Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 26, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 8 February 1918 — Page 3

The Housewife and the War

. (Special Information'Service, United States Department of Agriculture.) . SWEETS THAT WILL SAVE THE SUGAR

Sugar—Two Forms—and Three Substitutes: Dates, Honey and Sirup.

SIRUPS ARE GOOD FOR SWEETENING

Also Honey, Molasses and Sweet Fruits in Many Forms. SWEETS INSTEAD OF SUGAR Housewife Can Help Win War by Economizing With War Commodity —Some Recipes Given for Making Delicious Desserts. _ There are ’many sweets to be used Instead of sugar—honey, sirup, corn sirup, sorghum sirup, maple sirup, molasses, fruit sirups and sweet dried fruits. Cereals need sweetening for most of us, but we need not use sugar. • All of the sirups are good on* them, and only a little is needed to give the flavor. They can all be used in cooking and delicious desserts made with them. Puddings can easily be made without any sugar. Brown Betty is good, with any of the sirups. Put a layer of bread, then a layer of apples, moisten with sirup or honey, and repeat until the dish is full. - Oatmeal Betty is an unusual use for left-over oatmeal that is very good. Oatmeal Betty. 2 cupfuls cooked 4 apples cut in small oatmeal. pieces. % cupful raisins. % . cupful honey or sirup. Mix and bake for bne-Jialf hour. Serve hot or cold. Indian Pudding. Indian pudding needs no sugar. It is a very nutritious dessert and can be used as the main part of a meal. 4 cupfuls milk. % teaspoonful salt. 14 cupful cornmeal. 1 teaspoonful ginger. % cupful molasses. Cook milk and meal in a double boiler for 20 minutes; add molasses, salt and ginger. Pour Into a buttered baking dish and bake two hours in a slow oven or use a flfeless cooker. - • Rice pudding is good with threefourths cupful of sirup to three cupfuls cooked rice. Raisins may be added. Bake for half an hour. Honey and maple custards have a very delicate flavor/ Corn sirup or fruit sirup-may be used, too. Boiled Honey Custard.

2 cupfuls milk. 1-3 cupful honey. 8 egg yolks. H teaspoonful salt Mix the honey, eggs anil salt. Scald the mill? and pour It over the eggs. Cook in a double boiler until the mixture thickens. Honey Drop Cakes. These cakes are delicious. Try thenx instead of cakes made with sugar. % cupful honey. 1% to 2 cupfuls flour. U cupful butter. % teaspoonful soda. % teasponful cinna-TS tablespoonfuls wamon. ter. % teaspoonful cloves 1 cupful raisins, cut 1 egg. 7 in small pieces. .Heat the honey and butter until the butter melts. While the mixture is warm add the spices. When it is cold add part of the flour, the egg well beaten, the soda dissolved In the water L and the raisins. Add enough more flour to make a dough that will hold Its shape. Drop by spoonfuls on a but- ' tered tin and bake in a moderate oven. Soft Honey Cake. % cupful butter. 1 teaspoonful soda. 1 cupful honey. % teaspoonful clnna--1 egg. mon. % cupful sour milk. 4 cupfuls flour. Rub the butter and honey together; a*dd the egg well beaten, then the sour milk and the flour sifted with the soda and spice. Bake in a shallow pan.» Sufarless Gingerbread. Use gingerbread instead of the rich-

The squirrel does not know how to can but he stores his food for the lean season. Learn a lesson from the squirrel. Those who can’t nurse-can keep people from getting sick—and what’B that about an ounce of prevention? Everything wasted means that some one has to work Just that much more for you. *-x .■ ■ - ", ' Do it now and cheerfully.

er cakes. -It requires no sugar and everybody likes It. 2 cupfuls flow. 1 cupful molasses. 1% teaspoonfuls sodal cupful thick sour 1 teaspoonful gin- milk. ger. 1 egg. % teaspoonful salt. Mix and sift the dry ingredients; add molasses, milk and eggs and beat welF; pour into a greased pan and bake in a moderate oven 25 minutes. Every food-saving kitchen takes three pot shots' a day at the enemy. Back of every worker must be an efficient home. When something seems drudgery, think of the trenches.

Use Popcorn—Three Ways.

