Fiery Cross, Volume 3, Number 13, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 January 1924 — Page 3

WIG WAGS FROM WASHINGTON

(Bnrenn Publication nnd Education) WASHINGTON, D. C, Jan. -18. This has bec-n a week of oratory in the House of Representatives and tho end in not yet. The DemocraticProgressive coalition seema to be in the saddle and the Republican majority is one in name only. While the rules fight has been on all week and still continues the coalition has accomplished these reforms : 1. Provided a means of discharging committees on petition of 100 members. 2. Ends the pocket veto of nn friendly committee chairmen. 3. Openit way to amending tax and tariff bills on the floor. The coalition has planned to follow up its advantage gained so far this week with minor ralas amendments. Progressive Leader Nelson of Wisconsin lias served notice that hp will circulate a petition to force n vote on the bonus, if the soldier bloc does not act. Hups Will in in Jennings Bryan In his losing fight in the House to Rave the rules Majority Leader Longworth took a fling at William Jennings Bryan and asserted that Mr. Bryan had been a factor in the maintenance of the Democratic-insurgent coalition and had been in the House lobbies in the last few days urging Democrats to unite with the insurgents to overthrow the Republicans. A remark by Longworth that Bryan still had "telling influence" brought forth a hearty "Amen" from Representative Upshaw of Georgia. Wilson Jokes at Pink Whiskers "Say, are your whiskers turned

from pink to Swedish straw, or are they getting grey to look like Secretary of State Hughes?" This sally by former President Woodrow Wilson, made to former Senator J. Hamilton Lewis of Illinois, as he greeted

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Mr. Wilson together with 'the Demo-! cratic national committeemen who journeyed to the Wilson home on S street Wednesday, is said to have brought hack a flash of old-time animation to the war president's face. George White of Ohio, late manager of Cox's campaign, who- heard the remark, said it brought" a hearty laugh and pleased ex-Senator Lewis who replied: "Both, Mr. President." Third Party Movement Members of the "Committee of 4S" are conferring in Washington on plans for the third party convention scheduled for May 30 at either St. Paul or Minneapolis, and details of organization and eligibility are being settled. The committee is putting out a series of pamphlets on national problems, giving facts gathered by a system of questionnaires and conclusions from the Farmer-Labor and Progressive point of view. A conference for unification of the Progressive party ia being held in Washington this week with two sessions a day. Senator Magnus Johnson of Minnesota is one of the big bugs in the gathering. Seeks Railroad Data Senator Smith of South Carolina, the new chairman of the Senate interstate Commerce committee, has requested the interstate commerce commission to supply him full information on the condition of American railroads as a result of the operations of the Esch-Cummins railroad law. The new chairman askeA particularly for railroad earnings, investments, freight charges and changes in rates, profits, valuations and an itemized statement of the leading

carriers of the country. This information will be used as a "working basis" for the committee

in considering changes in railroad legislation. The committee will meet next week to consider the numerous railroad bills that have been introduced. Bok Summoned in Probe Edward Bok, who had $100,000 to give up for peace award, must come to Washington and explain to the Senate. A special committee consisting of Senators Moses, Greene, Shipstead. Caraway and James A. Reed has been appointed and instructed to investigate propaganda seeking to influence Congress. Mr. Bok and Miss Esther Lape, secretary of tho Hok peace award, have been summoned to come here and answer to charges that Bok's $100,000 peace plan prize is a thinlycloaked League of Nations lobbying.

The committee also will investi

gate lobbying for the Mellon tax plan and the soldiers' bonus.

Revocation of Oil Leases Democrats in Congress are insisting on a revocation of the oil leases granted by former Secretary Fall to the Sinclair an Doheny interests as soon as tile fight on the rules is completed. Minority Leader Garrett said he will introduce a joint resolution to cancel the leases.

