Evening Republican, Volume 22, Number 28, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 3 February 1919 — Page 3

The Housewife and Her Work

(Special Inlorination oumuc, l. iincuicrates Department oi Agriculture.) V.'HAT MEAT INSPECTION MEANS TO HOUSEWIFE

Sausage Department in One of the Big Packing Houses and the Blue Label Which Is Stamped on Inspected Products.

FOOD INSPECTED BY GOVERNMENT

Some of the Ways the Unitci States J&ifeguards the Meat Supply. LOOK FOR INSPECTION TAG Products Containing Meat as Well as Cuts Must Pass InspectionMany Women Now Being Used as Meat Inspectors. The up-to-date housewife is no longer ignorant or indifferent to the necessity of buying clean and wholesome food for her family. Few realize, ever, to what extent the efforts of our government have been responsible for the bulk of the foods sold today being, clear and untainted. With many foods, particularly meat, there formerly was no way of ascertaining whether they wer e fr ee f rom disease and dirt. One could only trust and hope as to their wholesomeness. Look for the Inspection Brand. All this has changed with meat since 1900, when the meat inspection act went into effect. Thert? is still uninspected meat on the market,, but the United States government, through the department of agriculture, has made it possible for you to buy, if you choose, that which was clean and free from disease apd decomposition, when it left the packing house. There is no Involved method in getting this kind Of meat. All that is necessary js to make sure that the blue inspection brand—“U. S. Inspd. & Psd”—is stamped on the carcass from which your cut is taken. This federal insppctlnn, under the_hnreau of animal industry, is carried *on only in packing houses which have an interstate or foreign trade. Some states and municipalities also require meat inspection in (heir packing houses. The brand which is shown in the illustration is a guarantee that the meat is wholesome and that the carcass was handled in a cleanly manner. In the case of meat products the inspection legend on the label insures that no harmful dyes, preservatives, chemicals or deleterious substances were used- —all points of much interest to the housewife. As there Is no practical method of microscopic Inspection which is even approximately effective for the detection of trichinae, it is not safe to eat pork which has not been cooked well, and so the government advises that all pork should be well cooked, otherwise it may cause disease known as trichinesis. Few in this country eat it in an uncooked form, but for the pork products which may be eaten uncooked by consumers who are ignorant or careless of the dangers _of the raw product, the government requires official establishments to subject all such pork products to processes which destroy the trichinae. The canned meats put out by the packing companies having an interstate or foreign trade are also in-

CONVENIENT TABLE FOR USE IN MAKING QUICK DOUGHS AND BATTERS.

Cut out and paste in your book of recipes the following table. It is a basic one for quick doughs. You can vary any recipe for batter or soft dough as much as you please by the addition of nuts, fruits, seasonings and different flours, but the proportions ot liquid, flour and baking powder do not vary greatly. The measurements are all level Ones. Any cook who understands the putting together of batters and doughs may save time by using this table instead of looking up recipes. Baking • * Fjbur. Powder. Liquid. "Shortening. Sugar. Eggs. Griddle'cakes 2 cups 3 teasp. 2eups 2 tablesp. tablesp. * lor 2 Muffins 2 cups 4 teasp. 1 cup 1 tablesp. ...» Muffins (richer).... 2 cups 2pr 3 teasp. % cup 2or 4 tablesp. %-tup lor 2 Cake JHcups 2 tpasp. M cup/ 4 tablesp. % cup lor 2 Doughnuts 2ci>ps 2 teasp. -.Heap % cup dookies - cups 2 teasp. »4 cnp 4 taWesp. % cup WTO 1 Tea biscuit 2 , 3 teasp. 2-3 cup 1 tablesp. Shortage .. 2 Cups 3tcasp. ■ 2-3 cup 4, tablesp. Pastry .... 2 cups .... .... !» cup 8 tablesp.

