Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 133, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 13 June 1918 — Page 2

Make Cottage Cheese

Food That Is Nutritious and Cheaper Than Most Meats in Furnishing Protein

Preparing Homemade Cottage Cheese for the Market.

K a condensary is within reasonable distance the creameryman sometimes can sell his skim milk there. Very few creameries, however, are so Situated, and the largest opportunity for the creameryman to divert skim milk and buttermilk into channels of human consumption is by the manufacture of Cottage cheese, says the United States department of agriculture. This product is easy to make and utilises skim milk and good grades of buttermilk. Cottage cheese is one of the important meat substitutes. It contains a larger percentage of protein (the chief material for body building) than most meats and furnishes this material at a lower cost. In every pound of cottage cheese there is about one-fifth of a pound of protein, nearly all of which is digestible. Meats, on the other hand, ( usually contain less protein and besides have a certain waste, such as bone and other Inedible material. A pound of cottage cheese daily would supply all the protein required by the ordinary adult engaged in a sedentary occupation. The following table shows that cottage cheese is much cheaper than meats in furnishing protein for the diet. For supplying protein, 1 pound of cottage cheese equals: 1.27 pounds sirloin steak. 1.09 pounds round steak. 1.37 pounds chuck rib beef. 1.52 pounds fowl. 1.46 pounds fresh ham. 1.44 pounds smoked hats. 1.58-pounds loin pork chop. *1.31 pounds hind leg of lamb. 1.37 pounds breast of veal.

FEEDING SCRAPS TO THE CHICKENS

By feeding ki/chen scraps to poultry the last bit of waste of human food may be converted into good fresh eggs or meat, as may be desired, says the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Fowls will eat all the leavings that are In edible form. By special preparation some things not adapted to human consumption become valuable feed for poultry. Fresh bones, crushed or ground, are a delicacy for them. They will eat considerable amounts of the parings of all kinds of vegetables if these are given in such form that the birds can swallow them readily. Many poultry keepers save parings, cook them with small potatoes and other waste vegetables, and fed mixed with meals. Not all kitchen waste, however, makes poultry fed. The skins of/ bananas, oranges and lemons are not edible and should not be mixed with scraps that are to be fed to poultry, for. the birds leave such stuff, and as *■ it accumulates it makes the place where the they are fed look slovenly. Coffee grounds, and tea leaves in small quantities are not objectionable, but in large quantities should be disposed of separately. Fat meat in large pieces should not be put with scraps for poultry because a hen can swallow a much larger piece of fat than is good for her. By cutting waste fat in pieces no larger than one would cut for himself at the table, and by making sure that the fat does not exceed 10 per cent of the scraps fed at one time the dangers in feeding it are avoided. The best way to save kitchen waste for poultry is to keep a one-gallon jar, of glazed or -galvanized ware, with a cover in a convenient place, putting into this scraps of bread, cake, and meat from the table, remnants of servings of vegetables, cereals, pies, puddings, etc, and whatever waste from the preparation of meals is suitable to combine with these things in a mash. , Once a day the contents of the jar

In addition to protein, energy for performing body work must be furnished by food. As a source of energy, also, cottage cheese is cheaper than most meats at present prices. The following table shows the comparison when energy is considered. f On the basis of energy supplied, 1 pound of cottage cheese equals: 8 1-3 ounces sirloin steak. 11% ounces round steak. 11% ounces chuck rib beef. 10% ounces fowl. _ 5% ounces fresh ham. 5 ounces smoked ham. 6 ounces loin pork chop. 7 1-3 ounces hind leg of lamb. 12% ounces breast of veal. ~,*A yield of 15 or more pounds of cottage cheese from 100 pounds of skim milk can readily be obtained, or a mixture of two parts skim milk and one of buttermilk will give the same results. The wholesale price on most established markets varies from 4% cents a pound during the early summer to 7 cents during the winter, the 1917 price showing mark&l Increases over former years. When making as much as 800 pounds a day the total cost of manufacture, Including labor, coal, power, water, packing (tubs), and depreciation on equipment, is from 8 to 10 cents a hundred pounds of skim milk. It is quite evident that the creameryman is in position to make his patrons a good business proposition. In most sections he can offer' them a cashmarket for their skim milk at a price at least equivalent to the value obtained from feeding to animals. ?

should be turned into a pail of appropriate sizes and as much ground feedstuff mixed with them as can be stirred in with a strong iron spoon or a .wooden stirring stick. The amount and kinds of ground feeds to be used will depend upon the quantity of water with the scraps and whether any particular article predominates.

