Greenfield Evening Republican, Greenfield, Hancock County, 4 December 1894 — Page 3

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FINANCIAL REFORM,

The Principal. Recommendation of the President, sp

PRESENT FOREIGN RELATIONS.

Further TariJT ion (Ji-gad to

the

Extent oi" -Aiukiiiy C'oiil Iron i: rt^e,

Doing Awaj Willi lli«: M^ur !iit«'ivn( i:ii, Construction of Ships, Ktc'., as Kecomniendcd by the Secretary of tl*« Navy. "W.vs'Hixi!'ion, Dec. 3.—The following is President Cleveland'3 message to congress: To the Congress of the united States:

The assemblage within tne nation legislative halls of those charged with the duty of making lass's for the beueli'., of a generous aiul free people impressively suggests the exacting obligation and inexorable responsibility involved in their task. At the iliresiihold of such labor uo.v in be undertaken by the congress of the United States and in the discharge of an executive 'duty chjoined Oj tiic COhsiitUliOll 1 sUOilut this communication, containing a oriet statement ot Hie condition of our national affairs, and recommends such legislation as sei-:ns to be necessary and expedient.

Al'ler refer! ng to the peaceful relations existing bt:t\v«L-!i -it* Unit t-tat-es and foreign uatioi.e, tiie term nation ol the war in Brazil and the seti lenient, of the Chilian claims by that government the president says:

Tlie Tar East War.

On the lTtn ot .March last a new treaty with China in further regulation of emigration wus sinned at ashingioti, and on Aug. 15 it received the sanction ot the senate.

Ratification oil the part of China and formal exchange are uwaited to give elfect to this mutually beneficial consv iir.ion.

A gratil ving reeogniiion of the unitorni impartialitv ot this country tosvard all foreign stairs \va.- inanitested by the coincident request of Liie Chinese and .Japanese government- thai lie agents 1 tue n'.ted States should, wituin proper limits, afford protection to the subjects of the other during the susp 'iisiou of diplomatic relations due to a state of war.

This delicate oilice was accepted, and a misapprehension gave rise to the belief that affording this kindly unofficial protection our agents would exercise tiie same authority wined the withdrawn agents of the belligerents had exercised was promptly corrected. Although the war between China and Japan endangers 110 policy of the United States it deserves our gravest consideration, by reason of its disturbance of our growing commercial interests in the two countries and the increased dangers wliieh may result to our citizens domiciled or sojourning in tiie interior of China.

Acting under a stipulation in our treaty with Corea (the first concluded with a western power) felt constrained at the beginning of the controversy to tender our good offices to induce an amicable arrangement of tiie initial uinicuity growing out of the Japanese demands lor administrative reforms Corea, but in- unhappy prec.pitation of actual hostilities defeated this kindlv purpose.

Deploring the destructive war between the two most powerful of the eastern nations and anxious that our commercial interests in those couuti'ies^lnay be preserved and that the satety ot our citizens there shall not be jeopardised, 1 would nut Hesitate to .heeu '.my mimialion th..l our friendly aid for th honorable termination ot hostilities wouid be acceptable to both belligerents. ,,

A convention has been finally concluded for the settlement by arbitration of the prolonged dispute with Ecuador, growing out Ol the proceedings against Kmilio Saute-, a na ab/.ed oitizcn ol tne united States.

Our relations with the republic of France continue to be sucii as sbouid exist

"~n5etween "nations so iong hound together •^V'A by friendly sympathy and similarity in their form of government.

Cariiot's Assassination.

The recent cruel assassination of the president of this sister republic called forth such universal expressions of sorrow and condolence lroin our people and government as to leave no doubt of the depth and sincerity of our attachment. 'i lie resolutions passed by u.e senate and uouse of representatives on ihc occasion nave been communicated to the widow of President Carnot.

Acting upon the reported discovery 01 Texas lever in cargoes of American rattle, the German prohibition against importation* of livestock and fresu meats from this country has ot.-.':: revived. It :s hop.-.I that Germany will soon become convinced that the inhibition is as needless as it is harinlu! to mutual interests. 'The German government has prob sted against that provision of the cusi i'ins tariff act which imposes a discriminating duty of one-teutn of 1 cent, a pound on sugars coming from countries pay.ng an export bounty thereon, claiming thai.- i-e.o exaction of sucli duty is iu contra svnt ion of Articles 5 anil 9 oi the treaty of 1828 with Prussia.

In the interests of the commerce of both countries and to avoid even tiie accusation of treat violation. I recommend the repeal ot so much of the statute as imposes that duty, ami I invite attention to tin* accompanying report oi. the, secretary of state containing a diso'.js.-i-ni of the questions raised by the* li'Tiinn protests, liehring Sen Troubles.

Early in fee pres.. lit year an agreement \sitn bi\'iii. urita.n concernmis to be given to tiie naval

was ivaei.e ing inli ne coniili: c.l oi ne '.V.w govern.m sit.s ill iiehriug sea and the contiguous .North Pacific ocean ior their guidance'in me execution o. iu- asvard oi tun Paris ir.buual of arbii 1-aLion and the enforcement of the ••regulations herein prescribed, lor ine protection oi seal liie in the svateis mentioned.

An understanding has also been reached for the payment by the United States of $423,000 in mil satisfaction if all claims Which may be made by Great Britain for damages grossing g^yt of the controversy as to fur seals in Behring sea, or the seizure Oi British vessels engaged in faking seal in those s\ ate. s. The award and findings of the Pari.-, li'uunal ,to a great extent determined the l.ict anil '"principles upon winch these eiauns-,-in)Uid i.e adju.-.leo, and they have been sajljceied by both governments to a tiiorougin examination upon the principles as well a lie facts wnieh they involve. am'ieon vineed that a sen lenient upon liie lerin'M mentioned would be an. equitable and ^advantageous one and 1 recommend tnat. provision be made, lor the, prompt pay menthol the staled .sum. .Tints lar, only h'rance and J'orfui al have signilied tiieir willingness to adhere to the regulations esta.blished under tin: award of the r.iiis tribunal ol' arbitration.

