Evening Republican, Volume 22, Number 43, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 20 February 1919 — Page 3

Over 18 Billion, Year’s War Cost

What the American People Had to Pay in 1918 for Operation Against Germany

It cost the American people about $18,160,000,000; to riin its war government and make Joans to the allies in the past year, according to computations from treasury reports. December expenditures above $2,000,000,000, the record of the nation’s history, sent aggregate war costs to approximately $24,500,000,000. Of the $18,160,000,000 paid out of the treasury’s coffers in 1918 probably $10,000,000,000 went for the army and the general military, establishment: about $1,000,000,000 for the navy ; $1,000,000,000 for the shipbuilding program; $1,000,000,000 for other civil government needs, and $4,150,000,000 as loans to America’s brothers in arms. 1 That the public has paid only about one-third of the war s. expenses, excluding foreign leans, in taxes in cash and two-thirds in loans to be repaid in another generation is indicated by treasury figures of collections from various sources. y--

Kansas With 11,184,000 Acres Has 22.8 Per Cent of Winter Wheat Area of United States

A reporter for the federal departmept of agriculture declares that Kansas, with 11,184,000 acres has 22.8 per cent of all the winter wheat area of the United States. A full crop on this enormous acreage, which is 13 per cent larger than the record acreage of last year, w’ould . total 200,000,000 bushels, or more than one-third of the 509,304,000 bushels for the average annual consumption in the United States, the report says. Such a production, with a guafairteed price of $2 a bushel, would bring Kansas $400,000,000. The December report stated that the average condition is 98 per cent. “Not only is this the largest acre- • age of wheat ever sown in a single state, but it is probably the largest acreage ever devoted to a single grain crop of any state,” says the report. “The Texas cotton crop is possibly the only state crop that ever excelled it in area.” A campaign for mobilizing a,great army to harvest the 1919 crop is being worked out by the Kansas City office of the director general of the federal employment service, in charge of western farm labor. Last year the federal employment offices supplied fully half of the 40,000 men used in Kansas and Oklahoma harvest fields. It. is expected many thousand more hands will be needed for the 1919 “yield? Women, children and business and professional men responded to the ‘‘wheat won’t wait” call and helped gather the big war crop.

Ideas Worth Fortunes Are at the Disposal of Those of Inventive Turn of Mind

A soldier was once tramping along a country road on his way to rejoin his unit. Hearing that his luck was rather down, a casual friend put him up for the night at an inn, and on parting with him in the morning gave him some tobacco. To show his gratitude, the soldier parted with the only thing he had which he thought would be of servic'e to his benefactor, the recipe for making bootblacking. Out of that simple recipe was born a great polish firm. “I was singing to the mouthpiece of a telephone," said Edison, “when the vibrations of my voice caused a fine steel point to pierce one of my fingers. That set me to thinking, If I could record the motions of the point and send it over the same surface afterward, I saw no reason why the thing should not talk. That’s the story." 12 was only an idea, but out of that simple notion sprang the phonograph. It was a passing idea which gave the world the discovery of galvanic electricity, so useful in transmitting vocal and written language. Mme. Galvani simply happened to notice the contraction of the muscles of a skinned frog accidentally touched at the moment her husband took a spark from an electric machine. That was the whole thing.

Chinese Use Ancient Method Of Printing and Engraving

The > Chinese follow the primitive way of printing from engraved wooden blocks. The matter to be printed is first written, by means of ink, upon paper, which Is pasted face downward upon a block of a pear or plum tree. After the paper becomes dry It is rubbed & until an inverted impression of the characters is Heft. Then the blank spaces are cut away and the block Is turned over to the printer, who works by hand. He takes care to ink the characters equally and to avoid tearing the impression.

WISE AND OTHERWISE

The man who keeps his selfrespect has saved all that matters. A woman’s Idea of a real party is one for which she feels it 1 necessary to go to an expert to have her hair dressed. Next to shopping for herself there’s nothing a woman likes ■better than helping; another woman to pick out a,new gown. There’s one thing about good work —you never have to worry about being able to’ get away •vfth It.

