Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 282, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 3 December 1918 — Page 2

A Bird in tne Hand

United States Department of Agriculture.) GUARD AGAINST CHICKEN “FLU.”

A Hen With the Roup—Your Chickens May Get In the Same Condition Unless You Take Proper Precautions to Prevent the Disease.

ROUP IS SERIOUS DISEASE IN FALL

In Many Respects This Ailment of Fowls Is Similar to Influenza of Humans. ISOLATE ALL AILING BIROS Symptoms, Preventive Measures and Treatment, Described by Specialists of United States Department of Agriculture. As cold weather approaches poultry raisers should take every precaution to prevent their chickens from getting colds. If the flock is not properly cared for it is easy for this ailment to get a start and so reduce the vitality of the birds that other more serious diseases are readily introduced. One of the most common as well as serious diseases which follow colds is contagious catarrh, more generally known among poultrymen as roup. It resembles the more malignant forms of influenza in the human family and among animals. It attacks principally the membranes lining the eye, the sacs below the eye, the nostrils and other parts about the head. It is attended with high fever and is very contagious. New birds and those which have been in exhibitions should be Isolated and kept under observation for two weeks before they are put with the flock and all animals and wild birds excluded so far as possible. The houses should be kept clean and dry and occasionally disinfected. If the disease appears notwithstanding these precautions, isolate the affected fowls at once at a distance from the well ones nnd apply disinfectants freely about the houses and runs. Also place sufficient permanganate of potash in all drinking water to give the latter a deep purple color. If the disease proves of a severe type it is often better to kill the entire flock, and after a thorough cleaning and disinfection of the premises to begin with new birds. This radical method avoids the retention of the birds which may harbor the contagion and cause the development of subsequent outbreaks. Prevent Introduction of Disease. Roup appears to be a strictly contagious disease; that is, one which arises only, so far as known, by contagion from other diseased birds. The nature of the microbe which constitutes the virus Is not known. The contagion Is generally brought into the poultry yard by infected birds. Sometimes these are birds which are purchased from other flocks in which the disease exists; .sometimes they are birds of the home flock which have been in exhibitions and there exposed to sick fowls; and sometimes they are wild birds or pigeons which fly from one poultry yard to another. The saliva and the discharge which escapes from the nostrils carry thecontagion and soon contaminate the drinking water and feeding troughs so that all the fowls are Infected. Even the flocks In adjoining yards are infected by the particles of mucus projected Into the air when sneezing, or by the contagion carried on the feet of persons, animals, or small birds that pass from one yard to another. Delicate birds are inclined to severe attacks and to recover slowly, and often a chronic condition persists for a long time. Birds so affected may carry and spread the contagion for a year or more and become the cause of new outbreaks of the disease. How Roup Affects Poultry. The symptoms first seen are very similar to those of an ordinary cold, but there is more fever, dullness, and prostration. The discharge from the nasal opening is at first thin and watery, but in two or three days it becomes thick and obstructs the breath-

ing. The inflammation, which begins In the nasal passages, soon extends to the eyes and to the spaces which exist immediately below the eyeballs. The eyelids are swollen, held closed much of the time, and may be glued together by the accumulated secretion. The birds sneeze and shake their heads in their efforts to free the air passages from the thick mucus. The appetite is diminished, and the birds sit with their heads drawn in and their wings drooping, having a -general appearance of depression and sickness. When the inflammation reaches the spaces or sacs beneath the eyes it causes the formation of a, secretion very similar to that of the nose, and as this becomes thick it collects, distends the walls of these spaces, and produces a warm and painful swelling, which is seen just below the eyes and may reach the size of a hickory nut. This swelling presses with much force on the eyeball, which is displaced and more or less deformed, and in extreme cases even the bones of the head may give way before it. The closure of the eyes prevents the badly affected birds from finding food; the accumulation of mucus in the nostrils completely obstructs these passages, so that the beak must be kept open in order to breathe; the obstruction of the windpipe and the smaller air tubes causes loud breathing sounds and difficult respiration. In the severe and advanced cases the birds sit in a somnolent or semiconscious condition, unable to see or to eat; their strength is rapidly exhausted, and many of them die within a week or ten days. A part of the affected Individuals recover, but others continue weak and have a chronic form of the disease for months, during which time they continue to disseminate the contagion.

