Fiery Cross, Volume 3, Number 10, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 January 1924 — Page 6
; PAGE SIX
,T H "tf I E HTICR OSS
KL AN GIVES FOOD FOR NEEDY AT ATHENS, 0.
ATHENS, 0., Dec. 29. Meigs county Klan No. 57 gave Santa Claus a much-needed lift among the poor families of the city last Tuesday when baskets, laden with all the essentials to a real Christmas dinner, were distributed among nearly one hundred such families. The needy were provided for, regardless of color or creed, and each of the baskets contained the following articles: Two pounds of bacon, two pounds of sugar, a dozen apples, six oranges, a bag of nuts, bag of candy, can of tomatoes, pound of coffee, one towel, rubber ball, set of dominoes, child's book and a Bible. In addition to a generous supply of foodstuffs, toys, fruit, candies and
nuts were included. The baskets M'ero distributed early Christmas morning and the Inmates of the county infirmary also were remembered with a bushel of English wal
nuts, in addition to gifts of canned
fruit, bread, fresh meats, sugar and
other foodstuffs.
Poor Remembered
by Klan at Lisbon
LISBON, O.. Dec. 29. Seven hundred persons were the guests of the Women of the Ku Klux Klan at a
Christmas party given In the Rolla way rink here. An appropriate pro
gram of recitations and music was followed by distribution of gifts from a beautiful Christmas tree, and the poor of the city were remembered
by baskets filled with food and useful gifts.
DARKE COUNTY HLAN r
DISTRIBUTES FOOD
KLAN FOES BIUST, tf
CHANGE THEIR BASE
One Hundred Fiery Crosses
Burn Throughout County in Yuletide Celebration
GREENVILLE, O., Dec. 81.
Members of the Darke county Klan were very active Christmas eve,
more than 200 baskets of -groceries and other provisions being sent out
to the needy families In all parts of the county, along with large amounts
of toys which were sent to the chil
dren of these families. Later In the evening about 100 fiery crosses were burned In the va
rious towns and villages of the
oounty. On Sunday evening before Christ
mas the Christian church at Anson ia, Ohio, was visited by about twenty members of the Ku Klux Klan clad In the full regalia of the order who presented the officials of
the church with an envelope con
talning a sum of money. A short presentation speech was made by one
of the members clad in the Klan re
galia in which he commended the church for the good work they were
doing in the community and also ex
plained to the congregation that the Klan was back of any work of this
kind and would do everything pos
sible to help push it along. In this county one Is almost unable to get an unfavorable expression regarding the Klan organiza tion. it being nearly universally re
garded by the law-abiding citizens
as the greatest movement oi me cen tury.
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RAndolph 0241
(Continued from Page 1) -
terrorism, but refined it. It has
added the most effective methods of
political minority and other
methods, even more .deadly and ef
fective, which are not exactly new In American politics, but have never been employed by so tremendous-aa
organization.
'The first step In the reform -was
the simple and obvious one of rer
moving the cause' for 'attacks based on its reputation for graft, for fomenting disorder and violence, for
being a menace to law and order, and
ror attempting to substitute itself for
the government. It considers that
this has been done.
When" I asked H. W. Evans, the
Imperial Wizard, how much success his reform campaign had achieved, he said:
"As much progress has been made
as it seems to me could have been
expected in the start time since the
change in control of the Klan took place. The Klan is now on the wnole as nearly free from those
evils in personnel as can be expected, so far as we bave definitely ascertained. Naturally failures on the part of members are continually occurring a situation which is perfectly sound may become unsound within a few weeks or a month but whenever such a situation arises it is corrected as soon as the facts are learned.
"Failures on the part of men -to
live up to their teachingsand con
victions are always betrayals of
trust. Klansmen are not free from them. But we have arrived at the
point where the Klan recognizes all such actions as in direct conflict
with its teachings and oath." Mnch Depends on Dr. Evans
This statement, which admits the previous charges against the Klan and the fact of the house-cleaning,
and which admits also that the or
ganization is not yet perfect, is quite typical of Dr. Evans. Before taking up the story of what he has
aone 10 me ivian let us stop lor a
moment to look at the man himself.
His position as Wizard makes him one of the most influential men In America today. On him depends
largely whether the achievements of the Klan be good or bad. Hiram Wesley Evans, then, is in the middle forties; of middle height, too, and tending to put on flesh. He is smooth-shaven, round-headed, and
rather round-faced, with the slightly prominent eyes so commonly tound in politicians. He is a Texan born, a .dentist by profession, an active member of the Christian or Disciples Church, a thirty-second degree Mason, as are many of the Klan leaders. He is a natural orator and speaks with the softness and peculiarities of the south and with something of the tang and rotundity of the old-fashioned political oratory. He gives the impression of 'tremendous activity, backed by great force, His address would lack appeal to an "intellectual" audience; it is extremely effective with "common people." I was told before I saw him, by
one of his intimates, that he was not a great man; that the strength of the Klan was in its ideas rather than in its leaders; but that he was
decidely efficient. My contacts with
him confirmed this estimate. He described himself to me as "the most
average man in America,", and that
can not be improved as a thumb nail sketch.