Preliminary surveys oi the Alaskan bouiinar.s and a preparatory examination of the question ot pi'.ote-t.i(ai o! ood !ish in he c.oi.i iiiiigioiis tters ol iie United States and the Domi.iiou wf Canada are ill progre.-s. .......

Hawaii.

Since communicating the voluminous correspondence in leg nil to Hawaii and the action taken by tin- senate and house Jut ,i. .-ri'ta. i\. j, oil t111 qit si lolls hubinuied to the judgment anil wider discretion of con g,"'ss the organization of a govern iient ill jd:lc.j of the. provisional arrangement which followed the deposition of the queen ha.- been aniiouneed with evider.ee of its i-ll'ective operation.

The recognition usual in siii'h cases has been accorded the new voverninent. Good will fosteied by many interests in common has marked 'otur relations with our ne .re-r. souih^ 'i nei^'ibor.

Peace beiu^ restored allong ner northern l'rqn{ i:r, Ivlexi-so uas aa.ked the puuish-

-4

ment of the late disturbers of hertranquilitj. There ought to be anew treaty of commerce and navigation with that country to tnke the place of the one which terminated 13 years ago.

The recent death of the G&ar of liussia called forth appropriate expressions of sorrow and sympathy on the part of our government with his bereaved family and the Russian people. As a further demonstration if-- vi and :.-ieiAissiin ou :r.i

Hl our go»"ei'Uiiit!iii. at ine luneral ''ereiuouies. T'l"1

:.i-.«tvst» oi I!11- -,JU in

A-'

in^ sea ae.. comi only to our o'.v:.. V{ P*» in tfl! ^OYiiVllLikClxO IVstrictive of poaching on the K'l^v'n rookeries and of sealing in waters wlnon were not comprehended in the protected an a d. ii rue Paris award.

Occasion has been found to urge upon the Hussiau government equality of treatment of our great liie insurance compabses whose operations have been extended throughout Europe.

Admitting, as we do, foreign corporations to transact business in the United States, we naturally expect no less tolerance for our own in the ample fields of competition abroad.

Hut few crises of interference naturalized citizens returning to Russia have been reported during the current ear. oia' Kizeiniuski was, aire-steU lu-ot summer iu a Polish province on a reported charge of unpermitted renunciation of itu -dan allegiance, brrt it transpired that the proceedings originate.] in aliegi :1 mall'efis.-.vx"? eoiuinured by Kryjniiiiski wbila .*!•• _m r: il oiliciai a number of years ago. Eiiorts for his release, which promised to be successful, were iu progress when his death was reported.

The goveriiiiieut ot Salvador having been overthrown by an abrupt popular outbreak, certain of it

military

:unl c:vi.'

oliicers, while hotly pursued by infuriate I insurgent?, sought resuge on board tho United. Stales warship Jienningtc*:. if lying in a Salvadorean ]iorL. Aitnough the practice of asyluiu is n-."* favotins government, yet in view oi the i.uuulieni pi rilwidch threatened

ity, they were alforded shelter by our naval commander, and when afterward demanded under our treaty of extradit. '•".i with Salvador for trial on ciuuge.s oi. murder, ar»'ou and robbery, 1 directed that such of them its had

not

Ou lijeir arrival at San Francisco such a proceeding was promptly instituted before the United States district judge, who hetU that the acts constituting the alleged olenses were political,

Although tiie alien intere.sfs arrayed against Nicaragua iu these transactions have been largely American, iind the commerce Li.at l.-g'.o for ou time has been and still is cuielly controlled by our citizens, w. cannot for that reason challenge the rigid fill.sovereignty of Nicaragua over this iUj ,.oi taut part oi her domain,.......

For some months one, an-1, during part of tiu* tunc, two, of our naval ships have been sleiioned at Biuefieids for the protection of ail legitimate interests of our citizens, in September last the governing nt at .'.liai'iuua expelled from its territoiy '. or more foreigners, including two American-, for alleged participation in -.it: seditious or revolutionary

movtm.' it-

agamst tiie republic at Hiue-

liel.ts a.ivau'. .e..uioIicd, iait through the 1.1 '•!,' iliUcUb i-iic wo .\ 11i*i iciiii ut-'cii poi-iuitted to return to the peaceful management of the!: I.-i ine. 'J ir navitl couimander.at the scene of those disturbances, by their cor.si cxhlbKiua ol lirmnt ss and good jtio.-iiH'iii, i-0i.L»iiuU.d liii'.v-ty to the prevention of more serious consequences and to tiie restoration ol quiet and order.

The N iearagua authorities, having givtiii notice of lorfeiiure oi tiieir concession to the canal company on grounds purely technical and not embraced in the contract, have receded from that position.

Armenian ylaughter.

In my last annual message I adverted'to the claim on the part of Turkey of the right in expel, as persons undesirable and dangerou-, Armenians nal uralmed in the United Mair.s and retunnng to lurkisn jurisdiction. Numerous questions in tuis relat ion have arisen.

While tins government acquiesces in the asserted right expulsion it will not consent that Armenians may be imprisoned or otherwise punished tor no other reason than having acquired without imperial consent American cit.z.'uskiip,.