TIME TO START POULTRY RAISING

At no time in the history of the standard-bred poultry business has there been such a favorable opportunity for the beginner or small breeder to make a good profit from poultry. There has never been a time when it would pay so well to keep even a small flock in the back yard to supply the family needs.* In conversation with a back-yard poulyrymon. writes a poultry expert, we learned that from pine hens The had secured enough eggs during the past year to supply fresh eggs for the table use of a family of three, and they had eggs on. the table at least-one meal every day. His feed bill was very little owing to utilizing the table scraps, which, made into a mash, made Up a nice part of the daily ration. The saving in meat and egg bills was no little item of expense, and, as he put it, “The expense and trouble are so little it’s just like finding them.” For the poultryman the future never was brighter. The demand for stock, eggs and baby is sure to be the greatest in the history of the business, and those who have stuck through the trying times of the past and those who will take up the breeding of standardbred poultry wilf reap a great harvest during the next few years. The present prices of market poultry and eggs, backed up by recent government reports on cold storage holdings, indicate prices will continue to soar higher. The man who is in the poultry business, or can get in even' with a few fowls will come out a long way ahead, even if only a few are kept for his own family use —to reduce the advanced cost of living.

Returning Soldiers Have Outgrown Civilian Clothes

Some of the soldiers returning to civil life from the world war are facing a problem they did not expect—not the problem of finding a job to fit them, but that of finding a suit to do so. As they return to civil life and civil habiliments it seems likely the tailors will be busy, for the men are finding they cannot get into the clothing they discarded when they donned uniforms. Gains in weight up to 25 pounds are common, while some have made greater gains. Those who went in the army young and not fully developed, made especially large gains, but men of twenty-five years and up, who thought they had stopped growing, find that they have added brawn and muscle to a degree that prevents them wearing their former garb and that they;will have to provide themselves with new clothes. In some cases, the shoqS; too, will have to be a size or two larger and made on a wider last as well.

Food Supply Required by Soldiers and Civilians

The man who works hard needs in a day twelve ounces of one or of a combination of the following: Meat, poultry, cheese, dried vegetables, fish or eggs. To vary the above he may count every glass of milk drunk equal to an ounce of any one of the others. The soldiers, either in home or military life, must have four pounds of fresh fruit and vegetables in order to. keep the bony structure in good condition. He will need the three-quarters of a cupful of fat (this includes butter, oil, the fat of meat eaten, or any other fat in the daily diet) to keep him warm, and to this group he must add one and one-fourth pounds of bread or cereal, and finally, in prder to complete the necessary amount of driving power, he must have two ounces of sugar or one-third of a cupful of sirup.

Soap Worth Millions Finds Way Into Sewage in England

Four hundred thousand tons of soap are, it is estimated, used every year In England, practically all of which finds its way into tie sewage. If this could be extracted, the value would be from $40,000,000 to $50,000,000. The residue which was left after all the fatty constituents had been drawn would be of considerable fertilizer value. It would not clog the soli, would be completely sterilized and odorless and could be stored or used bn land without creating' a nuisance. - :

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. RENSSELAER. IND.

Indian Tribe Inhabiting Attu Island. Alaska, Said to Be the Poorest People

Windswept Attu Island; a bit of Alaska at the tip of the Aleutian string, farther west than any other part of North AmericS, is the home of a tribe of about 14)0- Aleut Indians, said to be the poorest people, financially; on earth. Nature, however, provides these faraway Indians a living. From Attu and the nearby islands and from the surrounding Waters they get eggs, fish, geese,, seals, occasionally a walrus, berries, and, lately, blue fox. From the far south 'Pacific the Japan current brings fuel. Driftwood’ thought to be from the Philippine islands,' Hawaii and other southern lands is scattered along Attu’s beaches. No trees groW"on the island. For clothes the natives use goods brought from the outside world by occasional traders. Those lacking in the cloth of the whites make their garments from grass am) skins. Like the Indian tribes of old, a native chief leads these Aleuts and acts as their head in all matters, trading, hunting, fishing, tis well as in the counci 1 s oTffie tribe, and m -the-Russian services to which the natives still adhere. Russians first settled on the island in 1747, when they sailed west of the Commodore islands, off Kamchatka, and established an important trading post on Attu. The Russians, planted herds of cattle and goats, but in a few years both the Russians and their stock left for other parts.