spected, and if Mrs. Housewife will take the time to read the labels on those inspected cans, she will find It well worth her while. Printed on them arejust what the product is and the exact weight. In the instance of fat, if the price per pound has been ascertained“beforehand, she can tell by the label whether she nas bought and paid for a.full two pounds, or Whether the can lacks a few ounces. The label tells the story. Make Over Old Clothes. Thrift is the watchword of the nation this year, and one of the most practical ways in which this campaign is being forwarded is work for the conservation- of clothes being done by Koine demonstration agents of the United States department of agriculture. Economical persons always have made over material which had wear left in it. but many, who could hardly afford h have bought new garments in the past because of their lack of knowledge of how to remodel old ones. Home demonstration a gents of the department of agriculture and the state agricultural colleges do not ini tend that this shall be the excuse with I any in their districts who have qld material which is worth remodeling. At Lincoln. Neb., the mayor donated space in the oty hall for the work In remodeling clothes. This room is under the supervision of the home demonstration agent and her assistants. When their work takes them elsewhere, it is in charge of trained volunteers. Posters advertising this work are being used extensively. Long tables made from boards and sawhorses are used to spread the garments on. Good patterns and some attractive made-over garments to serve as models are at hand, and advice is given on how to put to new uses any garments that are brought in. The work is proving both useful and popular. New and Tasty Sausage. Ever eat potato and nut sausage? i If you- haven’t there is a treat in store for you and at th e same time you will be helping conserve the meat supply. The recipe for this delicious dish js one vouched for by the department of agriculture. It follows: 2 cupfuls mashed % teaspoonful peppotatoes per % pound nuts of any Few grains cayenne kind Pinch celery' seed 1 egg well beaten % cupful milk (ap--1% teaspoonfuls proximately) salt % pound salt pork To the mashed potatoes add enough milk to bind them. Put nuts in boiling water to loosen skins, remove skins and put through meat grindef. Mix nuts and potatoes thoroughly and season well. Add well-beaten egg to potato mixture. Form into sausages, flour them well, put into-greased pan, and put a small .piece of salt pork on top" of each sausage. Bake in a fairly hot oven until brown (about 45 minutes). Serve with tomato sauce. Protein for One Day. A family consisting of father and mother, both doing moderately active muscular work, and three young children, -,need at least three quarts Of milk a day and not less than one pound of meat or other complete protein foods, weighing as they come from the market, or their equivalent in more milk. The extra milk may be whole or skim or buttermilk.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAEB. IND«

RAISED OWN CORN

How American Boys in France Got Delicacy. Turned From the Trenches to Truck Farming and Were as Successful on the Field as at the Front You should have seen the soldiers raising garden truck for Christmas. The climate of France was strange to them, as was the soil, and some of the vegetables that please the French palate, according to Sterling Heilig in an exchange. But the American buddies took up winter trucking with a will. Nobody ever raised green corn down there in winter. “Nor in summer, very much, either,” answered the buddles. A few natives used to raise It to sgll to Americans of Paris, but they had never tried to eat it. though they raised much yellow corn for meal and fodder. Last summer the doughboys In certain hospital truck farm districts resolved to have the real thing. At Bordeaux, where they were particularly successful, roasting ears were furpished to the private car of Secretary Baker when he made his- trip to France. And it was from the secretary of war’s recommendations, they say that the great American truck farm movement in France quit Red Cross swaddling clothes and became generalized from fighting front to resting rear. ~ In the south of France winter is a good deal like summer, and they raise almost anything. Heroes of St. MiJiieLwere betting that they would have green corn for Christmas —and the French natives bet against them. Most of the gardeners were convalescents, wounded at St. Mihiel, and hungry for the fresh green things they expected to eat presently. Only those who have been deprived of green stuff so long that they shy at the sight of a tin can are able to appreciate the value of these real war gardens. For, the fighting over, eating goes on, and, when rutabagas that father used to feed to the cows cost 40 cents a pound, the food problem is clearly stated to every man Th the army. The surgeons say the convalescent heroes of Chateau Thierry and St. Mihlel need the garden work as much as they need the garden truck. Get the man out, even for half a day, in the light work of truck farming, and you get him out of himself —and away from sitting around hospitals, listening to wounds being dressed and troubles talked over. High British and Australian neurosis authorities agree, absolutely, that working the soil will work more cures than any other treatment. In the army farming in France many see-a forerunner of what will happen when Uncle Sam gives little government farms to his veterans on their return. “We find that the American truck farmer,” says a worker, “after he has talked a little with French truckers and has the lay of the land, turns out better than the Frenchman —by up-to-date methods. Side by side, the little American truck farms in France are superior to truck farms under French gardeners in the suburbs of French cities. It is absolutely demonstrated.”

