Fiery Cross, Volume 3, Number 42, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 August 1924 — Page 2

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American Public School Came Into Existence on Mayflower Dr. Payson Smith Says Democracy to Be Successful Must follow Widespread Intelligence Among the People Must Inculcate Loyalty

Dr. Pavsori Smith oqo 0r, -

Mass., addressed the vesper service on the steps-of the capitol ?n "rnoon. preceding the opening of the annual meeting of the National Education Association Tecently . Taking for

, us iichjciiKc oi T i i . . ii you wouia seek: the beginnings of the American public school you might find them there in the cabin of the Mayflower when the Pilgrim Fathers gave hand and seal to that compact which established, long before the republic was itself created, the basis upon which that republic 'was to Bianu. v. So far as we know there was no discussion at that time about the founding of schools. But this we know. There can be no hope of the successful issue of any experiment in democracy unless intelligence Is widespread among the people. So it is not surprising that early in the colonial days this democratic society founded the -public school. With the development of democracy and the Increase of its problems it was inevitable that the educational program should itself develop and expand. So in the beginning of the last century the public school, hitherto a local neighborhood affair with limited offerings, found Itself facing- the challenge of greater service to a young and growing nation whose civic and social requirements were no longer those of a somewhat primitive civilization. The greater expectations of the people with reference to the results of education were met with a greater liberality in providing the means of education and a larger sense of responsibility. Thus came the town, county, city, and state systems of schools, expressing larger conceptions of responsibility and creating more nearly just methods of support. Thus came publicly supported schools for the training of teachers growing In a little more than three-quarters of a century from the little school at Lexington with its three pupils, to the presentday enrollment of tens of thousands. Thus came a great system of secondary education, expanding from a little gronip of a few score In the eighteen seventies to its thousands of free public high schools with their more than two million students in the year that has Just closed. Thus came a chain of great tax-supported universities, the answer -of the American states as to how far they Intend to go In the education of the people. Jhus came within a few years a nation-wide, and In part nationally -supported ' system of vocational education which not only alms to aid youth in choosing and preparing for a vocation but Is also the answer to the question as to whether the American people can and will find a way of joining successfully state and federal forces in meeting a national need.

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riuucauon, ne said, m Dart The fundamental challenge to American education through all these years and amid all these changes has been the same. It will not be different in future venra tv,q American public school, now a3 al ways, is under express responsibility to deliver to, the republic, citizens who understand and are prepared to meet the obligations that citizenship in a. republic implies not 80me of the oblie-atinns hut oil r,f them. As American teachers serving the American people in schools supported by their taxes, in schools to which they send in confidence their children we can not and we must not forget that the public schools in which we teach have been established and are being maintained for the paramount purpose of providing for this nation a citizenship civic, individual, and social that shall be sound In thought and right in action. Whatever may be the somewhat remote and incidental obligation to help American youth to understand its international obligations, we as American teachers as servants of the republic do well to keep always in mind that our schools must be national In character and national in purpose. We have within our borders one service of supreme importance and that is to teach American youth the history, the cost, and the meaning of America and her institutions to inculcateloyally to them and to develop and foster the higher resolve of serving them both in time of war and in time of peace. Srnst Seek Truth A foremost challenge of this day in education is that of producing citizens who respect knowledge, are eager in its pursuit and are skill ful in its use. It is the business nf the educationaLinstitutions to see to it that all the truth that has hon garnered by men In past generations is conserved ror the use of this generation and passed on for the service of succeeding ones. Rut that Is not enough. Not only must educa tion conserve knowledge It must constantly seek new truth. It is not best that a democratic snrletv shrmM seek to standardize or to make unirorm the thinking of its citizens. America todav does not nupd thn contented tnind so much as she needs tne curious, the inquiring, and the pioneering mind. Last year Caoeda produced niore coal, lead, cobalt and asbestos than In any other year. A one-legged brown thrasher hird was recently recaptured five years after being banded. London ft patroled bv 21.000 nn1 Icemen. DEDICATED TO THE AMERICAN WOMAN Thm woman with many Interests and activities to the woman In all Walks of 1' rear a an antiseptic for rx-rsnnal hygiene; It Is a protective health measure, soothing, healing and refreshing: It has wonderful healing properties, promoting rapid restoration of healthy tissue. One teaspoonful In one quart of warm water used once a day will get amazing results In any trouble along the vaginal tract. Fresca Is a prescription of one of the most noted authorities on diseases of women in America, and you can not afford to tgnore or overlook this most . ffectlve agent. We guarantee you satisfaction or refund your money. A. large box of 60 treatments, $1.C0. MRS. F. C. DUNN, Manag-er ! Main 6331 Quality and Sn-ric FLOWER SHOP

