Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 248, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 22 October 1918 — Page 3

Preventable Waste to Amount of $1,943,000,000 Going on in America

By Prof. E. B. HOUSE.

natecL A great deal of fruit and many vegetables are wasted on the farm These could all be canned at home, and we would have a saving of a hundred million dollars. America’s annual bill for not taking the right care of farm machinery amounts to $25,000,000. America’s careless and wasteful handling of apples and potatoes makes at least "another $10,000,000. Authorities state that the sum total of our neglected fences, roads and farm buildings represents another loss of $250,000,000. It is a simple problem .in arithmetic to sum up all these. Sum them up and you will find that they total $1,943,000,000—a sum that is certainly worth thinking about. \ -

Millions of Men Under Hapsburg Tyranny Are Longing for Real Freedom

The Jugo-Slavs of the Adriatic provinces and the Czecho-Slovaks of the north look to America as the deliverer from Hapsburg tyranny. Twenty-eight million people trodden down by a German-Magyar minority am with the allies heart and soul. In the dual monarchy there are, roughly speaking, .12,000,000 Aus-tro-Germans and 10,000,000 Magyars. Opposed to these ruling races are 8,500,000 Czecho-Slovaks, 5,000,000 Poles, 4,000*000 Roumanians, 7,000,000 Jugo-Slavs, 3,000,000 Bohemians and nearly 1,000,000 Italians. For nearly fifty years the diplomatic relations between Germany and Austria have been dictated by the Hapsburg polity of playing off one race against another tp prevent insurrection. The kaiser has backed Austria’s hand because the-freedom of the oppressed races in the dual monarchy would put an end to the whole Mittel-Europa scheme. The Roumanians, the Italians, the Jugo-Slavs all want to be joined to the kindred race with which they, are by blood allied. Alone, of the subject races the Czecho-Slovaks have no free fraction of their own peoph outside the Austrian empire with which to be united. But the Czecho-Slovaks are irreconcilable—and with a free Bohemia ’ the dream of central Europe is impossible. Many years ago Bismarck said, “The master of Bohemia is the master of Europe.” Every German and Austrian statesman since his time has kept this before him as a practical rule of conduct. f Iffthe Jugo-Slav territory were united Austria-Hungary would be cut off from the Adriatic, which would be fatal to the military plans of Germany. ‘"yV 4 That is why the nationalistic aspirations for freedom of the JugoSlavs and the Czecho-Slovaks are tremendously important to the Allies.

Patriotic Women of America Are Urged to Buy Less Clothes and Save Wool

By MISS E. M. HYLE,

- The patriotism of American women will be ffested this year by the way they solve their clothing problem. The woman who buys a new wool suit or dress, when s])e has an old one which she .can freshen up or remodel, is a slacker. America produces only enough wool to supply one-half to two-thirds her normal needs. The average amount of wool required for a civilian is eight pounds a year, while for a fully equipped soldier it is about thirteen times this amount, or 106 pounds. When the army is increased to five million men it is estimated that no civilian can have any new v°pl clothes. Even at present it is not .possible for soldiers’ blankets and suits to be all wool. The army blankets now contain 35 per cent reworked wool, and there is 25 per cent cotton and 25 per cent shoddy in some of the material used for soldiers. - The manufacturers of women’s clothing are doing their part in helping it this Wool situation. They have agreed to limit themselves to a few styles, to garments with little or no wool trimming, such as extra poeketfi, belts and straps, to use material for garments which contains some reworked wool, to use models which require a small amount of goods, and to reduce the use of samples. It is estimated if sample giving is eliminated 67,000 soldiers can be clothed on what is thus saved. The government by cutting six inches from 7,000,000 .soldiers’ overcoats was able to make 31,200 more coats. ; If a woman finds nothing in her trunk or attic yhich she can make over for herself this winter and finds that she must buy a new woolen garment, she should buy, if possible, a garment which is not navy bine or khaki color, because the government needs these dyes. If possible she should not buy cloth of the weave found in soldiers’ garments, since the looms which manufacture these weaves need to be kept busy on materials for soldiers’ supplies. She should chodse a design that is not extreme in style. • Women should ask themselves this year, “How few clothes can I get along with?” and not “How much have I to spend for clothing?” Nonessential clothing should be eliminated because the production of any such material means that labor, machinery, fuel and transportation are being diverted from war purposes. Nonessential clothing is that which ifi npt required to maintain physical efficiency. ' ;

Men's collars have again advanced' in price. The everlasting gratitude of a nation would go out to «Qme Washington board that could declare than nonessential these days., The German birth rate is’said to be falling off rapidly. _ More cheerful news than this, however, is the increase, in the German death rate.

