Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 63, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 23 March 1918 — Page 2

Uncle Sam’s Food Lessons

(Special Information Service U. a Department of Agriculture.) A WHOLE DINNER IN ONE-DISH. Everybody Will Like the One-Dlah Dinner. A dish hot and savory—good for work or play—that is. why the father •nd the children will like it. Easy to cook and serve —that is one reason why you will like it. Only one dish to cook, few plates to wash, steps saved. Good, nourishing food —you can feel sure that you are feeding your family right if you give them this flinner. R contains all their bodies need to help them work and grow strong. This dinner helps you do your part for your country. You can save wheat and meat to ship abroad. Our soldiers and the allies need them more than we do. Try These One-Dish Dinners. Each of these dinners contains sufficient for a family of five. Fish Chowder. Rabbit, fowl, or any meat may be used instead of the fish, or tomatoes Instead of milk. Carrots may be omitted. * One and one-half pounds fish (fresh, ■alt, or canned). Nine potatoes, peeled and cut in small pieces. One onion, sliced. Two cups carrots cut in One-fourth pound salt pork. Three cups milk. Pepper. Three tablespoonfuls flour. Cut pork in small pieces and fry with the chopped onion for five minutes. Put pork, onions, carrots, and potatoes in kettle and cover with boiling water. Cook until vegetables are tender. Mix three tablespoonfuls of flour with one-half cupful of the cold milk and stir in the liquid in the pot to thicken. Add the rest of the milk and until vegetables are tender. Mix three tablespoonfuls of flour wlth-half cupful of the cold milk and stir in the liquid In the pot to thicken. All the rest of the fish, which has been removed from the bone and cut in small pieces. Cook until the fish is tender, about ten minutes. Serve hot. You _can omit salt pork and use a tablespoon of other fat. Dried Peas With Rice and Tomatoes. One and one-half cupfuls rice. Two cupfuls dried peas. Six onions. One tablespoonful salt. One-fourth teaspoonful pepper. Two cupfuls tomato (fresh or canned). Soak peas overnight in two quarts of water. Cook until tender in water in which they soaked. Add rice, onions, tomato and seasonings and cook 20 minutes. Potted Hominy and Beef. Hominy is excellent to use as part of a one-dish dinner, if you have a fire in your stove so that you can cook it for a long time, or use a fireless cooker. Heat one and one-half quarts of water to boiling; add one teaspoonful of salt and two cupfuls of hominy which has been soaked overnight. Cook In a double boiler for four hours or in the fireless cookpr overnight. This makes five cupfuls. This recipe may be increased and enough cooked in different ways for several meals. Hominy is excellent combined with dried, canned, or fresh fish, or meat and vegetable left-overs may be used. Here is ofie combination: Five cupful? cooked hominy. Four potatoes. Two cupfuls carrots. One teaspoonful salt. r ~ One-fourth pound dried beet Two cupfuls milk. Two tablespoonfuls fat Two tablespoonfuls flour. * Melt the fat, stir in the flour, add the cold milk, and mix well. Cook until it thickens. Cut the potatoes and carrots in dice, mix all the materials in a baking dish, and bake for one hour. These dishes supply all five kinds of food. Each is enough for the whole dinner for a family of five. Eat them with bread and with fruit or jam for dessert Then you will have all the five kinds of food your body_ needs. These five kinds are shown on the next page. The Five Food Groups. 1. Vegetables or fruits. 2. Milk, or cheese, or eggs, or fish, or meat, or beans. 3. Cereal: Com, rice, oats, rye, or wheat 4. Sirup or sugar. 5. Fat: Such as drippings, oleomas-, garine, oil, butter. Choose something from each of these five groups every day. More One-Dish Meals. There are some more recipes for dishes of this kind in other United States food leaflets. “Instead of Meat” (leaflet No. 8) tells what foods are good to use when you don’t buy meat, and how to make some meatless one-dish meals. “Make a Little Meat Go a Long Way" (leaflet No. 5) will help you to cut down yotfr meat bills. The savory stews and meat pies show how you can give your family a good one-dish meal by using a little meat in various combinations. You can make up other recipes for yourself by combining foods from most of the five groups. Pass them on to your neighbor.

DO YOU KNOW OATMEAL?