The story of what Dr. Evana has
done to the Klan and for it came mostly from other people. He said little about it, except as to results, and he was always careful to iden
tify himself with the mass, to ap
pear no more than their leader and
spokesman. Yet the evidence is that
he has almost single-handed taken
control of the organization and
changed it to his purposes. .There seems no doubt that these purposes include personal ambitions for
power, probably for position and possibly for wealth, but there seems also no doubt that he expects to achieve these through carrying the
Klan to power and success, and that
he is too canny to risk the great
triumph for any minor gratification
Immediate Success Won
There is no need to devote much space to the early history of the Klan. It was founded in 1915 in
Atlanta by Colonel W. J. Simmons, a
preacher, dreamer and even accord'
ing to his enemies something of an
idealist, however warped. His im agination had been stirred by out
breaks of race and religious preju dice in Georgia and by the hyphen
ism which was already appearing
he felt that the law was failing to protect the rights either of America
or Americans against organized con
spiracles, and he set out to correct this. He founded his order along the
lines of the Ku Klux Klan of rccon
struction days, which many believe
saved the south from negroes and carpetbaggers. He won some Im
mediate success in enlisting mem'
bers through the appeal of the honor
in which the south still holds the
Klan of the sixties.
Whether he intended it or not,' the tradition of the lawless methods of
the sixties was also carried over, with far less Justification. Many
easily to night-riding and a good many men took the cover of-the new Klan to indulge -this.' -The result
was to bring the Klan Into immediate disrepute throughout the country. The story of these outrages is too well known to need repeating here. s Colonel Simmons, as has bees said, Is a dreamer ; he is nothing of an organizer. The Klan ' crew very slowly. So, presently, he made a contract with E. Y.. Clark, who had bad been highly successful as an
organiser of drives, by which Clark was to get 80 per Cent of the initia
tion fees of 10 each.- Clark had
considerable success, though, his organisers are: accused of appealing to the" 'worst tftotives and prejudices and did the Klan great harm. After paying them,- Clark's - profits were considerable ; he Is said to have made as high" as "f 40,000 a month. Charges : of grail" -and corruption naturally, followed. . : The congressional Inquiry, the exposures in newspapers and magazines and the storm of condemnation which- followed; nearly c hroke
Simmons's heart.. He understood it very little. I Although the Klan was
so organized that he could never have been ousted, he resigned, un-
Ldouhtedly under pressure from the
Evans crowd.
Texas was the star Klan state, and we came to the meeting all ready to go ahead and do something," one man said. "But. when we got here we found the Klan was not going anywhere or aiming to do anything. So we got busy, and Simmons saw the need of a change." About the first thing Evans did
was to cancel Clark's contract. This precipitated a fight, which is still going on. Simmons stood by his friend and they were backed by the
Atlanta Klan. The Evans group re
voked its charter. Although the
fight is hot in Atlanta, I have found
little evidence of It elsewhere, and
none at all in the north. It is cer
tainly having little effect on the
power or growth of the Klan under Evans, and does not seem to threaten
his control. Its chief importance has
been to bring out some facts about the Klan and to show how complete
is the divergence between the old
Klansmen and the new. Colonel
Simmons declares that Evana has utterly betrayed .and perverted the
Klan and its ideals.. Personal Profits Stopped
One result of the Evans regime
was apparent at once; big personal profits were stopped. Clark had
built a splendid home in Atlanta ;
Evans lived for a white in a $65-a-month fiat, and his present home is
a modest one. When Evans took
charge, the Klan treasury held only about $100,000. The finances, -by the
way, are under complete control of the Wizard. By July 31, 1923, the
treasury held assets of $1,087,273 and
liabilities of $1,705 (balance, $1,-
085,568), as against assets of $403,'
173 and liabilities of $247,227
(balance, $155,946) a year before
Dr. Evans and his friends feel that they are pretty well clear of the
charge of graft.
This matter being attended to. Dr.
