Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 156, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 12 July 1918 — Page 2

Exiles' First Breath of Free France

Scene at Railroad Station at Evian, on the Swiss Border

Every day on the platform of the railroad station at Evian, on the Swiss border, about 1,500 returning exiles have their first breath of free France. They are the men and women and children —of no further use to the enemy, who are being returned to their own country from Germany and the conquered districts of France and Belgium. The French government requested the assistance of the American Red Cross in solving some of the acute problems at Evian, where these 1,500 people must pass through every day to make room for those coming tomorrow I When the first trains came in, always with several cases of contagious diseases among the children, there was the constant danger of epidemics spreading through France, as these refugees scattered through the country. The first thing the Red Cross did was to establish a system of medical inspection to prevent this, and a children’s hospital and dispensary, where thousands of little ones are given expert care. Several famous old monasteries and chateaux near Evian and Lyons have been made over into convalescent homes for these orphan children and the Red Cross is active in their support. Amid all the tragedy of Evian there is the thrilling hour of return to France; and in the care of the Red Cross the children sometimes ■find a journey’s end that reminds them of the fairies.

Food Value of Fish

Extensive Use Recommended by Department of Agriculture

Further evidence that fish deserves p place in every diet was obtained from a recent series of digestion experiments in the United States department of agriculture. These tests furnished scientific proof that fish, which has always been reckoned as a valuable food, is very completely utilized in the body. In the experiments Boston mackerel, butterfish, salmon and grayfish—a variety not generally used in this country—were made into “fish loaves” and served as a basis of a simple mixed diet to young men of healthy appetites. Both the protein and the fat of the fish were well utilized. Following are the percentages of protein digested: Boston mackerel, 93.1 per cent; butterfish, 91.9 per cent; grayfish, 92.8 per cent; and salmon, 93.2 per cent. The percentages of fat digested were found to be: Boston mackerel, 95.2 per cent; butterfish, 86.4 per cent; grayfish, 94.3 per cent; salmon, 93.7 per cent. In addition tothe fish loaf, the diet included potatoes, crackers, fruit, sugar, and tea or coffee. On the average the subjects each day ate 440 grams of Boston mackerel, 471 grams of butterfish, 440 grams of grayfish, or .355 grams of salmon, indicating that in every case the fish was eaten with relish. The department recently has concluded an investigation of the commercial freezing and storing of fish, and a bulletin on that subject says that this method of preserving fish will hold them for many months in the condition in which they were received, but will not counteract deterioration due to previous heating or mishandling. Chemical analysis shows no significant changes in frozen fish held for 27 months —much longer than would be necessary or profitable in storing fish commercially.

To the Point.

Some music has charms that would drive a savage to drink. Injustice often pats a man on the back while justice kicks him. A woman often says: “It’s no use talking”—but she never means it Some would be more likely to take hints if they could pawn them. Any chronic borrower soon begins to wonder why every one he knows is broke.

Moonlight Work in Gardens.

A new type of garden laborer, known as the “moonlighter,” has appeared in the suburban country dlsrricts of England, owing to the shortage of general laborers. The moonlighter is a worker who Is employed all day, but who is willing to earn a little extra money by working during the moonlight nights In the gardens and allotments. His Is the only sort of labor that the suburbanites can now employ in the digging and sowing of the vegetable plot which every suburban householder regards as an esK'ctla) part of his household.

