Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 130, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 10 June 1918 — Page 2

A Bird in the Hand

(Special T»farm»Hoa Service, United States Department of Agriculture.) POWDERS AND SPRAYS THAT KILL LICE AND MITES

Sulphur or Pyrethrum Powder Dusted On Is Effective Against Lice—Sodium Fluorid, a New Remedy, Will Kill All Lice on Fowls.

FIGHT PESTS OF CHICKEN FLOCKS

Mites Must Be Combated With Sprays of Insecticides in Poultry Houses. DUSTER FOR UCE TREATMENT Powdered Sulphur Is Best to Use for Eradication of Llce^—High Efficiency of Sodium Fluorid of Recent Discovery. R p? - —— Fowls are infested by two kinds of body parasites —lice and mites. Lice live continuously upon the birds. The common mite feeds upon "them on the roosts at night, and after feeding secretes itself in the cracks and crevices about the roosts. There are many different kinds of poultry lice. Those most common on, fowls are the body louse, yellowish in I color and about one-tenth of an inch in length, Which remains on the skin of the fowl; the shaft louse, somewhat smaller and very pale in color, which is usually seen on the shafts of the feathers; and the head louse —a large gray species which is most frequently observed on the heads of young chickens. Lice are not usually very abundant on healthy fowls which are kept under " sanitary conditions and provided with dust baths. They multiply rapidly upon birds of low vitality and sluggish temperament, and are quickly distributed through flocks upon promises • where attention to cleanliness is indifferent For novices in poultry keeping, and with small flocks generally, it is advisable to make sure that the flock is free from lice by giving the birds individual treatment which will secure that result. The most universally procurable article for this purpose is powdered sulphur. The method of applying this is to hold the bird by the feet —head down —and dust the sulphur freely into the feathers, using either a small insect powder gun, or a can with a perforated cover. Pyrethrum may be used in the same way. Neither of these remedies will thoroughly and permanently rid poultry of lice. When they are used treatment must be repeated at more or less frequent Intervals, as may appear necessary. By using commercial sodium fluorid in the fdrm of powder, or as a dip, all species of poultry lice may be destroyed at one application. As the high efficiency of sodium fluorid in destroying lice on poultry is of recent discovery the material is not ordinarily found in all drug stores. With a demand for it, however, local druggists will secure supplies. Poultry keepers who desire to thoroughly eradicate lice from their flocks should wtite the United States department of agriculture, Washington, D. C., for Farmers’ Bulletin 801, which gives, with full details of the use of sodium fluorid, complete Information on the control of mites and Mce. Mita Is Very Small. The common chicken mite is a very small gray Insect which, when it has Ailed Itself with blood, becomes bright red. hence, the name “red rifte” by which it Is often called. It may be discovered, if present, by looking on the under sides of the roosts and nest supports, and in the wall crevices near r them. Where the mites are very abundant they may be found in large masses In such places. They also fre-

quent the nests of sitting hens. With reasonable attention to the cleanliness of poultry houses, mites are not likely to be troublesome except in warm weather. - > Treatment for mites consists in applications of liquid insecticides or disinfectants to them and to the places where they harbor, repeating the applications at intervals of about a week until all are destroyed. Any of the petroleum products commonly used for disinfectant purposes will be found effective for the destruction of mites.

ON EVERY FARM—100 HENS.

* There should be 100 hens on every farm in the United States, declares a recent publication from the office of the secretary of agriculture, circular 107. And we should obtain 100 eggs from every hen. With approximately 600,000,000 hens and 60,000,000,000 eggs per year, according to the calculations of the writers, who then add thlat that number of eggs constitutes a military resource not to be ignored. One hundred hens on every farm is not a particularly big contract. There is hardly a farm in the United States but could support that number of hens practically on its waste materials afed without materially added cost. One hundred hens to a farm is considerably less than the average number of hens to a farm in many of the better poultry producing sections of the country. It is an average that could easily be maintained in the sections of the country where the average per farm is now lower. One hundred eggs from every hen, while far below what could be obtained with proper encouragement of fowls, is considerably more than the average egg production the country over. Suggestions for attaining this average are given in the publication mentioned.