Wild Hemp Growing in Canada May Be Used for Making Binder Twine

Wild Ijemp has possibilities for the manufacture of binding twine and its cultivation may become a part of Can* ada’s post-war industrial program. The Indians of the coast and interior of.central British Columbia have long been famous as carvers, weavers and boat-builders, but It was only recently that attention was attracted to the fine rope which they make from wild hemp. At Awiligate in, the Bulkley valley near New Hazelton there is a village of Indians who display remarkable skill in making rope from the abundant wild hemp which covers the surrounding country. They have been making this rope for centuries by a method of their own, and it is so strong that they use it for towing their heavily laden canoes up the currents of swift rivers. This is convincing proof of its stoutness. They also make twine and thread from the hemp, but not in such quantities as In ihe days before they were able to funchase these articles cheaply from traders. The wild hemp closely resembles the common fire weed of the United States.

Mothers’ Cook Book

It today you’ve made some progress, Do not tife; Sit not down upon the 1 morrow, Step up higher. —Adelbert Caldwell. ■ ■ * Desserts for Children. , A dessert for a young child should be something easily digested, nutritious and attractive to the eye. Custards of various kinds are especially good for the little people—gelatin desserts served with cream, simple puddings not too rich, and fruits of vaTTbus'klhds are ail good desserts. Strawberry Custard. Prepare a pint of good boiled custard, using two eggs, sugar and flavoring to taste, and one pint of good milk. Using a teaspoonful of cornstarch stirred into a little of the cold milk and well cooked before the eggs are added, also mixed with cold milk, will make a thicker custard. Two tablespoonfuls of sugar will be sufficient in this pudding. Freeze slowly until it begins to get thick, then add one large cupful of strawberry jam, which may have been pressed through a ricer to remove some of the seeds. If canned berries are used, the removal of the seeds will be easier. Fruit Dumplings. Make a batter of a cupful of flour sifted with a teaspobnful of baking powder and a little salt; add rich milk to make a drop batter. Butter the small cups and drop in a spoonful of the batter, then add a tablespoonful or two of canned cherries, juice and all; then another spoonful of batter. When four or five small cups are filled, leaving space to rise, set them into a shallow pan. adding boiling water to come well up on the sides of the cups, but not too much/ to boll over into them; cover and cook 15 minutes; serve with sugar and cream. Any canned fruit may be used; the juicier the fruit the better. Fruit Juice Pudding. For this pudding any strained leftover juice from canned fruits may be used. Take a cupful and a half of the juice, add a half cupful of water, into which has been stirred two tablespoon--fuls of cornstarch. Cook until well done, then fold in lightly the whites of two eggs. Pour into a mold with alternate layers of the same fruit, and serve when cold with a custard made of the two yolks.

Grand Opening of Straw Hat Season

Women are already wearing straw hats. A photograph, taken at a prominent New York millinery establishment, showing some of the new styles in straw hats, while outside, men are buttoning up their fur coats to keep warm.

Employing Disabled Soldiers

F.nglithmen Are Taking Their Duty Seriously

Advertisements printed in the London papers by British business concerns frequently carry this line: “We have put a disabled soldier on our pay roll. Have you?’-’-The extent to which the line is used indicates that Englishmen are taking their duty to employ injured British soldiers very seriously. They are not talking vaguely about the nation’s debt to the army. They arc paying a debt to the men. Every concern employing any considerable number of men has places that can be filled by partially disabled men, and whenever such a place is filled the disabled soldier should have the first chance. -