There is one good American food of which we have an abundance and we can use as much of it as we like corn. Use all kinds and in many ways. Popcorn is one of the kinds every one likes. It is a good food just simply popped, and can also be made into such a wholesome, inexpensive sweet that it should be widely used. Here is the way to pop ft and several ways to use ■it: Shell the corn if it is on the cob and pop the dried corn in a covered iron frying-pan or a regular popper, shaking vigorously. If a wire popper is used, do not pop the corn directly over the flame or it will scorch. Shake it quite high over the flames, or better over coals or on the top of the stove. Take just enough corn to cover the bottom of the popper. A cupful of popcorn makes about three quarts when popped. - ' Popcorn is good, of course, seasoned with salt. A common way of serving is to mix with a very little melted butter and then sprinkle with salt. But have you ever tried it as a breakfast food eaten with milk -or cream? It makes a good cereal. To make a sweet of popcorn boil together one cupful of corn sirup and one tablespoonful of vinegar until a few drops harden in water and pour Lt over the freshly popped corn while it is hot. As soon as it IS cool enough to handle, grease the hands and form into balls. This amount of sirup covers three quarts' Art jiopcorn. Chocolate popcorn is delicious. Cook one cupful of. corn sirup for five minutes. Add two ounces of chocolate (two squares), and stir until'melted. Cook slowly until a soft ball is formed In water. Beat until thick. Have the popped corn in a greased dish. Pour the sirup over it and form into balls when cool enough to handle. This amount covers 1% quarts of popcorn. Farmers’ Bulletin 553 tells how to grow popcorn. Why not have a few rows of popcorn in your garden next spring? ' " ■ Those who can’t fight must do the next best thing they can. Patriotism is not .pessimism.

CONNECTICUT JAM, SEVEN TONS, TO FRANCE.

Danbury fair and Fairfield county, Connecticut, have a new chapter written in their history, all on account of the seven tons of Jam sent to the French army hospitals. The Jam was made and packed by the women of the county, under the direction of the home demonstration agent, and was exhibited at the county fair. Following the exhibit it was loaded og auto trucks, gayly decorated with banners showing its origin and destination, driven to New’ York, down Fifth avenue and shipped to the front.

SKIM MILK MOST DESIRABLE

1 11 I ' Value of 100 Pounds Sometimes Considered Equal to Half Bushel, of Corn—Feed All Possible. The value of'SiOO pounds of skim milk is sometimes considered equal to that of half, a bushel of corn. With the high prices of feeds it is therefore desirable to feed all the skim milk possible. High-testing cream makes possible more of this valuable feed.

Buttons are now made from yeast

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN/ RENSSELAER. IND.

WHEN PARIS “BOOMED”

Thotmanda of New Cltisena Forced to Live to Stoblee end KHcheui MUalaalppl Scheme, Early Buatoeaa Corporation, Canoe

By S. W. STRAUS

(Pnsdaeßtltew TerkaU Ota* Bote)

(Copyright, 1917. Weatern Newipaper.Union.) The wildest “booms” In America never exceeded that which occurred in Paris during the eatly part of the eighteenth century. It was when Law’s “Mississippi Scheme” reached the crest in its meteoric course. In two or three years the manufactures of Paris Increased four-fold. The population was added to by hundred thousands. The vast numbers of people who came to Paris were forced to live in garrets, kitchens and stables. This amazing activity was caused by anticipations that huge profits would be derived from trade with the Louisiana province. At the beginning of the reign of Louis XV France was in serious financial straits owing to the wars of Louis XIV. Law was a Scottish financier who submitted to the French governmenf a tempting plan for reducing the national debt by a systematic cultivation of commercial relations with the French territory in North America.