When Chickens Are Best.

Chickens, in any general scheme of poultry production, of course, must take first place. They are best adapted to general conditions, take a wider range of feeds and convert them, perhaps, with the greatest margin of profit. Chickens, better than any other class of poultry, utilize table scraps and the general run of waste from the kitchen door, all the way froip apple and potato parings to sour milk. Chickens far surpass all other kinds of poultry in salvaging waste grain from the stables, from the shed or lot where the cattle are fed, and from hog pens. During the winter months, on farms where any considerable number of live stock are kept, the hens would take their living from these sources with only slight additional feeding from time to jtlme. Chickens are great destroyers <fi y 4nsects.

Making Food From Waste.

Keep this thought in mind in considering the growing of more poultry as a war necessity: Poultry is a means of converting into good food materials that cannot be utilized by man. that cannot be eaten by any other kinds of stock, and that without the poultry would be,absolute waste. Very clearly it bechnes a national as well as an individual duty to keep enough poultry to rake up all such waste materials. As long as fowls take the bulk of their feed from such sources and require to be fed on grain or other garnered feeds only as a finishing process, additional food is being created.

THE EVENING REPTTBI.TCAN. RENSSELAER. TNP.

UNLIKE OLD TIMES

Town Meetings Not Just as They Used to Be. V -r Possibly It Is an Improvement, but Reminiscent Citizen Seemed to Speak With a Certain Tinge of Regret. "How did town meeting go this year?” inquired Capt. Dudley Pattershall, just home from a voyage snd coming to headquarters for information of what had happened of interest while he had been away. “W-a-a-a-a-1, Cap’n,” began Grindle the storekeeper, “th’ annual meeting of the legal voters o’ this town, to meet an’ act upon certain articles to-wit, namely, ain’t nothin’ what it used to be. Times Is changed wpnderfully, 'specially since the war broke out. “Town meet’n’ nowadays is gettin’ to be as decorious as th’ Bible class which meets in th’ small vestry directly after pre,achin’ services, to which all adults are invited. “They ain’t no winders broke, nor no stove tipped over, nor the mod’rator don’t have to suspend consideration of article 21 while he goes down on th’ floor an’ impresses some cit-zen as to proper parl’mentary procedure by bangin’ him over th’ head with a caulkin’ mallet, used in more peaceful moments as a gavel.” “Yes, I see it done,” put in Captain Pattershall with a chuckle. “It used to take an able man to do the modratin’.”

.“They was times,” continued Grindle, “when a woman couldn’t go by on ’tother side of the street from the town hall without stickin’ both fingers in her ears, but this year there was a row of ’em linin’ th’ gallery an’ all listenin’, an’ lookin’ on an’ knlttin’. We’ve got a woman on the school board —think o’ that! “Th’ battle of Umpteddiddy wan’t nothin’ to some of th’ vi’lent collisions between the Boshkelovis from the upper end o’ th’ valley an’ the clammers from down on th’ cape—but they ain’t nothin’ like that now. Th’ hatchit is buried in a carefully marked spot. “An* what do you think, cap’n, they opened up th’ meetin’ with prayer, an’ a slick prayer it was, at that. Elder Bates o’ the Baptis’ church, he prayed fer ‘Pirut’ Pollard, th’ mod’rator —that he might preside over th’ dellb-rations with-wisdom an’ jedgment. It ain’t on record that ol’ Pollard was ever prayed for that way. Th’ elder prayed for ’most everybody an’ everything an’ then for who or what he might have left out.” “Well, wasn’t it a better town meeting than the old-fashioned kind?” inquired Cap’n Pattershall. “W-a-a-a-a-1, I s’pose it was, in speakin’ o’ results an’ good bizness proceedin’s; but there seemed t’ be somethin’ lackin’ —this war has upset many old an’ time-honored institootions, somehow.” —Boston Globe.

Two Brave Marines.