Homing Pigeons Cost Less Than Any Other Soldiers In Service of Uncle Sam

Someone has calculated that it costs Uncle Sam about $1,200 to train and equip a soldier and make him ready for the firing line. In the United States army at present, notes the New York Herald, there is one little warrior who costs just 5 cents at the outset and needs only a few cents more a day for upkeep, but who, because of proven efficiency, is now slated for a trip to France and a place in the fighting line. The little soldier was one of the homing pigeon exhibits of the United States government entered at the recent poultry show In Madison Square Garden. It was originally the property of Maj. Frank J. Griffin, who sold It to the government for the nominal price of five cents. Major Griffin is in command of the pigeon section of the army, and because it is not customary or proper for Uncle Sam to compete for prizes, he entered* the bird and had the satisfaction of seeing it carry off the first award in its class and also the blue ribbon for the best young hen homer in the show.

Than the government homers no section of the show attracted more gen-, era.l attention. Officers from the armies of Great Britain and France were especially interested in-the exhibit. and a khaki-clad warrior approached Major Griffin to explain how on one occasion on the western front his life and that of his entire battalion had been saved by nothing more than a little homing pigeon, which had ‘got out with its message telling of the precarious predicament of the soldiers in the front trenches and enabling re-en-forcements to be hurried up just In the nick of time.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. RENSSELAER.. IN~».

HYMN TO THE NIGHT

I heard the trailing garment* of the night Sweep through her marble hall*! I »aw her sable skirts all fringed with light From the celestial walls! I felt her presence, by it* spell of might. Stoop o'er me from above; , * The calm, majestic presence of the night, A* of the one I love. I heard the sounds of sorrow and delight. The manifold, soft chimes. That fill the haunted, chambers of the night, Like some old poet’s rhymes. FYom the cool cisterns of the midnight air My spirit drank repose; The fountain of perpetual peace flows there— From those deep cisterns floes. O holy night! from thee I learn to bear What man has borne before! Thou layest thy finger on the lips of care. And they complain no more. Peace! Peace! Orestes-like I breathe this prayer! Descend with broad-winged flight. The welcome, the thrice-prayed for, ths most fair, The best belowed night. . —Longfellow.

PREVENT FIRE LOSSES

By the U. S. Department of Agriculture

■ Millions of dollars’ worth of agricultural wealth is destroyed by fire each year in the United States. At normal prices and with an average yield it would take the part of the potato crop of the pountry to offset all that is lost annually through fires on farms. This is a dead loss to the nation —for the fact that most individual losers are partially reimbursed by insurance does not in the least reduce the drain on our national resources —and it is a loss that is largely preventable. The problem of fighting or preventing fire in the country districts is a most serious one, for organized fire prevention work such as has been developed to a science in many cities is practically Impossible in the country. Some fires on farms may be unavoidable,«but a great many of them could be prevented by a comparatively small amount of time intelligently applied by the individual farmers in the study of conditions which are likely to cause fire, and by placing simple and inexpensive fire-fighting equipment in convenient places about the farm buildings.

The farmer should study his buildings and their contents from the point of view of the fire inspector of the city, whose sole business is to see all the things that can be done to improve conditions so that fire cannot easily start, and to determine the, best ways of fighting any fires that may start. He should remember that any preventive or protective measures which he may take are for his own benefit, and that protection sufficient to prevent a fire is cheap as compared with the loss entailed by the average farm fire. Every building or set of buildings has certain points which are more susceptible to fires than others, but adequate protection must be provided for the entire premises before the owner can be sure that some weakness due to oversight or neglect will not neutralize the good effect of all the work previously done. Most farmers carry fire insurance on their buildings and contents sufficient partly to repay for any losses that may occur; but this insurance is paid from premiums which are nothing more than a tax collected from the policyholders for this purpose. The loss occasioned by a serious fire is such that very few people can afford to be without fire insurance, but attention of the prevention of fire would result in reducing the number of fires, and, therefore, the rate of premiums necessary to cover the fire losses. This would be felt quickly tn mutual companies which are owned, and managed by the policyholders themselves and in which the premiums are fixed by the actual. losses,

Newest Notes of Science.

