Evening Republican, Volume 22, Number 146, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 21 June 1919 — Page 2

3 Gorman finanrial delegates after a meeting with allied representatives in Versailles. 2— istration In Rome over the Flume question. 3-Frencb child at the entrance of her subterranean home In the ruined district of France. ' — ‘ —

Relief Goes On After War Ends

Work With American Expeditionary Forces to Continue for Some Time. EFFORTS ARE CO-ORDINATED One War Worker for Every 150 Men and One Hut Operated for Every 900 Men— Headquarters Inaugurates New Plan. Paris. —Although the tumult and the shouting have died qver here, and the captains, having assisted in effecting the exit of the kings, are themselves beginning to depart, the American program of war work with the American expeditionary forces “carries on” with increased resources and effectiveness. The other day the American expeditionary forces took stock of the agencies from the homeland that are serving the doughboy. The stock-taking was preliminary to the newly instituted general headquarters program for co-ordinating the work of these agencies to the best advantage of the men. And the results are illuminating. With approximately 1,500,000 doughboys still in France and occupied Germany, there is now one American war worker over here for every 150 men and one hut operated by an American war work organization for every 900 men. The totals as given in the resume for all the war agencies, exclusive of the American Red Cross, are-9.618 men and women workers and 1.656 huts. ■Of the total number of workers, 8.350 are representatives of the 1 oung Men s Christian association, leaving the overseas war work strength of all other ' organizations at 1.268. Of the total number of huts. 1.507 are operated by the Young Men’s Christian association, and dhe remainder, 149 by all other war work agencies. All Increased. The stock taking showed that every one of the American agencies has- increased its personnel in the five months since the signingof the mistice —the Young Men's Christian association, for instance, having addled 726 workers to its strength. With these resources at haiid the general staff of the American expeditionary forces has undertaken to supervise and regulate the service given to soldier* by the auxiliary organizations. General welfare officers are to be appointed, one to each combat division, each similar unit of the service of supplies and each higher headquarters. Their duties will be to supervise

Ammonia Guns Turned on “Rum Detectives”

Kennehunk. Me. —Residents_of Tort county who have been shocked by the introduction of ammonia pistols into the rum traffic. Deputy Sheriff Perley D. Greenleaf of this town being shot np when he attempted to hold np a touring cross-state car, are reminded by old-timers that ammonia is not a newfangled weapon. He is not the first York county officer to be overpowered by these fumes and turned from his official duties. The other instances occurred at Saco, it is recalled, when a raiding officer attempted to catch a certain drug store with the goods. As the officer entered through a back window there was an Immediate “gas attack’!, launched In the form of a bottle of ammonia from a handy shelf in the back shop. It did its work effectively, and that, was the end that raid.

j athletic and amusement' programs; de- . terratne'the proper disposition of huts, j restaurants and entertainment halls; recommend readjustments where roe—- : reational facilities are Inadequate or where there is duplication of effort, and to notify war work agencies of the location of all units. They will decide whether there are too many or too few war workers in their territories and where necessary, will obtain details of non-commissioned officers and men to aid the war workers. " The welfare officers, will have jurisdiction over free distribution of food and supplies by the various war work organizations. 1 The Yohng Men’s Christian association, which is operating 1.600 huts In France, is said to have expended half the amount which will be available to it for use in France. It .has operated the canteen service at a loss. Witlp the army taking over the canteen service, however, the expenses of the Young Men’s Christian association will be reduced. r Some idea of the expenditure made

Japanese Courts Simple and Quiet

No Wrangling of Counsdl Allowed and Sentences Generally Are Fair. CASES TRIED WITHOUT JURY Many Unusual Points of Difference Between American Tribunals and Their Counterparts in JapanMinor Cases to Police. Tokyo.—A Japanese criminal court Is almost as difficult to get Into as a spectator as it is difficult to get out of as a prisoner, but there are enough unf usual points of difference between American tribunals and their counterparts in Japan to make at least one visit instructive, if not profitable. Criminal trials in Japan are public, ! but not blatantly so, and idle curiosity is not encouraged. To be permitted to even enter the grounds surrounding the "court buildings one must secure the formal permission of the I stern police official at the gate, and that, permission is only secured through the presentation of some good reason why the solicitor should be permitted ! to pass. Once past the guardian of the gate, however, one may pfobeed into the I courtroom itself without trouble, provided always that he removes his bat i immediately he enters the building, removes his overcoat, if he happens to he wearing one, walks quietly and ; holds his remarks and questions down to a faint whisper. In the main courthouse in Tokyo, which houses the supreme court and the various local' courts, corresponding to the American circuit courts, the corridors are lined during the session by be-sworded gen- | darmes, between the-rows of which the oner with business before the judges wanly walks. No chance is lost to i impress upon everyone the fact that the dignity of the law in Japan is something which must not be trifled | with. Minor Cases to Police. .. Ordinary police court cases in Japan are disposed of in the police stations 1 -themselves* and the police inspectors in charge have the power to exercise a wide discretion. Ordinary drunks, of <£hom thebe are very few, considering that almost every corner grocery store and every tea house and restaurant sells intoxicants, and there are shops every hundred yards