PREVENTION IS BEST

The treatment of sick birds requires much time and patience and there is always the risk that they may carry the contagion for several months after they are apparently well: Prevention of colds and roup Is, therefore, much more satisfactory and profitable than treatment, say specialists of the United States department of agriculture. The poultry house should be kept free from drafts, and measures should be continually enforced which will exclude contagion of all kinds.

To Distinguish Roup.

Roup Is distinguished from diphtheria by the absence of the thick, tough, and very adherent newly formed membranes (false membranes) In the nostrils, mouth, and throat which are characteristic of the latter. There may sometimes be a deposit of yellowish material on the walls of the mouth and throat, but it is easily broken up and removed..

Box for Dust Bath.

Provide a box partly filled with road dust or wood ashes so as to give the hens an opportunity to take a dust bath. It' gjfves them needed exercise and keeps them free from lice and mites.

Uniformity of Purebreds.

Purebred poultry means uniformity of products. Uniformity of means increased profits if they are properly marketed. Given the same care and feed, purebred fowls will make a better profit than mongrels.

Profit-Producing Period.

The hen’s greatest profit-producing period is the first and second years, and unless a hen is an especially good breeder she sboud be disposed of at the end of her second laying season and before starting to molt. As a general nile, feed mashes early in the day and scratch grain in the evening.

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WAS JUST VISITING “Yank’s” Presence in Confederate Lines Explained.

In View of Hie Extremely Unconventional "Uniform*’ He Could Hardly Be Charged With Spying, as Gen. Gordon Quickly Saw.

Tn his "Reminiscences of the Civil War,” General Gordon relates that while the two hostile armies were confronting each other on the Rapldan, the Confederate and the Union pickets became so very “chummy” that the commanding generals were apprehensive lest important military information might leak out. An almost continuous exchange of tobacco for coffee was going on between “Yanks” and “Johnnies;” also much exchanging of newspapers. When the river was so deep that the soldiers not wade across, they rigged miniature bopts and rafts loaded with whatever they wished to trade and sent them over as the breeze favored. The consignees on both sides scrupulously respected these small argosies, and always sent back a fair equivalent. The men not only conversed across the river, but “visited” back and forth for an hour or two at a time. The officers began to fear that they might become too friendly to fight with proper energy; and at last General Lee Instructed General Gordon to put a stop to it. Mounting his horse, the general started to ride along the river front, and almost Immediately came upon a Confederate outpost, where his sudden appearance seemed to.create an unusual degree of excitement and stir. “Whafs going on here?” demanded the general. “Nothing at all, sir!” cried one of the soldiers eagerly ; while another attempted to explain that the confusion was owing to their haste to “present arms” to him. General Gordon was satisfied that this was a subterfuge, but he could see nothing amiss, and had turned to ride away when he saw some tall weeds on the river bank begin to shake. , “What’s in those weeds?” he asked, wheeling his horse. “Nothing at all, sir!” cried a chorus of voices. “Break down the weeds!” Very reluctantly one of the men did so—and there lay a large, red-headed “Yank” In puris naturallbus, having evidently but that minute swum across the river. “Where do you belong?” the general asked him severely. "OvCr yonder, general,” replied the Yankee, with a wave of his arm across the river and an inscrutable grimace. “What are you doing here?” “Jest a little friendly visit to the boys, general.” “Don’t you know that there’s a war raging in this country?” “Yes, sir; but ’tain’t ragin’ today,” was the quaint reply; and the ring of listening “Johnnies” grinned broadly. Something had to be done to preserve dignity and to enforce orders. “Have you anything to say why I should not have you shot as a spy?” demanded the general sternly. “Is that your uniform?” “Wai, general, it’s the uniform my mother gave me,” came from the weeds in a drawl so irresistible that the “Johnnies” shouted. Quickly perceiving that this was a case where it was necessary to treat the matter as a joke or else to mete out extreme severity, General Gordon chose the former alternative. “Look here,” said he; “if I let you go back to your own lines this time, will you—” It was unnecessary to finish the sentence. With a spring to his feet the “Yank”-dived off the river bank; immediately his red head was seen parting the water rapidly in the direction of the other shore. —Youth’s Companion.