Increasing Tendency Among Immigrants To Unite Against Americans, Says Frost Fifth Article 4n The Outlook Declares There Is Increasing Political Solidity of Alien Elements Series Is Causing Unlimited Discussion Throughout America "Easy to Believe Alien Is Responsible for Corruption in Cities"

STANLEY FROST j (Copyright, 1924, by the Outlook j Company and Reprinted by Special Arrangements Through Courtesy of the Outlook.) There are certain states of mind, shared by most men, .which -are so dangerous and devastating whenever they take possession of large groups that the most daring of leaders hesitates to invoke them. There are none more powerful to move men, none more easily aroused, but history always links them with storms of prejudice, discord, hatred and strife. They are almost impossible to compromise and they can hardly be discussed without rancor, so by common consent as civilization has advanced they have been more arid more pushed into the background of thought for the sake of peace and quiet. The most dangerous of these spring from the ideas of exclusive and militant race, national or religious unity. Each carries with It a record of bloodshed, terror, persecution and unspeakable horror that .staggers the mind. Yet the Ku Klux Klan has gathered all three into one bundle, and is in

voking the whirlwind they always father and hoping to control it as the basis for its attempt to reform America. This is. in fact, the really distinc

tive thing about the Klan. One may work for law enforcement, better education, better trovernmcnt, or any

of the other reforms at which the Klan aims, through a myriad of ether organizations. But in no other will one find -the program and the very form of the organization itself based on the exclusive Americanism of "native, white, Protestant" su

premacy.

The Klan makes its position on this perfectly clear. It is one place where there is complete harmony between

its formulas and its thought and practice. These ideas run through

all its documents, acts and speech;

they are present, sometimes spoken

and sometimes implied, in every ens

eussion of the Klan by its leaders. They are the very soul of the movement. A few quotations from official doc

uments are enough: "To maintain forever the God-given supremacy of the white race the devout impulse of an unconquered race." Proclamation of the Klan Constitution. "We avow the distinction between the races of man as decreed by the Creator, and we shall ever be true to the maintenance of White Supremacy and strenuously oppose any compromise thereof." Kn Klux Kreed.

"T lmvi tnlbptl with mnnv mem

bers of the House concerning thisT "T.he objects of this order shall be

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matter and believe considerably more than a majority favor the adoption of such a resolution," Mr. Garrett ?aid. "The public is demanding that Congress take action and I see no reason why the House should wait for the Senate in the matter." Senator Heflin of Alabama expects to bring a resolution next week before the committee on public lands in the case. Six Offers for Muscle Shoals Six offers for Muscle Shoals are

now before the government. TheJ

second proposal of the Alabama Power Company and associated in

terests has been filed, to rent or buy some properties for power purposes and to develop nitrates and manufacture fertilizer. The Alabama interests' original offer to lease the power. Henry Ford's offer, which still stands and will not be renewed, according to a dispateli from Detroit. A tentative offer by interests represented by E. H. Hooker, Niagara Falls power user. Two offers whose bidders are not revealed. Probe of Diploma Mills The Senate has plunged into an investigation of diploma mill activities all over the country. The spe

cial committee, headed by Senator Copeland of New York, is to ferret out the detailed ramifications of the ring which is alleged to have distributed spurious medical diplomas to fake practitioners.

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to unite all white male persons, na

tive-born Gentile citizens of the United States of America, who owe no allegiance of any nature or degree to any foreign government, nation, institution, sect, ruler, person or people to maintain forever white supremacy to conserve, protect, and maintain the

distinctive institutions, rights, privileges, principles, traditions and ideals of a pure Americanism." Klan Constitution, Art. II., Section 1. Most of this is repeated in the provisions regarding membership. Thus the Klan calls the devils from the vasty deep. And they have come. It is safe to say that to every man in the Klan these ideas in some form are a compelling motive. With many they are so refined as to take the shape of reasoned convictions;

with most they are Instinctive, with

some savage. The retorms mane Dy Pr. Evans have aimed to keep them under control, to handle them with