ObMp .VicnWl College. Fort Coffirw. Colo.

In this country we waste $500,000,000 annually in soil erosions—a loss that could be stopped by the farmer. We lose $238,000,000 a year through floods, and at least $100,000,000 of this could be prevented by ; proper farm draining. Each year insects destroy our crops to the value of $659,000,000. Live stock diseases which, are preventable cost us another SIOO,000,000. Weylose $40,000,000 a year by the careless handling of eggs. Rats, mice, gophers and other small animals destroy crops to the value of $100,000,000 a year. These could be controlled and totally external*

By ELMER DAVIS

University of Miuouri, College of Agriculture

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. RENSSELAER. INP.

GLORY OF TURKISH CAPITAL

Jreat Mosque of Sants Sofia a Marvel In Beauty of Architecture and f Rich Decoration. The great mosque of Santa -Sofia towers majestically over Constantinople, dominating Its surroundings by sheer thick-set ponderousness. - Itifi bulky dome and tacked-on minarets are, however, only the shell which covers a vast cathedral justly famed for beauty of line and rich ornament. From the outer court you pass through a heavy bronze door and stand within a hall of such cavernous proportions that it seems, impossible that even the exterior, that seemed so massive, could contain it. Above, the dome rises in a sweeping curve. Once mosaic figures of Christian saints adorned these higher regions of the hall, but the vandal Turks long ago covered the saints with plaster through which in certain places they still can be seen smiling dimly but serenely The mosque has not always been a Mohammedan temple. The .origlal Santa Sofia, a Christian cathedral erected by Constantine, was destroyed by fire. It was Justinian who rebuilt it in the sixth century, decorating it with such lavish magnificence that he was.himself surprised at the result and cried out: “Solomon, I have surpassed thee!” In Justinian’s day the new temple was a veritable Aladdin’s cave. Its walls and columns were of marble brought from, foreign quarries and from other temples. Famous shrines of Diana, ApoHo and even the Temple of the Sun at Baalbek contributed tbeir statues and jewels, willingly or not, to the glory of Justinian’s cathedral. Into this treasure vault in 1463 burst the Conquering Turks, wrecking, plundering and claiming possession. From that time on Santa Sofia, Church of the Divine Wisdom, has been a Turkish mosque, with minarets added and the crescent over all. —Chicago Daily News %

DEPENDS ON ONE’S THOUGHTS

By No Means Always the Part of Real Wisdom for Persons to Say What They Think. Whether we are to say what we think, or not, depends entirely on what our thoughts are and how they will affect others. There are some thoughts it is a sin to hide. The people who smother a good thought because they are afraid of being misunderstood or laughed at, take upon themselves a dangerous responsibility. To conceal a kind thought is something for which there is no excuse. There are other thoughts which it is a pity to allow to get beyond your own brain. It is unfortunate indeed to have them, but at least you can resolve that they shall never get outside of their •birthplace. If you think this world is a. dreary, dismal place, what, is the good of saying so? If,morbid, angry thoughts have taken possession of you, stamp them out as you would a breed of snakes. Be brave enough to speak the thought which should be spoken, no matter whether it is likely to be popular or not. And be strong enough to hold In a leash the thought which, if it should escape, would work harm to others.—Selected.

Way of a Japanese Woman.

