corpses, the piled up dead—only God and those who were inside tho summer house can ever know.

The butehe.v. e-onc cut cxhaLs^u, thinking tliey Ivid i.l• •:c their w-rk, and the dv.ors were eio^.-u. Bat when they wero again opened three women and three boys •wero still alive.

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iheso were' soon dis­

patched, and not a Christian or a European was left in Cawnpur. i'liemurderers were p.aid 50 ceil is i"r each lady slain. Tlie Mohammedan assassins dragged by the hair the dead bodies out of tho summer house and threw them into the well, by which I stood with such feelings as you cannot imagine. Br.6 after tho mutilated bodies had been thrown info tho well the record of the scene remained in hieroglyphics of crimson on the floor and wall of the slaughter house. An ryewitn says that as ho walked in the blood \\as shoe deep, and on this blocd were tutts of hair, pieces of muslin, broken combs, fragments of pinafore-, children's straw hats, a eardcaso containing a curl with tho inscription, "Ned's hair, with love," a few leaves of an Episcopal prayer book also a book entitled "Preparation For Death,," a Bible on the fly leaf of which was written, "For darling mamma, from her affectionate daughter, Isabella Blair,"both the ono who presented it and the one to whom it was presented departed forever.

A Ghastly Well.

I said, "Mr. Lee, I havo heard that indelicate things were written on tho wall." Ho answered, "No, but these poor creatures wrote in charcoal and scratched on tho wall tho story of the brutalities they had suffered."

When tho English and Scotch troops camo upon tho scene, their wrath was so great that General Neil I had tho butchers arrested, and before being shot compelled them to wipe up part of the floor of this placo of massacre, this being the worst of their punishment, for there is nothing a Hindoo so hates as to touch blood.

When Havelock enmo upon the scene, he had this order annulled. The well was now not only full of human bodies, but corpses piled on tho outsido. The soldiers were for many hours engaged in covering tho dead.

It was about 5 o'clock in tho evening when I came upon thiji placo in Cawnpur. Tiie building in which tho massacre took place has been torn down, and a garden of exquisito and fragrant flowers surrounds the scene. Mr. Leo pointed out to us some 70 mounds containing bodies or portions of bodies of' those not thrown into tho well. A soldier stands on guard to keep the foliago and flowers from being ruthlessly pulled. I asked a soldier if I might take a rose as a memento, and he liandod mo a cluster of roses, red and white, both colors suggestive to me—the red typical of the carnage there enacted and the white for tho purity of those who from that spot ascended. But of course the most absorbing interest concentrated at the well, into which hundreds of women and children were flung or lowered. A circular wall c£ white marble incloses this well. Tho wall is about 20 feet high. Inside this wall thero is a marble pavement. I paced it and found it 57 paces around. In tho center of this inclosure and immediately above tho well of the dead is a sculptured angel of resurrection, with illumined face and two palm branches, meaning victory. This angel is looking down toward the slumberers beneath, but tho two wings suggest tho rising of tho last day. Mighty consolation in marble.! They went clown under the hatchets of the .^ oys they shall como up under the trumpet that shall wake the dead. I felt weak and all a-trem-blo as I stood reading these words on the stone that covers the well: "Sacred to the perpetual memory of a great company of Christian people, chiefly women and children, cruelly massacred near this spot by the rebel, Nana Sahib, and thrown, the dying with the dead, Into tint well beneath on the lath day of July, 1857." On the arch of tho mausoleum were cut the words, "These are they who caine out of great tribulation."

Food For Vultures.