< ► A new automobile clock is < ► < * kept wound automatically by ' ► < ► electricity. * ‘‘ Japan is cutting away its for- o < ► ests at a rate of 1,000,000 acres J * a year. o o Oil of citronella will restore J’ < * the color to most shades of tan < ► < brown leather. < , o Less than one-fifth of Spain's o < ► coal mines are officially record- J * o ed as productive. < * <* New* hosiery is made 'ln < * o "rights” and “lefts”, to fit the <► ° feet and ankles more snugly.

1,426,000 Women at Work; Replaced 1,413,000 Men.

An increase of 1,426.000 In the number of women employed since 1914 Is .shown in figures announced by the bureau of labor statistics. The greatest increase was In industries which took In 530,000 more women, but the largest proportionate increase .was 214.000 additional women taken into government service. Women have replaced 1,413,000 men since 1914. Industrial and government work have taken 400,000 women formerly employed in domestic service, or in dressmaking. \

Indelible Ink From Fungus Found Growing in France in Decaying Vegetable Matter

The utilization of a common variety of fungus for the manufacture of ink, now both costly and scarce; has been proposed in France, says the Pathfinder. The ink-yielding fungus which is often found growing in clusters where decaying vegetable matter exists in rich, damp soil is sometimes called the “inkstand” or the “ink bottle” because of the fact that when it decays a black liquid is produced. Its cap’ is elongated and bell-shaped, white ■at first and covered with a shining powder, later turning to gray with small brown scales on its top. A French scientific Journal says that extensive experiments in the production of indelible ink from this fungus were once carried on by French botanists. The fungi are simply placed in a bottle or other container. After standing for a day or two they change to a black pusy mass, which, on being filtered through a folded cloth, yields a deep black or brownish ink, not unlike India ink. The addition of a small quantity of gum arabic and a little of the essence of cloves Is said to improve it and preserve its fluidity. The ink consists of a liquid in which are suspended the minute spores of the fungus. For this,, reason it can be readily identified by means of a microscopic examination. As it is also Indelible It is peculiarly valuable for use in writing of wills and other documents which are sometimes subject to fraudulent alterations.

Mother’s Cook Book

Food habits, like all other habits, are not easily changed. Do not.try too many war-time dishes at once. Use ingenuity in the preparation and serving of new combinations, try to have them look and taste well. x Eat Nuts, Save Meat. Nuts are so wholesome, present such a variety and are so well liked that they should be used more often as a food rather than a delicacy. Sweet Potato and Peanut Croquettes. Mix a cupful of mashed sweet potato with a cupful of finely chopped peanuts. a half a teaspoonful of salt and a dash of pepper, shape into croquettes, roll in fine bread crumbs, and bake in a hot oVen until brown. If the crumbs are well- buttered before using the croquettes will brown quickly. Serve with a white sauce seasoned with two tablespoonfuls of chili sauce. Scalloped Onions and Peanuts. Cook six onions ip boiling salted water until tender. Chop two-thirds of a cupful of freshly roasted peanuts. Melt two tablespoonfuls of fat and add two tablespoonfuls of barley flour; when smooth add a cupful of rich milk, a of salt, a few dashes of paprika. Put a layer of onion, a layer of peanuts, then white sauce in a baking dish, cover with buttered crumbs and bake.

Stuffed Dates With Nuts and Cheese. Steam well-washed dates until soft, remove the pits and fill with cottage cheese mixed with a few finely chopped hickory nut meats. Apples in Maple Sirup With Nuts. Cut eight apples in halves and remove the cores with a spoon, put into a baking pan with a cupful of maple sirup and 1% cupfuls water and two tablespoonfuls of butter, sprinkle with two tablespoonfuls of chopped nuts and bake until the sirup is thick; serve with whipped cream. Apples With Nut Stuffing. Scoop out apples and fill the shell with English walnuts and apple pulp mixed with mayonnaise; place in a circle on a large serving dish and heap whipped cream in the center. Honey Custard. Beat two eggs, add half a teaspoonful of salt, one-third of a cupful of Honey and beat again; add two cupfuls of milk and mix thoroughly. Turn into four earthen cups. Set Into a dish of water and bake until firm in the center. Sprinkle with chopped nuts just before putting into the oven.

