Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 9, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 19 January 1918 — Page 2

Bread Made From Cow Peas Is Both Novel and Nutritious

Cowpea bread, made from fresh green cdwpeas, is still a novelty to many. This bread is not only wholesome and nutritious, but it also has a very agreeable flavor and a delicate green color which permits its use for dainty sandwiches when prepared with a filling of soft white cheese or a lettuce leaf and a bit of mayonnaise. Like other legumes the cowpea furnishes considerable protein, bo essential in our diet. It also contains valuable mineral salts which are also of benefit to the human system. . Used in bread the cowpea serves as a wheat flour , substitute, hence helps to conserve wheat. Moreover, in districts where these peas are grown, this should prove an economical kind of brea( L F Boil the cowpeas in the pods from one to two hours. Whc sufficiently cooled, shell them and put the peas through a meat Snder or vegetable press. For each loaf of bread take one cupful mashed cowpeas, one teaspoonfuLsalt, one tablespoonful sugar, and mix thoroughly. For every lohf allow one-fourth cake ast two-thirds cupful lukewarm water (or one-eighth cupful liquid yeast and about one-half cupful water). Mix yeast and wateir an d Idd to the cowpeas, lllend with this one cupful of sifted flour cover and let rise until quite light. Work in additional flour, about iy 2 cupfuls per loaf, until of the properconsistency.Kneaduntil smooth, cover and allow to rise again. When light, mold; place in greased pans; let rise until two or two and one-half times, its bulk; bake fifty to sixty minutes in a moderate oven.

Mathematics a Powerful Factor in Our Material and Economic Progress

Whatever may be said of mathematics as a “whetstone of the wits” or as a mental discipline, the fact remains that the chief vitalizing factor of the subject is found in its practical uses. Historically speaking, observes S. D. Macdonald of the Colorado Agricultural college, much of our advanced mathematics, as well as most of our elementary mathematics, sprang as a necessity out of very practical conditions. ■* x It has been remarked that “man measures and conquers,” and industrially speaking we may safely affirm that man’s conquest depends very largely upon iris ability to measure accurately. This task of measurement may be a problem in arithmetic, as the measurement of an excavation in terms of cubic yards or human hands or horse power or money, or the measurement may involve a more advanced knowledge, as the measurement of the length of an elliptical curve, or of a cable swinging freely between two supports, Brooklyn bridge for example. And let it be emphasized that this measurement is not complete until it is expressed in terms of known units that- would be useful in a builder’s bid or contract. So mathematics, more than we realize, is a powerful factor in our material and economic progress.

Municipal Forests Being Established in Maryland

In Maryland municipal forests are being established with professional aid ifrom the state. In other eastern states, towns and cities are acquiring small municipal forests to serve for watershed protection or for recreation. The times seems fast approaching, notes a writer, when cities and counties as well as states and the federal government will very generally establish public forests for the growing of timber and for providing employment and utilizing land unfit for agriculture. Forestry involves so long a time in maturing the crop that, while reasonably profitable, private funds or individuals are not often attracted. Forestry seems destined to remain largely a governmental institution, although under special conditions and in certain sections of the country private funds are being profitably employed in growing timber.

Around the World

The trackless trolley has been a success in Bradford, England. Port Arthur (Tex.) Carpenters receive an increase in wages to $6 a day. It is estimated that the gross delivery expense of retail grocers in the country is over $75,000,000, a year. Federal bureau of labor statistics show that in the year from July 15, 1916, to July 15, 1917, food prices as a whole have advanced 32 per cent-

The Union Jack.

The Union Jack is a combination of the separate national flags of the three * kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, or at least of what have been accounted such. The red cross on a white field was, before the beginnings of heraldry, the distinguishing flag of England, and the white, saltire on a blue field (the St Andrew’s cross) similarly the flag of Scotland. The first union flag, introduced in 1606, three years after the union of England and Scotland, blended the two.national flags by placing the cross of St George over the saltire of St Andrew, Ing the blue field of the latter, and giving the former a narrow white border or “fimbriation” to represent its white or silver field, and avoid the heraldic-solecisms of color on color. At the union of 1707 the use of the first uuion flag was confirmed.

