Fiery Cross, Volume 3, Number 42, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 August 1924 — Page 6
Czechs, Attaining Political Freedom.
Turn From Pope to Protestant Beliefs Number of Roman Catholics in New Republic Decreases 10 Per Cent Czechoslovak Church Preserves Religious Traditions of the Hussites and Bohemian Brethren Hapsburg Monarchy Leaves Little Trace of One Time Domination of Worship of People.
. 7 - LHiuAUO, III., August 12. Prof.
cuuruuur to tne rpnsna nt hohnmrv i r iqi a men a m oho snn nf fii rt-nivw.
distribution of the population of Czechoslovakia is as follows : sly , Chicas' America's greatest
10,384,833 are Roman Catholics, 535,543 Greek Catholics, 990,319 Protestants (all denominations), 525,333 belong to the Czechoslovak church, 73,097 are Russian Orthodox, 354,342 are Jews, 721,507 are without confession, and 2,119 are unknown. Wiien the Czechoslovak Republic attained its independence, considerable changes took place in the religious distribution of its population. The number of Roman Catholics decreased by 10 per cent in the years 1912-1921, that of the Greek Catholics decreased by 10 per cent also, while the number of followers of the Russian Orthodox church increased a thousand times and when the new Czechoslovak church was constituted a greater part of the population left the Catholic church to join this new church. These figures have this significance: in the years 1911-1921 the number of Roman Catholics decreased by 1,290,915 ; that of Greek Catholic by 60.097 ; the number of Protestants was increased by 86,173 in BohemiaJVIoravia and Silesi&rthe newlyformed Czechoslovak and the Orthodox churches acquired 525,332 and 69,645 followers, respectively, and the number of per-
Duns vtimuui any cumession increased Dy Yz4,503
The main cause of these changes
Is to be found In the resistance of a certain part of the Czechoslovak people (especially in Bohemia) to the, Roman Catholic church, which, before and during the war represented the church of he djjninating Hapsburg dynasty. The Czechoslovak people, preserved by means of their churches and history the traditions of the Hussites and the Bohemian brethren, and returned to that church from which their ancestors were forcibly separated by Emperor Ferdinand II after his victorious battle at White Mountain in 1620. Croat New Church These traditions have Influenced
the creation of the Czechoslovak
ally, not yet ouite clear
mia, its general tendencies are Prot
estant while in Moravia it is bent more toward orthodox dogmatism. Representing these tendencies are Bishop Farsky and Bi3hop Horazf'avlik, respectively. Lose Wore Than Million
Tfie Czechoslovak National Assembly classified by legislation the position of the Catholic church in civil
life. Thus, for instance, it has set
tied the question of divorce and separation: it has solved the religious Question in schools hv remnvino- the
religious Instruction from the higher
classes In Latin and technical
schools, and by resolving that chil
ui me zecnosiovaK ; "iJV "J iouniug niciL ciiuchurch, which gathered in its ranks dren must not be forced to attend . .1 . . . 1 Vl,.rnV,nn ....... 41. ! . a
umiij' sL-tuuus ui ine people 10 wnom the transition from Catholicism to
I'rotestantiBm seemed - to be foo
! Some Questions, such as the senara
i HOT! nf t Iva nl.n.h rmA ctn... 1
- m iinm oirt-uiiHl ii) ue IOO i "k "-" auu Didie nave as
abrupt. On January 23, 1919, a con- vet been left unsolved as their solu
ventlon of 475 Catholic clergymen assembled in Prague. In their resolutions this convention proposed that the mother-tongue be introduced into
ceremonials Instead of Latin: the
culties in the new national assem
bly
tions of 1920 when the Catholic Peo
ples Party, having at its disposal
FAMOUS SCIENTIST
PLANNING TO QUIT
Prof. Albert A. Michelson Will
First Complete Measurement of Light Speed
physicist and the first rientisf
reared in this country to be awarded
tne xooei prize, is going to retire as soon as his present research on
measuring the speed of light has
ueen completed, a aispatcn rrom Los Angeles states that he made
this announcement at the Mount Wilson conservatory in California, Where a lare-A staff rf rniiuprcifv
men and government engineers are
COndUCtine extensive exneriments
under his directions.