Lafc-adlo Hearn was a very critical man. For Instance, when he was doing business with publishers In foreign countries, and because he was so far away, the publisher would take the liberty of deciding the arrangement of such things as book covers and illustrations without consulting Hearn, who was very particular about all details. At such times Hearn was ofteh made furiously angry % When he received a letter from the publishing house he would immediately write back a fierce (sic) -answer in anger, and order it to be mailed at once; bnt I would say, ‘Yes,’ and hold It over a mall. Two or three days afterward, when he had become calm, he would regret that he had written too severely, and would say: “Mamma-san, have you mailed that letter?* I would ansWer ‘Yes,’ and watch to see whether he really regretted It. If so, I would give him the letter. He would be immensely pleased, and say: ‘Mammasan, you are the only one!’ and woull begin a new letter in a milder tone.— Mrs. Hearn in Atlantic.

First Automobile Patent.

The first application for a patent for an automobile was- filed in the United Btates patent Office by George B. Selden, 39 years ago. Selden was a patent lawyer in Rochester, N. Y„ when he first began to experiment with the idea of a vehicle propelled by a gasoline engine. Considering that his “road engine” was not yet perfected and that the times were not ripe for It, he secured delay after delay, and the patent was not definitely issued until 1895. From the first, doubts were cast on the validity of the Selden patent, but it earned a fortune for the astute inventor-attorney and tor a long time dominated the motor' car industry of the United States.

Lieutenant Colonels.

Combinations of the word “lieutenant,” such as lieutenant colonel, mean an officer subordinate, an assistant to the rank to which lientenant is prefixed. In European armies the lieutenant colonel is often the real commander of a regiment, its colonel being some royalty whose duties end with having himself photographed in lbs uniform.

THE MURMAN COAST

Corner of the Inlet at Alexandrovsk.

THE Murman coast which Germany, with the aid of Finland, has been trying to seize, is a part of Russian Lapland, Sdng the coast of what is known as the Kola peninsula. - The origin of the name Murman is doubtful, hut it is probable that it is a corruption of Norman 0- «•» Norwegian) the district being adjacent to Norway. The Russian custom Is to change the capital N of $ borrowed word into M, so that Norman vould naturally become in Rnsslun, ■Morman" or “Murman.” The Murtnan coast is of immense importance to Russia, since it contains an excellent harbor which is free from ice all the year round—the deep Inlet usually called the Gulf of Kola, hut now fresuently termed the Gulf of Murman. The region has definitely belonged to Russia for some five centuries, and it is extraordinary that no attempt was long made to utilize it for commercial purposes. It was/ of course, rery remote from the then center of Russia at Moscow, and the difficulties jf communication in a virgin country, even now devoid of roads, probably leterred poverty-stricken and slowly progressing Russia from opening a route to it It also lay close to the Swedish frontier (the Swedish empire Included Finland up to 1809), and the llstrict was frequently raided by Swedish brigands and guerrillas. In 1533 the missionary Metrofan (St. Try--on) founded the famous monastery Petchenga * but in 1590, seven fears after his death, this outpost of civilization was sacked by the Swedes and its occupants massacred to the accompaniment of fiendish tortures. The anarchy 6f Russia during the early seventeenth century prevented colonizing efforts. For centuriesRussia was content with Archangel, Icebound for half the year, as her single outlet to the north; and in the nineteenth century large sums were .expended upon the improvement, of that unsatisfactory port, while the Icetree Murman coast was neglected. Murman Railway to Alexandrovsk. This state of things lasted until the beginning of the twentieth century, erhen a naval station was tardily installed at Ekaterina harbor, a bay at the mouth of the Gulf of Kola. A rallwpay to connect this single Ice-free Russian port with Petrograd was protected, bnt, in the usual dilatory Russian fashion, remained a project until the early part of 1915. Then the closing of the entrances to the Baltic and the Black sea, and the consequent Isolation of Russia, awakened the allies to the necessity of utilizing the port, and with feverish energy the railway was pushed forward across the 700 miles of wild .and desolate country—forest, lake, mountain, and snowy steppe—which He between Petrograd and Kola. Thousands of workmen were levied to construct It, and in little more than a year communication was established. But the mortality among the workmen was enormous, as was unhappily too frequently the case with the gigantic engineering feats which excited our In Russia. The railway runs through Kola, at the head of the gulf, and terminates at Romanov or Murmansk, some distance further on. This place was In 1914 a small fishing hamlet, hut has by now grown Into a place of some 3,000 inhabitants. In the present chaotic state of Russian administration it is governed by seven distinct councils or boards, of which the principal one, the regional council, exercises a general supervision over the town and the province. This council is stated as being friendly In feeling towards the allies. The place is, Indeed, practically dependent for food and other necessaries upon supplies furnished by the Wiles by sea; and this vital fact doubtless influences the governing body. > Life in this outpost is curiously artificial. There are no shops or hotels; the councils distribute food and assign lodgings to new arrivals. The rost of living is low, but houseroom is scarcely obtainable. Wages are enormously high—l,ooo rubles a month for locomotive drivers, <JOO for ordinary workmen, 875 for dock laborers.