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Offer Klansmen Use of Their Hall When City Auditorium Is Refused ALBANY, N. Y., August 12. Negroes of this city showed that they realize they have more to gain by being friendly ta the Klan than by fighting It, when they invited members of the organization to make use of a colored Jodge room to hold a ivian meeting, alter the city-commissioners had refused . Klansmen use of the municipal auditorium. The invitation came as a surprise. Klan officials had arranged' for-the meeting to be held and had virtually been granted permission to use the city auditorium. At the last minute city commissioners' declined to allow them to use the building. Members of the Supreme Circle of Benevolence, a colored fraternal order, heard of the affair and called upon Klan officials. Offer Lodge Room 9 "You are welcome to make use of our lodge rooms if you care to," Klan oiHcials were told. They promptly accepted the invitation. "We have formed our own opinion about your order," one of the colored iraternalists toid Klan officials. "Negroes of 'Albany realize they have more to gain by working with native Americans than being swayed by the falsehoods being broadcasted by foreigners, Roman Catholics and other classes lined up with them. "Last week your order prevented the lynching of a member of our race in Illinois. We are, cinri tn show our appreciation to the Klan oy onering you the use of our hall.-" IOWA KLANS STAGE A BIG CEREMONIAL 25,000 Gather at Chariton for Parade, Speaking and Initiation CHARITON. Ia.. Alienist 19 nna of the most gorgeous parades ever nem in ine state was witnessed by 25,000 people at Chariton thin nuv A meetine for the womn va fci in the afternoon and a national speaner addressed the group on the organization's principles. Late in the afternoon the delegations from all parts of southern and central Iowa began to arrive, and the Des Moines band, fast obtaining a statewide reputation for its excellent' music and gorgeous robes, came in a huge bust Representatives of other counties came in decorated cars, which added much to the color ana picturesxrueness of the evening parade. In the nrenarnMnn nt tya many beautiful floats the women of Las and Wayne counties spared no pains. One machine was intricately woven with .hundreds of strands of brightly colored crepe paper. Another was done in an orange and blue effect with large flowers in purple. Special credit goes to the Lucas County Klan for this successful Kionklave. KLANSMENvPROTECT SUBJECT OF THREAT Jew Receives Anonymous Let ter Klan Provides Him With Guard SENECA. S. C. An trust 19 A Jewish merchant of this town re cently received a threatening let ter signed "K. K. K." The merchant was hadlv Wrht. tened and showed the letter to the town authorities. Members of the local Klan heard of it and began an investigation. Thev knew, at course, that the letter was not written by any Klansman. This fact was quickly established to the merchant's satisfaction, and the Klan, to show their good faith in the matter placed a guard around the merchant's place of business and his home for several nights, untiUils apprehensions were allayed, and succeeded in convincing him that he had no personal enemies in the Klan. The Jewish merchant has become a believer in the Klan, and he says his keenest regret is that he is not eligible for membership. PANS ADDRESSES CROWD AT RACINE RACINE, Wis., Aug. 12. Despite the fact that his visit had not been publicly announced, an audience of 25,000 men and women assembled at Klan park, near this city, to greet Dr. Hiram Wesley Evans, Imperial Wizard who. was the guest of honor and principal speaker at Racine's annual open-air meeting. ' Accompanying Dr. Evans were Charles G. Palmer, Grand Dragon of Illinois, and Walter S. Bosaert, Grand Dragon of Indiana. ILLINOIS PAYS VETS $48,220,000 BONUS SPRINGFIELD, 111., Aug. 10. Soldier bonus claims to the amount of $48,220,000 have been paid by Illinois to those who served during the world war. The- recognition board has paid 269,971 claims. Bonds w6rth J50.000,000 have been sold and an additional $3,000,000 will be offered soon. The members of the board are of the opinion that the J55,000,Q00 voted by the citizens of the state will be sufficient to cover all claims.

