Evening Republican, Volume 22, Number 24, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 28 January 1919 — Page 2

NEW YONKERS ADMIRING THE DREADNAUGHT MISSISSIPPI

These New Yorters are guzing In admiration at the United Siales dreadnaught Mississippi as she lies at anchor tn the Hudson river after the great naval review. _

HOW HUNS KEPT HOLD ON METALS

Vivid Account by Australian Premier of Methods AH Over the World. IT STILL HAS ITS POWER An Whose Tentacles Extend AH Over the World and Worked Unceasingly for Commercial Benefit of Germany. New York.—Attention has been called a number of times to the manner in which the Germans managed to dominate in the control and price of nonferrous metals, line branch of their organization was taken over by A. Mitchell Palmer, the alien property custodian. This concerned itself with handling the metals in this country. But the ramifications of the German octopus were never as graphically described as in an address made by W. M. Hughes, the' Australian prime min ‘ ister, at the Mansion houAJ London, several months ago. He took as his text what he called the great firm of Mertons. as the British end of the German trust was designated. He said it was “a living outward and visible sign of the rottenness within." and an agent of the enemy. Then he went on to say: “It is the English branch of one of the greatest companies the world has ever seen; itis a combination, an octopus whose tentacles extended before the war all over the world, and whose heart was at Frankfort-ou-Main. It is an organization that had a stranglehold on the whole of the world.

HOME WITH WAR HONORS

Lieut Edgar Bouligny of New Orleans.who returned to the United States the other day on the transport George Washington. Ls eutena nt BouJlgny served with both the French and American armies during 5 the great war. Of French descent, he left New Orleans in the early days of August, 1914, for France, where he enlisted Id the Foreign Legion. He served with those famous fighters until May of 1917, when he was, transferred to the French aviation service and saw action in Serbia and Albania. Short!/ before the signing of the armistice he secured his transfer to the American air service. ' < Over his left shoulder he drears the Foureger awarded to the Lafayette flying corps, of which he, was g. member. In addition he won the Croix de Guerre with two-palms for gallantry lin action. He was wounded three times while fighting with the, Foreign Legion, but escaped unhurt through ail of hit aerial battles." "

“It was a most powerful and a most serviceable instrument in the German policy Of penetration. It served the power of the kaiser—better than —a dozen legions on the field, and Lt is [now here today, as ft "hits iH-tii. with its ramifications in our midst. It still ■ has its power, the profits are being - gathered in—GUs-lirnvwhteh' for three years after rhe war was the London agent, the English agent, of the Amerlean Metal (wttjHiiiy. of which 1 shall gpFak In a inoment. Served Germany Well. “This was the firm from which Britain bought for 12 months after the war the metals necessary for carrying on the war. This firm was founded by Wilhelm Merton of Frankfort, and from the day of its establishment it has spread its tentacles out, and the firm has grown every passing day. It is called Metallgesellschaft, the American Metal company, the Australian Metal company^the African Metal company, Schweizetische Gesellschaft in Switzerland; it has a dual name which is sometimes French and sometimes something else; but it is always German in essence. It pushed out its Tentacles over Europe from place to place. “It pushed another tentacle across the ocean to Australia, calling itself the A nstrnlinn Metal company: it called itself the Australian Metal company, but it was not Australian. It was a company held by Germany; it had German directors, and very naturally, as was their custom, they covered themselves in their methods and de-