and so on. Even allowing for the depredation of the paper ruble, the rates are vefy high. Rough Country Without Roads. Alexandrovsk, the naval station on Ekaterina harbor, was during the war a depot of British submarines and other mosquito craft When Russia fell to pieces at the revolution, and Finland became a German vassal state, It was to be expected that an attempt would be made to seize the Murman coast Hopes were held out to Finland of acquiring an ice-free exit to the Arctic ocean. The difficulties In the way of an expedition to the Murman region are great The country Is practically uninhabited, so that a military force must take its own supplies. There are no roads, and the country to be traversed is largely mountainous, interspersed with tracts of forest and marsh, presenting many obstacles to military operations, apart from the arctic climate. On the coast, It may be mentioned, the climate Is deddedly milder"than in the interior. Kola, the port nea? Murmansk, where. Americans, British and French marines' landed in order to protect munitions and provisions originally Intended for the Russian government, Is situated at the Junction of the Kola and Tuloma rivers. Before the war it had only about 600 inhabitants, according to a war geography bulletin of the National Geographic society. In peace times the chief occupation of the people of Kola is fishing, which is profitably followed by the natives from May to August. Kola is well within the arctic circle, being In latitude 68 minutes 52 seconds. It is 835 miles westward of Xrchangel, the great White sea port of Russia. The Penihsula of Kola constitutes the major part of what is known, as Russian Lapland. It is bounded on the north by the Arctic ocean and on the south by the White sea. Its area equals that of the state of New York, and is largely a plateau having an average elevation of 1,000 feet.

FIRMLY BELIEVE IN CHARMS

Impossible to Bhake Faith of Inhabitant# of Some Parte of Rural England. Superstition dies hard, and In the out-of-the-way rural districts of England the people still have a firm belief in herbs and charms as a core fox their various Ills. In Cheshire, perhaps, such superstitions are most numerous, and a native will tell you that hedgehogs are useful in the cure of epilepsy, that ointment should never be applied with the first finger, as that one is venomous, and that a child’s nails should never be cut during the first year of its life, or it will grow up light fingered. Most curious, however, are the cures recommended for whooping cough. A lock of hair Should be cut frop the sufferer’s head, and pot into a bole bored in the bark of a mountain ash, after which the hole should be closed. The whoop will vanish In three days under this treatment. ? Many strange cores are suggested for ague. In Lincolnshire, for instance, the method is very elaborate. The sufferer should get up at sunrise on the first day. of the month, making sure his pockets are empty, take a carving knife that he has bought and used himself, plunge It into an ant hill, and twist the knife as many times as he has had fits. Then, lying fiat on {he face, with head pointing to the son, he should breathe as many times as he has suffered into the hole in the ant hill, and then return home, speaking no word until he has broken his fast.

Internal Revenue.

More tian $3,500,000,000 has oeen collected In internal revenue taxes, including income and taxes, for the fiscal year. This exceeds by over $100,009,000 the estimates made a few months ago, and by over $200,000,000 the estimates made a year ago when the revenue measures were passed by congress.

JACK’S MOTHER

By ROBE HOLMES.