"I shall be 72 vears old within s
few months," Prof. Jdichelson explained-. "I feel that I have earned
a rest and that the present genera
tion or mankind has received some service from me. If our present research is finished within a year, I shall retire."
Has Many Honor9 The veteran scientist's discoveries in physics have won him membership in the French academy and the Royal Society of Eneland. besides
many medals and other international
nonors. Prof. Michelson, a native of Germany, came to this country as a boy. He was graduated from the naval academy at Annapolis in 1873. At that time, It is interesting to notey the Buperinteijcjepi of the famous navy school told himT "It. you'd give less attention to those scientific things and more to your gunnery, there might come a time when you would kriow enough to be of some use to your country." The young man's passion for "those scientific things" led to his construction of an instrument at the age of 26 by which he corrected
churches as was the case in Austria, Jzeau s and Fouccult's calculations Some Questions, such as the senara- P a feneration before on the irelocity
or light.
Prof. Michelson
SEEK TO UNIONIZE
BEAUTY SHOP HELP
CHICAGO, 111., Aug. 12. Members of the International Barbers' Union at their meeting in Indianapolis next mon,th will discnJss changing their rules to admit beauty shop employes. The constitution of the union was drafted long before girls and women thought of having their hair bobbed or shingled. Now with beauty shops on so many .corners, union leaders believe it essential to permit the women to share in electing a business agent. In Chicago it is estimated there are approximately 3,000 wojnen barbers, and, the union heads estimate, an equal number of women who trim, bob and shingle hair.
It is said the Chicago delegation will be supported by a majority in their efforts to change the rules of the international union. Some would include manicurists. Excerpts from the union's official publication contain statements of this sort: "Lady barbers would make good trade unionists. There should be a school established where all branches of the beauty shop business could be learned." The Columbus (0.""harhers' com
munication declares that the women
should be admitted. It noints mit
that "a lady barber can conduct her-
ocu. ui yiuper manner it some of the
men wno get shaved would not be so fresh." It is added that th "diVnifv
of the profession" can be upheld by
proper co-operation.
IRISH ATTACK ON
KLAN DERIDED BY NEW YORK EDITOR
Editorial in Times Comments!
on Statements Appearing in Catholic Review
Questions Intellectual Soundness of Paper That Is Both Anti-Klan and Anti-Foreigner
continued his
tion was obstructed by many diffi- study of light after he became head
. "i me university oi unicago pnyslcs
acm- -
which emerged out of the elec- department in 1892, and it was on
iouii. ui une ui ins many ex
...vihiiiul, .ioluuii ui ijciiui , iue "v- Having ii-a uiswuscii
abandonment of obligatory celibacy : twenty-one members of parliament for clergymen; the revision of pro-! an,J fifteen members of the senate, cerdlngs against Huss and the free ! entered the coalition, election of priests by the people. Before the census of February 15 These proposals were rejected by ' 1921, was taken, a strong religious' the pope and following this, another i movement developed in Czechoslocor, ventlon of Catholic clergy re- vakia. It was claimed in the meetolved on January 8. 1920, to make i lngs and by the press that those who preraratlons for the foundation of an separated themselves inwardly from Independent Czechoslovak church, i the church to which they had beTho government recognized this new j longed, should separate themselves church on September 15. 1920. As to formally also. Thev should leave it flogmatlcs the new church is, natur- and enter another church or remain
Crnnnm Emblems, Pocket rirr, Rtnjru. nncn. 7Sr r-rwpo,, $1 50 Rlnss r mnrt- of 12 k. RoM-fllled wire. h'KMy r"li!lie'l with thre colors of haril Frnnrh enamel on lop. firltlnfr h;is oM roln edge with narrow blue clrele Hns Aiiicri. ii llrst tn Kol,l-rllli-t letters, a white rente-with Flerv Cross in the middle. ' Connlete line of Roods. Send for price list. Aeent wanted. We have qui. k sellers. Agents n. o. voi.stad & kox, 6.n n. oxford st., Indianapolis ind
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periments that Einstein based his
theory of relativity.