Of course, you know it is a good breakfast food, but it is even better fixed up for dinner or supper. It

Excellent puddings. - Wholesome bread and cookies. Ap appetizing soup for a cold day. Baked dinner dish- In place of meat To cook oatmeal, stir slowly two and one-half cupfuls of rolled oats into five cupfuls of boiling water which has In it two and one-half teaspoonfuls of salt. Cook for one hour or over night in a double boiler or fireless cooker. This will serve five people. If you want it for two meals, cook twice the amount to save time and fuel. Delicious Oatmeal Puddings. Do you know that oatmeal makes delicious puddings and other good things? Try one when you have a light dinner or supper. Oatmeal Betty. Two cupfuls oatmeal. Four apples cut up small. One-half cupful raisins. One-half cupful sugar. One-fourth teaspoonful cinnamon. Mix and bake for one-half hour. Serve hot or cold. Any dried/or fresh fruits, dates, or ground peanuts may be used instead of apples. Either will serve five people. Scotch Soup. With bread and dessert it is enough for lunch or supper. Two and one-half quarts water, one and one-quarter cupfuls rolled oats. Five potatoes cut in small pieces. Two onions, sliced, two tablespoonfuls flour. Two tablespoonfuls fat. Boil the water and add the oatmeal, potato, and onion, one-half tablespoonful of salt and one-half teaspoonful pepper. Cook for one-half hour. Brown the flour with the fat and add to the soup. Cook until thick. One cupful of tomato adds to the flavor. Serves five people. Oatmeal Bread is delicious with all meals —try it. One cupful milk or water, one tea■spoonful salt. Two and one-half cupfuls wheat flour. One cupful rolled oats.

Scald the liquid, add salt and pour over the oats, cool half an hour, add the yeast mixed with one-quarter cupful lukewarm water, and the flour. Knead and let rise until double the size. Knead again and let rise in the pan until the size is doubled. Bake in a moderate oven for 50 minutes. Makes one loaf weighing one and one-quarter pounds. Spiced Oatmeal Cakes. The whole family will like these, and they are easily made. One and one-half cupfuls flour. One-half cupful cooked oatmeal, onequarter cupful sugar. One-quarter cupful raisins, onequarter teaspoonful soda. One-half teaspoonful baking powder. One-half teaspoonful cinnamon. Three tablespoonfuls fat, one-quar-ter cupful molasses. t Heat the molasses and fat to boiling. Mix with all the other materials. Bake in muffin pans for 30 minutes. This makes 12 cakes. Especially crisp and good as well as cheap are: Scotch Oat Crackers. * Two cupfuls rolled oats. One-quarter cupful milk, one-quarter cupful molasses. One and one-half tablespoonfuls fat One-quarter teaspoonful soda. One teaspoonful salt. Grind or crush the oats and mix with the other materials. Roll out in a thin sheet and cut in squares. Bake for 20 minutes in a moderate oven. Makes three dozen Instead of meat, cook this appetizing dish for your family: Baked Oatmeal and Nuts. Two cupfuls cooked oatmeal. One cupful crushed peanuts. One-half cupful milk. One teaspoonful vinegar. One-quarter teaspoonful pepper. Two and one-half teaspoonfuls salt. Mix together and bake in a greased pan 15 minutes. This Is enough for five people. Oatmeal is a good, inexpensive, nutritious food.

Making Excuses.

He Is only a bum. He has been a member of the down-and-out club for years. He began by’making excuses. And he is making excuses still for his parasitism on society. If the world had given him a chance as it has given other men, he declares, he would have accomplished things. But the world has never given him a chance, and he sees no prospect now for a future of any consequence. This excuse he offers, despite the fact that the country Is calling for men and women as never before in its history. Few men appreciate the harm that comes to their careers from making excuses. They are wont to attribute their failure to hard luck. Luck at times breaks against men and their undertakings. But if those who have failed will look back honestly into their careers, they will see that they themselves are to blame for their failures. The excuses they offer are mere salves to their own egotism and lack of perseverance. ,

“Father of Fishes.”

Probably the most famous of our fish cUlturists—by reason of his long service and remarkable success—was Seth Green, familiarly known as the “Father of Fishes.” His experiments began in 1864, and he discovered the so-called “dry method" of impregnation so extensively used in later-day practical trout culture. His early work was done in the Caledonia creek hatchery. The artificial propagation of shad in the Connecticut river was successfully attempted by Seth Green in 1887. —W. W. Wood, in the American Angler.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER. TNI).