On the first day of February, 1918, there was an explosion in a seaplane hangar on an aviation field near Washington. The explosion started a fire which set ablaze the clothing of a chief petty officer of the navy. The death of the petty officer and the destruction of the costly hangar were imminent. Privates William R. Lawton and Raymond J. Burnap, United States marines from the Washington navy yard, were on duty nearby. Arming themselves with fire extinguishers, they dashed to the. rescue. The life of the petty officer was saved and the destruction of the hangar prevented. Secretary Daniels wrote a personal letter to each of the marines, commending him for his coolness and presence of mind in the face of sydden danger. Private Lawton enlisted in the marine corps on August 4, 1914, at Norfolk, Va. Private Burnap joined the soldiers of the sea at Philadelphia on July 21, 1917.

Telephones in Canada.

A most remarkable increase is evidenced in the use of the telephone in Canada during the past five years, according to a report recently laid upon the table of the house of commons. The number of telephones in use throughout the Dominion in 1912 was 370,884, in 1917 the number had grown to 604,136. The number of telephone companies operating in 1912 was 683, and five years later there were 1,659 companies in operation. A total of 889,572 miles of wire was in use during the year 1912. In 1917 the wire mileage was 1,708,202. The capitalization of telephone companies also shows a great Increase in the five-year period. In 1912 it was $42,278,851, while in June, 1917, it was $79,121,702.. The revenue during the same period had grown approximately $8,000,000. The number of persons for each telephone in the Dominion in 1912, was 19.3 and in 1917, 13.4.

Cautious Galveston.

Many persons remember the destruction of Galveston by a West Indian hurricane which blew so hard it forced the sea up into streets of the city and thousands of lives were lost. As a protection against a similar disaster, the city built a great sea wall. This year it has begun nearly two miles more of sea wall which will take near? ly two vears to complete and which will cost $2,000,00. After the great storm of 1900, the citizens raised the site of the city feet by pumping millions of tons of sand from the gulf. Galveston has taxed itself for all these (Colossal improvements. —Exchange.

HARD TO TRANSLATE BIBLE

Considerable Amount of Ingenuity Required to Make Words Fit Savage Knowledge. How much do you supopse an Eskimo- knows about an olive? Or a Hottentot about cherubim? Or a cannibal about the Holy Ghost? That’s why the men and women who translate the Bible into pagan languages have to use a greater amount of ingenuity and Imagination than anything else, observes a writer in the World Outlook. It must have been a very pleasant person who finally suggested to the mingled relief and amusement of the tired workers, that “the lamb of God” might just as well be translated “the little seal of God,” in the Eskimo Bible. Eskimo children have the same tenderness toward the funny little things with their mournful eyes and soft fur that other children have toward baby sheep. The Eskimo Bible was one of the most difficult to translate, and has just been finished after 250 years of work. Of course, to a half frozen, fur-clad people, - living in igloos—or is it Jharpoons?—and surrounded by polar bears and walruses, it is next to impossible to translate the story of the bright colored, sun-drenched holy land. The language of a northern people is necessarily lacking in dozens of words and phrases, and, too often, even ideas.

But Bible translating is like Greek grammar—there’s an exception to every rule. The Zulus live in a country as warm and tropical as the holy land on the pleasantest of days, but the . Zulu Bible has offered about as many difficulties as any respectable task has a right to offer. In the first place, the earliest translation was made by more than thirty people working Independently. Despite its inaccuracy and inconsistency it was extremely popular among the natives; it even shaped Zulu thought so completely that every paragraph of the Zulu newspaper teems with Bible vocabulary. But it was inaccurate. Many of the mistakes were, of course, extremely amusing. The translators found to their surprise that instead of crossing the Red sea and the Jordan dry shod, the children of Israel went over thirsty. And a literal translation of the promise that enemies should melt away before them, was discovered to mean in Zulu idiom th ' their enemies should be as happy as men full of beer. In 1901 a new translation was begun. There was still many difficulties. How were the translators, for instance, to describe as -in Isaiah 3, 18-24, the entire wardrobe of a Jewess at the height of the nation’s civilization to the Zulu debutante who in the heaviest winter season wears little more than a string of scarlet beads?