Three of the assailants of Miss Melton, an American teacner in Mosul, have been convicted by the Ottoman courts, and I am advised the.' an appeal against the acquittal of the remaining five has been taken by the Turkish prosecuting officer.

A convention has been concluded witli Venezuela for the arbitration of a ,loug disputed claim growing out of the seizure

of cei

ain vessels, lie property of citizens

of the

United Status.

Sumuait A trains

In my last annual message, referred briefly to the unsatisfactory staf of a/fairs in S=iinoa toiler the operation of the Berlin Lroatv, as sigiiaily illustrating the impolicy of entangling alliances witn foreign posvei's and oil May 9, 1 ill resjjonSe to resolution of the senate, 1 Sent a special message and documents to that body on the same subject, which emphasized my previously expressed opinions.

Later occurrences, the correspondence in regard to v/men sviil be laid before conm"--, fu'tia'C demonstrate tear the government which was devised by the tlirte. nosve'.'s and forced upon the' Samoans auainst i.heir inveterate hostility can pe i»T iiiiained only by the continued uicsencc of foreign military rorce and at no small sacrifice of life: and treasure.

The supbre.ssioh o- hu Mataiifa insurrection by the powers, .and the subsequent banish.ment oi tie* iead.-r .uid 11 other cliiel s, a- rec!.. in my iast message, did i:o 1 jr'ng la-ling peine to tee islands.

Formidable bi-ri-ings cohtinu 1. and fined-, a ii-'. 11 11 otve cut in tin: Capital l.-iaud. I, pola, ht'.idcil in Aana, the wester. di'irico, by tiu: younger Tamasesc, and in Ai.ua. the eastern ih.Hirici, by other leaders.

Tee insiirgt ids ravaged t.ie country and fought the L... eL'ula. I\l trooj.s np to the w.v ooors o! A pi t. The i.ing .-. .aiu apj.,'s* it tne bowers for hap. ,-tiid the -d ij.'-ti-h .ud (lerma.n naval foic.

-S

ltdI.

"J«1

the .-vtuaus to tippai eut

4/^'

subjection, not, however, without oeaslderable loss to tiie natives. A few davs later Tamace.se and his adheranto, fearing the ships and the marines, professed sub-

Reports received from our agents at Apia do not justify the belief chat the peace thus brought about will be of long duration. It is their conviction that the natives are at heart hostile to the present governam such, of them as profess loyalty io 't oo so from fear of the powers, ami that it wouid speedily go to pieces if the w,..ships wt withdrawn.

Ctiuilitiou of the Treasury.

7!.o -.-wt U«ry ol the treasury reports that tne receipts of the government troui all sources of revenue during the fisciil year ending June 30, 1894, amounted to $M7' S02 29, and its expenditures to J-i-ri,^n/.j,iuo.oi, leaving a deUcit of §09,803,2ti0.58.

There was a decrease of $15,952,674.00 in the ordinary expenses of the government, as comna-ed with the fiscal year 1893.

There svas collected from customs 1131,8l8,o.iu.G-, anil from internal revenue $147.-Iljs,-i49.7J. The balance of the income for the yeur, amounting to -®93.81-5,517.97, svas derived from Lae sales oi hinds and other HOU rCrS. '•'ne va.irteof c.ir total du'iable imports amounted to ^275,lwy.uyQ, being §146,657,625 less than during the preceding year, and L-uo i!!,portal-io.is free of duty amounted to $079,795,530, being 6t)4,748,07 less than during the preceding year. The receipts from customs were £73,030,460.11 less, and from internal revenue $13,830,53i 'J7 le.-s t!j .,. iu -i'.i."i. '['he totrd tcollected from distilled spirits was $£5,25',),250.25 ou manufactured tobacco, $28.017,8:'8.02, and on fermented liquors, $31,414,783.04.

Our exports of merchandise, domestic and foreign, amounted during the year to $695,1-10,572, being au increase over the preceding year of $44,405,375.

Tne total amount of gold exported during the fiscal year was $76,898,061 as against 1

1-U

the

and solt ly from considerat

lugilives.

ions

hii'.'."

voluntarily ielt the

ship be conveyed to one

our ner.rest

ports where a hearing could be had before a judicial officer in compliance with the terms of the treaty.

and

discharged 1

the accused except one Cienl'uegos._who Avas held for an attempt to murder. Thereupon, I was constrained to direct !.:s lease, for the reason that an attempt to murder was not one of the crimes charged against him, and upon which his surrender to the Salvadorean authorities had been demanded.

The lil ueflelds Imbroglio.

Prominent among the questions of the year was the jJiuefiel.is incident, ill what is known as the Mosquito Indian strip, border:i'.'" Atlantic ocean and wit.iin tne jurisdiction of Nictiragua. 13y the tre..ty of lb(30 between Great Britain and Nicaragua the former government expressly recognized the sovereignty of the latter over tiie strip, and a limited form of nongovernment was guar iiiteed to the Mosquito Indians, to be exercised according to their customs, for themselves and other dwellers within its limits.

Early in the past year efforts of Nicaragua to maintain sovereignty over tho Mosquito territory led to serious disturbances, culminating in the suppression oi the native government and the attempted substitution of an impracticable composite administration in which .Nicaragua a 'd a! re-id .-uts were to participate._

Failure was followed by an insurrection, which for a time .subverted Nscaragiian rule expelling her ofiicers 1 restoi dig tiie old organizaiion. Tiiis in turn gave place to tiie eXisi u. local "overnuieiit established and upheld by Nicaragua.

-.,oS0,44i during the fiscal year 1893. 'the amount imported svas $72,449,119 as again* $21,171,381 during the previous year.