out hatred, to restrict the damage they may do, but they have not removed them. The Klan stands, and must stand still till it dies, for "native, white Protestant Supremacy." In most discussion of the Klan all argument ends at this point, if it ever gets past the old talk of graft and night-riding. To Jews, Catholics, negroes, aliens and all the vast numbers whose sympathies are still with the alien elements in our population, there can hardly be further debate, The movement is, on its face, hostile to them. For many others, especially of the

sentimental liberal variety, this is

also enough. They had fondly be

lieved that such ideas were almost

dead, and hate the Klan merely be

cause it has upset their minds. With far higher types of mind the fact that the Klan is using dangerous ideas, and is making trouble, carries

condemnation enough. Great World Movements But this is not quite enough

Sound judgment, or even effective

opposition, must go farther back

than this. The careful thinker will

note that in some degree the Klan is simply going beyond the rest of us

in dealing with ideas which are al

ready held widely without offense

the ideas that the country is suffer

ing from too much unasslmilated am

migration and too much bloc action

by racial and religions groans, and

that attempts are being made to destroy the fundamental Ideas of

Americanism. He will remember,

too, that in spite of all the devasta

tion and horror they, have caused,

many of the greatest forward movements o( the world have been driven and carried by just these ideas. He

will find sound judgment comnli

cated.

To the average Klansman. how

sword. He considers that this ends the argument.

The Klan leaders in their defense

go far back of this point; so far back that their attitude becom-es one not of defense but of attack. They deny

that hatred or injustice are involved

in the lines they draw. On the other

hand, they charge that while Protestant natives have beenHberal and have ignored race ,nd religious lines, the members of other races and sects who have been allowed to share

America's opportunities have held those lines tight, have gained political, social and economic power for

the groups thus formed, and have taken advantage of American good

nature to use that power against American natives and against -the

American tradition. In short the

Klan pleads both self-defense and extreme provocation.

Before taking tip this plea Iti detail It Is worth stopping a moment to

look at the background of thought

in tne minus or -name, vviute, Protestant" Americans to which this attitude of the Klan anneals so

powerfully and with such astonnding

success, in n are certain ideas which are so deep rooted that the

are actually Instincts, sub-conscious

and emotional, it contains pre.ro

dice bnt also patriotism, aspiration

as well as fear, , idealism, hatreds, devotions, bettenress and self-sacrifice all jumbled together in an almost unknowable mass. Usually, and per-

naps wisely, it is complacently is

nored, but now that the door has been opened it must be understood

so far as possible if the Klan itself, its power and its danger are to be either understood or successfully.

commuted. It is in this background of thought and feeling that the real strength of the Klan lies; in it one must seek to learn how powerful it may become and how long it may last. It is there, too, and on the weighing of each of the many different elements involved, that the ultimate vindication or condemnation of the whole Klan movement will be found. And finallv, it

is there and only there that it can be .fought, for the Klan idea does

fit into this background, as its very j success proves. 1 It is far beyond the scope of these articles to go into the infinite delicate questions of fact, feeling and instinct on which this background is based. That would involve all history, all philosophy and all psychology, at the very least. For the present purpose it is enough to point out in general trms the elements of the situation which are involved, and a few facts about it. May I ask the reader to remember that in doing this I am merely reporting what I have found, without either approving or condemning and with a full realization that my own observations in so involved a subject can be no more than suggestive. It must be recognized, first, that this background is there, however, inarticulate it usually is. Ignoring it can only lead to misjudgment; denial of the real facts or ridicule of it make it worse; suppression, of

the steam it generates will increase the ultimate explosion. In the second place it is not all prejudice; much sincere thought and some very

real grievances are involved. In the

third place there is a great difference in the emphasis placed on the different elements involved by different

ndividuals; it must not be supposed

that the whole of this half-subcon

scious feeling is equally effective

with each man.