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EX-NAVY C0M5IANDER PREDICTS WAR WITH LARGffiP0PULATI0N It ear-Admiral William L. Rogers Precipitates Debate on Problem Praises Kecent Immigration Restric tion Measnr 200,000,000 "Saturation Point" -- WILLIAMSTOWN, Mass., August 12. Rear-Admiral William L. Rodgers, retired, formerly commander of the Asiatic fleet, precipitated a debate among the . social economists and political experts. ,at the Institute of Politics by predicting that the United States, when its population Teaehea 200,000,000, will have attained the "saturation point'' and will be forced to -Wage war to maintain Its place in the world. Basing his opinion on an estimate of Dr. Henry Pratt Fairchild, professor of social economy at New York University, that this country by the end of the present, century will have a population greater than China. Admiral Rodgers asserted- that recent immigration restrictions, denying to other nations "the privilege of dumping their surplus population and weaklings upon . our territory," wa3 a precursor of future economic conditions that win ennn fill Vi n United States to capacity. Predictions Unexpected ' Admiral Rodgers' remarks were made unexpectedly at a conference on plans for peace and limitation of armament, conducted by Dr. James T. Shotwell, professor ot history at Columbia University. DK' Shotwell argued in support of the plans which are sponsored by the league of nations and are to be. considered at Geneva next month. He read provisions which brand aggressive War as "an international crime" and which, he said, provided for the settlement of disputes before the Permanent Court of International Justice. Rising from a side of a table where four other rear-admirals and three major-generals also sat, Admiral Rodgers said he questioned whether the ations of the wor!d were obsessed iy an abhorrence of war, as Dr. Shotwell had described. Denies War Is Likely "I do not suppose that the United States will ever desire to make war against any country before our continental population passes 200,000,000," he said, "but after that, if there remains any manhood in our mixed raceof descendants, we will surely goo war to keep our place in the world." "I believe that there are great and powerful nations who regard successful was as a means of getting what they want, although war Is too expensive for frequent use," said Admiral Rodgers, in amplifying his remarks before the rnn(nnK '.r,t complex industrial civilization causes us 10 rear war more than other nations and puts us in greater danger of attack. "We are rich and well-to-do and therefore able to devote much time and labor to other thine-a than earn ing our own living. Our world posi tion is aiso somewhat Isolated and we have been correspondingly free from fear, so that we have been able to cultivate our faculty of sympathy for others to a greater extent than is possible for those nations who find the struggle for existence harder than we do. Snch harder economic conditions than ours, are the most likely to make war and least likely in good faith to accept limitations noon their arma ments. "We must be sure that such nations are not liable to take up arms against us merely to divide our wealth. Such is the trustful disposition of our rtennle that monv at them, if consulted, would be willing 10 trust the destinies of their country to a treatv of disarmament nr very reduced armaments. World Soon Filled "We have been tnlrt that th in crease in the world's population In the last centurv or two. heeausn of improved social and economic conditions, will soon fill the world to capacity. In this COUntrv we Art rairaolvec the pleasure of maintaining the weaklings of society at the exnense of the community. We can do this Decause we are not pressed by the hard conditions of existence. But as our population rises and our land fills to capacity we shall no longer have sympathy to expend on other individuals and nations. Of all forms of national aggression the most aggressive is to maintain an Increas ing population and an area fully Utilized. What form of IntemnHnnnl Inquiry and publicity can adequately control such a menace to world peace? Like manv nthrn tKa lomW nf this discussion believes that law ran replace war. Such believers decline to recognise that law is merely, a rule of procedure for the exercise Of -force asrainst recnlHtranta on it resistance of gronps of Individuals or. 01 nauons to compulsion ultimately leads to private or national war. "But V law, whether municipal or international,. 'an only provide a rule of conduct suitable to existing social and economic conditions of the day. It follows that when conditions change the law the accepted rule of conduct "seeds modification. Having all that we want in the way of land, this generation of Americans Is most peacefully disposed toward all the world" and Wishes other nations less fortunate, to reciprocate our own sentiments, but they do not. Armament Keccssarr "Our recent law restricting Immigration denies to rthef "nation" the privilege of dnnjrfn? hcr surplus population' and wvMjrors of their society uppn our territory. To main