Tho sun was sinking beneath the horizon as I camo down tho seven or eightsteps of that palaco of a sepulchor, and I bethought myself, "No emperor, unless it was Napoleon, ever had more glories around his pillow of dust, and no queen, unless it were tho ono of Taj Mahal, hail reared for her grander cenotaph than crowns tho resting places of tho martyrs at Cawnpur." But where rest the bones of tho Herod of the nineteenth century, Nana Sahib? No ono can tell. Two men sent out to find tho whereabouts of the daughter of General Wheeler tracked Nana Sahib during a week's ride into tho wilderness, and they wero told that for awhiie after the mutiny Nana Sahib set up a little pomp in the jungles. Among a few thousand Hindoos and Mohammedans he took for himself tho only two tents the neighbors had, while they lived in the rain and mud. Nana Sahib, with ono servant carrying an umbrella, would go every day to bathe, and people would go and stare. For somo reason after awhilo lis forsook even that small attention ahil disappeared among the ravines of tho Himalayan mountains. Ho took with him in his flight that which he always took with him —a ruby of vast value. He wore it as some wear an amulet. He wore it as somo wear a life preserver. Ho wore it on his bosom. The Hindoo priest told him nr. long as he wore that ruby his fortunes would bo good, but both the ruby and tho prince who wore it have vanished. Not a treasure on the outside of the boaom, but a treasure inside the heart, is the best protection. Solomon, who had rubies in the hilt of swords, and rubies in the lip of tho tankards, and rubies in his crown, declared that which Nana Sahib did not lind out in time, "Wisdom is better than rubies." When the forests of India are cleared by tho axcs'of another civilization, tho lost ruby of this Cawnpur monster may bo picked up and be brought back again to bhu'.o among the world's jewels. But who shall reclaim for decent sepulture the romains of Nana Sahib? Ask tho vultures! Ask the reptiies 1 Ask tho jackal Ask tho midnight Himalayas!

Much criticism lias been madu of Sir Henry Havelock and Sir Colin Campbell beeauso of tho exterminating work they did with tfcesy sepoys. Indeed it was

I awful. Sfy escort, Mr. Lee, has told mo that tie 6aw the sepoys fastened to the mouth* of cannon, and then the guns would fire, and for a fow seconds there would be nothing but smoke, and'as the smoke began to lift fragments of flesh I would be found flying through the air.

You may do your own criticism. I here express no opinion. There can be no u-.jubt, iiuftevcr, tiiat that mode of finally treating the sepoys broke the back of tho mutiny. Tho Hindqos found that tho F/urop,,!ii: could play at the samo g*iud which the Asiatics had started. The plot was organized for the murder of ail the Europeans and Americans in India.'- Untier its knives and bludgeons American Presbyteriani.-ui lost it".gloriousmissionarics, iiev. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell, iiev. Mr. and Mrs. McMullin, Rev. Mr. and I Mrs. Johiioon, He v. Mr. and .Mrs. Freeman. Tlie- work of slaughter had been begun in ad directions on an appalling scale, and tho commanders of the English army made up their minds that this was the best way fo stop it. A mild and genlie war with the sepoys was an impossibility. The natives of India ever and anon havo demonstrated their cruelty. I stood on the very h,ot in Calcutta where tho natives of India in 17^X5 enacted that scene which no other people on earth could havo enacted. Tho Black JIoloprison has been torn dow-n, but a stone pavement 20 icct by 20 indicates the ground covered by the prison. The building had two small win(lows and was inteiu.ed lor two or tinvo* prisoners.

Tla.-e

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-.atives of India

the

crowded

into Unit one room of 20 feet by 20 feet 14(5 Europeans. The midsummer heat, tho snlVoea! ion,

uampU cv* on a "ip

another, tho groaning and shrieking and begging and praying of all are matters of history. The sepoys that night held lights to the small windows anil mocked the sufferors. Then all tho sounds ceased. That night of June 20, 1750, passed, anil 123 corpses were taken out. Only 23 peoplo of the 14li were alive, and they had fo be nulled out from under tho corpses. Mrs. Carey, who survived, was taken by the Indian

nabob

into his harem and kept

I a prisoner six years. Lucknow in 1857 was only an echo of Calcutta in 1756. I During the mutiny of which I have been speaking natives who had been in tho service of Europeans and well treated by them, and with no cause of offense, would at tho call of tho mutineers and without any compunction stab to death tho fathe.rs and mothers of the household and

dash out the brains of tho children. Christianity or Hlndooisui? 1 Thoso natives aro at peaco now, but give them a chance, and they will ro-enact tho scenes of 175(5 and 1857. They look upon tho English as conquerors and themselves as conquered. Tho mutiny of 1857 occurred because the British government was too lenient and put iu places of trust and in command of fort?) too many of tho natives. I call upon England to stop the present attempt to palliate the natives by allowing them to hold positions of trust.