POULTRY CONVERT WASTE INTO FOOD

(By the United States Department of Agriculture.) The central thought to be borne in mind in considering the growing of more poultry as a war necessity is the fact that the keeping of poultry is a means of converting into good food materials that cannot be utilized by man, that cannot be eaten by any other kinds of stock, and that, without the poultry, would be absolute waste. Very clearly, it becomes a national as well as an individual duty to keep enough poultry to take up all such waste materials. ■ As long as fowls take the bulk of their feed from such sources and require to be fed on grain or other garnered feeds only as a finishing process, additional food is being created. Careful planning must be done, of course, to insure the utilization Of as many kinds of waste materials as possible and to avoid overstocking with any one kind of poultry that would not be fully fed from the particular kinds of waste which it eats and would, therefore, require to be largely fed from garnered materials. Chickens, in any general scheme of poultry production, of course, must take first place. They are best adapted to general conditions, take a wide range of feeds and convert them, perhaps, with the greatest margin of profit. Chickens, better than any other class of poultry, utilize table scraps and the general run of waste from the kitchen door, all the way from apple and potato parings to sour milk. Chickens far surpass all other kinds of poultry in salvaging waste grain from the stables, from the shed or lot where the cattle are fed, and from hog pens. During the winter months, on farms where any considerable number of live stock are kept, the 100 hens suggested would make their living from these sources with only slight additional feeding from time to time. Chickens are great destroyers of insects, including many injurious forms, in yard, pasture, and orchard. They utilize, also, many grasses and weeds, and seeds from the same, would otherwise be of no use. .Except in isolated instances, the Jdirt of wisdom would be, undoubtedly 1 ; to keep more chickens than al t'other kinds of poultry combinecTTnut there should be, in a majority of cases, some of all the other common kinds of poultry.

New Grader Is Marvel.

A remarkable grading machine, which, it is claimed, does the work of 125 men, cutting a smooth path 5 feet 7 inches wide and as much as 2 feet deep, is now being built to order for large contractors. Because it will rip out old macadam or moist clay about as easily as gravel, it practically standardizes grading costs, at the same time affording much needed relief from conditions caused by the labor shortage.—Popular Mechanics Magazine.

World’s Tallest Tree.

The tallest of California’s big trees is 325 feet in height, but among the great gum trees of Australia many specimens are more than 400 feet in height, and one which was felled in southeast Australia measured 471 feet —the tallest tree on record, says Popular Science Monthly. Gum trees grow very rapidly. f

THE RENSSELAER DAILY REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

Simple Remedies That Will Rid the Living Rooms and Offices of All Cockroaches

The nuisance of roaches in offices and living rooms of houses can be reduced, if not removed entirely, by the elimination of all attractive substances, according to the United States Department of Agriculture. Roaches will not frequent rooms unless they find some available food material, and If such materials can be kept from living rooms and offices or scrupulous care exercised to see that no such material is placed In drawers where it can leave an attractive odor or fragments of food, the roach nuisance can be largely restricted to places where food necessarily must be kept. In such places the storage of food material in insect-proof containers or ice boxes, together with thor-ough-going cleanliness, will go a long way toward preventing serious annoyance. Roaches as household pests may be controlled by the use of various poisons, repellents, and fumigants, and by trapping. The more efficient of these remedies are powders, particularly sodium fluorid, a liberal dusting of which about the Infested premises furnishes an efficient means for the elimination of these pests. Also one part powdered borax and three parts finely pulverized chocolate sprinkled freely about infested premises. Cockroaches are the commonest and most offensive of the house pests. Four kinds are often found in houses, offices, etc. These are the American roach, a native insect; the European or Oriental roach, known in England as the black beetle; the Australian roach; and the little German roach, commonly known in this country as the Croton bug.

Germany Has Pledged to Let Both Military and Civilian Prisoners Have Home Help

Through the Spanish ambassador at Berlin arrangements have been made whereby American prisoners in Germany, both civilian and military, will be allowed to receive money from home. They will perhaps not receive actual cash, but will probably be given credit on prison exchanges. A. (1) Sixty marks (about sls at normal exchange rates, but probably considerably less now) may be spent weekly by officers and others* of similar rank; (2) 50 marks weekly (about sl2) by noncommissioned officers and privates. B. Civilian prisoners—(l) Sixty marks weekly “for men of better social positions;” (2) 50 marks weekly for others, The note of the Spanish ambassador says: “With a view to obtaining particular articles the prisoners are allowed at any time to draw on their credit.” All money sent interned civilians or prisoners should be remitted through the Bureau of prisoners* Relief, American Red Cross, Washington, D. C, Remittances should be checks, drafts or postal money orders, made payable to the American Red Cross. That organization will do its best to get the remittances through but cannot guarantee delivery. Thus far It has had pretty good success, and such American prisoners as have already or may hereafter become German prisoners will most certainly need all the help they can get to make their lives bearable.