On the Channel Patrol.

“The weather round about here has been too damnable for words lately, and life on a patrol boat has been no cinch. Came down harbor yesterday in a regular blizzard —could barely see fifty yards ahead at times, about three inches of snow all over the ship—freezing like the devil. There’s an infernal no’westernly wind blowing, and this packet rolls about like a sick-head-ache. It’s no joke monkeying about in a tiny craft of this size, hunting, ‘tin fishes.’ In daylight it’s bad enough, but at night it’s extremely dangerous, as one can’t see the seas and one’s liable to half swamp one’s self In turning. And as far as any comfort below goes, there isn't any. Everything is dampand cold, and the steward loses the greater part of your food in bringing it to you, and what you finally receive is a cold unpalatable mess. Yet by Heaven! it’s something to be out here having a chance to bag a bally German swine.” —Atlantic Magazine.

Learn Something Every Day.

In their antipathy to England and to everything English, or supposedly English, the Germans have apparently undertaken to eliminate from the spoken and written Teutonic language of the day all words of known or suspected English origin. There comes at first hand this episode reported by Prof. F. Sefton Delmer, who was instructor of English in the University of Berlin when the war broke out and who, from that time until May 23 of this year was either a civil or an interned prisoner. Wishing to make him uncomfortable at a police station one day a portierfrau, who knew his nationality, rebuked her departing companion for using the word adieu. “Ach was,” she called after her, “adieu sagt man nicht mehr. Das Ist Engllsch.”

Kit Rations for Officers.

Those German demigods, the officers of the army, are now on clothing rations like ordinary mortals. They will henceforth only be able to secure new uniforms on clothing cards. The new regulation prescribes just how extensive a wardrobe an officer may have, and he will not be permitted to array himself in excess of its limitations. The only special concession to officers is that they are not required, as civilians are, to declare how much clothing they already possess.

Light Work.

“Mrs. Griddles promised a tramp a good breakfast if he would cut a little wood.” “Welir “So the fellow consumed eight or ten biscuits, tam and eggs, some potatoes and two cupfuls of coffee.” “And then did he cut a little wood” “Yes. He whittled himself a toothpick ai .d said. ‘Good morning.’ *

The Housewife and the War

(Special Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture.) AN ICELESS REFRIGERATOR FOR SUMMERDAYS

Wooden Frame Covered With Screen Wire and Canton Flannel or-Burlap Makes This Refrigerator—(Left) Framework; (Right) Completed Convenience.

DEVICE TO KEEP FOOD IN SUMMER

Evaporation of Water From Cloth Cover Is Cooling Principle of Refrigerator. COOLER FOR DRINKING WATER Temperature of 50 Degrees F. Possible Under Ideal Conditions—Place for Meats, Fruits, Vegetables, Milk and Butter. Where ice is not obtainable an iceless refrigerator, home-made, will be a useful food keeper and food saver this summer. Maintaining a low temperature through the evaporation of water from its canvas cover, the iceless refrigerator will keep meats, fruits and vegetables cool and will extend the period for keeping milk and butter. It can also serve, as a cooler for drinking water. Separate Refrigerators. In homes where large quantities of milk and butter are to be kept it would be well to have one refrigerator for* milk and butter and another for other foods, as milk and butter readily absorb odors from other foods. It costs very little to build the refrigerator and nothing to operate it. The operation is as simple as the construction. The upper pan should be kept filled with water. The water is. drawn by capillary attraction through the wicks and I saturates the cover. As evaporation takes place heat is taken from the inside of the refrigerator, thereby lowering the temperature of the Inside and the contents. Capillary action starts more readily if the cover is first dampened by dipping it in water or throwing water upon it. The greater the rate of evaporatidh the lower the temperature which can be secured; therefore the refrigerator works best when rapid evaporation takes place. % Evaporation Is Rapid.