I am no alarmist, but tho only way that these Asiatics can be kept from another mutiny is to put them out of power, and I say beware, or the Lucknow and Cawnpur and Delhi martyrdoms over which tho hemispheres have wept will be eclipsed by tho Lucknow and Cawnpur and Delhi martyrdoms yet to be enacted. I speak of what I havo seen and heard. I give the opinion of every intelligent Englishman and Scotchman and Irishman and American whom 1 met in India. Prevention is better than euro. I do not say it is better that England vulw India. I say no:h:..g against tho right of India to rulo herself. But 1 do say that tho moment the native population of India think thero is a possibility of driving back Europeans from India they will make tho attempt, and that they havo enough cruelties, for tho time suppressed, which if let loose would submerge with carnage everything from Calcutta to Bombay and from tho Himalayas to Coromandel.

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Now, my friends, go homo after what I havo said to sec the beauties of tho Mohammedanism and llindooism which many think it will bo well to have introduced Into America, and to dwell upon what natural evolution will do where it has had its unhindered way for thousands of years, and to think upon tho wonders of martyrdom for Christ's sake, and to pray more earnest prayers for the missionaries, and to contribute more largely for the world's evangelization, and to be more assured than ever that the overthrow of tho idolatries of nations is such a stupendous work that nothing but an omnipotent God through the gospel of Jesus Christ can ever achieve it. Amen!

His First Sight of a Corset. A woman traveling in Japan a year ago spent a night at an isolated little inn in tlie mountains. When her party reached the place, tho landlord, or master of the house, for tho placo hardly seemed an accredited hotel, showed some reluctance to accommodate Uio travelers. Finally ho signified his willingness on one condition. When tho condition was stated, it created consternation, being a request that tho lady would allow him the privilego of assisting at that portion of her morning toilet which had to do with the putting on of her corsets. The man had, it seems, heard of thoso strange garments, but had never boforo encountered a foreign woman and felt that the opportunity of his life had come to appease an inordinate curiosity in the matter. After some natural hesitation tho American woman consented to pay this very odd price for the housing of herself and friends, and tho next morning the inspection was duly permitted. Tho Japanese host was most deferential, but also minute in tho examination, walking around her several times with many deprecatory smiles, finally approaching gingerly and touching tho bodice of bone and drilling. He was evidently greatly amazed and decidedly shocked that any woman could so incase herself, and after his guest had finished her toilet and appeared in the breakfast room his eyes followed her constantly with an expression of fascinated interest, which was varied from time to time by a shake of tho head and a solemn look of deprecation, as if one should say, "It is true indeed but, oh, how dreaihul!'—New York Times.

.Squinting.

As a rule, eyo doctoring is too dangerous to be encouraged. Tho following, however, may bo suggestive: Strabismus, commonly called squinting, when not tho result of organic derangement, is frequently acquired in childhood by neglected boys and girls, who, in their foolish efforts to look singular, show off or mimic startling eases. When ono eye oiily is ol Tec ted, it may bo cured by blindfolding tho other eyo several hours daily until tho habit has been broken. Bad cases of squinting inward, caused by a division of the Inner muscles of the eyeball, require an operation, which must bo-performed by a skill ful surgeon. There are so many splendid infirmaries in America whero free treat mont is given by renowned speciidists that it Is criminal for a parent to neglect his own or liis family's eyes.—Exchange.

DOG LOR2.

