Evening Republican, Volume 23, Number 53, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 1 March 1920 — Page 5

Criminals Are Made, Not Born

Hlmnw Expert Declares Ninety Per Cent Could Be Kept » in Right Path if Reached Eady

Crimiriala are made, not born, according to a prominent Illinois jurist who has studied the juvenile question from the bench for nine years and who ought to know. This is what he says: “Criminals are made and not born,” he says. “Ninety per cent of those made could be kept in the right paths if reached early enough. “Lack of parental control or home conditions which cause the boy to seek amusement or companionship elsewhere, almost invariably end in trouble for the boy. He gets in bad company and the next thing he is in court charged with petty thievery or destruction of property, the usual juvenile misdemeanors. “Certain kinds of moving pictures, too; have a bad effect. The glamor of lawlessness and crime should never be seen by the growing boy, as they tend to influence a desire for imitation. “Keep your boy away from the ‘gang spirit.* That is where most of the trouble comes in. There are organised groups of boys who go around together and get into trouble. These groups or gangs have some meeting place in a shack or barn somewhere. This’ is due to the neglect of the parents, who should have the boys home where they can be properly supervised. It is up to the parents to break up these gangs. They can do it easier than any one else. “Few cases come into court where the boy is of good family, a regular attendant, at school and living in good surroundings. When this happens the bov is generally a mental deficient in some manner or another.” Explaining the purpose of the juvenile court, the jurist said: “The primary object is the welfare of the child. We try to impress ♦hat upon the parents and to secure their co-operation. Boys are paroled always when it is their first offense. If brought in a second time and they show no signs of doing better we take them from their parents and put them where someone will see that they have proper supervision and carer We try to keep them out of institutions as long as possible. When they are paroled we try to go further through visiting their homes and advising their psrents and seeking to change the conditions which caused the trouble. We do not want to take the children from their parents, but instead try to keep the home intact. When it comes to a point where the parents won’t co-operate with us and there is apparently no hope of reforming the boy in his home, we take him away. There is nothing left then, but that, for the boy’s own good.”

AMERICAN’S CREED

School Children Arc Being Urged to Memorize It

School children In many cities -and towns throughout the country are betas urged to memoriae “The American’s Creed,” which Is. as follows: -I believe In the United States of America as a government of the people, by the people, for the people; whose just powers are derived from - the consent of the governed; a democracy In a republic; a sovereign nation of many sovereign states; a perfect union, one and inseparable; established upon those principles of freedom. equality, justice, and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their Ilves and fortunes. “I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to love it; to support Its Constitution: to obey its laws; to respect its flag; and to defend it Against all enemies."

Kiev, Capital of Ukraine, Is Great Religious City

Kiev, the ancient capital of Ukraine, to one of the world’s great religious cities. In normal times it counts as many as from 200,000 to 350,000 pilgrims every year. Before the Mongol storm which laid it in the dust in the thirteenth century, Kiev was resplendent with all the glory of Byzantine art. Even now in 'all that remains of the great cathedral of St. Sophia, built in 1037 by Yaroslav L mosaics may be traced which show unmistakably their Byzantine origin. Kiev before the war had regained some of her fame as an art center. Her cathedral of St. Vladimir, which was completed in the nineties. Is witness to the genius of one of Russia’s modern painters, Victor Vasnietov, who has infused a new life into the religious art of his ronntry. Kiev has also an art museum —or she had before the bolshevik! had the run of the city.

SAYINGS OF WISE MEN

A cord mouth and warm feet Hve long.—George Herbert. From hearing comes wisdom, from speaking, repentance. The modern child has as little belief in the fairy tales his mother tells him as she herself has in the ones his father tells her. Wise or unwise, who doubts for a moment that contentment is the cause of happiness? The Frenchman sings well when his throat is moistened.— Portuguese Proverb.

To Remove Varnish Stain.