Its largest single element is un

doubtedly race prejudice or raqe

pride, or race instinct, as you prefer. It takes all forms, from the tra

dition of Nordic supremacy to the

raw prejudice and contemptuous

cruelty of the lowest thoughts. It is

the seamy side of the pride, self-con

fldence and aggressiveness which have carried the race bo- far. It judges all of the races as being lower

m exact proportion as they differ from the Anglo-Saxon mixture which

has become American, and it shows itself in pity or contempt according

to the nature of each man. It pro

duces lynchings and sincere telief

in "the white man s burden" from

the same box

With the average run of Americans

it is fairly expressed in the old army

song:

He may be a brother of William H Taft's, But he uin't no friend of mine." The White Man

It is often very curious, for I have

seen a man who was ruthless and brutal in his treatment of people who were not "white" respond finely to the appeal to "act like a white man."

It is so deep that it is continually

breaking out In queer and uncon

scious ways even in the very people

who talk most of universal brotherhood. And finally, it will not grow

weaker in a country wnicn uses "white" as an adjective of supreme

praise for a man or an action.

Alone with this goes national ore

ludice or patriotism. This is based

not only on a self-protectlte instinct,

bnt also on a leeung tnat the conn

try belongs by some right to the sons of the men who bnllt it, and that new

comers should act as if they were here on sufferance. It runs against.

other breeds- of the same race in the same manner, though with less force that the race- instinct rnns against other races. It has in it more of

fear but still much contempt! It fa-

eludes a real pride in -American achievements, a belief in American

thought and ways, a Jealousy of en

KLANSMEN TO RESCUE

OF DESTITUTE FAMILY

Husband, Wife and Two Small

Children Taken From Tent at Roadside to a Home

sidcrably badgered in America recently, and are accordingly irritated. They react sharply against the alien

wno expresses his open contempt of American wars, who disregards them

to his own profit, who makes himself

too mucn at nonie in scofhng at American traditions, thought or feeling, or who, finally, undertakes to tell Americans how they ought to

be or think or act The justice of

his criticism has nothing to do with the case; the average American is

willing to he kind to him, but discounts all he may say on the ground that he is both self-interested and ig

norant: also, because he is exceeding his privileges. If the alien by any shift gets strength to put his ideas

into eneet, the American gets warmer.

A final extreme irritant is the fact that so many speakers and editors

consider anything American fair

game lor jibes or criticism, from mannerisms of speech or food to the Puritan conscience or the tradition of southern chivalry. The Amer.

leans can grin and bear it when these people make a by-word of "Amerieanism," but they do resent it when

tney shrieK persecution" and "pre judice" at any criticism of non American people or thought The third of these instinctive hos

tihties is religious; specifically against the Roman Catholic church,

since tne resentment against the

Jew is far more racial than relierinns.

The anti-Catholic feeling is based on the memories of three hundred years of war and persecution, on the

belief that the Soman church would if it dared and will if it ever docs dare, renew both its persecution and its claim to political power, and the fnrther belief that the church does control the votes of most of its communicants. My own observations lead me to believe that it does not run so strongly against the church itself as against the Knights of Columbus, who are considered the body through which the ehnrch expects to regain political power, and through which it, now applies political pressure.

it is hardly possible to exaggerate

the strength of this feeling through

the evangelical populations of the

middle west and south. Men there may not be very good Protestants, but they are vigorously anti-Catholic. There is real fear in them. I know intelligent men, well educated, ap

parently sane In every other way, who were "brought up to believe" and are not yet emotionally con-

inced to the contrary that the day

will -come when they or their sons

will have to fight with weapons in hand aa their forefathers did to es

cape papal rule. The stories of guns buried under the churches are de

tails; the fact is that they have a settled conviction that the Roman hierarchy still aims at world rule.

It is easy to condemn all these

feelings. They are as unlovely as may well be; as unlovely as a mailshirt or a battle ax. But their own

ers remember that they have often

served very similar purposes, and

are not yet ready to throw them

away.