An Animal Figuring In the Legends of I All Human Races. The folkloro of England, Ireland and I Wales is full of stories in which hell dogs I pursue men and beasts, though they differed in appearance, according to tho country, but all wero of gre-at size and strong beyond nature. Their eyes shot flames, and their mouths omittofl lire that scorched all approaching them, though they could be routed by a call on tho Deity or by tho pursued turning on them with a cross or I the sign of one. in Wales they were usually mastiffs

without fails, while in England they moved in packs and rescnibied hunting hounds. In Charles Reade's "Put Yourself In His Place" tho author makes referenco to tlie popular belief in tiie mysterious pa-k known as the Gabriel hounds, which flew through tho air in full cry, presaging disaster and answering, especially to nobie families, the purpose of the Irish bati.shiv in foretelling tiie deaths of members. In Holland there is a legend that death is always preceded by a pal.' dog that runs, sni'riiig the ground for a spot to dig the victim's grave. If was this idea that gave rise to the ancient dislike to a white dog in that, country, and if ono of Unit color was seen near a grave-yard it was put to dewrh with a silver bullet, over which a prayer hail been said.

In India a great god has a dng's head, and the dog star (Sa-ius) is so called from tho Egyptians thinking it gave notice, being particularly conspicuous at that season of the year, of the rising of the Xiie, p.: a dig might tiie approac-n of danger. The Laplanders gave tho bear the name of tho "dog of God," and the Norwegians declare that it. has the strength of In men and the cunning of 12.

In oriental religion the noble youths who slept

80S'

years wero guarded in their cav-

ern by a dog that neither ate, drank nor slumbered during the period of its vigil, and for its fidelity was given a place in paradise by Mohammed, whose own dog enjoyed a similar honor. To geographers are known many islands called after dogs, I among which the best known are tho isle

of Dogs, found in the Thames t!?«? Beg inland, in the Malayan archipelago, and tho Great Dog, the George Dog and tho West Dog, lying near tho island of the Virgin, or St. Thomas.

There is a curious legend connected with an island on the coast of Kamchatka, which is known as tho island of tho Talking Dogs. In prehistoric times, so the inhabitants will tell you, tho natives of tho mainland

cid

not employ dogs to perform

any menial labor, but lived with them on terms of equality and drew their sleds themselves, caught their own game and hunted the walrus alone. The dogs, which Wero

giiicd

abandon tho mainland and establish a colony on tho island referred to, but tho gamo hero becoming scarcol'rom tho anger of the gods they turned cannibals at last, and soon they wero all killed except: seven, which survived of all tho many which had rebelled.

Then the Kamchatk'ari's sailed over to tho island, which tliey had not dared molest before, and attempted to persuade tho dogs to return to them, but they refused to comply with tho request, asking: "What people aro yon? Wo have no l-nowledre ^f yon." And in punishmenti fur this denial tho dog god took away their gift of speech, leaving only tho bark and wnine, when they were easily subjugated by the men.— Philadelphia Times.

Game at the Cape, 1052.

When tho early Dutch settlers landed at tho Cape in 1052 and under their first governor, stout Jan Van Riebeek, took possession of the soil, they found the country ono vast and teeming natural preserve of great gamo. Down to tho very shores of tho Atlantic and Indian oceans there wandered a countless multitude of the noblest and rarest species with which a prodigal nature ever blessed the earth. The elophant, rhinoceros and buffalo roamed everywhere the hippopotamus bathed his unwieldy form in every stream and river the lion, leopard and cheetah pursued their prey unchecked the clanil, koodoo, gnu, hartbeesfc and a number cf other flno antelopes grazed in astonishing plenty.

S

with speech, grew haughty

and tried to assumo dominion over tho men, when the latter, awaking to tho danger, overthrow tho animals, attempting to enslave them. This inJueea ibe

dogs

to

The early Dutch settlers scarcely knew what to do with this profusion of gamo. The elands and koodoos broke into their gardens and vineyards the elephants and rhinoceroses made bay with their crops tho lions besieged them in their fort and dogged Governor Van Riebeek in his garden. Thore is a pathetic yet ludicrous entry in the old records of the Cape commanders, bearing date tho 83d of January, 165ii. "This night," sn the chronicle, "it appeared as if tho lions would take tho fort by storm."—Fortnightly Review.