Kept Two Mice Busy Whole Year Operating Thread Mill.

A thrifty Scotchman, David Hutton, conceived the idea of using mouse pow’er commercially, relates the Popular Science Monthly. He experimented and found that a mohse wilk run on an average ten and one-half miles a day. One mouse in Mr. Hutton’s collection actually ran 18 miles In one day. The power of a mouse Is not much when compared -to horse power; yet, it is enough to spin cotton thread. The cost of a mouse upkeep is not very high. One mouse was kept in fine working cqndition for 35 days on one-half penny’s worth of oatmeal. During those 35 days that mouse run 862 miles. Mr. Hutpbn built a thread mill for his mice'which was so constructed that the mouse was able to twist and reel from 100 to 220 threads a day. The mouse ran ten and a half miles every other day. Two mice were kept constantly engaged in the spinning of thread for more than a year.

World’s Com Acreage and Distribution

By the U. S. Department of Agriculture

The world’s area annually planted to corn normally averages about 175,00Q,000 acres. Approximately 40,000,000 acres are planted In the eastern hemisphere, where the principal corngrowing areas are southern Europe. Asia, the Mediterranean countries of Africa, and the Union of South Africa. Among the countries of Europe, the greatest acreages are in AustriaHungary, Italy, the Balkan states, and Russia. A much less extensive acreage is grown tn Spain and France. In Asia. British India, Turkey, and southern Asiatic Russia have the most extensive acreages; the crop is grown less extensively in the Philippines. China, and Japan. Practically all of the African acreage Is in Egypt, the Union of South Africa, and Algeria. Australasia contributes comparatively little to the world’s corn acreage. Of the 135.000,000 acres planted to corn in the western hemisphere, 105.000,000, or three-fifths of the total world’s acreage, Is in the United States. Next to the United States, Mexico and Argentina have the greatest acreages. The crop is grown extensively in the smaller countries of South America and of Central America, and less extensively in portions of Canada. Argentina is the leading corn-pro-ducing country of South America. Its annual yield approximately is 250,000,000 bushels. More than half the Argentina crop is exported, so that, considering its production, it does not

Illuminating Gas Is Being Used in England as Motive Power for the Motor Cars

The war has at least served a useful purpose in teaching practical economy. Today we are facing a serious gasoline shortage. In England, according to the Science et la Vie, Illuminating gas is nOw being used extensively as the motive power for motorcars, omnibuses and motorcycles. It is much cheaper than gasoline, and Its use conserves the limited supply of fuel for the motors at the front. Another war Industry has been given birth and already a large number of companies have been organized to manufacture tanks for supplying vehicles with gas. The system is very simple and may be applied to almost any type of motor vehicle. All that Is necessary is a balloon container for the gas, tubing to carry the gas to the motor and certain adjustments in attaching the controls to the carburetor and accelerator pedal. In England the balloon In a box rests on top of the car, where it is held in position by elastic bands, which stretch when the balloon is filled and shrink as it empties. It is made of India rubber tissue like that used in the ordinary balloons of ascension. The tubing from gas bag to carburetor is fitted with a cock which has a triple function. It permits the bag to be charged or emptied or can be turned to the neutral, which permits the gas to flow along to the carburetor. A second cock controls the flow to the carburetor. This is turned off when filling or discharging. Between this cock and the carburetor is the control mechanism attached to the accelerator. This mechanism is so arranged that gas or gasoline may be used as it happens to be convenient, The only difficulty at present in the way of a wholesale substitution of gas power for gasoline lies in the fact that the factories which manufacture balloons are under military control.