Measured Giant Star w Among Michelson's accomplishments were the devisine of the
echelon spectroscope, an instrument by which the effects of magnetism on light waves can be studied:
measurements of the earth's tides; invention of the harmonic analyzer, a machine for tracing compound curves, and the determination with his linear interferometer nf the
standard meter in terms of cadmium
light waves
Perhaps the most spectacular of
an fror. Michelson s contributions from the standpoint of. the layman, at least was his measuring of the giant star, Betelgeuse. In 1920 he announced to the world that this
great stellar body has a diameter
of 260,000,000 miles.
TEXAS BISHOP ASKS
FREEDOM FROM TAXES
GALVESTON, Tex., August 11.
An attempt is being made here to have the residence of the Roman Catholic bishop exempted from taxation. A request has been made to the city commissioners and has been referred bv them tn the fitv
attorney, the city collector and the city assessor. A chapel Is to be constructed on the second floor of the T"0 C- i 1 1 f , TW. nn.l 1 . 1 . . 1 , 1
.t-.uuLg aim mis ia iue reason given for the request to have the property exempted. Many of the people in Galveston are In favor of taxation of all church property.
OFFICER'S WARNING
SHOUT SAVES MANY
NEW YORK, Aug. 12. Quick ..action by Patrolman Murrav sa.veH a
score of persons from injury or death
wnen a nair-ton steel girder, being hoisted to the eighth floor of the Vanderbilt building, now under construction, slipped from its lashings and fell to the street. The patrolman saw the girder as it began to slip and shouted a warning to motorists, pedestrians and drivers of horses who were in its path. They drove and ran to safety as the girder worked loose 'from the cables wjiich held it and crashed to the middle of the street. Murray was on duty at the street intersection at which the building is being erected. The noise of the crane could be heard for blocks and it attracted a large crowd. Traffic was blocked for half an hour.
NEW YORK, August: 12. With the better knowledge- that the press of New York and New England are acquiring concerning the real purposes andideals of the Klan, there is a growing inclination to give the American organization a fair hearing. This change of public opinion as evidenced in" the newspapers is due almost as much perhaps to the rowdy tactics employed by Klan enemies as it is to the spirit of fair play which will eventually control all the people of America in their attitude towards the Klan. The latest and one of the most outstanding instances of this change that has come over the people of the east is seen in an editorial tmnmmt
by the New York Times on recent statements made by the AmericanIrish Review, Worcester, Mass., which sees red with every mention of the Klan on the one side, while, on the other, it proclaims itself as being the "champion ot liberty and i i i ,i
i leuieousness. "Neither Klan Xor Colony" "It is a little .hard to understand the mental excitement of the American-Irish Review, published in Worcester, Mass.," say the Times. "Its modest description of itself is 'champion of liberty and righteousness' and on its editorial page it proclaims 'American ideals' as the only salvation of this country. That would
almost suggest kinship with the Ku Klux Klan, as would . also the Review's determination to stand to the death all forms of domination by foreigners. Yet in its July number it has made the startling discovery that 'Democrats would disenfranchise all Catholics," so that there is nothing left for the latter to do but to vote the Republican ticket. The reasoning at this point gets obscure. "It starts with the fact that the Republicans in their platform 'definitely stood upon the constitutional guarantees of civil, nolitinal nnrl re
ligious liberty. But did not the
jjemocrats go even further in their platform? Perhaps they did, hut this is irrelevant, since the party plank which they adopted was 'urged by
the Klan and' fathered by Bryan.' From this is drawn, hv
the- conclusion: 'Hence, we are In conscience bound, no. matter what
our party affiliations in the past may have been, to srrfsnrvrr a-nri tn
vote for Calvin Coolidge for Pres
ident.. Klan Would Resist Irish Colony "What reallv causes the A
Irish Review to flame with indigna