With the protection of the government he organized, in 1717, the Compagnle d’Occident, capitalized at 100,000,000 livres. His company was invested with the privilege of trading exclusively with the Province of Louisiana for twenty-five years. The influence of the Compagnie d’Occident over Louisiana was made so great that it amounted practically to a new government. In 1718 the name of the company was changed to the Banque Royale, with the king, himself, guaranteeing the notes that were issued. In 1719 the company obtained, a monopoly of trade with the East Indies, China and the South Seas and was named the Compagnie des Indes. By this time so successful was Law In arousing popular interest that when 50,000 new shares were offered 300,000 applications were made for them. Then the boom above described reached its culmination. The entire scheme was doomed to failure. Actual operations had hardly been started when the government greatly increased its paper money circulation on the strength of this prosperity. People began to realize that they were riding on the crest of a bubble. The end came swiftly and although Law endeavored to remedy matters by drastic measures he was forced

“Scheme Preposterous and Absurd”

Such Is Comment on First Railroad; How Modern Transportation Aids Civilisation

By S. W. STRAUS

(Prominent New York and Chicago Banker)

(Copyright, 1S)17, Western Newspaper Union.* “Your scheme is preposterous in the extreme. It is of so extravagant a character as to be positively absurd. Then look at the recklessness of your proceedings I You are proposing to cut up our estates in all directions for the purpose of making an unnecessary road. Do you think fur one moment of the destruction of.property in it?” Such was the comment of one Sir Astley Cooper, a great Englishman, on the first railroad that Stephenson proposed in’England! Other comments of the time are also Interesting. For example, a Mr. Berkeley, member of parliament for Cheltenham, said: “Nothing is more distasteful to me than to hear the echo of our hills reverberating the noise of hissing railroad engines running through the heart of our hunting country and destroying the noble sport to which I have been accustomed from my childhood.” But this is mild in comparison with what one Colonel Slbthorpe said : “I would rather meet a highwayman or see a burglar on my premises than an engineer.” Physicians stated that .traveling through tunnels would expose healthy people to coldn, catarrh and consumption. Witness this reassuring .article appearing in the London Quarterly Review In 1826: “It Is certainly some consolation to those who are toj, be whirled at the rate of 18 or 20 miles an hour, by means of a high-pressure engine, to be told that they are in ho danger of being sea sick while on shore; that they are not to be scalded to death nor drowned by the bursting of a boiler; and that they need not mind being hit by the scattered fragments or dashed to pieces by the firing off or the breaking of a wheel. But with all those assurances we should expect the people of Woolwich to suffer themselves to be fired off upon one of the Congreve’s ricochet rockets, as trust themselves to the mercy of an engine, going at such a rate.” Indeed, for a long time, the nobility >f England would not ride on the railroads. If any traveling was to be done they would allow their servants, with the baggage, to use the railroad, but for themselves they ad-

to flee from Paris and died practically penniless in a foreign city. At the. same time a similar project was coming to its end in England. The Smith Sea company, formed for the purpose of trading in the South Seas, endfed with a crash when most of the directors sold out when the value of their shares had been stimulated to reach 1,000. These early attempts at large scale business organization ushered in the modern type of corporation. A brief sketch of -how our present complex business organization evolved should be interesting to the readers of this series, for the greater proportion of banking is inseparably linked with business. Many of the investment bonds on the market today are obligations of corporations. The corporation, in its essential principles, has been traced back as far as ancient Babylon. It grew oUt of the activities of families in commercial ventures. A family of fishermen would be as one in the ownership of boats, equipment, and in their operation. Their trust in one another led naturally to the recognition of each member as an agent of the firm, whose acts bound the others^and to the unlimited liability of each for payment of obllgaSons—features of the partnership. The corporation came into existence as an improvement over tile partnership in handling large projects and in limiting the liability of members. It is asserted by Blackstone that the corporation as we see it today descended directly from the practice of Roman business men. The Roman corporations were known as “colleges.” They enabled aristocratic Romans to engage in vulgar trade secretly. In medieval times the corporation, form of organization was used chiefly with municipalities and ecclesiastical bodies. Guilds and municipalities were often chartered by the crown because they could exercise the power which the king himself was unable to wield.

The American “trust” Is not strictly American. The idea of trusts originated in the middle ages through the desire of the church to get around the statutes of “mortmain.” These laws were not favorable to those who had estates willed to them in perpetuity. The scheme adopted was to have property deeded to a third party, who would administer it for the benefit of the church. This is similar to the modern trust organization, where stock of various corporations is held in trust by a holding company. Probably the popular idea that trusts are illegal originated in this first evasion of the law. The trade union has apparently always existed. The Romans had them. In medieval times they were called guilds and crafts. Journeymen often formed associations for protection. The purpose they gave was religious wpsship, but that was only a cover for what we would now call trade unions. They conducted strikes and obtained increases in wages.