The imoorts of silver were $13,28o,552and tire exports were $5'J,4ol,205. The total bounty paid upon the production of sugar in the United States for the fiscal year svas S12,100,208.89, being an increase of &j,725,078.01 over the payments made during the preceding year.

Tne amount of bounty paid from July 1, 1894, to Aug. 28, 18,14, the time when further payments ceased by operation of lasv, svas 5900,185.84. The total expense incurred in the payment of the bounty upon sugar during tiie fiscal year was $130,140.85.

It is estimated that upon the basis of the present revenue, .laws the receipts of the government during the present liscal year Gliding June 30, .1895, will be 1424,427,T4S.44, and its expenditures $444,427,748.44, resulting in a deficit of $20,000,000.

The first day of November, 1894, the total stock of money of all kinds in the country was &i,42u,773,888, as against $2,204.651,U00 on the first day of November, Jb93, and the money of all kinds.in circulation, or ndt included in the treasury foldings, was 81,072,09^,4^2, or ?24:27'pe.r capita upon an estimated population o£ 68,887,000. At the same date there was' held in the trirasuiy gold bullion amoudting-'to $44,615.177.55, and silver bullion, which, was purchased at a cost of $127,779,988.

Tne purchase of silver bullion under the act of uiy 14, 1890, ceased ou the 1st day of November, 1893, and up to that time there had been purchased during the fiscal year 11.917,658.70 fine ounces at a cost of $8,^15,521.32, au .average cast of $0.7313 per fine' ounce. The total' amount of silver purchased from ihe time that lasv took elfect until the repeal of its purchasing clause, on the date .last mentioned, was If18,074,682.53 fine ounces, sviiieh cost $155,r 931,002.25, the average price per fine ounce being $0.92-11.

Tne total amount of standard silver dollars coined i:i the mints of the Uuited States since tne passage of the act of Feb. 28, 1878T is $421,776,408, of which $378,166,793 were, coined under the provisions ot that act, $38,531,143 under the provisions ot the uci. of July 14, 1880, and $5,078,472 under the act providing fur the coinage of trade dollar bullion.

The tonal coinage of all metals at our mints during the last fiscal year consisted of (io,48:".229 pieces, valued at $105,210,730.06, ot svinch there wiye $99,474,912.50 in gold coined, $758 in standard silver dolours, $0,024,140.30 in subsidiary sils-er coin, and $710,919.20 in minor coin.

During -the. calendar. year 1893 the production of precious metals in tne United States was estimated at 1,739,323 line ounces o' gold, of the commercial and coinage valuA of $35,955,000, and 60,000,000 fine ounces of silver of the bullion or market value of $46,800,000 and of the coinage value of $77,576,000. It is estimated that on the first day of July, 1894, the stock of metallic money in the United States, consisting of coin itnd bullion, amounted to $1,251,64*.).9oS, of svhich $027,92a, 201 was ii aud £021,347,7 7 was silver.

Fifty national banks were organized during the year ending Oot. 31, 1894, with a capital of $5,285,000, and 79 with a capital of $10,475,000 went into voluntary l:(o.,:rifUi'i". '•.'v»e ty-ou banks, with a capital oi $5,770,000 were placed in the

hands

of receivers. The total number of national bauka in existence on the 31st day Oi October lust svas 3.750, being 40 less than ou .»he 31st day ot October, 1893. 'Ihe ce. iiial stock paid in was $072,071,365, being $9,6r8.491 less than at- the same time in the previous year, and ilie surplus lund and undivided promts, less expanse and taxes pa.d, amounted to $3.14,121,082.10, svinch svas $10,089,780: less than on October 31, 1893.

Tiie circulation svas decreased $l,731,o63. The obligations of the inks to each other were increased SI 17,26S,"34, ar.d "-lie individual deposits,svere *278,2'.M.4S9 iess t-miu at .v.c year. Loans and discounts svere $U1,200,923 more than at the same time the previous. ear, anil cm cks anil ot i.er easn items svere $90,349.'.'OH more. The total resources of tiie baiiKs at the. dan- _mentioned amounted to $3,47o,9:."~:,u55, .is against $H, 109,5.03,284.30 in l'?U3.

Secrettti-y of War's.lie-port.

From the report of -tne .secretary of war it appears that the sti-engtuof tne army on Sept. 3.0, 1894, was 2,185 officers and 25,705 enlisted men. Although-this is apparently a very ,siight decfeaso' compared witn tiie previous year, the actual-effecti ve force has been increased, to the \jyui vale'.it of nearly vo regiments throuich the reorganization of tiie system of recruiting, and tne consequent release to regimental duty of the large l'orcu of men hitherto serving at the recruiting departments. Tne abolition of these uep/irtineiiL.s, it is predicted, will furthermore effect an annual reduction approximating $250,000 in tne direct, expenditures, besides promoting generally tiie health, moral and discipline of the troops.

The execution of the policy of concentrating trie army at important centers of population and transportation, foreshadow eu in tne J^-.st. annual r--port of the secretary, has reo"alted iu the abandonment of 15 of the sipaller uosts, which svas efI'eciVd under a. plan which assembles organizations of the same regimen is hitherto wideiy 'eufir deil. This render.-, our small forces more readily ell. ct ise tor any si- rsrice which they may be c..ilcd upon to perform. nci'ea.-e.s ihe extent ol the ten iiory UhHer protection without diminishing t.ie scour iv heretolore atiorde.l to any lo-

':oi'j).s

and

CO I I:- 1 1

I posts through aets of congress to gratify 1 the ambitions or interests of Jecalities. While the laoxiinum legal strength of the armj,„ is, 25,000 men -the~jiilectlve ^trefigtH", through various causes, is but little oyer 20,0u0. men.. The .purpose of coiigre^i dotis not, (therefore, seem to be I fully'- AfefeaiuW "by the existingcdndition.