To remove varnish stains on doth, 4rwt wet the spots with alcohol two «r three times, then rub with a dean doth. If the color Is Injured, sponge afterward witn cniorororm to restore it, be used instead!**

TIME TO BE WISE

Yea; I write verses now and then. But blunt and flaccid is my pen. No longer talked of by young men As ratlWr clever; In the last quarter are my eyes. You see it in' their form and slm; Is it not time then to be wise? Or now or never. Fairest that ever sprang from Eve! When Time allows the short reprieve. Just look at me! would you believe •Twas once a lover T I cannot clear the flve-bar gate; But, trying first its timber’s state. Climb stiffly up, take breath, and. wait To trundle over. Through gallopade I cannot swing The entangling blooms of Beauty’s spring; I cannot say the .tender thing, Be’t true or false,— And am be<innlngr to opine Those girls are only half divine Whose waists you wicked boys entwine In giddy waits. I fear that arm above that shoulder; I wish them wlsef, graver, older, Sedater, and no harm If colder. And panting less. Ah! people were not half so wild In former days when starchly mild. Upon her high-heeled Essex smiled . The brave Queen Besa —Walter Savage Lander.

Arabian Inventor Said to Have Been First to Devise Airplane and Make Flight

Abbas Ben Farnas, an Arabian inventor, it is said, was the first human being to invent and fly an airplane. He died as a result of his first flight in the year 783 A. D., during the reign of the Caliph Haroun al Raschld, history records. Abbas is supposed to have conceived the Idea of effecting mechanical flight as a means of approaching the heavens and aiding astronomical observations, from historical documents still In existence In Bagdad. With the consent and assistance of the Caliph he set to work to construct a machine In the likeness of a bird, with a clockwork motor to actuate the wings. In the presence of a great multitude Abbas actually effected a flight which lasted several seconds, but In landing his machine was wrecked, and the Inventor was hurled headlong against a tree and killed instantly. The secret of the construction of the first airplane died with the inventor. The Caliph al Raschld offered huge Inducements to other eminent scientists to pursue the study of aviation, but none was found with sufficient genius to repeat the pioneer flyer’s exploit

Many Places Are Named for Ornithologist and Artist

John James Audubon, famed ornithologist and artist will not be forgotten so long as New York lives. In the upper section of the city there la a fine street named after him; there is Audubon park, Audubon theater, a hundred pr'so Audubon restaurants; a telephone exchange is Audubon and the old Audubon mansion at One Hundred and Fifty-fifth streets and Riverside drive still stands. In thia ancient dwelling remains the artist’s studio and the laundry tn which was Installed by his friend Morse the telegraphic instrument by which was transmitted the flrat long-distance rr-p t- J

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

Naturalist Picks Beaver From Among All Others as Most Intelligent Animal

We rend much about animal sagacity and there is a common query: “Which Is the moat intelligent animal?” This query, writes Raymond L. Ditmars In Boys’ Life, most frequently relates to the results In training animals to do surprising things or to do the "smart" tilings that many captive animals do. Association with the human and the artificial conditions of captivity bring forth many surprising traits in animals, but such have little to do with this story. When the writer Is asked which he considers the most Intelligent animal he has no hesitation In answering, although the. subject designated may cause much surprise. Despite the adoption of the horse and the elephant to domestic use, the docility and affection of the dog, the marvelous feats accomplished by trained sea lions and other marked demonstrations of intelligence among the larger animals, the writer is unwavering in his decision, and this comes after years of observation and deduction. He picks the beaver as the star of animal sagacity. And the choice comes from an order of mammals not usually credited with a high degree of Intelligence. This Is the order of rodents, or gnawing animals. It contains an Immense number of species, the greater number of small size and scattered over all parts of the world. To this order belongs the rats and mice, the squirrel, porcupine, rabbit and marmots. The prairie “dog" is a member of this order and a fair rival of the beaver in solving problems of Ingenious construction. All the rodents are characteristic In having strangely developed incisor teeth—those immediately at the front of both the upper and lower jaw. These teeth, proportionately larger and longer than with other animals, are continually growing and their edges meet In a fashidh to become much sharpened during constant use like a double set of rapidly moving chisels. Thus the rat gnaws holes through wood and plaster, the squirrel gnaws through the shells of the hardest nuts and the porcupine—much to the chagrin of the camper—chisels out a generous hole in one’s camera In solving the nature of the interior.