tion, nowever, is the imminent danger that this country may become again a colonial denendenov nf Vnc-
land. It knows, for we are sure it
wouiu not say so unless it knew, that 'England has schooled its statesmen, since about 1800, to look for and work for a return of the United States in the servitude of a British colony.' This being so, the need of the campaign is to find an honest and able leader who will prevent the nation from falling into such enslavement. The American-Irish Review asks, 'Is President Co61ldge the man of the hour?' Without hesitation it says, 'We answer yes!" But would not the Ku Klux Klan also be a mighty dependence in resisting all efforts to prevent this nation from becoming an English colony? It would be unwilling to have us become even an Irish colony! Advice to Senator Walsh "If politics makes strange. bedfellows, it also prevents people from sleeping together who appear to belong in one bed. To be furiously anti-foreign and to attack the Klan in the same breath makes one tremble for the intellectual wholeness of the American-Irish Review. Senator Walsh, of Massachusetts, who is so
painfully ignorant of the fact that5 the Democrats are disenfranchising Catholics that he is standing for re
election on the Democratic ticket, ought to slip over to Worcester and look into this
KING IS NOT A PARTY ' -TO ANGLO-RUSS PACT-
LONDON, August 10. The gen-.eral-and commercial treaties arranged by the Anglo-Soviet confer
ence were concluded by the delegates
or tne two countries and King George's name does not appear on either. As the Russians have no titular government head, legal experts decided that; with Russia's signature not affixed by a single executive, it was not necessary for England's to be. In the history of the English nation this is the first time the king has ot signed a treaty. The newspapers assert that the British government wilSguarantee a loan to the Soviet government If it meets the conditions laid down by London. - One English paper- declares that this arrangement is in , reality an agreement to make a treaty, in case the two parties can agree. , The dominions are not mentioned in the general treaty and Great Britain did not sign for them, so that no future difficulties can arise, as in the case of the Lausanne treaty. There is a provision in the commercial agreement that the dominions can participate if they so desire.
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without confession. The Catholic church decreased by 1,230.915 follow
ers. The greater part of the popu
lation being without any confession Is recruited from Industrial workers of noFlberri Bohemta, followers of Socialist parties - professing free thought. They are fervent adversaries of ecclesiastical religion though there are many among them who are animated by deep religious feelings. 80 Per Cent Quit Catholics
Of the Czechoslovak territories Bohemia was most affected by this split in t,he eatholic church. There were
places where 30 per cent of the pop
ulation left the Catholic church
spontaneously, as, for instance, In some sections of Prague the number
of "schismatics" attained 50 per cent.
The Orthodox church in Carpath
ian ,Ruthen1a was enlarged by 60.041
followers who belonged formerly to
the Greek Catholic church. This
movement is to be explained by the
tradition of the Ruthenlan people,
for union with Rome was not real
ized until 1649 and even before the war the people were longing for a return to the Orthodox church the
tendency encountered by the Hun
e guvcruuieui uy 1113 wenknown proceedings in Marmaros
Sziget
The church of the Bohemian
brethren came into existence by the
uniting of former Czech councils of
Augsburg and -Helvetian confessions.
There are many reasons why this chnrch does hot number more than
86,173 soul the chief being Its timid
ity and conservatism produced by hundreds of years of oppression. Besides the Bohemian brethren there are in Czechoslovakia many minor .churches and sects, numbering from four to four hundred thousand fol
lowers. From the total population of the Czechoslovak republic 2.6 per cent (355,925) are Jews. The greater
part of them live in Slovakia (195,819) and Carpathian Ruthenia (93,-
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o
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