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, D®.

for war work in the period which passed with the institution of the program of -co-ordination Is shown in the record of the Young Men’s Christian vested 84.500.000 in overseas huts and their equipment up to the first of the year, with an average maintenance cost of more than 870,000 a month. It gave away in combat areas from last May to the end of November goods valued at more than $”00,000, and its Christinas gifts to the doughboys last year represented a value of more than $500,000. Its loss in the operation of canteens, done on borrowed capital, was $600,000. It has expended $1,750,000 for-sporting goods for free use of the soldiers. It has leased and operated 37 chocolate find biscuit factories and seven sawmills In France to meet the needs of the work. It has distributed more than $2,000,000 worth of books, literature and Bibles free to the soldiers. The entertainment bill of the Young Men’s Christian association overseas for the last six months had increased to $400,000 a month in February. In three months after the signing of the armistice It gave 11,181 moving picture presentations, representing an aggregate of 83.085.000 feet Of film. The Young Men’s Christian association has transmitted free of charge for the soldiers up to April 5 of this year 312,316 remittances to the value of $18,627,797.65.

most every street, are simply kept long enough to sober up and are discharged with a stern warning. Once he has been sent to headquarters a prisoner’s troubles commence. As a preliminary to all else he is photographed and finger printed, a decided reversal of the American principle, which bars a man from the rogues’ gallery until he has been cdnvicted of a- felony. From the photograph room and the ink pad the prisoner passes on for his “examination,” a legalized third degree, held in an underground room where, without benefit of counsel, he is sweated, perhaps for several days In succession. Then after waiting his turn the prisoner goes to the local court, where he faces a bench of usually four judges, one of whom is head judge and who does all the questioning of the witnesses. On the bench also sits the prosecuting lawyer, with the lawyer for the defense occupying a desk and seat immediately facing the head judg-i Everything is solemn, everything is decorous and, without a jury to impress, there are none of those flights of oratory with which the American lawyers call upon heaven to witness either the scandalous nature of the prisoner’s crime or the halo of innocence so plain to the attorney for the defense. The prisoners sit in a prisoners’ box until their case is called, when thejxstand one by one before the judges and are polished off in rapid succession. Handling of Prisoners. The handling of the prisoners is pure Japanese, however. Delivered at the courthouse for trial, the prisoners are marched from the police wagon in single file handcuffed and tied together by a stout rope that circles each man’s waist and is twisted through his obi. The most unusual feature of all to a stranger is the fact that each prisoner' has his head covered by a wicker mask, more like an inverted wastepaper basket than anything else, the object of which is to prevent recognition of the prisoner, to permit him to hide 4 his shame under the disguise and, very possibly, to prevent the whole file from 1 making a bolt for. liberty. The sight of a prisoner so arrayed is ghastly, the mask bringing up the suggestion of the hangman’s cap. Once in the prisoners’ box, however, the masks are removed, while the prisoners sit with deeply bowed heads In an attitude of the. utmost humility. Japanese courts have the name of being fair and the bench is hanestv -

REFLECTIONS BY THE WAY

Love your enemies—and you’ll b# l eccentric. It you can’t understand it, it may be art or poetry. t Of course, the boys who went over are entitled to a come-back. It has its recompense; The man. who has no music in his soul is equally indifferent to a flat wheel. Ideas are always best introduced into the, system of a man hostile to * ♦hem ,hy mentis. ftf..eapSH,leA— Astronomically—or gastronomically —speaking, the purpose of the'great dipper must be to skim the milky way. „ There is still “border”, warfare. It is in the selection of new parlor wall paper when there are three grown girls in the family. Our gratitude should go forth to the young doctor who keeps the beard — the most characteristic ornament of manhood —alive among the sons of men. One obstruction to so many of our porets is that they are under the necessity of doing a day’s work for their living before they can sit down to indite verse.