WOMEN ARE POWER in NEW RUSSIA

By LIEUTENANT NORTON C. TRAVIS

In Philadelphia Public Ledger. USSIA’S women, alone, stand today •ww shoulder to shoulder with men. They occupy, Indeed, a place higher than that of men of their own nation, for the spotlight of the world is turned upon them. In the scales of blind Justice, where are balanced autocracy or democracy for Russia, it is the Russian woman who turns the balance for JeT freedom. , k Russian women soldiers, virtually ■■■■■■ untrained and unofficered, drove back the Germans in their first’ trial of fire. For eighteen days I was quartered in the first \ line of trenches with 2,500 of these Russian women warriors. I studied them at close quarters —there are no more intrepid soldiers in all this world than were those women of a "divided and bewildered nation. The Battalion of Death is no more. They were wiped oufeJty German shells and German bayonets, and only lour wounded survivors remain of 200 who fought through hell fire to shame the men of Russia into a sense of patriotic duty. To lack of training and of officers is ascribed the annihilation of this first battalion of women warriors in the modern world. They failed in their object—|he stimulating of compatriots to defense of their country. That free Russia fears the power of women is indicated by the fact that those who were connected with the imperial circle of the former court are confined in the prison of Peter and Paul, guarded by barriers of water as well as by walls of stone, while minor offenders have been banished from Petrograd. < The Russian woman warrior is the product of outdoor life and simple, wholesome food. In the ranks one finds the majority of soldiers from the upper class of Russian society, and by their sides are serfs and peasants accustomed to working in the fields of Siberia and Russia with the men of their households. Ladies of Russia are noted for their proficiency in outdoor games and sports; they are great walkers, skaters, horseback riders 'and devotees to sledding, games that require vigor and furnish excitement, and to their summer and winter carnivals and pageants, which occur several times a year. At these times it is their pleasure to indulge in native folk dances, and dancing on the ice is a pastime to which they are devoted, and to which, I believe, they owe much of their muscular development and rapidity and ease of action. The life of the Russian woman has bred her to war’s service; she does not care for afternoon teas or any form of indoor amusement during the daytime. Instead you will find her engaged in active sports on the frozen Neva, beside the trolley tracks that link Icebound towns in a chain of gay activity, even more bustling than when boats ply the river in summer and fetch and carry between Russia’s capital and the Neva’s outlying villages. And now you will 'find women at the switches along the shining miles of ice-floored single track of the Neva’s winter trolley lines. In singular contrast to the sturdy, muscular build of Russian women, stocky of form and short of stature, are Russian men of the upper class, who, yvhen they acquire refinement and high-breeding, seem, also, to become weak and effeminate. Not only in trench work, but in the ordinary avocations of men one now finds Russian women. Street-car conductors and motorwomen handle the traffic with efficiency. Conductors call nut the streets, and from the second belt on the man’s coat that tops their blue skirts, they draw checks of varying colors and hand them out in receipt of fares. These colors represent from one to five fares, and also indicate the distance a passenger expects to travel. One fare now costs fifteen kopecks, or two and a half cents. Under ordinary conditions fifteen kopecks were worth five cents. But two and a half cents is a lot of money in Russia today. On the other hand, while women fill places on railroads and street cars, there are still to be found many men driving motortrucks. Another avocation of women is the driving of draskeys —Russian dumpcarts —a flat, two-wheeled wagon drawn by one <?r two horses. In the lattler case one horse is always harnessed outside the shafts, leaving the burden to be borne by the animal inside of theih. This peculiar method of harnessing is even cay* ried out in ambulances at the front, and a woiinded man transported in this fashion usually has the life bounced out of him on his way to the hosp ta . Sometimes, Indeed, such makeshift ambulances are drawn by men, for life Is accounted so cheap in Russia that the Russian will not use horses when men can serve the purpose of draft animals. Not only men, but women, take the place of horses. They often draw their field kitchens about, and bivouac to cook their good bread, made of wheat and rye flour; their soup, horse meat and vegetables. Russian horse meat Is not half bad, and that Is their principal army meat. Horses are plentiful, b>it very small, and they do not furnish much beef, so that numbers are slaughtered to