400 LOCOMOTIVES SENT TO FRANCE

Dispatched Intact, Ready for Steam, by the Army Transport Service. 1,200 SHIPPED IN SECTIONS Record of 12 Days Made From Shops In This Country to Lines at the Front—Great Work ft;. Now Revealed! Washington;—Shipment of Americanbuilt steam locomotives, each weighing 73 tons, and assembled all except the smokestack and the tender, so that they ♦■ould move away—under their own steam within a few hotirs after their arrival in France, was among the accomplishments of the United States armytransport force under stress of war. and has since been continued. More than 400 of these locomotives were so shipped from New York in a few months, it was learned here with the lifting of the war censorship regulations, and these were in addition to 1.200 which were shipped in sections, nine to a locomotive, packed in cases. The ships used to transport the locomotives complete were of a special type with three holds, each hold measuring 60 by 102 feet, entered by hatches 39 feet wide and 42 feet long. — —— — — —— — — Into each of the three holds were placed 12 locomotives—36 to a ship. A bed or flooring on which they reitLed for the voyage required more than 3.000 tons of steel Tails. The locomotives when „in position were braced with heavy wooden beams and the space between the boilers tb the level of the top of the steam dome packed solid with highly compressed baled hay. Compressed Hay Under Flooring. On this hay another flooring was laid, and on this floor was placed the tenders—the smokestacks, with more baled hay or other light cargo, packed in the space where coal is to ’be carried. On top of the tenders was packed still more cargo to the deck level, and during the“rush days” the above-deck spa,ce filled with crated airplanes. When completely loaded with the 36 locomotives and other carg<ueat& vessel was carrying a dead

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. RENSSELAER. IND.

vices with the. cloak of naturalization. Bit by bit they beslabbered and entangled the great metal industries..ol Australia in a grip until they had them body and soul, and so it was that when the war broke out there was this grept -metal—industry, the Beer Sondheimet in oneshapeor another, the Metallge* selTschaft, and the Metallurgische GeSPlTschqft, the whnlty ‘centrnlling thechannels from which the metal came, determining how it should be produced and wliat prices it should be soki at all over the“worhlT What they did in Australia they did elsewhere. "In America they pushed out another tentacle; there was a company called the American Metal company. It was a company in which, out of 70,000 called-up shares. 34,000, or 49 per cent, were held by the Metallgesellschaft at Frankfort, 27 per cent by Mertons of this place and the remaining 18 per cent were held mostly by hyphenated Germans, a few being held by bona fide Americans who were put right in the front of the shop window to deceive the credulous. Now I absolutely. acquit here the Engiish shareholders, the Innocent shareholders in Mertons. of all blame. They went Into this in a bona fide way, they did not realize what were the designs of these people; but lam directing my remarks here against the firm. against the Metallurgische Gesellschaft, against the great German octopus which dominated the world, which stayed here for four years after the war. It is difficult to understand how they should have remained here. It is not sufficient to deny them a license; they ought not to be allowed to trade at all. Their company should be wound up and they should disappear from the commercial life of the country.”

weight of 14,000 tons in addition to ship machinery, bunker coal and crew supplies. The loading of the locomotives is an interesting sight. Steel railroad barges carrying 14 of the steel monsters are m ade fa st al on gside a 100-ton capacity floating derrick barge, in turn made fast to Hie ship. An ordinary sling of steel wire is placed around the forward end of the boilers, another under the supports to the cab, the signal given and the locomotive lifted 40 or 50 feet in the air. swung over and gently loaded into the ship’s hold. The whole operation required but 20 minutes, and it was accomplished with the same ease and the same lack of excitement as prevailed on board a steamship at an adjoining dock which was taking on board 500-pound.... bales... of cotton. The idea of shipping locomotives complete was conceived when army_j transport officers were informed that England was shipping them across the channel ready to move away on arrival. ’ “America Can Do It* “If England can do it. so can America,” an officer said, and he straightway commandeered a fleet of ore-carry-ing vessels which were constructed with hatches large enough to permit the handling of such freight. When the movement was at its height the following time was recorded for the movement of a locomotive from its builders to its base of action behind the battle lines: Shops to New Jersey terminals. 24 honrs; from rail to barges, 6 hours; from terminals to ship side, 6 hours; barge to ship, 20 minutes: New York to France, 9 days; ship to army rail lines and hooked Up to a transport train bound for the front, 6 hours; a total of less than 12 days. Handling of 73-ton locomotives as’ if they were but one-tenth of their weight is only a small part of the tremendous work that has been uiider way at army transport piers since the United States transport service attained full Swing. Maj. Han O’Brien, marine director, an officer who has won his rank .by more , than 20 years’ service in every port of the s United States, Cuba, Mexico and the Philippines, where transport facilities 6fthe army were centered, is the man who handled the locomotives. I