V,,^"The Industrious Chinaman. I have descended the deepest gold mine in tho world—Lansell's "180" shaft, which is down 2,850 feet and is being sunk another 300. I have seen the quartz being quarried from its matrix, I havo watched it ascending to the surface, I have followed it to the stamping battery, and I have wit nessod the finely powdered product passing through all tho complicated processes connected with gold saving, in which quicksilver, ripples, blankets and delicate chemical operations all play a part, iho gold bearing sand from tho batteries is subjected to manipulation after manipulation. and with untiring care each series of manipulations is repcateil several times over. At last, when human patience and ingenuity appear to ha»e necii completely exhausted, the useless sludge is allowed to run off. I follow tho muddy channel as it cuts its way through a vast mountain of tailings.

At the extreme edge of these I encounter a Chinaman and a breakwind. Tho latter shelters him from heat and wind, and behind its cover aro a miniature set of sluices, with quicksilver plates, ripples and blankets all complete. Where the Caucasian has admitted himself to be played out tho Mongolian is saving gold. Hero is an alchemist who can find tho precious metal in the dirt wash from the battery in which every appliance that money can purchase and man'# ingenuity devise is in operation. Yet the Australian miner would, if he could, hunt this Chinaman from tho field. But John pays a small rent to the mine to seeuro tho right of occupation, and once in the country and duly registered ho Is protected by all the forces of the law.—Nineteenth Century.

LIFE AMD COST OF A LOCOMOTIV^

The Exultant Start, the Gradual Declln# anil the Inevitable Breakup. The cash value of a locomotive average* $10,000, and there aro now in use on the railroads of tho United States about 85,000 locomotivos, representing a total investment of $:io0,000,0i0. The Pennsylvania railroad stands at the head of the list, with 1/-?^ 'nenTvoHvo®. The New. York Centralis not far behind, with 1,200 locomotives. The Erie road has 664 the Loni:-vi4!e and Narhville, 6o2 the Union Pacific. 1,0(JO the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, rr,4 -the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, 70S tho Chicago and Northwesn rn, S5S the Northern Pacific, Cl!: t'e Bi.ittmore and Ohio, fi(50, and tho Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, 1,003.

The life of an ordinary locomotive, shinning brass, glittering steel, iron and hard, woo !, is shavi. than the life of a^i individual and is in h!v -1:"v^on.-. I' irst,,. wi.cn bright and new from tho machine shop, it is ran along tho tracks to t.iio rv«:ndhu:-.-\ flag.- Hying !V the ih and., a broom or a hoi-sesiioo on the cowcatcher for aood luck.

The .-oeoiid stage is w!: -n, after having been iu active use, outer g[o.-,s is dimmed by mapping oil and its beauty...• grimed by -.moke. However carefnily tendcd. however oi'ten repaired and however thoroughly ov. rhr.ulcd, a locomotive engine, after some period of eervie ', becomes,e as it v,ere, a second rate article. If cannot make :h-' long runs which were po-si-!)ie fot nu it oa:.no«: m.-vo the high standard ra ta of spot-d it cannot boused continually. A line locomotive, such as 9'.U) on the New York Central, becomes so shaken at hue. that tho intricate machinery seems to gei. out of gmr. A lreighc locomotive, constructed for heavier burden.-., but. lers r::Kv:.l. is m- v',' "a! but ceases finally to be powerful enough for the trains, which get longer and heavier as the equipment of American railroads is improved with heavier rails, iron bridges and trestles and improved brakes and car couplers. When a locomotive, passonger or freight, ceases, through use, to belong to the first grade, it comes to bo used as an auxiliary. The passenger locomotive formerly on express trains goes to tho way train service the freight locomotive conies to be used to re-enforce another locomotive in tho freight service on grades whero two aro required.