Weeping Stove Pipes.

Weeping stove pipes, from the Joints if which a tarlike liquid leaks out, is often a difficult trouble to remedy. ■lt Is due to Insufficient draft. The smoke moving slowly through the pipes condenses, and the liquid so formed oozes out at the joints of the pipes. Sometimes having the pipes on an Incline, upwards towards the chimney, will Increase the draft Some find that a little opening In the pipe next the chimney, with a sliding cover, increases the draft up the chimney, when open, and so causes the smoke to pass out quickly. It all comes to this: Increase the draft and the heat of the pipes, and so cause the smoke to pass out so quickly that It cannot cool and condense in the pipes.

Wear Sunflower in France.

The fame of the sunflower as the emblem of Kansas has penetrated France, and is the object of much appreciation on the part of the French people, according to word received at Camp Funston. A letter from a member of the Eighth division states that the members of the division all wear a big sunflower on an arm band as a distinguishing emblem of the division, which received Its training here. The division, the first to be trained at Camp Funston, was trained by Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood.

Short-Sighted.

"What does Bliggins think the outcome of the war will be?” “Bl 1 ggins is a profiteer. He’s Inter ested In the Income” y

NATION DEPENDS UPON HOME

I .111—1.1 !—■■■ Great Truth Revealed by the War la - Not Likely to Be Forgotten When It Ends. “If the health of the people had been looked after properly, Britain would have a million more fighting men at the front. You cannot have an A-l nation with a C-3 population,” declared Premier Lloyd George In a recent speech at Manchester. Here in America the same thought was forced upon us by the disclosures of physical unfitness in the selective draft, and the comment was made that the military loss thus represented was just as much a loss to the nation industrially and economically. The British statesman proposes to do more than talk about it He says the abolition of the evil social conditions of pre-war days will be the greatest problem after the coming of peace. He uses a simile that will appeal to Pittsburgh: “With our machinery we take the greatest care. The way we look after it if the steel is defective through badly-ventilated or illconstructed furnaces or insufficient fuel! The quality of the steel in the national fabric depends upon the home. If it is unhealthy, ill-equipped, ill-man-aged, the' quality becomes defective and it cannot bear the strain.” To enable the nation to bear the g» gantlc burden of debt the war will impose on it and the still greater burden of. recuperation and reconstruction, Lloyd George warns the national resources must be developed to the full. First among these is the human factor. Just as today everyone of us was expected to do his or her part toward the winning of the war, when the sense of common peril brought to each and all the sense of interdependence, Lloyd George insists that in the years to come we must carry the same spirit into the ■ everyday life of the nation. We nnigt concern ourselves with the care of our fellow citizens, the steel in the national machine upon all depend. We cannot after the war -withdraw ourselves into our pre-war selfish Isolation. We must constantly keep before us and act upon the same enlightened spirit of comradeship we exact today from every fellow citizen. If we want to remain an A-l nation, we must see that we have the fewest possible C-3 men, women and children.

The Useful Penny.

Introduction of the penny transfer In the operation of the Indianapolis street car system, which caused the Indianapolis Traction and Terminal company to supply itself with 8,000 pennies the first day, brouglit~to the mind of J. J. Mahoney, superintendent, a story of the eighties when Tom Johnson, afterward mayor of Cleveland, was treasurer, and a supply of pennies In the hands of the company helped to stop a run on a bank. Mr. Mahoney has been connected with the Indianapolis street car system for a long, long time. In those days passengers dropped a nickel fare in a box and sometimes they put in five pennies. The company was usually overstocked with pennies, and had to send them to .the, United States mint to get rid of them. The pennies were put In bags. It happened that the company had a lot or bags full of pennies when a run started on a bank. There was a great throng of people at the bank demanding and getting back their deposits. Through an understanding, the bank and the street car company resorted to camouflage. Several street car employees were called In and directed to carry the bags of pennies into the bank. It was an Impressive sight, as bag after bag was passed through the cashier’s window, and Mr. Mahoney says it had the desired effect.