Lake of Salt in Australia Supplies an Immense Crop Carts and Plows Are Used

In South Australia there' is a wonderful lake of pure salt. It is a huge depression In the earth which fills up in the winter months. In the summer the water quickly evaporates, leaving a thick deposit of pure salt. Seen from a distance the surface of the lake has all the appearance of being covered with a sheet of Ice. The sglt is so thick that strong men and even carts and plows can traverse it with perfect safety. Yet below the crust there is a considerable body of sluggish water. After the rays of the summeg sun have played their part, the salt is gathered. This is a simple operation, the salt being raked into heaps, making pyramids that are a striking feature of the landscape. The salt is then shoveled into carts and conveyed to various works to undergo the process of refining. Gathering the salt is trying work on account of the great heat and the dazzling reflection, and it is often necessary for the workers to wear colored glasses to protect their eyes. After the loose salt has been collected from the surface a plow is run over it, when another harvest of the valuable material can be reaped. The yield of salt from this strange lake amounts to several thousand tons a year, end it is among the finest obtainable. The lake is several square miles in area and is naturally a very valuable property.

Migratory Bird Law Invalid Decision of Supreme Court

The federal migratory bird law of 1913, under which the government for the first time exerted authority over prescribed “closed seasons” for wild birds which habitually migrate from state to state with the varying seasons, was in effect declared invalid by the supreme court, which dismissed on the government’s motion an appeal from a decision of the Arkansas federal district court holding the statute unconstitutional. .

WITH THE SAGES

Free and fair discussion will ever be fpund the firmest friend to truth. —George Campbell. When a man is in trouble any rumor is sufficient to complete his ruin.—G. W. Clinton. There is as great vice in praising, and as frequently, as in de-, - tracting.—Ben Jonson. Shallow men believe in luck; strong men believe in cause and effect. —Emerson. * •. , Any man may make a mistake, but none but a'- fool will continue it. —Cicero, , -

Quicklime Recommended to Keep Potatoes From Rotting When Stored in Damp Places

The French department of agriculture lately issued the following indications as to the best method of preserving potatoes against rotting, such as is likely to occur in damp places. By employing the proper method, it is possible to diminish the dampness within the piles where the air does not enter or only circulates very slowly. To avoid this, a substance which absorbs water and having no action upon the potato must be employed, and sos this purpose it is found that lime is the best substance, as it costs least, is easy to handle, and is best known. In practice the method can be applied in the following way. It is to be remarked that when potatoes aje stored up after being well cleaned beforehand, they commence to exude moisture, and must be gone over again. The storage place is sprinkled with quicklime, and each layer of three or four inches of well dried potatoes is sprinkled over with lime; the same on the outside of the pile. When sorting as above stated,- the imperfect ones need not be thrown away, but the bad parts cut out and the rest fed to stock .after cooking or passing through a dryer or baking in a furnace; or they can be sent to a starch factory if one is near by. As to the amount of lime to be used, the proper quantity is about ten pounds of lime to 1,000 pounds of potatoes.

Big Jobs Are Filled by the Men Who Produce the Results

Some men are cursed with the ability to do chores. They can do all the little tinkering jobs well and can’t get busy with the big ones until all the petty tasks receive attention. To be sure the great man is master of details. He will know every step in his bush ness. But he will delegate to others what belongs to their work. No man can be the brains for the whole business. Neither can he be the handy man for the concern and direct its policy at the same time. If he is the business is small. Where you find a man who delights more in winding the clock that he does in keeping his desk clear you can mark him factotum and recommend l him to any one of a thousand big firms that need a handy man. But that’s as far as he will get. The big places are filled by men who get down to business.

Should Learn to Know Trees When Without Their Leaves

No tree lover should be content to know the trees only in summer. The summer trees may be more beautiful than the bare trees of winter, but it is the leafless tree that most clearly betrays the specific arboreal characteristic. Leaves are distinctive, but the distinction is somewhat superficial, for the leaves are no more than the summer dress. When the leaves are gone the tree ‘’Stands more truly disclosed. Yet comparatively few of those who familiarly know the trees of summer can readily recognize all their friends in the honest nudity of winter. s

Straw Hats Will Cost More

Men’s hats, both straw and felt, will not undergo any changes in style this year, either spring, summer or fall, according to predictions made at the seventh general convention of the American Association of Wholesale Hatters, recently held at St. Louis. Prices of straw hats are expected to be advanced, Lt is said, while felt hats will remain about as .at present,. . . . .....