Evans took up the question of law
lessness. His practical mind saw
clearly that It not only accomplished
nothing, but that it aroused op past
tion, gave enemies of the Klan. their
best ground for attack, and emphat
Ically blocked all possibility of carrying the Klan into the northern
states, or among the better classes anywhere, and so making it a real
power. This is apart from his per
sonal views on the morals of vio
lence. On those he spoke to me as strongly as any enemy of the Klan
could speak.,
At first he gave his attention to
specific Instances ot violence, often
going to places where trouble was
brewing. One story is tola or.
town in which the antl-Khtn forces
had organized-to break up a Klavern
(Klan assembly). Evans managed to
eet to the meeting after it bad as
aembled. and found some 140 men
all armed to the teeth, ready lo go
forth tn battle. Around the house
was a mob, not well organized but
dangerous. Evans took his stand be
fore the door and for lour nours argued with his followers. In the end he induced them to leave their arms In the building and go out de
fenseless. Some were wounded many- were mauled, but not one struck a blow. By this and similar means he tried to establish the Idea
that a Klansman must not use violence.
But he soon found that this was
not enough, and made an open and direct fight inside the order. This
culminated tn an imperial convoca
tion (a meeting) oi the Grand
Draeons (state heads) with minor
officials, at Ashevllle, North Carolina,
tost July. At this meeting he not only defined the new; purposes and methods he had been perfecting as
will be told , in a later article, out laid down the law on the subject of violence. In closing his address he said: ; v..-, .
'We have not been appointed hy
Almighty God or any imperial
Wizard to go out meddling, in pmer people's business. Our duty is to get behind the constituted officers of theTaw, as every one of yon have sworn to do. Let's get a national law enforcement program let's
fix It so people will have to go to
the penitentiary for violating iaw. You can not enforce laws In the
form of a super-government trying
to force your will or your govern
ment on the law of the land, ine first time one of your Klansmen
violates the law, thus breaking his
ohlisation. thus doing a thing in Qi
rect conflict with that for which we
stand, let us administer- on him as
Klansmen for breaking his obllga
tion. Let'ns then eet them outside
the Klan and let the Judge and Jury
and the penitentiary; take care .of them. When we -do this, the thing
will fade like the morning dew.
"The Wizard is not responsible for
any violation. ?1 am going to tell you now, you" go" home and do your duty and the first time you have a bunch
of Klansmen that break a law flo .not
eet behind them. Put your influence
with the constituted officers of the
law,, and go with the law and act
through the la-Wj and thus once ana
tor all and eternally end tais accu aatlon." '
- This, mind vou. was to Klansmen
alone, and not a public statement Dr. Evans may have - Intended to
make It public later, Dot tn Clansmen rathered could not know that.
Dr. Evans soon succeeded in e citing fb the head of the Klan to
various states, men j who supported this amnafEnt. One such la Gen
eral Nathan Bedford Forrest; Grand.
famous confederate general, who was head.? th !Qaa-ef ISGfcv General Forrest is an unusually high type of man,; strong and clean, and he has made- aa open Ughf.- His "realm" was one ot the worst, since it was the first organized' under the "ild methods. His record, however, Is
typical or several other southern! Grand Dragons. , . . General Forrest told me, with some bitterness, how people were continually calling on the Klan to redress grievances by beating up
some neighbor. He denied vigor
ously that the Klaa touched any such
anairs, except to send all complaints
to the regular law officers. "II they
fail in their duty, then we tell the local Klan and let It bring pressure
near in the next election," he
added.
Ho admitted that there were
cases In which people had used the
Klan regalia to cover crime, and
fewer cases in which Klansmen
themselves had broken the law, al
ways without sanction of the Klan
Wherever this is suspected to have
occurred the local Klan is under or
ders to help bring the offenders to justice. General Forrest as Grand
Dragon has offered a reward of
$1,500 for the conviction of any of
fending Klansman, and in Macon,
where some night-riders were on
trial and Klansmen were suspected,
he sent detectives to work under the
sheriff. Men were finally brought to trial on their evidence, and he had
statement made in court that the
Klan did not indorse, support, or
protect the men. In at least four cases where local Klans have mis
behaved he has revoked their char
ters and given his evidence against
themto the courts.
A Decent Organization
He has got results. "The Klan
used to be made up of riff-raff not
criminals, but rowdies and low class
folks," one of the best-known men
in Georgia told me, and others
agreed. "Now it is getting the repu tatlon of being a decent arganiza
tion and a lot of much better men
are Joining it This is mostly since violence has been stopped. There
has been very little for quite a while."