Mother’s Cook Book

To work, to help and to be helped, to learn sympathy through suffering, to learn, faith by perplexity, to reach truth though wonder; behold! this is what It Is to prosper; this Is what It Is to live.— Phillips Brooks. Food for the Family. To give the children variety the following will befound wholesome, with milk, for the supper dish: Pulled Bread. Take a loaf of freshly baked bread within an hour after it is baked. Tear off the crust, pull the bread into strips, using two forks. Put Into a buttered baking dish and bake a golden brown In a quick oven. Irish Btew. Cut three pounds of mutton Into inch cubes, season with salt and pepper, dredge with flour arid, fry in fat until well browned. Cover with boiling water and simmer until the meat is tender. One-half hour before serving add one cupful each of potatoes, carrots, turnips, cut in dice, one-half cupful of onion. Cook until the vegetables are tender, adding boiling water If necessary. Serve with dumplings. Salmon With Rice. Line a buttered mold with cold cooked rice, fill the center with creamed cover with more rics , put the cover on the mold and steam half an hour or more. Serve with cream seasoned with lemon Juice or curry or minced parsley. Baked Bean*. Soak over night one pint of small beans; the next morning drain, cover the beans with boiling water, cook slowly until the skins crack. Drain, put them into a bean pot, sprinkle the top with two tablespoonfuls of chopped onion, pour over a pint of strained tomatoes and sprinkle with one teaspoonful of salt, cover the pan and bake slowly four hours, adding more tomatoes as those are absorbed by the beans. Fifteen minutes before serving add a tablespoonful of sweet chicken fat or beef fat, remove the lid and brown.

First Indian Sign Made by Man Named Chichester

A man named Chichester was first to Introduce wooden figures as tobacconists’ signs in America. This was in the middle of the nineteenth century. Most of these Indian figures were carved out of white pine, from paper pattern*. The Instruments ranged from the ax to the chisel and finer wood earring tool* Regular artists had their little shops where these figures were made and old figures repaired and repainted. ” J -

Lens Industry Revived.

A revival of the lens industry la anticipated In Sheffield. England, and the exhibits in this line range from the smallest telescope to a Ims with « diameter of nine :

Remarkable Launching Sidewise of Vessel 95 Per Cent Complete

Nine thousand, six hundred-ton steamer City of Sherman launched at Pensacola, Fla. The vessel went overboard 95 per cent complete and is the second vessel in the world to go overboard with steam up and soundIng her own salute. The vessel was named for the city of Sherman, Tex., one of the first cities to go over in the Victory lean drive.

FEED FOR THE HEN

Many poultry feeders have a very meager idea of the feed required for one hen a day. This Information would enable them to feed more intelligently and more economically. The question before all poultry growers is how to feed their chickens more economically and yet get satisfactory results. In making changes in rations one must remember that any quick or marked change will have a bad effect on the hen. Changes should be made gradually, "it takes a month for a hen to respond-to a new method of feeding and if this new method can be adopted generally no ill effects are likely to follow. Frequently a new fation is criticized, when the fault is not with the ration but with the feeder in making the sudden change. The University of Missouri college of agriculture recommends corn, two parts, and wheat, one part, for scratch food. This constitutes two-thirds of the ration. A mash consisting of equal parts by weight of bran, shorts, cornmeal anti beef scrap is recommended for the rest of the ration. At present prices for com and wheat the scratch food mentioned will cost about $4 a hundred. At present prices for mash constituents — bran about $l6O, shorts $2.60, cornmeal $4 and beef scrap s4' ■ -the mash would cost $3 a hundred. If a hen requires 70 pounds of feed per year, 50 pounds scratch food and 20 pounds mash, the cost for grain and mash would be $2 and 00 cents respectively. Thus the total food cost per hen per year would be $2.60.