In some railroads freight locomotives como at last, to bo used for station or roundhouso service, tho lowest grado of all. Such locomotivos "makeup" trains,

shift cars to sidings, draw away empty cars and aro employed on repair or construction trains. When tnat point is reached, the useful days of a railroad locoI motive are nearly over. What follows js the breaking up of the engine—iu»manI tling, it is c'-llcd—for the old steel and iron it contains. Most railroads, however, havo for terminal or station purposes smaller and cheaper locomotives, specially conI structed for that use, and these may easily bo distinguished by a traveler on account of the litiie care given them by the engincer.

They are

useful and not ornamen-

tal.—New York Sun.

CL' PI OF THE WORLD.

How S.l'cam 5'ower Has 3Iale Olil Mother Kart^i Grow Smaller. I Somo very interesting facts wero put to"j." St ., er-.'r! in a lccture which lie delivered recently to illustra'e tho go.v.ah and uu.nts of steam navigation in our day. Tho voyage I from New York to Queenstown is now aecomolishud at tho rate of th statuto miles an hour. The run from Southampton to tho cape has been made in lJi days, and I Eugli.-h mails have, been convoyed b- .vveen

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The mountain zebras puced tho sierras of tho Cape peninsula and every other range of the colony in strong troops. The quagga, now, alas, extinct, thronged tho karroo plains. In every coruor of that vast land, upon flat and upland, in deep and lonely kloof and over boundless plain, thero wandered free and undisturbed as they had wandered through countless ages of the past an unexampled array of wild animals.

Charing Cross and India in liJ de^s. In-

deed Jules Verne's dream is ridirtlously out of date, for the great globe itself can

now bo circumnavigated in less than 50 days. I Nor has tho limit by any moans been readied. Iu Sir Thomas Sutherland's opinion, a great advance will yet bo made, and tho long result of time will add in this as in other respects to all the wonders that will be. And what is very gratifying is that, with all the accelerated rate of travel and the growth of the mileage of our fleets, there lias been no inereasc, but

1

an actual decrease, in tne loss of life. Speed is a good thing. Speed with safety I is hotter. And that is what has been real-. izeil.

It is very interesting to notice how this shrinking of the world has entirely altered tho conditions of somo political problems,. Take, for instance, the question of tho imporial federation. Hero is a passage in which Burke, writing 100 yearn ago, showed the almost fatal obstacles to any representation even of America in parliament at Westminster: "The writs are issued for electing members for America and tho West Indies. Some provinces receive them in 6 weeks, somo in 10, some in s!0. A vessel may be lost, anil then some provinces may not receivo them at all. But let it be that they roceivo them at once and in tho shortest time. A proper space must bo given for proclamation and for the election, some weeks at iev.st. But tho members are chosen, and if the ships are ready to sail I In about six more they arrive in London,

In the mwintimo parliament has sat, and I business has far advanced without tho American represoncaihes. Nay, by this time it may happon that tho parliament is dissolved, and then the members ship themselves again to be elected. The writs may arrive in America before tho poor members of parliament in wlwch they never sat can arrive at their several provinc.es. A new interest is formed, and they find other members are chosen whilst they aro on the high seas. But if the writs and members arrivo together hero is at best anew trial of skill amongst tho candidates after ono set of thorn havo woll airoil themselves with tiieir two voyages of 6,000 miles."

ICvils of Waltzing.

There is nothing new under tho sun. A recjni. C. g.wU.-,e t...: lie t^ioi'ieiUS Cifeots of dancing finds a parallel.in an old GorInan pamphlet which was written by a man

called

Salomo i'akob VNolf, and

I which made Its way into a second edition at Hallo in the closing year of tho last contury.

Its long winded and old fashioned title I was, "A Demonstration That Waltzing Is a Chief Source of the Hod ily and Mental

1

Weaknesses of Our Generation." Tho booklet consists of 71 pages.—Sketch

Saved lli.s

The story is told of the late John A. McCaull that ho saved tho life of Senator John W. Daniel at tho capitol disaster in 1 Richmond several years ago. The whole' ufaer floor of tho courtroom in the building collapsed, and Mr Daniel, then a praeticiug lawyer, as was Mr. McCaull, would have gone down In tho wreck if Uio latter had not hold him up to a window sill uiv« til holp camo.

rSWx.