When the refrigerator Is placed In a shady place In a strong breeze and the air is warm and dry, evaporation takes place continuously and rapidly and the temperature Inside the refrigerator is reduced. Under ideal conditions the temperature has been known to be reduced to 50 degrees Fah/enheit. When it is damp, and the air is full of moisture, the refrigerator will not work as well, since there is not enough evaporation. More water will find its way to the lower pan, but It will be drawn up into the covering by capillary attraction when the air again becomes drier. The refrigerator should be regularly cleaned and sunned. If the framework, shelves ahd pans are white enameled they can more easily be kept in a sanitary condition. It Is well to have two covers, so that a fresh one can be used each week and the soiled oiie Washed and sunned.

Some Fireless Specialties.

Here are some things that enn be cooked well In the tireless cooker: Cereals —Prepare as for the stove, but use one-sixth less water. Boil for ten minutes, or longer with coarser cereals. Place in the cooker boiling hot and leave six or eight hours or over night. Meats —Buy cheaper cuts. The fireless can make tough meat tender. Creole Stew. 1 pound lean beef or U cupful rice. 1 medium fowl. 14 cupful chopped on--2 cupfuls tomatoes. ion 1 cupful carrn*«» or 1 tablespoonrul rat. ofc-ra rut small. 1 teaspoonful salt. 1 cupful chopped sweet peppe-s. Cut the meat in small pieces or cut the fowl into joints. Melt the fat, add the onions, peppers, meat or chicken.

Brown for a few minutes. Put in cooking vessel with seasoning, rice, vegetables and one cupful boiling water. Simmer for one-half hour and put in fireless for three hours without the disks or two hours with /them. With chicken and okra this is the famous creole chicken of the South. Roasts —Sear the roast, season, place in the cooking vessel between two hot disks. Do not add water. Allow 25 minutes per pound. Soup stock—Cut up meat, crack, bones, and cover with cold water. Let it reach the boiling point, then place in cooker for several hours. Dried fruits and vegetables—Peas, beans, corn, dried fruit —soak in water until restored to the original size. Boil a few minutes and then keep in cooker six to twelve hours. Baked beans or peas are' especially good cooked in the fireless. For rhore recipes send to the department of agriculture for Farmers’ Bulletin 771, “Home-Made Fireless Cookers and Their Use.”

HOW TO CONSTRUCT AN ICELESS REFRIGERATOR

' A wooden frame is made with dimensldhs 4$ by 16 by 14 inches and covered with screen wire, preferably the rustless type, which costs little more than the ordinary kind. The door is made to fit closely and is mounted on brass hinges, and can be fastened with a wooden latch. The bottom is fitted solid, but the top’should be covered with screen wire. Adjustable shelves can be made of solid wood or strips Or sheets of galvanized metal. Shelves made of poultry netting z on light wooden frames, as shown in the lllus- . tration, are probably the most desirable. These shelves rest on side braces placed at desired intervals. A bread baking pah. 14 by 16 Inches, is placed on the top and the frame rests in a 17 by 18-inch pan. All the woodwork, the shelves and the pans should receive two coats of white paint and one or two coats of white enamel. This makes a very attractive surface and onethat can be easily kept \lean. The screen wire also may receive the coat of enamel, which will prevent It from rusting. A cover of canton flannel, burlap or duck Is made to fit the frame. Put the smooth side out If canton flannel is used. It will require about three yards of material. This cover is buttoned around the top of the frame and down the sidfe on which the door ' is not hinged, using buggy hooks and eyes- or large-headed tacks and eyelets worked in thq material. On the front side arrange the hooks on the top of the door, instead of on the frame, and also fasten the cover down the latch side of the door, allowing a wide hem of the material to overlap the place where the door closes. The door can then be without unbuttoning, the cover. The bottom of the cover should extend down into the lower pan. Four double strips, which taper to 8 or 10 ipches in width, nro sewed to the upper part of the cover. These strips form wicks that dip over into the upper pan. The dimensions given make a refrigerator of very convenient .size for household use and one with efficient evaporating surface, but it is not necessary to follow strictly these dimensions. If a larger capqcity is desired, the height of the refrigerator can be increased.

Never buy large cfuantities of spices at a time —they spoil.