AMERICAN PEACE CONFERENCES of PAST

Noted Citizens Have Represented Nation in Four Held Since Close of the Revolution

list of peace conferences I I I with foreign nations, excluL ,„*,J sive of Indian tribes, to which the United States as a belligerent was a party reduces strictly to the following: The Peace of Paris after the Revolution; the Peace of Ghent with Great Britain after the War of 1812; the Peace of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico. 1848, and the Peace of Paris after the war with Spain. Of some pertinence, however, are the peace treaties forced on us by the Barbary pirates, 1794-97, and by us on them 20 years later; and the Peace convention with France made in 1800. Technically in the latter case we had not been at war. even though our frigate Constellation had captured the French frigate Insurgente and had destroyed another, La Vengeance. Our Independence Recognized. Our peace with Great Britain after the Revolution was concluded by commissioners of congress under the Articles of Confederation, and of course before an American president or constitution existed. Washington was simply commander in chief. The provisional treaty was signed at Paris November 30. —1782, - the definitive treaty September 3, 17S3,—General Washington having declared cessation of hostilities in January. 1783. The American commissioners in the first conference were John Adams, Franklin, Jay and Henry Laurens; in the second the same without Laurens. Richard Osgood negotiated for the king’ in the first conference. David Hartley. M. P.. In the second. The four main questions in both were the boundaries of the United States, fishing rights off Newfoundland.-the payment of private debts of American citizens to British and compensation by the United States to British loyalists (tories) whose property had been confiscated by the colonies during the war. The two former questions had *to be further adjusted later on. although presumably conclusive agreements were then arrived at. the United States getting the territory between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi, and getting the right to fish off the Newfoundland coast, but not to dry the catches on those shores. There was to be no lawful impediment to the recovery of debts either way, and American legislation was 'to recommend making the loyalists,, immune from confiscations or prosecutions. It is unlikely that there will ever be an American peace commission of greater ability than this one. Franktin. our representative at Paris, had won for ’ the struggling colonies the Invaluable friendship and aid of the French government. John Adams was to be president. Jay to be'chief justice of the United States Supreme court, Laurens was a former president of the council of safety of South Carolina and of the continental congress. Our convention of peace, commerce and navigation with’ France, which on

What It Was About

A Canadian soldier and a public house loafer disturbed the peace one day of the little village Inn. The soldier, his face a study in concentrated wratbfulpess, had the civili;ua by the scruff of the neck and was apparently just on the point of giving him,a thrashing when a belated policemadi put In an appearance. ; “Now. then, what’s all this about?" demanded the constable. •‘What’s it about?** replied the Cah£dlanlgiVing"'Tiie wretcned ioafer an

September 30, 1800. ended a war that was not a war,-was-negotiated for the United States by Oliver Ellsworth, William Richardson Davie and William Vens Murray; for the first consulate by the following counselors of state: Jerome Bonaparte, Charles Pierre, Claret Fleurien and Pierid Louis Roederer. The quarrel, on the French side, was a legacy from the directory to Napoleon’s first con-* sulate. - . < The change in the French government made possible a x Reconciliation without formal progress Into war. By the convention France recognized the rights of neutral vessels and promised Indemnities for her navy’s depredations. Depending on what historian you read, America’s success in the conference was mainly the work of Ellsworth or that of Murray. John Adams, Federalist, was president at the time. The vice president was Jefferson. Two of President Adams’ commissioners. Ellsworth, who han just resigned the office of chief justice, and Murray, who had been Washington’s minister to the Netherlands, were strong Federalists. Davie. English born, a former governor of North Carolina and a veteran of the Revolution, seemed to have heen a free lance in early politics. The scene of the convention was Paris. ''' ■ ' Becoming tired of piracy and blackmail, American squadrons attended to the Barbary coast, and between 1805 and 1815. when Decatur finally made the whole thing sure, treaties were made with the deys and bashaws. The Peace of Ghent. The peace of Ghent was concluded December 24, 1814. The United States commission appointed by President Madison, who was a Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican, included John Quincy Adams, then our minister to Russia: James A. Bayard, former United States senator; Henry Clay, speaker of the house ; Albert Gallatin, who had been secretary of the treasury from 1891 to 1813, and Jonathan Russell, our minister to Norway"and' Sweden John Quincy Adams was a former Federalist from Massachusetts, ' a strong Federalist state. That is. he had been originally in opposition to Madison In politics. Later he had come into accord with Madison’s government. Baya rd was another former Federa 1 - Ist. but he was the man who had brought about Jefferson’s victory over Aaron Burr when that pfesidentlal election was thrown into'the house of representatives. Clay was a concpicuous Madisonian, and so was Gallatin, the eminent financier. Russell was a second Massachusetts commissioner of Madisonian partisanship. Ten years later he was elected to con-