The final measure taken to stop
violence is perhaps a good test of
the sincerity of the reform. In
many states no member is now permitted to take his regalia from the Klavera without permission. All
hoods and robes are checked with a doorEeeper, and are never in pos
session of a Klansman except for official -business. This measure de
stroys the chief excuse of the Klan In case of outrages the plea that
the regalia was used without permission. In every place where I investigated or from which I have reports this reform of the Klan has been made clear to every member and is insisted upon in all propaganda. Thus, officially at least, the Klan has cleared its skirts. The extent to which the change has been accepted by the members Is another matter, which will be taken up later. But, since there are now so few reports of Klan violence, it seems clear that until new evidence appears the new orders must be accepted as a real , position, fairly well maintained. So far as the lead
ers are concerned or can make their orders effective, the Klan does not take the law into its own hands nor
permit its members to do so..
." Opponents of the Klan naturally deny the sincerity of this reform. They charge that it was forced by the exposures and the prospect of internal disruption, that it is purely hypocritical, a matter of tactics adopted for" the expediency ot the moment, which will be abandoned whenever some new expediency
dictates. -
There is, of course, no means at
the disposal of a reporter to determine men's motives. I put the
question to a leading Klansman.
"I can t prove to you that it isn't
so," he . smiled. "But I will point out two things: First, the Klan is! absolutely committed, inside and out.
If it fails to live up to the reform, it
will be damned- much more com
pletely than before. Second, the great Influx of members has come since the law-and-order program
was made clear. , They prove that
this program is good policy. The
Klaa, will not be foolish enough to change. Moreover, the new members agree -with this principle; they now constitute a majority, and they
will see that it is lived up to."
Whatever the motive, it is certain
that the Klan must be handled on the basis of the reality ot this reform, so far as any efforts go either
to detach present members or to pre
vent its spread. Its propaganda is
so unequivocal and its record so greatly improved that with these men the argument of lawlessness carries ho weight.
This reform, then, is the first and
most important step ot the Klan in nrenaring for its great campaign.
So far as it ia. successiui ana gains
credence it ww protect the movemen from the charges which have
been the only basis for most of the
attacks on it. Dr. Evans calculates,
with some reason, that the whole attack" will fall if those charges become untenable. Certainly enemies
of. the Klan would be forced to a
Chang of" base not a great hard
ship in view of the poor success oi their efforts to prevent the growth ot the Klan so far. Certainly: also new attacks would have to be based on the, new ideals; program and methods of ..the Klan, even though such attacks would be more difficult
than the old, calling for argument
and education rather than simple condemnation.
Violence and graft, however, are
tint the only things that have been
charged against the Klan. There are certain features of the order which are a part ot its very growth
and Btrucjtura- which are obviously
danserous, and which are far more
difficult o. "reform, . . . These wilr he
'MAD PF 0TONNELL
5TILL RUNNKGWHD
DAYTON, O , Dec. 29.The "poison
squad" of the un-American Unity
League is about to attempt an anti-
Klan crusade here, according to announcement in a local newspaper.
"Mad Pat" O'Donnell who, it is un-!
derstood, is not in full and hearty accord with the Klan's policy of
Americanism, is to he one of the
speakers, and curiously enough there
is not a Smith, Brown or Jones on the list. However, Rabbi Abram Herschberger of Illinois, the Rt. Rev.
Msgr, J. F. Noll of Indiana, and
Thomas F. McDonald ot Illinois, who,
with O'Donnell, make up the squad?
promise to explain to the folks of
Dayton why the Klan should and must be crushed.
The Unity League wants more
members, candidly admits the representative who is here to arrange for halls and other details ot the local
campaign. He confesses that the
league is not meeting with the ex
pectations of "Mad Pat" and hopes
that Dayton will climb on the O'Don
nell band wagon and help wipe the Klan off the map. This, he also ac
knowledged, is not going to be an easy task; therefore, Mister O'Donnell needs all the volunteers he can
enlist.
B0Y,i2,B CHAMPION i ; SPELLER OF fflS STATS
SPRINGFIELD, 111., Dec. 28.B. cause he was able to spell chrrt anthemum8" and "knickknackB,". together nHth 475 other words. It-year
old William P. Jones, of Cowdeo, Shelby county, finished first ia the state spelling bee. Eloise Combes, of Deland, Piatt county, was seo ond. Romald Smith ' from - Whit county tied with Georgia Hankla of
Union county for third place, and won in the match to dccWe the deadlock.
MacMIllan, in Arctic Wastes, Gets Sister's Badlo Greeting CHICAGO, Dec. 28. Donald MaoMillan, frozen in the ice eleven degrees from the North Polo, early Christmas day received a greeting by radio from his sister, Mrs. Lillian Fogg of Freeport, Me., who came to Chicago to talk to the Arctio explorer. Messages from MacMillaa sent in telegraphic codo to the broadcasting station acknowledged
the greetings. Mrs. Fogg's daughters, Lillian and May, also greeted their uncle. After the personal messages, Christmas carols were sung for the exploring crew and a prayer service was held.
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taken up la the next article. "Old
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