Animals Fear Airships.

All animals are terrified by airships. Partridge, quail and other game birds crouch and hide, while domestic fowl utter loud warning notes the instant they perceive the monstrous bird of prey. _ - ~ _ The Swedish aeronaut, Van Hoffken, while sailing at a moderate elevation, observed that elk. 'foxes, hares and other wild animals flecf at his approach, and that the dogs ran. howling, Into the houses. •While the Zeppelin 111 was going from Dusseldorf to Essen the aeronauts on board noted thi/t horses and cattle galloped frantically over the fields on catching sight of the airship.

Preserving French Treasures.

Lille is no exception to the rule that, every French center of population has its museum and every such museum has in it something of'unique interest. The Palais des Beaux Arts there contained before the war the well-known “Tete de Cire,” or rather, head of a girl, in terracotta and wax, which tradition had ascribed to many artists but without any assurance as to the attributions. The wax head was removed from the museum to a place of safety before the Teutonic invaders entered the city early in the war.

Considerable Kicking.

Mv brother, who- a private at Camp Hancock, was told to harness a team of mules and go several miles nnt of cntop-for some- hny for thohorses. He had never had any experience in doing farm work, but he saluted qnd went about the task. We knew not how he succeeded, excepting in his next letter he informed us that by night the mules had kicked a perfectly good government harness to leathery ribbons.--Exthange.--

TGadswnr more- these days than I have seen him in a long tithe.” “Yes.’ poor fellow, “1 hate to disillusion him. so I avoid him as much as possible.'’ *‘What do you mean?" - “He thinks because the War is over the cost of living will soon coine down and he will be able to live on his salary again.” - .

Hopeful.

PLANNED KINGDOM DESERT

Adventurous Youths Had Great * Scheme to Make Fertile Region of Waste Sahara. ; Governmental authority, co-operat-ing with fiarehtgl authority, has tliwarted a romance of youthful adventure at t>envcr~7which reads like a Stevenson or a I‘oe. Two boys, sixteen and fifteen years old, had planned the establishment of the kingdom of Sahara. They bad studied maps and devised engineering plans, delved into finance and perused the military art, until the fund-of their information yjikS astonishingto those whbse. .duty compelled them to step across the adventurers’ path. The Denver youths were planning soon to invade the Sahara ami set up their "kingdom, over which the? were to rule as joint kings. The natives Were to be organized into a powerfyj army of 7,000.000 men. This army was to dig great artesian wells, water from which was to form two lakes with an area of 250,000 square miles. The Senegal and Nile were to be flooded, shutting the new kingdom safely in against hostile incursion. Portugal was to be coerced into ceding Portuguese East Africa to the new kingdom ; in return for which Portugal was to be helped to take British and French Guiana and the former German possessions in Africa. Each of the joint kings had figured out an income of $14,500,000 for himself. A dream, born of a disordered fancy? Sure, but — No more of a dream than that of the German military party which started out four-years ago to drive the British lion to his den, to clip the wings of Liberty and tie America to their chariot wheels. Building a powerful, kingdom in a desert would be no greater task than that assumed by the Germans of laying civilization by the heels. Henceforth, if anyone proposes to fly to the moon or to build a spiral stairway to the earth’s center, he may cite the example of the ruler of a once great people who assumed a task similar in Its elements of romantic adventure and similarly impossible of achievement. A new standard for foolish effort has been set for all time.— Cleveland Plain Dealer.

Work for Shell Shock Men.