MARCH OF THE DEFENDERS

Oh, knights of hope and Spring-tide marching, marching, When shall you wear the flowers again, and not the blood-stained thorn? Oh, young and dear, who come to lay the splendor of your life away. We know not what immortal bloom from your brave-dust is born 1 For hark! a sound of marching marching, marching— We hear the thunder of the steps of Michaels’ host in Heaven; The Force which struck the fiery Star that kindled to a lurid bar, And fell as a red meteor when the morning clouds were riven. And they shall come—the gallant dead —to meet us, marching— The souls that made of earth’s dark wars a golden memory. The Maid of France shall ride again, grave captains at her side again, And Nelson’s spirit on the wave shall call to victory. Oh, hosts of light, that strive and die, —oh, great ranks, marching, Still hold aloft the deathless rose, your hope of years to be! Where ruin marked the steps of wrong, again the Spring shall break in song, And valiant lilies, white and red, shall flower from sea to sea. —Marion Couthouy Smith of the Vigilantes.

Capital Punishment.

Five states have abolished capital punishment and have life imprisonment as the penalty for murder, vis: Kansss, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota and Rhode Island. The following states have adopted electrocution as the mode of punishment, viz : Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey. New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania and South Carolina. In the states not named above hanging st 11.' prevails. i

Helping the Meat and Milk Supply

(Special Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture.) ESSENTIALS OF PURE MILK

Even From This Kind of Cow, With This Kind of Milker, in This Kind of Barn, Pure Milk May Be Procured by Simple Cleanliness.

KEEP BACTERIAL COUNT VERY LOW

Main Essentials Are Clean Cows, Sterilized Vessels and SmallTop Pails. TESTS ON ORDINARY FARMS Result of Experiments Indicate It Is Possible for Average Dairyman to Produce Milk of Very Superior Quality. The consumer of milk may sometimes be inclined to feel that its purity is in direct proportion to the cost of the plant and equipment from which it comes. The dairy division of the bureau of animal industry,, United States department of agriculture, has demonstrated that this is not always the fact. Clean milk, with low bacterial count, can be produced in ordinary farm barns, provided a few basic principles are adhered to in each case. How Tests Were Made. In order to demonstrate the practical value of the three essential factors in producing milk of low bacterial count—sterilized utensils, clean cows with clean udders and teats, and smalltop pails—tests were made on six ordinary farms with the voluntary cooperation of the dairymen. Five of the farms sent milk and one sent cream to an experimental creamery operated by the department of agriculture. The dairy bams were ordinary farm barns, scoring on the dairy division score card less than the average bams sos equipment. The plan was to determine first the bacterial content of the fresh milk and cream on the farm under the existing conditions; then to place in operation the three factors previously mentioned and note the results.

For the work small-top pails were lent to the farmers, together with simple steam sterilizers. The method of operating the sterilizer was demonstrated to the farmer, who was then left to operate without further assistance. At each milking the milk was stirred by means of a long sterilized pipette, after which samples were taken from each can and a composite sample placed in ice water and tests made wtthin an hour and a half. For a period of three weeks samples were taken from each farm under the old conditions, and for the three weeks following under conditions in which small-top pails and sterilized utensils were used. Decrease In Bacterial Count On all the farms the bacterial count of the fresh milk showed a very great reduction following the installation of the simple safety method mentioned. The bacterial count of the milk on several of the farms was reduced to 3,000 per cubic centimeter. One of the most striking reductions was on a farm where the average count was reduced from 187,000 to 3,600. The results of these experiments are taken by the department of agriculture to indicate that it is possible for the average dairyman on the average farm, without expensive barns and equipment, to produce milk of a very low bacterial count. These factors, when combined with other simple factors relating to cleanliness in producing and handling, will result in clean, wholesome milk with low bacterial count

Back-Yard Cow.