MUSKET MAXIMS

A captain is known by the.. company he keeps. It’s a wise corporal that knows his own colonel. There’s many q,n M. P. ’twixt ! *the case and the barracks. ! ... . A leave area Is a beautiful | land of promise completely sur- • rounded by M. P.’s. _ j; 1- ~r ► \ The army of occupation does [ not mean only those fellows i who are going back to their J jobs.—Stars and Stripes.

QUAINT REMEDIES

In old-time Philadelphia quaint remedies were used. Thus we find pokeberries used to make plaster for a cancer. Grapevine sap was used for a hair tonic. To produce a sweat tea was made from magnolia leaves. The berry of this plant was supposed to cure consumption. For the toothache the bayberry root was an accepted remedy. Berries of the cedar tree were supposed to stiffen the spine. A purge was made of alder buds or of elderberries. Goldenrod, the mullein plant and even the lowly burdock were laid under tribute for various maladies. It is hard to find a common weed that was rejected by the eighteenth century pharmacopoeia. The grandmother of all the Philadelphia quacks was a. beldame by the fiame of Sibylla Masters, who two hundred years ago made a fortune by the patent and sale of “Tuscarora rice” for consumption. It was nothing more or less, apparently, than, hominy made from Indian corn. Her husband put up a water mill somewhere near the city to make it. She was an innocent practitioner compared with certain modern profiteers— Philadelphia Public Ledger.

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS

Few persons in India act like' Indians. Few homes in Iceland possess ice boxes. Switzerland has an Alp for each exiled royal head. V-' , If Guam were not an island there’d be another continent. Three thousand five hundred miles of macaroni are eaten , daily in Milan. Lithuania is inhabited by the Letts and Lapland by the Letts Not. If the bolshevik! shaved, their whiskers would stuff 8,765349 mattresses. A young Turk has to think up 73 different excuses each time he is late getting home to his harem.

APROPOS OF NOTHING

Some interpretative dances may still remain "incomprehensible. Probably of all fables, the matrimonial fable of leap year is the most fabulous. • • . * V People who are agitating against the cigarette should smoke one or two and find what it is they are opposing. The most familiar phase of reform Is swearing off from smoking at 8 a. m. and breaking the resolution at 7 p. m. r / . -*— One of the lovable traits of a walking gyclopedla is that he Is always at your service and the soul of obligingness. , ; .1:.

INCOMPLETE REMOVAL OF BLOOD CAUSES MUCH UNSIGHTLY POULTRY ON MARKETS

Correct Grasp of Head at Angle of Jaw and Position of Small Knife When Cutting Vein.

(Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Ante-mortem preparations of Biddy and her fuH-grown brood for the guillotine consist in abstaining from food and drinking plenty of fresh, clear water during the 24 hours before killing time. If dressbd pouttry is to reach the consumer with the best of flavor and wholesomeness, the most attractive appearance, and in the best possible staj:e of preservation, it must be properly killed and dressed, as well as properly raised. A large proportion of the unsightly poultry in markets is caused by an incomplete removal of the blood from the carcass. This is evidenced by red dots which frequently appear where the feathers have been removed, - especially over the thighs and wings., or by small veins over the breast and in the angles of the wings, or larger veins which mar the appearance of the neck. Usually it is the neck which shows most plainly the presence of blood in the fowl, or that a wrong method has been used in cutting the blood vessels. The neck is the first part to discolor, becoming first red, then bluish red or purple, and finally green as aging progresses. Often there are discolored areas, which look like bruises, on the sides o,f the neck close to the head. These are commonly caused by the killer holding the neck of the bird when cutting the veins and thereby preventing the blood from escaping. Much Poultry Badty Bfcd. At least 30 per cent of all the poultry reaching the New York market is incompletely bled. Much of It is so badly bled that It results In a loss of from to 2 to 5 cents a pound. Keeping properties of such fowls are inferior. The flesh loses its firmness sooner, Its flavor is not so good; the odor of stale flesh and finally of putrefaction come earlier, and in every way the product is more perishable. When the feathers are removed by scalding, the bird is killed by bleeding alone, hence the incisions to sever the veins are the only ones attempted, and if the attempt fails bad bleeding will surely result. If, on the