War Novelty

An>ong the novelties produced by the war ‘is a machine for collecting luirbed' wire scrap in war-destroyed areas. .. i

OF THE EPIPHANY

Fair Eastern Star, thou art ordained to run ~ Before the sages, to the .rising sun. Here cease thy course, and wonder that Of this poor stable can thy Maker ....shroud; -* Ye heavenly bodies glory tq be brlg&L , And are"esteernecT as ye are rich In light. But here on earth is taught a different way, Since under this low roof the Highest lay. Jerusalem erects her stately towers. Displays her windows and adorns her bowers; Yet there thou must not cast a trembling spark, Let Herod’s palace still continue dark; Each school and synagogue thy force repels. . '■ ■. There Pride enthroned in misty error dwells; - The temple, where the priests maintain their choir. ' ~ Shall taste no beam of thy celestial fire. While this weak cottage all thy splendor takes; A joyful gate of every chink it makes. Here shines no golden roof, no ivory stair. No king exalted in a stately chair. Girt with attendants, or by heralds styled, But straw and hay enwrap a speechless Child. ’ Yet Sabae’s lords before this Babe unfold Their treasures, offering incense, myrrh —-—rand gold. The crib becomes an altar: therefore dies No ox nor sheep:‘for in their fodder Iles The Prince of Peace, who. thankful for hlwtjed. Destroys those rites in which their blood was shed; The quintessence of earth he takes, and fees, . And precious gums distilled from weeping trees: ' ' Rich metals and sweet odors now declare The glorious blessings which his laws prepare, To clear us from the base and loathsome flood. j Of sense, and make us fit for angels’ food. Who lift .to God for us the holy smoke, Of fervent prayers with which we him invoke, < — And try our actions in the searching fire, By which the seraphims our lips inspire; No muddy dross pure minerals shall infect. We shall exhale our vapors up direct; No storms shall cross, or glittering lights Perpetual sighs which seek a happy place. —Sir John Beaumont.

Gold Placers Throughout Eastern Siberia Are Rich; Can Be Worked With Ease

From time immemorial Siberia has been known to Russians as the “Golden Bottom,” and this not without a reason. The great gold placers scattered throughout eastern Siberia tempted and attracted enterprising individuals for many centuries, through their richness and the ease with which they could be worked. Only the severity of the climate and lack of adequate transportation together wtih indifference on the part of the government prevented the Siberian gold fields from becoming the greatest In the world. Alluvial gold was first found In the Province of EniselSk in 1830. Afterwards gold was discovered in great amounts throughout the whole province. The gold is found in many cases in the sand of rivers and small streams. The geological formation of these deposits varies, but in many cases shows predomination of slate rocks. The thickness of gold-bearing strata varies in places from 14 feet to 21 feet, and tbeir extent from five-tenths to 35 miles. The proportion of gold is also different, according to the depth of the deposit. A thin layer of alluvium, called “turf,” usually covers the gold strata. |

SOME SMILES

She’d Make Things Warm. Hewitt—The coolest part of the day is between four and five o’clock in the morning. Jewett —You won’t think so if you roll home about 4:30 and happen to wake up your wife. One Point of Similarity.

Down and Out. “I don’t suppose you met an oldfashioned ‘bad man’ while you were out West?” “One —a lone survivor—and I felt sorry for him.” “For what reason?” “Unable to obtain a motion picture engagement and being somewhat stift in his joints, he was reduced to selling souvenirs for a living.” He Nose It.

Hamilton—l see where they have found a new weed that is better and cheaper than tobacco. A cigar can be made from g it for a cent. Wayburn—Most cigars now are made for a scent.

i■ “ ' That Old Yachting Score. “Don’t you dislike, those people who keep raking up old scores?” .“Not always," replied Miss Cayenne. “I must say I rather admire Sir Thomas

Bacon Huxley said that an oyster is as complicated as a watch. Egbert—Well, I know both of them run down easily 1