hered to the old plan of stagecoach. This occurred during the beginning of what economists have called the “industrial revolution.” At that time there followed in rapid succession the invention of many machines, such as the steam engine, cotton gin, spinning jenny, and the like. This ‘revolution” ushered in the highly developed and organized world we live-in today. It enabled Stephenson to bring the .first locomotive to a workable stage in 1830. It also led to the construction of the first steamboat in 1807 by Fulton. These two factors in modern transportation have done much for the .world. They have developed continnents,- brought the products of distant lands to your table, knit together nations through exchange with one another, and equalized the distribution of food. This latter is perhaps one of the most important boons it has conferred upon mankind. The “fearful famines’’ of the past, where millions of P e op]_ e have perished through failure of crops in one district, could have been relieved if adequate transportation agencies were in existence and ready to equalize the extremes of plenty and want maintaining throughout the world.

But the modem transportation system that has relieved famines In ‘ljidia, China, Ireland, and more recently Belgium, would not be possible if the millions of dollars required for its financing were not available. And, so almost simultaneous with the industrial revolution people began to save and Invest money. Savings banks were established and banks multiplied. It is an astonishing fact that previous to this period and since the time of Rome the accumulation of capltdl by individuals was practically unknown. Now capital is largely obtained by offering bonds for the Investment of the funds of many people. Your city erects schoolhouses and bridges; your county builds roads; the country as a whole carries on its share In the present war —all through bonds. Just as the funds of thousands of investors have made possible the rebuilding of American cities, so has the same principle made possible the progress and wonders of the twentieth Century. - ' • '

George Bancroft

George Bancroft was author of a Voluminous and detailed history of the United States.* He was a public man as well ar an author and occupied many positions of honor and trust in the public service of his country. He was collector of customs of the port of Boston from 1838 to 1841, and secretary of the navy in the cabinet of President Polk. While holding that important office he established the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, at which practically all the naval officers of the United .States are trained; He' served as United States minister to Great Britain. Priissb- nd other Germanic state*

Heathens of South America

UNINFORMED persons often ask why it is necessary to §end missionaries to South America, where all the countries are Christian. Replying to this query, in the Missionary Review of the World, Rev. Dr. Gerhard J. Schilling of Buenos Aires says there are millions of souls in that continent who have never yet heard of the Christian faith, and other millions who have a very wrong idea of it. Few American Christians, he continues, have any definite idea of the number and condition of these unevangelized multitudes. Their numbers are not known. In the United States It is estimated that there are 260,000 Indians and many mission boards in North America which carry on work among the various tribes. Contrast the conditions in the southern continent. In Ecuador, for -instance, out of a population of 1,250,000, the Indians number 870,000. These are very low in the scale of civilization, and the majority of them are absolutely unevangelized. Moreover, 200,000 of the Indians in that republic have never as yet been politically subdued. They still roam in the forests, killing game with their poisoned arrowg and bringing down birds with their long blowpipes. Any approach to them is unsafe, arid no one seems willing to expose his life in an effort to w in them to Christ. Half the People Indians. Look at Peru. The last census, reveals the fact that 57.6 per cent of its population of 2,592,000 are Indians. Some of these have heard of the Christian faith and some will even salute a church w'hen they pass, but. 2,000,000 of them could not give ri reason for the faith that is within them.

In Bolivia we find 50.9 per cent of the people Indians, or 920,864; of the 486,018 of “mixed population” returned in the last cehsus, almost all have little of Spanish and much of Indian blood in their veins. So we can safely add 1,000,000 Indians as the Bolivian contingent. No man living can tell how many Indians live in Brazil. Baron de San-ta-Anna Nery, authority on the question of Indians in the Amazon valley, actually gives the names of 373 tribes in that region. I venture to say that there are from 7,000,000 to 8,000,000 of Indians in Brazil. In addition to these millions there are the unnumbered Guaranies and Lenguas, 25,000, as Rev. W. B. Grubb estimates, in Paraguay and the Gran Chaco of Argentine. There are the Patagonians of the South and the Auracanians of Chile. ; One could fill pages with only ajr enumeration Of their tribal namesTind a guess at their numbers.