rtwful to emphasize his words. “Why. be called m'e a conscientious ejector! Now watch him being ejected !” —LOndqn Tit-Bits.

Directed Raida by Radio.

Investigation has disclosed that the German submarine U-56, which arrived at Santander, Spain, under its bwh power., had tjeen in communication with other U-boats at sea. . Commander Retsser of the U-boat I was seen repeatedly signaling toward the sea, while the Spanish government

gress' as a Democrat, in the presentday party sense. For the achievement of our commission much of the credit has been given to Clay. The best opinion nowadays overshadows him with Gallatin. The late Henry Adams, grandson of the American chairman on the occasion, and a conscientiously just New England historian, writes; “Far more than' contemporaries ever supposed or than is now imagined, the treaty of Ghent was the especial work and the peculiar triumph of Mr. Gallatin.” E /' —~~ The peace with Mexico, concluded in the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,. was h curious specimen of such negotiatlons. The lone hand American, commissioner was Nicholas PhilipTrist, chief clerk of the state department under President Polk, and. like Polk, a thoroughgoing Democrat as Democrats are today. There was nothing very intricate to negotiatewith Mexico. We had gone to war to« establish the boundary at the Rio Grande as against The Mexican contention for the Nueces. The peace that w-as made not only satisfied our government as to that portion of the boundary but also fixed the remainder of it, giving us NewMexico and what was then called Upper California. Trist's_Job_was 12L make those stipulations and conclude a treaty yielding to them. He fir st met Santa Anna’s commissioners in the summer of 1847. General Scott 50(1’ not been notified of Triest’s mission,__ and quarreled violently with him when Jie appeared. Treaty Made Without Authority. During an armistice in August Trist, whose instructions as to New Mexico and California had followed him. failed to come to an agreement with the Santa Anna commission, which madecounter proposals and rejected all the American demands. At the end of the armistice fighting was resumed, and in deference to Scott Trist was recalled by the authorities at Washington. Before the order reached him, however, he had made friends with Scott and by Scott’s advice he remained on the ground regardless of theorder. At Christmas time, 1847. Scott’s army took the city of Mexico and Santa Anna resigned the Mexican presidency. Trist then, without any authority except Scott’s, resumed negotiations, procured the treaty that was wanted and took it back to Washington. Polk submitted It to the senate on February 23. Senatorial opposition caused modlflcations to which Mexico acceded, and ratification came on March 16. Our treaty of peace with Spain was concluded at Paris. December 10, 1898. The American commissioners wera William R. Day; late secretary of state, chairman ; Senators Cushman K. Davis, William P. Frye and George Gray, and Whitelaw Reid. All but one of the men appointed by McKinley were of his own party. Senator Gray was a Democrat. Spain relinquished sovereignty over Cuba, ceded Porto Rico, the Philippines and Guam, and received $20,000,000.

intercepted ■ wireless messages from the U-56 after a French steamer was sunk and its crew killed by a submarine. It ls quite obvious the U-56 was sent to Santander to organize the destruction ,of allied land Spanish shippingfroma favorable spotj4t is believed. - '

A Well-Governed Mind.

A well-governed mind learns In tlmS tn find pleasure In nothing but the trudr 7 and the Just.--AniieL JZ ’ ‘ v 4 ''A