The kind of employment the shell shock man undertakes, whether he returns to his old work or takes up something new that suits him better, is one of the deciding factors in his recovery. The work must be congenial and It must be something he can do without strain or worry. And the hours, moreover* must not be too long. A patient whom I have known for five years does a highly skilled kind of technical work, which he thoroughly enjoys, and for which he Is highly appreciated by his firm. In his zeal for his work, he from time to time has a spell of working over hours, with the result that he becomes fatigued and then takes alcohol and for a while is wholly irresponsible. These attacks could be avoided if his wife were skillful enough to prevent his overworking. For the man with shell shock the nature and hours of work should be given the most careful consideration.—Mary C. Jarrett in Touchstone (New York.)

More Particulars Coming.

They had been married ip November. “Did you see anything that particularly struck your fancy when you were looking round the shops today, sweetheart?” he asked, on his wife’s return from a round of Christmas shopping, ■■■■ “Well,” she replied, “I saw sornething extremely pretty in lookingglasses.” “I have no doubt you did,” he observed,' “if you looked into them.” They were married in November. A further and more exciting installment of this young couple’s adventures will appear in our Christmas number for 1919.

To Keep Your Shoes Dry.

Here is an item which tells us to add to our long list of things to do to keep the “flu” away: By standing just outside your door in- a dry place for a moment before wading out in the snow in severe weather you will find that the snow does not cling to the shoes and they will remain perfectly dry. The reason for this is that the soles of your shoes are cooled so that they do not melt the snow- through which you walk. If you rush out of a warm house in warm shoes they melt the snow which sticks to them, and the water soon soaks through to the feet.

Mail by Airplane.

All mails between Europe and the United States eventually will be carrled by airplane, according to Lord Morris, who has championed a movement before a parliamentary commit*, tee for the establishment of a port of call for Atlantic liners on the west coast of Ireland. Already, he says, a regular dally mail service by airplane is maintained between England and France without interruption by .the weather.

Always Dictates It.

Booth Tarkington tells of an old negro who appeared as a witness before one of Our committees. In the course of bls examination these questions were put to the man: ' “What is your name?” “Calhoun Clay, sah.” “Can you sign your name “Sah?” “I ask if you can write your name.” “Well, no sah. Ah nebber write* <« name. Ah dictates it, sab.”

A Bird in the Hand

(Special Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture.) . BETTER FEEDING INCREASES EGG YIELDS

Filling a Feed Hopper. Chickens Like This Feed-Yourself Plan and Results Show That It Is More Economical Than It Would at First Seem.

NO BEST FEEDS FOR HEN FLOCKS

Simplest Mixtures and HomeGrown Grains Should Usual- ' ly Be Selected. GREEN FEED IS IMPORTANT Poultryman Should Provide Bulk and Palatability in Daily Diet—Ground Grains and Beef Scrap in Combination. There is no best feed or combination “of fe|ds for poultry, but results in good yields depend almost as much upon the ability of the feeder and the methods of feeding as on the kinds of grains, say poultry specialists of thfe United States department of agriculture. The practical application of science in poultry feeding, they add, is to know about what proportion of protein, carbohydrates and fats gives good feeding results and then to use roughly this relative proportion in milking feeds according to their- price and availability. Mineral matter, bulk and palatability, and in winter a green feed, are necessary in the ration to give good results. The simplest feed mixtures and home-grown grains should usually be selected, the rations varying pvifh changes in the market price of the grains. I? is advisable for most poultry raisers to mix their own feeds, as in this way they can control the proportion iff the “various ingredients and obtain the precise mixture that they desire. If, however, one desires to purchase prepared feeds, information concerning the different commercial artkies inay usually be secured from the state experiment station. Most experiment stations Will analyze poultry feeds and report on the different commercial preparations sold by dealers in their states.