While no considerable increase in the I army is, in my judgment, demanded by 7'ecciit events, the policy of sea coast tortiilcations, in tne. oroseoutioii of which sve iiave b«en steadily engaged for some years, has sr, far developed as to suggest that the effective strength of the army be nosv made at least equal to the legal strength.

It- is hardly necessary to recall the lact that in obedience to the commands of the constitution and the lasvs, and for the purpose of protecting the property ot the United States, aiding the process of lederal courts and removing lawless obstructions to tne performance by the government of its legitimate functions, it became necessary ui various localities during the year to employ a considerable portion of the regular troops. The duty svas discharged promptly, courageously and svith marked cdscretiou by the oliicers and men, and the most gratifying proof svas thus afforded that the army deserves that complete confidence in its efficiency and discipline .emeu the country has at all times nianifested. I i'iiw repoiiis of militia inspections by regular army oliicers shosv a marked increase in interest and eUicieucy among the state organizations, and I strongly reeommend a continuance of the policy of affording every practical encouragement

possible to this important auxiliary of our military estabiishment. The skill and industry of our ordnance oliicers anil inventors have, it is believed, overcome the mechanical obstacles svhich I have heretofore delayed the armament of our coasts and this great national undertaking upon whicn sve have entered may nosv proceed as rapidly as congress shall determine. With a supply of iiuished guns of large caliber ou hand, to svhich adilitions siiould nosv rapidly follow, the svisI doin of providing carriages and eniplacements for their mount can not be too strongly urged.

iMii.iO.e.:, .ne .. .1 :ie, Ira.ning I'ij, de

oi ne army,

TIlOU

the iVSt l.im.: I- ill Si '11 cm. int.-.

careiui matured tne be.-t and greatt

besi-rles

aids decreasing tiie cost of its .a hoc. I lie forces of the department of i-cv-been somewhat increased, nan riree louri us of tiie army is

the Mississippi, policy, which severs ice in tiie hare from tiie

!cne" e-i-'iprisM-'r reeulu,' army, 1 iioi if -., o.e,hties.-,Iy .iifiaria.s.si.d cie, t,on ui nesv and uuuc-ce.-sarv

Department of Justice.

The report of the attorney general notes the gratilying progress made by the supreme court in overcoming the arrears of its business and in reaching a condition in which it will be able to dispose of cases its they arise without any unreasonable delay. This result is, of course, very largely due to the successful working of the plan inaugurating circuit courts of appeals.

In respect to these tribunals tne suggestion is made, in quarters entitled to the highest consideration, that an additional circuit judge for each circuit would greatly strengthen these courts and the coiiiideuce reposed in their adjudications, and tnat such au addition would not create a greater force of judges than the. increasing business of such courts require. I commend the suggestion to the careful consideration of the congress.

Other important topics are adverted to in the report, accompanied by recommendations, many of which have been treated at large in previous messages, and at this time, therefore need ouly .be named. I refer to the abolition of the fee system as a nieasure of compensation to federal officers the enlargement of the powers of Uuited States commissioners, at least in the territories, the allowance of writs of error in criminal cases ou behalf of the United States and the establisment of degrees iu the crime of murder.

A topic dealt with by the attorney general of much, importance is the condition of.the administration of justice in the Indian Territory. The permanent solution of what is called the Indian problem is probably not to be expected at once, but meanwhile such ameliorations of present conditions as the existing system will admit of ought not.to be neglected. .Iain satisfied there should be, a federal court established for the territory svith sufficient judges that this court should sit svir.hiu tne'orri'ory and have Ine same jurisdiction as to territorial affairs as is nosv vested in the federal courts sitting in Arkansas and Texas.

It is not my purpose at this time to repeat the considerations which make an impregnable case in favor of the ownership and .management by the government of the penal, institutions, iu svhich federal prisoners .are confined. I simply desire to again urge former recommendations on the subject.

FostoSlce AiTairti.

The report of the postmaster general presents a comprehensive statement of the operations of tne postollice department for the iast fiscal year. I The receipts of the department during the year amounted to $75,080,470.04, and I the expenditure to $84,324,414.15. I The total number of postoffices in the

United States on the, 3oth day of June, I 1894, was 69,805, an increase of 1,4')3 over the -preceding year. Of these 3,428 svere presidential, an increase in that class of 68 oyer the preceding year.

Six hundred and ten cities and towns are I provided svith free delivery. Ninety-three other cities and towns entitled to this service under the lasv have not been accorded it on account of insufficient funds.

O a

I Attention is called to the report of the secretary ot the navy, svhich shows very gratifying progress in the construction of ships for our nesv navy. Ail the vessels nosv building, including the three torpedo boats authorized at the last session of qongress, and excepting t.lie first class battleship losva, svill probably be completed during the coming liscal year.

The estimates lor the increase of the navy for the year ending Jiune 30, 1896,' are large, but they include practically the entire sum necessary to complete and equip

all the nesv ships not now in commission, so tnat unless new ships are authorized

the appropriation- for tne naval service for the, ii.sca! yj..r ei.di-.i,' .iuiit 3-.i, loU7, Mi.uuiu fall below the estimates ior the coming I year by at least $12,000,000.

The secretary presents svit.h much earnestness a plea ivr. the authorization ol three additional battleships ami 10 or 12 I torpedo boats. While tiie unarniored vessels heretofore .authorized, including those I now hearing completion, svill constitute a

fleet, svhich, it is believed, is sufficient for ordinary erasing purposes in time of peace we have now completed.aud iu process of construction, but. lour first class battleships aud but lew torpedo boats. .. .. I I If we are to have a nas'y for warlike operations,.offensive and defensive, sve certaiuly ought to increase bot.o the number of battle siiiprs a:id.torpedo boats. I The manufacture of armor requires expensive plant and the aggregation of many skilled svorkineu. All the armor necessary to complet" the vessels nosv building will I be delivered before the 1st of June next.