tain that law and with it our standards of life and 'well-being for ourselves and our successors we must arm ourselves according to our riches. "We can ot too often" recall the Bible saying that 'The strong man armed keepeth his paiace in peace,' So much for thepresent, and.ifour successors remain a Turtle people as the world fills up they will remain armed to take what they want at the expense of others. Such crude materialism Is not fashionable and I feel that you may consider some apology is due for offering them, but I do not see any other lesson to be derived from history, and human no through tim,- . . PLAGE FORD? NAME ON DETROIT BALLOT Petitions Make - Manufacturer Involuntary Nominee for the Senate DETROIT. Mir-h " A m ..ubU.it Henry Ford has become an involujuiy canaiqate lor nomination as United States nnrtatnr fcinna n.iM sufficient , to place his name on the state ballot on the Republican ticket have been filed with the secretary of state. The primary election will take place -September 9. - - wun tne addition of Ford's name to the ballot, the rar-o 1o o ' uc-oiucu one. His former business associate, -amca ouzens. is m tne list for nomination, anri h ment Republicans of the state have qualified. They are Federal Judge Arthur J. Tuttle of Detroit; Hal H oiium, Detroit attorney ; and Daniel W. Tussing of Lansing, said to be supported by the Ku Klux Klan. It is be-lieverl Mr 1iYifi win - - - mil iivt withdraw his name from the race, uui win ioiiow nis former methods Of comDletelv lCT(irln tvn m.. the petitions. The boom to nl w . uju m nit; contest has not won his approval and was done without his knowledge. His close associates declare the effort is "absurd" and say the entrance Of his name simnlv onmni:.. , f j iivtxLca ail already muddy situation. KLAN HELPS TO LAY JUUKCH CORNER STONE CHARLESTON W v 10 A new era in Protestant Christianity was ushered in here when the,corner stone for the First Baptist church oy lne anights of the Ku Klux Klan with full ritualistic form and ceremony. The Klansmen were assisted hv Wrrmon - -.v. i. i.un rvu mux Klan and Junior Klansmen. More than 1.200 Klanamon tvi, . - vuun. yart ill the affair, At least 6,000 spectators .hu5wbu. tne ceremonies. Earlier , 1 ivua iuaauuic omors put on their ritualistic-ceremonies.

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AMERICANS DISCOVER ElfcHT NEW MOUNTAINS CHICAGO, Aug. 12, Eight newlydiscovered mountain peaks "have been ascended and the Cariboo ranee in British Columbia definitely located by Professor R. T. Chamberlain, of the University of ChicagoT and Allen Oarpe, New York engineer, who recently returned to Chicago. One of the peaks, yet unnamed, ranks among the highest in the Canadian northwest. Only a vague sketch on the map of British Columbia, the Cariboo range, into which the Thompson river disappeared, long has been a mystery. Even the old-timers Alberta, were unfamiliar with its Al pine slopes, and wary of . the heavy storms that assaulted its peak. In addition to . discovering and ascending the elaeier berlain and Carpe explored the headwaters of the Thompson and Canoe rivers. The latter fdllows the Rocky mountain irencn to the Columbia river. They are the first white men to note the elaclal two' mountain streams. Without ?nidea find i1lgr,vn . v&a,,uu tne warnings of native PTninmra tkot storms, which are heavy and fre quent on tne western slope, might cut oft retreat, Chamberlain. Carpe and three men hired tn set out in June, it was possible only 10 iaKe pack horses as far as the wood had been cut. Then the party proceeded with back packs. A time-controlled phonograph has been newly patented that starts at any hour... for which it is set, and stops of its own accord.

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KLAN SURE TO COM BEFORE INVENTION - v Northwestern University, Professor Says It Would Have Bobbed Up Anyway EVANSTON, III., August 12. . Speaking at a meeting 0 summer students of the university, Prof. Kenneth Colegrove, assistant professor of political science at Northwestern Universitv. said that i Klan issue had not be brought before the delegates in the way that it was in the New York convention, it probably would have arisen in some other way. "It is true," he said, "that the firebranrl rf roliiriniid a-nj .niAi .1 .-- " . ..eAwia Oliu I audi U13 sension Was thrown into the convention by Mr. Johnston when nominating Senator Underwood, of Alabama. -But, even if the issue had not been raised by a southerner, it was destined to appear in. the convention from another soutcb. . "For many months previous to the convention , the question nad been agitated by the followers of Gov. Al Smith. And many Catholics, Jews, and naturalized aliens in, the east and in industrial centers had decided that the time had come for asserting once and. for all that a Catholic could be nominated and elected. Catholic newspapers took it up and were heralding the threat openly all along the line. "The Republican convention at Cleveland, of course, had confronted the same problem; but the matter was settled behind closed doors." USE THE FIERY CROSS WANT ADS FOR BEST RESULTS for full details. PubUshing:X0;: - Indianapolis 4

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