Newcomers Against Americanism There are other elements in this

background, however, which are based on reason and wholly modern conditions. There need barely be mentioned the evils from failure to

assimilate recent immigration, the

hyphenism which the war disclosed, the increasing tendency of. newcomers to unite against the Americans instead of trying to assimilate themselves, the increasing political solid

ity of alien elements, and the growing submergence of the native American stock. -

These things are disturbing the

most thoughtful men and women to

day. They are floundering, looking for cures. Their thought is followed, in cruder forms, by millions. And to

these millions the Klan oners a solu

tion of these particular and very

real dimcuiues as well as a relief for prejudices. Many of the men who oppose it because they believe its methods dangerous or ineffective or both, nevertheless admit sympa

thy with its aims and have told me they believed the movement could not be stopped except by curing these erils, or by the discovery of some better method of fighting them.

There is one more factor, which is

helping the Klan campaign. This is

the widespread dissatisfaction among

the farmers and moderately, well-to-

do, especially the native Americans.

Things are not going well with them, in other ways then economically.

They are seeing their children forced

into occupations they detest, their schools are" invaded by teachers they distrust; their Sabbaths are violated., their laws broken almost with impunity, and they themselves are

driven to meet competition and methods they dislike heartily and to

which they can not easily adjust themselves. In other words, they are being forced to "change their

$250,000 IS LEFT TO MALE FRIEND IN WILL

SPRINGFIELD. O.. Jan. 19.

Found living in a tent In freezing weather, hungry and destitute, the family of Thomas Graham was rescued by Klansmen of this city and now is being cared for at the home

of Mr. and Mrs. Harvey A. Reed.

One of the children, Virginia Mav.

is suffering from infantile paralysis and the boy, William, little more than a year old, also was seriously ill, and medical attention has been provided the whole family.

The father, it is said, has been ill

about ten weeks and unable to pro

vide tor his family. The family has been living in the tent at the roadside since early in October. Investigation revealed that the family, came to Springfield in the corn har

vesting season and the father worked !

in the fields until compelled by ill--ness to take to his bed. They came from West Virginia, and the trip was made in a farm wagon of the prairie schooner type. After her husband became ill, Mrs. Graham undertook to provide for her husband and children, but proved unequal to the struggle. When rescued by Klansmen she was in such a weakened condition that she collapsed shortly after she was taken into the Reed home. "We wanted to get back home after the corn season," Graham said. "1 worked all last summer on the farms and would have found work near home this winter if we had been able to get back." Graham is about forty years old

and his prolonged illness has left him in a pitiable condition. His wife, who is about ten years younger, is still "in a serious condition, due to exposure, but physicians believe she will recover. Klansmen will provide for the family until they are able to take care of themselves.

-PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 19. A will, disposing of an estate estimated at $5,000,000, has been left by Mrs. George B. Wilson, 72 years old, orchid collector. A codicil in the will left $250,000 to a man mentioned as "my best friend, Ogden M. Hoagland, known as Jack Henderson, as a token of my affection for his friendship at a time when most needed." G. Searing Wilson, a son, said that "Mr. Hoagland was a very good friend of my mother. I can not tell his address in New York. He spends much of his time in Europe, and while in this country is up in the White Mountains and down in Florida as often as he is in New York."

ever, it Is perfectly simple. Wttfti croachment. It is. of course, much

him the ideas are insihietive and he trusts them. If you point out that they are dangerous, he will reply that Christ declared he did wot tome

to bring peace 1 the world, bnt. a

more than an Instinct, for It Is f os,

tered by our whole educational system, and by the eloquence even of

those w no are trying to undermine it,

Both these instincts cave been cea

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hey . do not like it, no matter if.

the new ways are better. They do

not like to hare alien's passvthem in

prosperity, whether this is dne to their own faults or to the alien's use of methods or a standard of Ht-

lnr which the Americans consider

beneath them. Add to this the race,

national ana reinnons prejudices

and it is very easy for them to blame eTCrythlngr-to the alien in race or relia-loa. It is Very easy to belleye.

too, that the alien is responsible for

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This, in general terms, Is the hack, frronnd to which the Klan idea of natire, white Protestant supremacy ap

peal. These are tne xorces wnicn n

alma to gather together which it actually is gathering togetherrfor

- - (Continued on Page 7)

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