I feel it my imperative duty to call at: tention to the recommendation of the secretary in regard to the personnel of' the lino of the navy. The stag nation of promotion iu this, the vital branch of the service, is so great as to seriously, impair its efficiency. ,- I I consider if of the utmost importance

that tiie young-and middle-aged oilicers should beiore the eve ol retirement be permitted to reac'i a grade entitling them to active and Miportiuit duty.

The .system ae.opted a tesv years ago regulating employment of labor at the navy yards is risiidiy upheld, and has ui ly uenioi.strateil its usefulness aud expi.-

dieucs.

]n(i ior.

The report oft he .n-e,retary ol tne interior exhibits the situation of the numerous and interest ing branches oi liie public scrs'ioe connected svith his department., 1 commend tn is report and I he valuable reeomuieiidai ions of the secretary to tiie careful I attention «»f tiie congress. The public land

disposed

of during tiie year amounted to

30,4-utt, io0.57 acres, including 28.870.l5 of Indian larrds. I It is est i:i a tod. the public domain I uit Ji p•.ji*ijmi)• m*1' *it t.o ii lilli'j inorei than 0!).',000,bi:i acres, excluding, however, about 3tv!,OL.O,'jOO acres in ^vhu-iiva, a» *ell

as military reservations and railroad and other selections of lands yet unadjudicated. "The total'cash receipts from sale of lands amounted to $2.674,2a5.79, including $91,981.03 receis'ed for Indian lands.

At the close of the last fiscal year, on the 30th' day 6i Juiie, 1894, there were 969,544 persons oil our. pension rolls, being a net inravaise of 3,382 over the nuaibor reported til ttK' '.'tK. o- '.'-ic yr-ai.

Tneso pensioners maj* be classified as follows: Sold'crs and sailors, survivors of «11 wars. i5.!,'J.is widows aud re:iir1V'.- di deceased sonuers, 215.1o2 army nurses in the war ot tue reii'-iiiou, 4i4. Ot these pensioners. 32,039 are surviving soldiers of Indian and other wars prior to the late civil svar, and the wiilosvs or relatives of such soldiers. 'Ihe remainder, numbering 937.505. are receiving pensions on account ol the svar of tiie rebellion, anil of these 409.3-14 are oil the rolls under the authority ot ihe act of June 7, 181:0, sometimes calieu the dependent. pen ion lasv.

Tiie total amount expended for pensions during the year svas$139,804,481.'Jo, leaving:, an unexpended balance from the sum appropriated of $::.},205,712.05. 'ine sumi: necessary to meet pension expend it ui •. for the year ending June 30, liS«/G, is estimated at $140,000,000.

The Ctmi ..i!.,- !t..iei" of peh'do.,- is oi .1:^: opinion tliar the year 1»03, being thirtieth after the close of tne svar of ". ne rebellion must, according to sens.lde' human calculation see the Highest- lii.i.t ot" the pension roll, and that after that year-'-' it mu.-t- begin to i• •!i/••

Ti-e claii..s in ine bureau huveg decreased more than 9i,oijy uuring tnef year. A large pr..portion of he new claimsfiled are for increased pension by t-hoie nosv on the rolis.

The number of certificates issued was 8'i,2i3. Tne names dropped l'ro..i tiie rolls for all causes during the year numbered 37 -'el.

A Dioiig our pen-loners are bine widows and l.aree daughters of soldiers oi ine r« oliition aud 45 sui vivors of the svar of 1812.

Tiie barefaced aud extensive pension frauds exposed under the direct-ion of lie* courageous ami generous veteran sold.er nosv at the head of the bureau leave no room for the claim that no purgation or our pension roiis ,w,- ueede.i, or that ol»-..' tinued vigilance tind prompt action are not necessary to the same end.

The. accusation that an effort to detect pension frauds is evidence of unfriendliness toward our worthy veterans and a de--nial of their claims to the generosity of the government, suggests an unfortunate indifference to tiie commission of any olfense svhich has for its motive the securing of a pension, and indicates a svillingness to be blind to the existence of mean and trecherous crimes svhich play upon demagogic fv ars and make sport of the patriotic iuioui.se of a grateiui people. .Report ou Agriculture.

The secretary of agriculture in his report reviews t.ne operations of his department for the

last

Tne exports of agricultural products from the United States for the liscal ear) ending .June :0, 189-1, amounted to yi-o,-303,038, being 72.'M per cent of American-.-. exports of every description, and net United Kingdom of Great Britain took" more than 54 per cent of ail farm products finding foreign markets.

Tne department of agriculture has undertaken during the year tsso new and important lines ot research. 'The first relatesto grasses and forage piums ss u.. -ine purpose of instructing and tamiiiai'-c lzing the people as to the distinctive grass-: es ol tile Unitid Stales ami t.-a'diihg .e how to introduce valuable foreign forage plants which niiiy be adapted to this couiH try.

The second relates to agricultural

seem

fiscal year anil makes

rec

ommendations for the lurtuer extension of its usefulness, lie reports a saving iu expenditures during the year of i'000,000, whicn is covered back into the treasury.% Tins sum is 23 per cent of the entire appropriation.

A special study has been made of the demand tor American larm products in all foreign markets, especially Great Britain. That country received from the United Stares during the nine months ending Sept. 30, 1894, 305,910 lis'e beef cattle, sralued at $20,500,000 against 182,011 cattle,' valued at $16,634,000, during the same period for 1S93.