(Copyright, by McOuix, .newspaper S, Syndicate.) Of course, Juek is the dearest fellow in the world, but he often refers to his mother’s efficiency, lack's mother is efficient. I’ll admit it. 4 wou,<l a,so call her stin—economical. V. v ,;' f: Since the slogan “Get Behfhd. Hoover*’ has become popular It seems to me that Jack has referred more frequently to the efficiency of his motjier i bos several times Intimated that saving a little on living expenses would be a laudable ambition for me. This idea was put in words that I understood, when he said: “My dear, 1 think $45 too much for you to spend on a hat this season.” So I didn’t spend it I got a per-fectly-good-enoujp best hat for $35, afed In order to make it last longer I got one that was all right for everyday, for S2O. But that isn’t what I started to tell you about. You see, we go over to Jack’s mother’s for dinner on her birthday, and this year was to be no exception. I knew' she would show us her preserves and pickles and cans of things; and her last winter’s suit that she had made as good as new with the addition of mew collar and cuffs. And I happened to think that" my sweater was dirty, and that I would want to wear It under my coat if we motored over; and also happened to. think that the fact that it was dirty would not escape efficiency’s eye. Well, cleaning is expensive, and didn’t Jack w'ant me to economize? Hadn’t I paid the most reliable cleaning establishment in Boston $1.75 plus expressage, for cleaning that same sweater not ipng ago?—a perfectly exorbitant price; W'hy, the sweater only cost $12.50 In the first place. No, It wasn’t one of those expensive handknit ones, but it was a very pretty sweater. Yes, that soft rose one you have seen me wear. They say "a penny salved Is a penny earned,” so I decided 4hat I couldn’t earn $1.75 any easier than to wash that sweater myself, with about five cents’ worth of soap. Did you ever try to wash anything? We’ve always sent the washing out, so haven’t any tubs or wringers or things, but there was a bathtub. I believe one of the helps to efficiency is being able to utilize .the things. It takes a lot of energy to get up a suds in a bathtub, If you are not on the Inside. Do you know how much a sweater weighs when it’s wet? I soaped and robbed and squeezed that garment for the better part of an hour; then, if It never became clean, I wouldn’t have given It another souse. After I squeezed the water oot of It the best I could and hung It over the radiator to dry, I went down town to try on a perfectly lovely set of furs that were in Brown A Co.’s window. , There I met Molly Whitman and Tottle Franch and took them to the Sally-Ally Tea Room for something to eat; then I took them to the Strand to see Julian Eltlnge in “Countess Charming.” I wanted to see If I couldn’t tell that he Isn’t a woman even If I didn’t know It. I dropped around to the office for Jack and we dune home together. We were hardly in the house before he give me the opening I wanted, by saying: “Well, wfyat have you been doing today, Hon?” “Oh, I’ve got the biggest kind of a surprise for you, Jack; I’ve been getting behind the conservation board! I saved $1.75 this morning 1” "Pretty good for one morning. Can you keep up that pace for a year?” Throwing my things on a chair as I passed, I seized the sweater from the radiator and held it up. •See!” I exclaimed. “What is it?” he Inquired stupidly. "Can’t you see? It’s my sweater! I washed it myself and saved $1.75!” “Um —m —m. Isn’t it a little large?” • “Large? No; It never was! It fits all right!” said I, proceeding to invest myself. My arms were not long enough for the sleeves—by absut a foot; but being *usy wrinkling up the sleeves. I hadn’t observed that Jack was having a fit or something; then I looked down at myself. It was right then that I was thankful that I hadn’t used wool soap (the kind mamma used, yon know), for whatever else happened to that sweater, I would not want to have deprived It of the amount It “shrunk.” It was originally a fashionable length; it now escaped the floor by about nine inches. The pockets, which were normally placed, could now be observed as little sacks hanging near the bottom. And the belt ! That was also normally placed, but now. if tied, would greatly Interfere with locomotion. I didn’t care anything about the old sweater anyway; but there was Jack in fits of |pughter; and it Is so humiliating to have failed when one Is striving to compete with an economical mother-in-law. Well. I just stripped the o(d thing off and threw It In bis face and started for the bedroom. Yes, I was crying, hut hadn’t my head half covered np pillow before Jack came, saying: "There —there —Honey! Sl)e did try to economize—did try to save her old man $1 75! There—there —she cnn get her a new sweater —” and he tucked three yellowbacks in any hand.