The milk-goat industry in the United States has not as yet developed to any Important extent The interest shown during the past has come largely from people who were either raised in or it least are familiar with conditions In countries where the milk goat has proved a Success. It requires time to educate people to the value of any new ndustry, especially one that has been greatly handicapped as has been tie case with the milk goat. In Switzerland, Italy, Germany, France, Norway, and Spain milk goats are largely used by families not so situated as to penult keeping a cow. F. 8. Peer,, a well-

known American importer of livf stock, after making an investigation of the industry in Switzerland some years ago, stated that “the goat oi Switzerland is the Swiss peasant’s cow and Swiss baby’s foster mother, a blessing to the sanitariums for inva lids, and a godsend to the poor.” The milk goat is adapted to this country and the industry is likely tc become of greater importance every year. The goat is especially useful to those who desire a small quantity of milk and do not have the room, oi cannot afford, to keep a cow. In fact, a goat can be kept where it would be impossible to keep a cow, and it wiD consume considerable feed that otherwise would be wasted. The fact that goats are rarely affected with tuberculosis is another point in their favor The demand for good goafs appears to be far greater than the supply.

WHAT MAKES MILK SAFE

It is mighty nice to know that you are drinking milk drawn from blue-blooded cows by immaculate milkmen in palatial barns. But, because such is not the case, the milk is not necessarily Inferior. Though the cow be an ordinary grade animal of no particular color or character, the barn ordinary and the milkman clad in blue overalls and “jumper,” Che milk may be just as wholesome. The United States department* of agriculture has shown that keeping the bacterial count of milk low depends upon four things—clean cows, sterilized utensils, small-top pails, a temperature never above 50 degrees Fahr. Therein lies one of the ways of “helping the meat and milk supply.” The thing you are Interested in is that the. milk you use be pure and wholesome. If you can satisfy yourself that your dairyman observes the few essentials of cleanliness, you need not worry about the pedigree of his cows, the architecture of his barn, or the eclat of his milkers.

Pasteurization of Milk.

The pasteurization of milk has been so much thought of as a process performed by elaborate plants that it may not be a matter of common knowledge that such equipment is not necessary. Milk may be pasteurized at home with the very simplest of paraphernalia. Pasteurization consists merely in exposing the milk to a high temperature. All the equipment necessary is a metal pall, a pie pan with some holes punched in the bottom, and a thermometer. The pail is filled to the proper depth with water and the milk, in the bottles in which it is delivered, placed in it, the pie pan having been placed at the bottom to allow free circulation of water under the bottles and to prevent bumping. A hole is punched through the cap of one of the bottles and the thermometer inserted. The pail is then placed on the stove or over a gas burner and heated until the thermometer in the milk shows not less than 145 nor more than 150 degrees Fahrenheit. The bottles are removed from the water and the one with the punctured cap covered with an inverted cup. The thermometer, meanwhile, has been placed In the wa-ter-in the pall and cold water added until the temperature of the water Is between 145 and 150 degrees. The bottles are then replaced in the water, covered with a towel and held thus for from 20 to 30 minutes. The final process is to run cold water into the'pail until the milk Is reduced to the temperature of the tap water. The milk is then pasteurized and should be immediately placed In the refrigerator, preferably with ice packed around the bottles. It must be remembered that pasteurization does not destroy all bacteria and that even pasteurized milk must be kept constantly cold. Where pasteurized milk cannot be purchased and where conditions under which the raw milk is produced are unknown, home pasteurization is recommended by the United States de partment of agriculture. ——

