Evening Republican, Volume 22, Number 134, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 7 June 1919 — THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS [ARTICLE]

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

COVENANT TO BE PART OF THE VERSAILLES PEACE TREATY. (Louis H. Hamilton.) In presenting the conclusion of the text of the covenant of the League of Nations we desire to call your attention to the facts that both great political parties are pledged to some kind of an international court. The Republican party, in its na-' tional platform adopted at Chicago June 9, 1916, contained the following: “We believe in the pacific settlement of international disputes and favor the establishment of a world court for that purpose.” In the democratic platform, adopt-, ed at St. Louis June 16, 1916, we find the following: “We hold that it is the duty of the United States to hold its power not’ alone to make itself safe at home, but to secure just interests throughout the world, both for this end and in the interest of humanity, to assist the world in securing settled peace and justice. ' “We believe that every people has the right to choose the sovereign under which it shalb live; that the small states of the world have a right to enjoy from other nations the same respect for their sovereignty and for their territorial integrity that great and powerful nations expect and insist upon; that the world has a right te be free from every disturbance of its peace that has its origin in aggression or disregard of the rights of peoples and nations and we believe that the tiime has come when it is the duty of the United States to join with the' other nations of the world in any FEASIBLE ASSOCIATION that will effectively serve these principles to maintain inviolate the right of the highway of the seas for the common and unhindered use of all nations.” That great statesman, Theodore Roosevelt, whose vision was so clear, said in his last article written for the Kansas City Star: ... “The United States canriot again completely withdraw into its shell. We need not mix in all European quarrels or assume all spheres of interest everywhere to. be ours, but we ought to join with other nations of the world in some scheme that in a time of great stress would offer a likelihood of obtaining just settlements that

will avert war.” Article XXXX. To those colonies and territories which as a conseqence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the states which formerly governed • them and which are inhabited hy peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous condi-, tions of the modern world, there shoiuid be applied the principle that the 'Well being and development of such form a sacred trust of civilization and that securities for the perform ance of this trust should be embodied! in this

covenant. The best method of giving practicable effect to this principle is Vthat the tutelage of such people be iyltrusted to advanced nations who, by - reasons of their resources, their experience or their geographical best undertake this responsib 1 ’v nr iJ&nd who are willing to accept it, 1 that this tutelage should be ex*COUl(*d by them as mandataries on mrse/f of the league. .The charaj Jof the mandate must differ accor/ er 7to the stage of the development lifejche people, its economic condition an i' other similar* circumst ft Certain c immunities formerly belonging to the ' irurkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as 7 independent nations can.be provisionally recognized, subject to the rendering Jof administrative advice ana assistances by a mandatary until sucn time as ythey are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must

be the principal consideration in t)ie selection of the mandatary. Other peoples, especially those of est which are regulated by general conventions but which are not. placed uniler the control- of international bureaus or commissions, the Secretariat of the league shall, subject to the consent of the Council- and if desired by the parlies, collect and distribute all relevant information, and shall render any other assistance which may be necessary or desirable. The Council may include as part ot the expenses of the Secretariat the expenses of any bureau or commission which is placed under the direction of the league. Article xxv. The- members of the league agree to encourage and promote the establishment -and co-operation of duly authorized voluntary national Red Cross organizations having as purposes ip l " । provement of health, the prevention of disease and the mitigation of suffering throughout the world. Article XXVI. Amendments to this covenant will take effect when ratified by the memhers of the league whose-representa-tives compose the Council and by a majority of the members of the league whose representatives compose the Assembly. , ..... No such amendment shall mnd any member of the league which signifies its dissent therefrom, but in that case it shall cease to be a member of the league. _ . Annex to the Covenant.

j One. Original members of the League Yf Nations. „ _ \ Signatories of the Treaty of Peace. \United States of America, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, British Empire, Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, IndtL China, Cuba Czecho-Slovakia, FcuAor. Erance, Greece, Guatemala, HaitiAHedjaz, Honduras, taly, Ja P a f’ Liberia\,Nicaragua, Panama, Po ' land, Portugal, Rumania, Serbia, Siam, U Stites 'in vited to accede to covenant. Argentina Republic, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, ANetherland, Norway,-- Par aPeiA, Salvador, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland Venezuela. . f the Two. FirtU Secretary General of the League of Nations.. If you favdf the ratification of the League of Nations as a .part of’the peace treaty, write to Senators Watsoh and New anij urge them to vote for it and against future wars. Centra? AfS arXt such a stage that thp m mdatarvmust be responsible dor m admimsu-ation Ipf the territory undor which will guarantee freedom of freedom of conscience dr religion> subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of and the defense of terStoryand whl also secure equal trade and commerce of of the league. south” There are territories, silfh as west Africa and • certain r . t the Pacific Islands, which, <#ing to tne soarseness of their populißion or, tneir smaiHize or their remoteSss from the centres of civilization or thtlr S® o *! ? h „ ? C T contiguity to the. ternary of the mandatary and other be best administered under t» law. w the mandatary as integral pt „ uar^s its territory, subject to. the above mentioned in the m ter ®-X rv case indigenous population. In e x n( jg r of mandate, the mandatary to the Council an annual report in re erence to the territory committ|ed to U The a degree of authority, control or afiSn to be B by ' the members bfague, be- explicitly defined uk. fach sh*l be Constituted to receive and examine the 'annual reports of the ’^‘"A^^^te’rs 1 keadvise the Council on al! matters lating to the observance the map

dateS ' Article XXin. ' \ subject to and in accordance with their own countries and in all to which the'ir .‘fj n ™s trial fortiuti necessary international organlzatimis. S’,MEW. the execution of agreement* with rega traffic is necessary In the common tierest' (e) will make provision to se the special necessities of the regions devastated during the war of 1914-1918 shall be In mind; if) wWendeavor t take steps in matters of International concern for the prevention and control ° f diSeaSe Article XXIV. I There shall be placed under the dU rection of the league all international bureaus already established by en ®™ treaties if the parties tosuch treatiesi consent. AH such international hureausl and all commissions for the of matters of international Interest hereafter constituted shall Pl ac *? under the direction of the leagu« In all matters of international