During tho first six months of 1894 tiie United Kingdom took, also, 112,0 0.000 pounds o:'(ires.s.sed beef from the United States, valued at nearly $10,000,000. Tiie report shosvs that during the nine months immediately preceding Sept. 30, 1894, lilt: United States exported to Great Britain 222,070,000 pounds of pork of apples, l,!'i.)0.U bit.- aois, v«aU^ at V2,.30v,o00 ...e 1 oi horses, 2,811, at an average value of $150 per head.

There is a falling off in American wheatg exports of 13,500,OOt) bushels, tnd the secretary is inclined to believe that wheat may not. in tne future be the staple export cereal product of our country, but that corn will continue to advance in importance as an export on account, of the nesv uses to svhich it is constantly being appropriated.

soils

and crop production involving the an.' sis of samples of

soils fro.il

ah sections

tiie American Union to demonstrate theirl adaptability to particular plants audcrons.

The amount appropriated for the sveather bureau was $901,100. Of that sum $138,500, or 14 per cent, has been saved ana is returned to the treasury.

Klei until CvUHiis.

The completion of the lltli census is nosv in charge of the commissioner of labor. The total disbursement ou account of Lne fiscal year ending June 30, 1804, amounted to $10,305,07(5.81. At the close of tne year the number of persons employed in the census oifiee wa.s69. At present there are about -it/0.

The svhole number of volumes necessary to comprehend the 11th census svill be 25, anil.they svill contain 22,270 printed pages. The assurance is cuniiuently made that before the close, of the present calendar year the material, still incomplete, svill be practically in hand and the census can certainly be closed by the 4tll of March, 1895. After that the res'isiou and proof reading necessary-to bring out the volumes will still be required. .... JLAbor Commission.

By virtue of a statute of the United Suites passed in 1888, I appointed in July last Hou. John .10. Kernan of the state of New York aud Hon. Nicholas E. VVortnington of the state of dlliuois to form with lion. Carroll D. Wright, eommihsioner of labor, who was designated by said statute a' commission for the. purpose of making careful inquiry into the. causes of the controversies between certain railroads and their employes, svhich had res-uited in an extr usive and destructive strike, accompanied by much violence aud dangerous disturbance, svith considerable loss of life and great destruction of property.

Tiie report of the commissioners has been submitted to ine and svill be transmitted to the congress wij.li tho evidence taken upon their investigation.

Their work has been well done and their standing ami intelligence give assurance that the report anil suggestions they make are worthy of careful consideration. 'i'»irilV.

The. tariff act. passed at the last session of the cot.'re-s ui1 ds important amendments ii it is to be executed effectively and with certainty. In addition to sueh necessarv amendments as svill not change ratesof duly, 1 am still very decidedly in favor of puiting coal and iron upon the, tree list..

So far as the sugar soiiedule is concerned, I would be glad, uudecexiscing aggra vat ions, to see every particle of. differ-, ential duty in favor oi refined sugar stricken out of our tin iff lasv. If svith all thefavor now accorded' the sugar 'refining interest. iu our tariff lasv* it still' languishes to he v.em oii clos.id evfinerier ami choiisauos o: ills ••largeil svorkmen. it would

x? SS&SST"*'

present a hopeless case foe reason

able legislative aid. Whatever else is done or omitted, I earnestly repeat hrre the recommendation I have made in another -o-i of thhs communication that trie addtional dut/ of one-tenth ot a cent per pound, lail upon sugar imported from countries pitying a bounty on its export, be abrogated. It Peeiti- to me r.b'it ""ant

With th" s»d\-ej«r O' rtnv* T"-':r ii-'V-cy •I'M

emiiiat'"! i-'-pi-v

sun.ei-s oi our laud in the r.-ist of ..... ..-..iopnienL ol Ai:i.'i'ii'i'..i thru I and create for ua closr'i' and more pro'itao.e conn. 1, na.n relations svith the rest of the svorld, it fol.bv.vs is a o: ie:il uid mio-ira .ity t.i.li we should. 1'inaiiei).

During the last mouth t! j"'!'1 served in the treasure tor Lne purpose o:' redeeming the notes oi the government circulating as money 1:1 the hands of tue people became so reduced, and its further depletion ill tiie near iuture seemed so certain that", tin tiie exere'se oi proper care for h. public \s« Ifare it became necessary to mpleuish tl.) ]•'. -'.'V-: ".rr1, thus dar faii ii in tire ai.-iiity and dtiLeMui.- ..I e.ui of it he government to meet, as agreed, its olg.g.itiolis.

Ii 11:11«1 have been v\.!l!f iu t!i enier1*'.-' •i"U( auihority had evisied to i.-su-* the. '•bonds of n-' governm.-nt :aa losv rate of interest ami maturing' svif.nin a 'soeciad period but tin-

c«'ig!

li.ivitig

iailetl to ihier -iicii aut ei.'ity, -.,'as gji -t-ess:., had t.o tne re»umi ti-..M act of |1875, and. pursuant to its provisions, bonds {were issued drawing inter, st at. i.te d- of 5 rfper cent per annum and maturing iu years 'after their iss-jjiig, tlmt '"•-•j '..-I"!- '..'"t*st ?A:me authori/.ell by the act. ~I .-..a glad to vas, howes'er. that ou tne sale tuese dii.ntls the premium received operated to rid'ice the rate of interest to be paid by %the government to less titan 3 l-'in.J redemption or i.e ... of :.the cui-reucy obligation no-.v rep. alediy ami consiaiit iy

the

gosernment its gc.dd, am! as loeg as no bet I er atuhoriiy for bond issues is ,'llc"."ed than at present exists, such autiiorn.y will bi utilized svhenever arid as often as it beecontes necessary to maintain a stif.'. /ant %old I'es.-rse and in a bun

'.v.-

i: eivo

the credit, of otir country and make good Sthe iinancial declarations of our government.