obtain a sufficient supply. I should judge, that Russian ponyskin coats, which have often been so popular in America, ought to be cheaper than ever this season if there has been any way of curing and transporting the skins of these glossycoated animals of the steppes. Women’s army kitchens are adequately supplied with horse meat, _ and from ladies of rank to serfs the women soldiers have learned how to prepare palatable food. They have also learned not only to draw their field pieces, but actually carry them. All women are enrolled in the infantry division of the army, so that theirs are machine guns, which three or four women can carry together. Some of these guns are light enough to be borne on the shoulders of *one woman. While Russians are not good marksmen they are expert at bayonet work, and there is nothing the Germans fear more than a Russian bayonet encounter, when the sturdy dwarf of the North not only sticks his enemy through, but has an appalling habit of lifting him up on the bayonet. I saw one victim of this, shocking act slide off the keen blade, dead. And if the Germans fear such attacks of uninspired Russian men, they dread the savage charge of fiery Russian women, and when they succeeded in capturing three in battle they tortured them to death by way of "satisfying spite against those hundreds of young women who lay slain —martyrs to patriotism. I watched women soldiers dig out their own trenches, where rain or bombardment had caused them to fall in; pull around their heavy ammunition wagons and guns, as well as their field kitchens, and set up their barbed-wire entanglements. Many of them were noblewomen and wealthy members of the “upper froth” of Russia; quite a number were wives and mothers whose husbands were fighting in another sector’on the line; and every one was a volunteer. With courage went cheerfulness. In the midst of the hardships of trench life—and they can scarcely be overestimated—these women sang ballads and catchy songs as they worked at the business of death. Some played on musical instruments that they had brought into the trenches, while most of them found time to attend to the comfort of their pets, especially the battalion mascots —a parrot and a cat. , { , Ail were short of clothing—simple as was their uniform. It consisted of a grayish khaki colored material, llkte washed-out khaki, made in overalls and jumper, with a tight-fitting high collar and belt. They wore the same boots as were used by men, and some had'their feet encased in shoes and puttees. One of the chief difficulties in equipping women has been to fit the “upper froth” with boots, and to the rigors of trench life has been added the discomfort and, I fancy, pain of dainty feet in coarse, heavy unaccustomed boots, standing often in a mire of mud and water. Women soldiers had shifts of ten days in firstline trenches of the enemy, with four hours on find, four hours off duty. At the least unusual noise or sudden skirmish the whole 2,500 women were out and in readiness for battle. Every thirty feet in the women’s sector stood a “post,” or sentry, who fired without ceasing, was her duty to call out, on occasion, the soldiers who rested in their malodorous dugouts on shelves that protruded from the walls along each side. Mere children were many of these modern Amasons, for their ages vary from fifteen to thirty-five years, and for ten days on a stretch they had no

opportunity to change or remove their clothings When not fighting or on sentry duty the women rest as best they may in their dugouts, where roar of guns does not penetrate very loudly. No-ven-tilation reaches these deep burrows under the hlll* except that at the entrance to the trench, and conditions are offensive to every sense of comfort and sanitation. Our Red Cross commission sought to remedy some of the worst features of Russian trench life, but modern war is one of unbelievable horrors, not the least of which is the Insect pestilence of the trenches. Every ten days a section of trench is cleaned upand its occupants are stripped, sprayed with a& Insect destroyer, brushed down with brooms, given a bath and clean clothes. In singular contrast tn the many antiquated methods of battlefield existence common in the Russian army are comfortable bath trains provided for the soldiers’ fortnightly As the world knows, the Battalion of Death was organized by Madame Vera Butchkareff, who lived in a, small Cossack settlement in Siberia at the outbreak of the war. When Madame Butchkareff’s husband was killed in battle she formed the Legion of Death, mainly to shame Russian men into action, and partly, to relieve the awful suspense and monotony of village life far from the scene of strife. Therefore, in the original ranks of women warriors were to be found hardy peasants from the vast agricultural region of Siberia, and many such women belong to the present regiments of feminine soldiers. Far different from their once peaceful, remote lives is the terrific action of the battlefront, where instead of distant sparks of stars in quiet skies, they witness clusters of shells shrieking upward, five a minute, and bursting around a moving speck in the heavens —some airplane target for great guns. Timed to explode at 5,000 or- 6,000 feet, as well as the distance of the plane can be gauged, the shell turns to fall at the designated height and shrapnel sprays the night skies with vivid fountains of flame. In the great Russian upheaval Siberia has determined to achieve an independence of its own. I found the people In this vast storehouse of nature’s wealth distinct in type from those in any other part of Russia. They are a mixture of Mongol and Russ; a peculiar young-old folk. Nowhere else in the world have I found as strange looking people. The men have a drawn expression and fixed, staring eyes. Women, too, exhibit this characteristic to a marked degree, and everywhere one finds the form of youth surmounted by the facial appearance of age. I wondered whether this expression proceeded from the squalor of their meager lives. They are an exceedingly dirty, filthy people; ragged for the most part, and with feet shod in a sort of straw sandal. With a land of rare agricultural, timber and mineral wealth surrounding them, they yet wear an appearance of stolid dejection.

HAD A GOOD FATHER.

The store was crowded with customers when a child walked in and with an important air approaclied the owner of the store, held up a quarter, and remarked in a high treble: “My father said I could buy anything I wanted for my supper.” “Well, you have a good father,” said the storekeeper. , “Yes,” replied the kldlet, “and it's ms tli’U knows it."