Items of Interest

In buying a meat chopper choose one that is easy to clean. A little pine vaseline will remove milldew and stains from leather. Every well-fed child should have one egg a day as part of its diet. Rock salt broken into coarse bits Is a great help in cleansing bottles. Made of a flat steel spring, a quickly adjusted belt has been invented to take the place of strings on kitchen or laboratory aprons.

Using Farm Machinery.

The greater use of farm machinery as a solution of the farin-labor problem is the logical and, indeed, inevitable outcome of the situation brought about by the war. Not only are federal and state authorities urging this course upon farmers, but encourage- , ment in various forms to do so is being held out to the farmers in all parts of the country.—Springflteld Union.

Homemade Meal.

Soy bean meal is on sale in some places, but the housekeeper who wishes to do so can grind soy beans by putting them through a meat chopper several times or by using a coffee mill or other small mill. The meal does not require any preliminary cooking to soften it. Soy hean meal can be used like other common meals to make a . variety of palatable dishes.

rank high as a corn-consuming nation. The smaller countries of South 4 mer ' ica consume about all the corn they produce, for it holds an Important place In the dietary of the native population, especially in Peru, Bolivia and • Ecuador. In Mexico, corn, In one form or another, is the staple article of diet of most of the population. So is the demand, that although in normal times Mexico ranks Second to the United States in acreage and total yield, its production is insufficient for home consumption, and several million bushels are Imported annually from the United States. In a large part of M,exlco corn is the most Important agricultural crop and in some sections two crops a year are grown. Many distinct types having characters, that ’ adapt f»em apparently to certain peculiar environments have developed in Mexico. In the United States corn is grown more widely than any other crop. It is grown to some extent in every state in the Union. The acreage in the United States usually exceeds the combined acreages of wheat, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, and rice. Annual production ranges from 2.500,000,000 to 3,000,000,000 bushels, or slightly exceeding the combined yields of the cereals just mentioned. The value is far in excess of any other crop. With the possible exception of cotton, corn is the most important and irreplaceable crop in the agriculture of this country.

THE FUNNY SIDE.

The Class.

Chronic Disconsolation. “What do you think of this daylightsaving movement?” “It won’t do any good,” replied th* weary commuter. “It’ll get me up earlier in the monjlng, but they’ve fixed it so that I’ll miss my train the same as usual.” Subterfuge.

“Bligglns sits out in a boat by j the hour and fishes.” “He isn’t really fishing. He’s only dodging regular work.”

Human Discontent. “Suppose hens actually laid highly colored Easter eggsA “We wouldn’t be satisfied,” replied Mr. Growcher. “We’d try to improve their’ appearance by whitewashing ’em.” Ite Advantages. Downright Dick—Faint heart ne’er won fair lady. Sly Cyril—No, but it gets you a drink in a dry town. It's Cheaper Now. "The cook burnt the steak again,” exclaimed the experienced housewife. “Dear me!” said young Mrs. Newlywed. “Wouldn’t ordinary coal have been a little cheaper these flays?”

Boys Can Help Country by Gardening, Raising Poultry, Pigs, and Conserving Food

How every American boy, although separated by the Atlantic ocean from the actual theater of war against autocracy, can play his part in upholding American ideals, Is pointed out by Secretary of Agriculture Houston in a message addressed to the Boy Scouts of America. The Secretary pledges to the boys the hearty co-operation of the federal and state agricultural agencies. Secretary Houston’s statement follows : "The splendid army of Boy Scouts of America can be of very great help to the nation in this time of world need. The war can be won only if we deliver the men, the ships, and the food in sufficient number and quantities to make our war program effective. You as a boy scouts can greatly aid by growing home vegetable gardens, raising pigs and poultry, conserving food by canning and drying for home use and in many other ways open to you. “Will you not help your county again this year even in a bigger and a better way than you did during the summer of 1917? Your task will be to ‘beat your'own record' in food production and conservation. May your motto for 1918 be ‘every scout to feed a soldier and one other? “I desire to extend to you the hearty good will and co-operation of the officials of the United States department of agriculture, also that of the cooperative club leaders of boys’ and girls’ extension work at the agricultural colleges, who will be glad to assist you in your work."

“I have a fine setter I have just bought.” “What Is it— Gordon, English or Irish?" “None of the three; Plymouth Rock.”