DADDYS EVENING FAIRY TALE

by MARY GRAHAM BONNER

NEW ARRIVALS. “They don’t make the fuss over us they should,” said the rat kangaroo. “I don’t believe they know we’re here,” said the tree kangaroo. o “What is that you are saying?” asked the oldest kangaroo inhabitant. “We’ve only just arrived from Australia which is many, many miles away, and here we are in the Zoo ready to be admired,” said the tree kangaroo. “We admire you,” said the oldest inhabitant, “but we’d like to become better acquainted first.” “We’ve had a most Interesting trip,” said the rat kangaroo. “You should hear about it.” „ "I don’t believe it compares with, our many adventures and stories we could tell,” said the oldest inhabitant. * “Nonsense,” said the tree kangaroo, “we have traveled very far. We are new arrivals and the head keeper of this zoo was delighted to see us.” “He’s a very polite man,” said the oldest inhabitant kangaroo, not wishing to flatter the newcomers. “Why do you say that your adventures are finer and more interesting than ours,” asked the tree kangaroo. "Because we see a great deal of the world too. We don’t walk out to

“I Give You a Cordial Welcome.”

meet the world, but the world comes to our cages to meet us,” the oldest inhabitant said proudly. The rat kangaroo looked at the tree kangaroo and they both rubbed their heads as though to say: “Poor old inhabitant —his brain is a little queer. 6 But while they were thinking this and saying nothing aloud the oldest Inhabitant went on talking. “You see people from all over the world come to see us. There are people who speak different languages and they stand in front and chat about us. Ah, the many languages which have been used in describing our charms!” And the kangaroo who had lived longest in the zoo waved his tail delightedly. “We have seen people from the South, the North, the East and West, and even from the center.” “Whatever do you mean by the center?” asked the tree kangaroo. “I mean here, of course,” said the oldest inhabitant. “I am judging the other directions from where I stand. Here in the zoo the keepers come to see us,‘ and then the outsiders come to gaze and admire as I’ve said before. “You see,” he continued, “it is true, though we don’t travel, we see people who have traveled! And that’s fine. We hear their stories. It’s far greater and more superior to hear of many journeys than it is to know of just one which we have taken ourselves.” The oldest inhabitant certainly did bring out his point, and the tree and rat kangaroo visitors wished they hadn’t boasted quite so much. It’s fine,” he continued, “to be talked of in many languages.” “Soon we will be as lucky as you are,” the tree kangaroo said. The oldest inhabitant smiled. He had made them feel less superior which w T as what he wanted, and now he felt he could satisfy his curiosity and hear about the trip. He had seen to it that they wouldn’t boast by making out his life a far more interesting one. “Who came along on this trip you speak of?’ the oldest Inhabitant asked. “Well,” said the tree kangaroo, “there was the rat kangaroo and then there was myself to begin with.” “That’s right,” .smiled (the oldest inhabitant, “begin with yourselves.” The tree kangaroo felt ashamed once more and began again. “There were two rabbit-eared bandlcots, two rufus-necked wallabies, two Tasmanian black phalangers, four marsupial mice, two water mongooses, two West Australian rat kangaroos—one my friend here —three yellow-footed rock wallabies, twelve snake-necked turtles, six blue-tongued lizards and ten dragon lizards.” The tree kangaroo paused for breath. ’ “ “Any more?” asked the oldest inhabitant, as if he had not been in the least impressed with the number. “That’s all,” said the tree kangaroo, and the rat kangaroo agreed by nodding his head and saying: “That’s all, but when we were all on one seemed like enough.” •‘Well, I give you all a cordial welcome,” said the oldest inhabitant with a low bow!

Height of Hate.

“I hate him,” said Eph Wiley, to a friend the other day, “as one musician hates another.”—Topeka Capital.