Handwriting Regarded as an Index to Mental State

That handwriting is regarded as an Index to certain mental conditions Is well known. If you have ever consulted a nerve specialist one -of the first questions which he will ask is, Save you paid any attention *to the way you write? Do you notice that your hand does not act with freedom or is uncertain' in its action? If so. It will help me to arrive at a better diagnosis of your case.” His years of experience tell him that any variation In script may have some special significance, that a nervous quiver or vagary has a story to relate concerning the nerves and their relation to an Individual’s mental state and thus he Is able to treat his case with greater exactness. A little scrap of paper, but how significant!

Honor Absolutely Individual and Personal, Howells Says

Honor is something else than notoriety, which In turn is something very different from fame or character. Notoriety Is current familiarity with a man’s name, which Is given by much mention of It arising from any kind of conduct, Reputation is favorable notoriety as distinguished from fame, which Is permanent approval of great deeds or noble thoughts by the best intelligence of numkind. But honor Is absolutely individual and personal. It is conscious and willing loyalty tothe highest inward leading.—Howell*

Longest Word in Dictionary.

According to Bailey’s dictionary, the longest word in the English language is honorificabilltudlnlty, which has 22 letter* But, in “Love’s Labor Lost,* act IV, scene 1. the same word, meaning honorableness, occurs tn an even longer form —honortflcebilitudlnltattbu* These words are now obsolete and are only met with tn old play* The longest words likely to occur, in the ordinary course, are dlsproportlonableness „ and Incomprehensibilltie* >oth of which contain >1 letter*

Some Phrases in Common Use Date Baek to Mother Country; Reflect Customs Long Dead

Many a phrase In common use today dates back to the mother country, England, and reflects old customs, long dead. Long ago In the days of feudalism the dependents of a baron or feudal lord displayed his badge pinned on their sleeves. Sometimes, while on an expedition of their own, these vassals exchanged their badge for that of anether, to prevent recognition. This gave rise to the saying: “You may wear the badge, but I cannot pin my faith on your sleeve; I require some further evidence whence you came.” To this day, we hear the expression do not “pin your faith-on it.” _ Another phrase of old origin came. from an Incident of the sixteenth century at Westminster. In December, 1540, the abbey church of St. Peter was constituted a cathedral, with a resident bishop. Ten years later this order was revoked, the diocese of Westminster being united to that of St. Paul’s cathedral. Its revenues were granted toward the repairs of the latter church, that Is, taken from St Peter’s and given to St Paul’s. So we refer to an event which happened almost four centuries ago when we speak of robbing Peter to pay Paul.

Children Provided For in Inheritance Laws of Belgium

The law of inheritance in Belgium is of a nature to promote thrift, or rather, to prevent the dissipation of property, because it makes the family possessions a common fund in which children have defined rights, observes an exchange. The law treats the property of the father and mother as one. When either dies the whole property is valued and half goes to the survivor. The remaining half is divided into equal parts among the children. On the death of the other parent the second half, with whatever accretions he or she may have made in the interval, is subdivided among the children. The law is automatic, the children know the proportion- in which they will benefit and the parents can not alienate their property.

HERE AND THERE

A short-sighted man always expects his neighbor to look through his glasses. Occasionally a man remains in dabs because he is true to his first love. If time were money the average man would have his watch geared to run 48 hours a daj. About once in - a thousand years there is a girl_who really is surprised when a man proposes to her. .

“Le Pam de Calende” Used as Cure for Various Ills

A cure for the various maladies that flesh Is heir to was the large loaf made chiefly in Provence, and called “le pain de calende.” It was very large and very white, and from ft was cut a small piece marked with a knife with three or four crosses. This was 'Carefully preserved as a/remedy to be used when required, remainder of the loaf was divided among the family on the test of the Epiphany.