Questions relating to our banks and curreney ai'e closely coiiiieeteil ss'itli ti.e, subject just referred to, and they also present some unsatisfactory features.

Prominent among them are the hick of elasticity in our currency circulation and its frequent concentration in rlminei"! centers svhen it is most needed :u ..tiier parts of the countrv. Tiie itbsolute divorcement of the government from the biv.i of ^banking is the itleal relationship oi the government to the circulation of the currency of the country.

This condition can not be immediately reached but as a step in that direction and :is a means of securing a more e!:,v*tio curr. ncy and obviating other objections to the pi'eseuL arrangement, of bank ciroulagtion. the sccr"rary of the treasury pf*»-.»iit# 3n his import a scheme modifying present ^banking laws and providing for me ssuo of re'd i*••._ notes by ,r.e b.in.4 free from taxation uuder certain limuations.

The secretary explains his so plainly aiid its advahtages are doreioped by him with such remarkable clearness, that any effort on my part to preseut ar"gument in its support would be superfluous I shall, ther-',\".re, content myself witn an unqualified indorsement of the re a os ha in a rand a

brief

and imiierfect st itement of

.•their proiuinent features. It is proposed to rep.ill all lasv.- ptoviding for the ilejiosit of Unirod States bonds as security for circulation, to permit, national banks to issue circulating notes not exceeding in amount 75 per cent of their t.a: ui' iiud unimpaired cpll-d tded -aney deposit with the yovtruuieut, as a guarantee fund, iu United States legal stender notes, including trens'ar,, i^otes of '-'.io, a sit.u equal in amount to eill per cent, of the noi-.s toey desire to isf.Hiie, this deposit to be maintained at all times, but sviienever any bank rei.i.v

any

part ot its c.reulnt ou a ^.'upoi'tejnai part of it guarantee fund shall be returned to .it: to p.-.•mi fde se-re :u .if the ueusury to pi el),ire SUtl keep on hard r«ady for i-sue in case an increase in .circulation is desired blank naitioiad :uik noies for each bank havmg cir 'it! diou and to r-'p-al l!i^ j)ro.i.visitiii.s of tiie pre.-ent law imjio-ing iimitaIftions and restrici-ions upon banki "Ur*iriug to retieiee or ii.crease their circulation— -thus perniittin.- such increase or reduction jhvithin the limit of 75 per cent of capital to febe quickly tn.id" as omerg'jucie.H arise.

In addition to the guarantee fund required. it

proposed to provide a safety

u::d for iie immediate redemption of the circuiat ing notes of failed banks, by im!Hishei .—ee. a.'i*.'!:*l ... i'*», o.ie of 1 pet cent, '.ne avcing-.' circulation of seach bank until the fund amounts to 5 per 'teen-, of: -e tfi '1 circulation ourstji.i.liiig.

WL'.-i, a bank fails iu guarantee fund in .*, i:. aid inlo this fluid arid its 1 a: 1 .:i liiO ui'KC IU-i.t.-.nce from sueh safety fund thus augmented and impairment of such fund "caused thereby to lje made good from othe immediately available cash assets of -said bank, and it' these should be insufficient such impairment to be made good bypro rata assessment among the banks, their contributions constituting a first lieu upon the assets of the failed bank in lavor of the contributing banks.

As a further security it is contemplated that the existing provision fixing the individual liability of stockholders is to be retained, and the bank's indebtedness, on account, oi its circulating notes, is to be made a first, lien on all Us 1'ortiie purpose of niietin^ tne_ expense of printing no: 's official suners'ision, cancellation aiui other like charges there shall be imposed a tax of say one-hall ol 1 per cent per annum upon the average amount of notes in circulation.

It is further provided that there shall be no national bank notes issued of a less denomination than $10. That each national bank, except in case of a failed bank, shall redecnr or retire its notes in the first instance at its osvn office or at agu-neies to bo designated by it, that no fixed reserve need be maintained on account of deposits.

Another very important feature of this plan is the exemption of state banks from taxation by the United Statf.s in cases where it is shown to the satisfaction ot the secretary of the treasury and comptroller of the currency by banksolaiminx sueh exemption that they hss'e not had out standing their circulating notes exceeding"" 75 per cent of their paid up and unimpaired capital that their stockholders -are individually liable for the redemption ol their circulating notes to the full extent ot their ownership of stock that the liability of said banks upon tiieir circulating notes const.itutes uiiiler tuoir state lasv a first lien upon their assets that such banks have keptand maintained a guar -.utee rtimi in United Sr-atr, legal tender notes, including trea.-ury notes of 1890 equal to 30 per cent of their outstanding circulating notes, and that «uch banks have promptly redeemed their envulal-ing notes svhen presented at their principal or branch offices.

It is quite likely that this scheme may be usefully amended in some ot its details, but am satisfied it fn• tvshe-, a Imsis l'or a very great improvement in our present banking and currency .system.

I conclude this com mil uic.it ion folly apprech'.i tag tnat. the respousibiliiy lor ail h_,isiation affecting the people of the United States rests upon their representatives in the congress, and assuring them that svhe.ther in accordance svith recommendations have made or not I shall be glad to on-operate in pel-fuel.!ng any legislation that tends to the prosperity aud welfare of our count rv.

OiUOVhlU CLIkVKl.AND. ,v

Excculiva Mansion, Dec. 3,