"Hard” and “Soft" News.

Japanese newspapers, according to Prof. F. L. Martin of the University of Missouri’s school of journalism, divide their news into “hard” and “soft.” The hard news consists of serious, Important events. The soft news Includes all sorts of “human Interest” incidents. What Is called the “third page” of the soft news department consists of trivial stories which would be called gossip in this country. Here is a sample of “third page” soft news: *‘Since Etsunaka, a resident of Osakusa, has separated from her master, a coal dealer, she has lost a good opponent for her noted powers of quarreling. The neighbors are breathing freely again at the prospect that they need no longer hear embarrassing quarrels which have made the neighborhood famous. The reaction has been so great that Etsunaka has been downhearted. She says: ‘I feel sick now that I have no one to quarrel with.’ ’’ —Outlook.

Midget Had Soldier Son.

Admiral Det, P. T. Barnum’s midget celebrity, who died a short time ago, lived to give a stalwart son to the American army In France. Both his parents were of normal size. As. midgets go, Admiral Dot was of lesser eminence tiiap Gen. Tom Thumb, but after the latter’s death in 1883 he remained first among his kind until his retirement to become a hotelkeeper a 'qaarter of a century ago. Admiral Dot was American born and purely a native celebrity. He lived to be fifty-nine years old. while Gen. Tom Thumb died at forty-six, and the Polish dwarf Borulwaskl missed becoming a centenarian by two years.

Its Sort.

“Looking at that letter you have just posted, makes me think you have ono thing In common with the kaiser.” "What is Itr \ “A mailed fist*

The Housewife and the War

(Special Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture.) ■ USE SKIM MILK IN COOKING.

A Nutritious Dish Made From Skim Milk Which Will Save You Enough for a Thrift Stamp.

NOVEL METHODS TO SAVE MONEY

One Housekeeper Found Two Quarts of Skim Milk to Equal One Pound of Beef. SCHEME OF FARMER’S WIFE Delicious Stew Made Appetizing Dish for Family Dinner —Numberless Ways to Make Meals Nourishing and Inexpensive. Not every farmer’s wife has a large supply of spending money but with a great enough incentive most women can manage somehow to save a little day by day. Many a housekeeper manages to save a little each day from the amount usually spent /or food without reducing the nutritive value of the meals she serves her family. The following tells one .way It can be done. A farmer’s wife not long ago cooked for her family a delicious stew. It was made from two pouhds of beef, combined with vegetables—carrots, onions and potatoes, and was attractively served in a border of steamed rice. It made an appetizing dish for the family dinner. The Stew Which Saved Meat. A neighbor woman partook of the meal and went home and prepared another beef vegetable stew. Her stew furnished just as much nourishment for her family as her neighbor’s but cost 25 cents less. She used but one pound of beef Instead of two and the same kinds of cases two cupfuls of rf?e were used but In the latter case the rice was cooked In two quarts of skim milk instead of water. One cupful of rice, as most housekeepers know, will absorb from four to six cupfuls of milk If cooked slowly Tn the double boiler or In the oven. Rice cooked in this way has a richness and flavor which that cooked In water does not possess. The , two quarts of skim milk furnish the same amount of nourishment as the pound of beef left out, but skim milk can very often be bought In the country for five cents a quart while the pound of beef costs 35. If preferred the rice can be cooked In a mixture of milk and water and some of the milk reserved and used In the stew. . Used In Numberless. Ways. This Is just one of the ways in which the use of skim milk can help save the pennies. If you live on a farm where |t is plentiful you can use it in numberless ways to make your meals more nourishing and Inexpensive. Use it to make vegetable soups and chowders. Use it la. making bread an« for dressing vegetables; Cook your breakfast cereal In it or make milk cereal or bread puddings, custards, orother milk desserts. The protein given In the form of a rich” pudding or other mttk desserts Is just as valuable to your body as when served as the main dish- of a ipeal. Another way to make milk save meat is to utilize the skim milk for making cottage cheese. Cottage cheese is one of the most valuable meat substitutes and- Is easy to make. A nutritious and delicious recipe for its use tells how to make meat sausages from IL Cottage Cheese Sausage. 1 cupful cottage H teaspoonful powcheeae dared saga 1 cupful dry bread teaspoonful crumbs or *4 cupful thyme cold cooked rice 1 teaspoonful milk and % cupful of 1 teaspoonful salt bread crumbs U teaspoonful % cupful peanut pepper butter or 2 table- H teaspoonful spoonfuls savory soda fat 1 tablespoonful cupful coarsely finely chopped chopped peanut onion meats The bread crumbs may be made from left-over corn, barley or other quick breads. Cook the onion in the *nt until tender but not brown. Mix til the other dry ingredients thoroughly with the bread crumbs. Blend peanut butter and onion with the cheese