Do More Than Your Duty.

Dent be content with doing only year duty.’ Do more than year Wo the horse that finishes a neck •head that wte the race.—Andrew Oaroegls, n' * ■■lk ft- Ml

War, Execution of Saloons and Disappearance of Free Lunch Rooms—Hobo No More.

Whst has become of the old-time) hobo? - . Not that anybody wants him back again, but his disappearance la a my»> tery. To be sure, the war cleaned himi out, but even so, be was a diminishing quantity before the bugle called. Chief Thomas Shaughnessy of Madison, Wls., like many other police chiefs, reports that the tramp has censed to be a problem for him and that the hobo is extinct Despite the war, it Is still a puzzle to Madison’s custodian of the law what han become of the 2,605 hoboes who have disappeared from Madison in the last five years. In 1914, the total number of lodgers at the police station was 2,820, in comparison with 215 in 1919. The extinction or execution of the saloon is one contributing factor to the lyk of H ’boes” according to Chief Shaughnessy. Disappearance of free' lunches and riumbering Joints Lave set the tramps to working for bread and butter. Scarcity of labor during, the war forced a lot of the trlflers to work. And a lot learned how to work In the grmy, says the chief. In 1914, 2,820 lodgers registered at! the police station; In 1915, 3,486; in; 1916, 2,320; In 1917,1,066; in 1918,156 $ and in 1919, 215. The almost steady, decrease in numbers Is shown by *' comparison of the lodgers in the months of December during the five years which show 813 lodgers at the police station in 1914; 518 in 1915; 166 in 1916 ; 40 in 1917; 15 in 1918, and only Several in 1919.

Azores Onoe the Object of Scientific Interest Owing to the Volcanic Eruptions

The Azores Islands were made the objects of scientific Interest by the volcanic eruptions and earthquakes while the former were alive. Suboceanic eruptions, sometimes piling up islands which soon disappeared, were characteristic phenomena. The Azores comprise three groups of Islands, their total area being less than that of Rhode Island. Their population Is about 800,000, most of the Inhabitants being Portuguese. About the middle of the fifteenth century the Portuguese sent expeditions to settle on these .islands. One island* Fayal, was presented by Alfonso V of Portugal, to his aunt, Isabella, duchess of Burgundy. It was upon her marriage to Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, that he founded the famous knightly order of the Golden Fleece. Celumbus halted at the Azores on his way home after discovering America, to offer thanks. On Santa Maria is the church where he knelt

IT IS TO LAUGH

Fatal Originality-

Friend —W ha t a stunner for you * proposal would be. "Bobby, what did you do with your •peanut shells In the carl" "I put 'em In the overcoat pocket of that man I was Bittin' by,” Mind. Maud—ls he has proposed, why don’t you accept him? Mabel—l can't make up my mind whether I would like him when I got. him home. Auto Classification.

“What kind of people are the Grabcoins?” “In what respects?” “In all respects.” “They are seven car people.”

At the Wrong End. Grocer —Now you’ve come hat for a little money, I hope you’ll pajj me what you owe me. Owen Mutch—teth see, your name is Timmerman, isn’t it? Sorry, old man, but Pm paying off an my cred. Itors in alphabetical order. Near Enough. Bacon—Wouldn’t you like to see th* battle fields in Europe? , Egbert—Oh, Tvs seen ’em. Bacon—Why, yqu haven’t been over since the war, have you? Egbert—No; but Pve been.to tbg movies.

Horn Powder in Medicine

So extensively does powdered animal born enter Into native remedies , in China that some of the larger medicine factories maintain herds of deer for their horns. ... ...... .

Versatile Soldiers.

It la said that an of the soldiers in the armies of Sweden and Denmark can read and write, -■ , ... a ''Ll. ‘

She—Men are such dull creatures. I should simply drop dead if one of them should say something to me PA never heard before. Her Dear