Five Classes of Feeds. Poultry feeds may be divided for convenience into. five general classes: First, grains, both whole and cracked; second, ground grains, fed In the form of a maslj; third, meat-feeds ; fourth, mineral feeds; and fifth, green feeds. Corn, cracked corn, wheat and wheat screenings, oats, barley, rye, and buckwheat are the principal grains, while of the ground feeds there are cornmeal and corn chop, corn and cob meal, wheat bran, middlings, shorts' and lowgrade flour, oatmeal, oat flour and ground or crushed*, oats, and mixed feeds. In. the meat feeds, or feeds supplying animal protein, are beef scrap, fish scrap, meat meal, ground green bone, and various forms of milk*; while bone meal, dry bone, oyster shells, and grit make up the mineral feeds and. with charcoal and green feeds, com ; plete' the common feeding materials. Many ground feeds, which are byproducts of the common grains, are used to good advantage in feeding, in combination with grain and beef scrap. Ground grains and meat feeds are more forcing than the -whole grains commonly used, while the combination of the whole grains with the ground feeds makes a more economical feed and a better balanced ration than the vhole /grains alone. The feed elements are usually cheaper in the ground than in the whole grains, as the former’are by-products of many of the grains used for human consumption. Ground grains and beef scrap, in combination, either wet or dry* make what is called a "mash.” These >v-f t ro<lu<ts arb-higherinproteln than most of Jhe common grains, so that a balanced ration is secured by combining whole grains with the mash, some qf the ground grains, such as bran and middlings, add a large percentage of bulk to the ration, which is beneficial. . " Animal protein Is. considered essen-

tial to the best results in feeding. Most poultrymen feed meat in some form, or fish scraps, while suburban poultry keepers either feed this product or table scraps; but few farmers buy any meat feed. Some form of feed containing animal protein must be supplied if any eggs are to .be obtained in the winter. Skim milk or butter- 1 milk is available on many farms, and where it is not it would probably pay most farmers to buy beef scrap or some other meat feed. Fowls on free range on the farms pick up bugs and insects during part of the year, which furnish this protein feed, so that the use of additional meat feeds is regulated by individual conditions. Fowl* closely confined need more animal_feed — than those on a good range; and in a cold climate, where no bugs or insects ale available during several winter months, more animal feed must be supplied than in sections where the winters are mild. Balanced Ration for Poultry. A well-balanced, simple ration may.. be made of equal parts, by weight, ofwheat, cracked corn, and oats fedtwice daily, usually in the morning and at night. The grain may be either scattered on the range In summer and in the litter in the poultry house in winter, or fed in the house throughout the year. It should be supplemented with a wet or dry mash of two parts of cornmeal and one part each of wheat bran, middlings, and beef serai).; One feed of mash may be fed at any time during the day and the grain fed for the other two meals. Regulate the proportions of grain and mash so that the hen will consume about equal parts of each. About one quart of grain daily should be fed to every 16 Leghorn hens, or to 13 general purpose hens, such as the Plymouth Rocks, with an equal weight of mash. This amount, however, varies, and should be regulated by the feeder, as the hens should be eager for each meal. Leghorns will eat about 55 pounds of grain and mash in a year, and Plymouth Rocks or hens of the general-purpose class, about 75 pounds. '

GRIT ESSENTIAL

Grit is essential to the health of fowls and to economy in feeding. Grit takes the place of teeth in preparing the feed for further digestion and is required for the proper, preparation of feed in the gizzard. When the feed is not properly taken crtre of in this organ an undue strain is thrown on the fowl’s’ system, often resulting in disease, and |plso 'allowing much of the nutriment to pass through the bird’s body being absorbed. In every pen or yard a box of grit should be kept.

Layers Need Animal Feed. Chickens eat a large amount of animal matter in the form of insects, worms, and other low forms of animal life when allowed to range at will. If the poultry keeper is to get the best results from his fowls in winter he must furnish a substitute for this class- of feed. For this purpose green cut bone, men t or fish scraps. and animal meal may be used. Green cut bone is usually fed by Itself, while the , scraps and meal may be readily mixed with the mash. Cut bone consists of green or fresh bone sliced or shaved into thin pieces by a bone cutter. Bones fresh from the butcher have , more or less meat adhering? and the more of such meat the better, for the combination of bone and: meat is excellent for producing eggs. "Where a good supply of fresh byne can be obtained regularly it is very • useful, but it cannot be kept sweet for such long periods as the scraps and animal meal. Green cut bone should be fed carefully , and in a sweet condition, otherwise V bow-el trouble may result. One pound a day is sufficient for 20 hens, but not over one-half pound should be fed to thnt number when first beginning to feed it.