and mix with them the bread crumbs. Form Into flat cakes, dust with bread crumbs or cornmeal-and fry In a little fat until a delicious brown. Variations:. To utilize leftover cereals, Use one cupful of cooked rice, oatmeal or cornmeal mush with three-fourths cupful of bread crumbs. Dry cornmeal or; finely, ground oatmeal may be used for stiffening the above mixture, but In such case it Is, better to form Into a loaf and bake it In the oven about 25 minutes. Other seasonings may be used In place of the above. The amount of liquid will vary in every case. The mixture should be very stiff, since the cheese tends to soften it during the cooking.

Care of Kitchen Equipment.

American women as a class have not practiced economy to any extent In the care of household equipment, the states relations service of the department of agriculture believes. There generally has been sufficient money to buy a new article when It was needed, or when there was a wish to buy, and the market has been well supplied with new devices to tempt the housewife. Now It Is Impossible to purchase some of the simplest articles because they are not being manufactured. The housekeeper 1s suddenly confronted with the unusual value of little things and the present Is the opportunity to acquire habits of thrift. ' „ Are You Guilty of These Misdemeanors? The want of thought in the care and use. of equipment is often the cause of its short life. Some of the apparently trifling' mistakes which cause utensils and tools to wear out before they should are the following: Contents of sieucepans and kettles boiled until dry and the metal overheated. Handles, screws and fastenings of kfilves, forks, egg beaters, etc., loosened from having been left tn hot water. ' • •.£ Metal MRenslls put away wet, causing them to rustCovers put away wet with steam as they are taken off the saucepan. Brooms and brushes used continually on one side and woim to a point. Brooms allowed to stand on the floor until their weight bends or breaks the straw. Glasses broken because the bottom Instead of the 'side Is put Into hot water. ** . . China dulled by washing with too strong soapsuds. - , Liquids spilled on. rugs or polished surfaces because the container was too full. ‘ k Contents of the saucepan billed over on the stove or In the cause allowance was not made for the expansion of liquids by heat. Burners of gas and oil stoves clogged and useless by burned food. Rugs torn by having been held by the edge while shaking In cleaning. Glazing of porcelain and enameled sinks, tubs and waste bowls scratched and brokon by cleaning with coarse cleaning materials. Finish of furniture marred by placing hot dishes, medicine bottles and by spilling liquids on it Furniture cracks and partb loosened because the oil bath and rub are not applied regularly. China broken In the refrigerator by placing heavier dishes on it. Dish towels scorched and stained when used for oven cloths and to lift hot saucepans from the stove. Varnished and ' oiled - woodwork spoiled by washing with soap. . Springs- in beds, couches and chairs and othe” pieces of furniture broken by allowing children to jump and play too roughly on them. •

Use Left-over Boiled Rice.

Here Is a use for small quantities of left-over boiled rice, suggested by the United States department of agriculture : Rice With Cheese.—-Heat one cttpful of boiled rice in. two tablespoonfuls of milk. Add one cupful of grated cheese, one-half teaspoonful of salt and other flavoring If desired, and cook slowly until the cheese te melted. Then add one egg well beaten. Serve on. crackers or toast. Always wash she can opener In hot water after Using, to prevent the smell Of the fish to thft.tin from dinging to It . '' ' Z'T- ... ■'