KNIFE OF STEEL FOR KILLING POULTRY

Most Blades Are Too Broad and Too Large to Handle. They Are Insanitary as Blood Collects at Junction of Blade and Handle —Eiflht-lnch File Is Recommended. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Knives, in common use for bleeding and braining poultry are not suited to their purpose, according to United States department of agriculture specialists. The blades are too broad and too long and the curve at the point should be on the back instead of on the cutting edge. The handle is so large that a killer is encouraged to use too much force In making the cut to bleed, whereas a light touch, of the sharp knife, properly directed, Is all that is needed to cut the blood vessels. The knives are also Insanitary, in that dirt collects at the junction of the blade and handle. The knife should be small, with a narrow blade; stiff, so that It does not bend; of the best steel, so that it can be kept sharp and is not nicked when used in braining; and the handle and blade should be in one piece. Such a knife, with the aid of the packing house emery wheel or grindstone and oilstone, can be made from an eight-inch flat file. To make it, the blade should be- shaped from the small end of the file. It should be, for chickens, two inches long, one-fourth inch wide," and one-sixteenth inch thick at the back. For turkeys, the blade should be two and one-half inches long. The curve to make the point should slope from the back downward. A blade of this shape reaches the blood vessels more-sorely than does a blade on which the point corves upward. After the blade is made the ridges on the file should be ground down, leaving jnst enough roughness to prevent the knife slipping in the hand of the killer. The handle should be five inches loqg.

other hand, dry picking is to be practiced, the birds are ent to bleed and are also stuck through the brain to paralyze the feather muscles. The latter operation is sometimes performed by running the knife under the eye at such an angle that its point will touch the skull midway between the eyes and a little behind them; or the braining is accomplished by placing the knife about half way down the groove in the roof of the chicken’s mouth, and then thrusting it up until the knife reaches the top of the skull. The knife, as in sticking under the eye, should touch the brain in the back part of the skull. The point of the knife should then be twflsted slightly, so that enough brain tissue may be destroyed to paralyze the bird and cause the feathers to loosen. Bleeding From Brain. If the “outside-stick” method is practiced, practically no blood escapes. But if braining Inside the mouth Is adopted, the cut blood vessels in the brain find an outlet through the knife hole. Bleeding from these vessels, junder any circumstances, is of assistance, in obtaining the best results, and where the neck vessels are missed the condition of the chicken is often greatly improved by the bleeding from the brain. In killing, the chicken Is held in a U-shaped shackle. The thumb of the killer is pressed firmly down on the head just below and behind the ear where the hinge of the jaw occurs. > Pressure <?F the thump on one side of the skull and on the other side at the same place with the forefinger, or with the forefinger and second finger, will result in opening the chicken’s mouth and hold it open while the operator makes the cut to bleed. Held in such fashion, nothing constricts the blood vessels and prevents the blood from escaping. The pressure against the jaw makes accurate cutting of the veins easier, since the bird cannot close its mouth. Care must be taken not to stretch the neck unduly, else the vessels will be pulled to such a narrow diameter that they are more difficult to find and also more difficult to empty.

VALUE OF MARKET REPORTS

Much Depends on Utilization of Information That Is Made ■ J>iih!ir._ =t===—j (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Effectiveness of the bureau of markets’ work along the various lines of meat and live stock reporting depends upon the extent to which the public utilizes the information that is made available. The whole purpose to be accomplished is to improve conditions in the live stock trade so that production will Bb encouraged, and, furthermore, to shorten the gap between producer and consumer. Any unwarranted margin of profit on meat products can only lessen consumption and disturb values, say department of° agriculture officials. It brings conflict between producing and consuming interests where none should exist.

POULTRY NOTES

Far more chicks die from getting chilled than any other one cause. * * * Spare feeding the first week or two would save many a chick lost otherwise. • • • Air-slaked lime, scattered about houses, yards'and runs, is a great disinfectant. • • • The colony house keeps the farm poultry flock away from the farm buildings. **■_• * * Grit in sufficient quantity means fewer digestive troubles. It must take the place of teeth. i• • * If the range dries up, green food must be supplied In order to produce eggs at a profit. • • * The prevention of poultry diseases is far more important than the cure. It is safer and cheaper and easier work. *