The manner of living among these Indians is as varied as the area in which they dwell.. Begin with the southernmost, the Onas of Tierra del Fuego. Although they are exposed for months during the rains to frost and snow, they go about almost naked, and entirely so in their poor habitations, which often take the form of cayes dug into the side of a hllL Many of them are polygamists, and all show very little respect for the government. Not long ago a Chilean army officer stationed among them was found pierced by 25 arrows pointed with splinters of glass. A much, sturdier race are the Araucanians. Among all the aborigines of the region now called Chile, they only have never been conquered, neither by the Incas who extended once their empire as far as Maule, or by the Spaniards who had to withdraw from them. It has been my privilege to preach to them in 1907, and I found among the family of Mapuchs, near Carahue, a very kind reception. They live in large huts, called rucas, the sides of which are made of branches, straw and occasionally of hides. Some of these rucas are large enough to shelter all the members of one of the smaller tribes. Kill the Babes and Aged. The Indians of the Gran Chaco, the northwestern reserves of Argentine, and the Guaranies are first cousins. Rev. W. B. Grubb, who knows most about them, says: “Although canni-

House of the Aimara Indians.

ballsm is not practiced In the Chaco, the people have many stories about It, which may be only invented. But It is quite possible that they are the result of a long-forgotten habit. These cannibals are supposed to be located in the far West, and In that direction among a people of Guarani descent, such practices were evidently in vogue.” The most prevalent crime among the Lengua-Mascoy (one of the Paraguay tribes) Is that of infanticide, which they do not rank in the same category as the murder of a grown child or adult, and this evil is so general, that the very existence of the race is endangered. There are many reasons for infanticide. The strongest Incentive to the crime is the difficulty of nurturing and bringing up a young family under the most unfavorable conditions, especially the shortage of food. Another feature of heathenism, found among the Lengua-Mascoy Indians, which is apt to strike one at first sight as extremely cruel, and Indicative of a total lack of natural affection, is the habit of hastening the death of the aged and the victims of a serious accident or sickhess. So long as there is any probable hope of recovery, the patient is kindly treated and attended to, but their attitude to these unfortunates at once changes when they realize that their efforts are • in vain. Then they hasten death by starvation and neglect, sometimes even by violence, and wilful, premature burial is by no. means an uncommon Occurrence. In Bolivia there are even today a great number of distinct tribes of Indians. .'The two most prominent families are the Quetchuas and the Almaraes. Having lived several years in, Bolivia, it was my joy to establish preaching services among the Aimaraes. The Quetchuas belonged to the four original tribes which unitedly composed the Inca empire. The proud Aimara, once considering himself the lord of the eternal mountains, is now a shy and crushed servant. He evades the white man who so treacherously treated his forebears in’the days of the Atahualpa, the Crpesus of his time. With the Spanish political yoke the religion of the conquerors was enforced upon all natives. Many of them little cared whettier one image, that of the sun or moon, or another, that of the cross or of the “mother of heaven,” adorned their temples or surmounted the hills. Cannibals of Bolivia. There are 25 more major tribes of Indians in Bolivia. On the official maps used in the Bolivian schools, drawn by Dr. Dan Bustamante, all these are called “salvajes” or savages. Some of these, as the Guanas who are bordering on Paraguay, or the Chara ros of the East Indies, are still camnibals. No one knows their language, and they hide in the marshes or climb into the trees at the approach of the white man. Lucky, indeed, the foreigner who, having been saved from their poisoned arrows, has been permitted to reach the outer border of their domains. I little wonder at the wild heathen rites and orgies after having seen several of the festivities and pagan dances performed by the so-called Christian Indians in Bolivia. These dances took place during one, of their church festivals.

I saw them gather for the dance, sewed into the skins of the alpacca, imitating bears, or wearing masks representing lions or rats. This consisted of stepping slowly to the weird sound of bamboo flutes, meanwhile describing large circles. Suddenly they stop at the sign of their leader, turn about and retrace in dancing step the circle just marked. At another signal they stop altogether, when their squaws regale them with small tin cups filled with diluted raw alcohol, manufactured from sugarcane. In a few minutes dancing is resumed, and some of the men kept this up for forty or forty-eight hours, when they fell In death-like stupor to the ground. They never took off their mdsks or fancy dresses during all this time, and even slept out their debauch in the attire of their orgies.