RED CROSS’ CARE OF SOLDIERS

While Uncle Sam’s soldiers have been traveling to camps and cantonments all over the country, the Red Cross has been busy proving that the boys in khaki never lack friends no matter where they go. More than a thousand chapters have organized “refreshment units,” which make a business of serving light refreshments —coffee, . sandwiches, and the like —at the Vallroad stations in their home towns when the troop trains go through.. Many chapters also stamp and mail letters and post cards for the soldiers, and send off their telegrams.. In a town of less than .15,000 people in lowa, the Red Cross chapter served light refreshments to over 3,500 men in about two weeks’ times. Twentyfour hundred homemade cookies and ten bushels of apples were donated for use in a single day. When the selective draft men left the town every man took a pound box of candy, made by someone of his neighbors, with him. For another detachment, the Red Cross loaded the . cook car with enough sweet corn, apples and tomatoes for two meals for the whole trainful of soldiers. During one full day of 24 hours (for the chapters are ready night and day) the Red Cross canteen workers served homemade apple pie to 1,142 men, and every man got a quarter of a pie I

Human Development.

Human development is a matter of growth. It comes from within out. There’s no pleasure in being shown your weakness unless you mean to profit by their 1 You can’t show the weak spots to everybody, notes a writer. Small people get angered at the suggestion that they might not be up to all they should be. So you might as well let them nurse their self-opinion and get busy on yourself. You will work, and dig, and polish, and often will not be able to see any progress made. That’s discouraging, but you mustn’t stop. You must just renew your efforts at working, digging and polishing. If you are willing to pay the price you can rise to almost any height. And the best of it is you know how you have risen and the. very process has made you more than a master for anything that may turn up.

Never Committed to Paper.

Great care is taken in guarding a diplomatic secret. No government secret when first born is ever committed to paper, except/on the rare occasions, says London Tit-Bits, when minutes of a cabinet meeting are taken and forwarded to the king. Once our war cabinet has decided upon an important piece of foreign policy with a neutral country it has to be transmitted to our representative abroad, and for the first time the secret is put In writing in the form of unintelligible cipher, the key to which Js already in the hands of our ambassador. The men who draw up these intricate cipher codes are reliable officials employed by the government, and they often obtain from £SOO to £7OO for a single code.

Marine Peculiarities.

There are two natural phenomena of quite regular recurrence which have given unique face in the Japanese bay of Toyama. The lightning cuttle-fish is a rather tiny species that emits a wonderful phosphorescence when, aroused, and while the fish is not confined to the locality, it swarms along the coast in April and May. As the fishermen seek them with special nets the alarmed creatures glow with ex-, ceptional brilliance. The second phenomenon is the Shinkero, or mirage. The mirage seen along the shore, begins as a faint mist and lhen develops into a panorama of forest, castles, bridges and marching men and horsemen.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. RENSSETZAER. TNT).

Fresh Fruits Beneficial and Aid in Making Other Foods Far More Efficient

In the campaign for food conservation, the government advocates the consumption oi perishable products, and the use of larger amounts of fresh fruits.* The old expression “An apple a day will keep the doctor away” might well become the slogan of a greater number of people than ever before, writes a state agriculturist. The general healthfulness of such ■fruits is well known but they have not been used as-wldely in the past as they should. ~ Their beneficial properties, stimulate the appetite and aid digestion and while possessing only small nutritive value are a necessary part of every diet. Too mqny people are prone to consider fruits as luxuries rather than necessities. Growing children often crave fruits of different kinds, and no doubt would be benefited -by more of them, but their parents, feeling that they are luxuries, fail to pro vl de them. . Many fresh fruits such as apples, oranges and grapes, may be obtained at reasonable prices, and there is little doubt but that larger amounts of such fruits and smaller amounts of some other foods as meats and pastries, would benefit a great number of people. Q In addition to their other good qualities, fresh fruits are said to “make other foods more efficient,” something that is worth while considering.

When One Goal Is Reached Begin Plans for Another

The attainment of spccess should always be in the future. If you succeed today, tomorrow you should succeed again. If you have reached a goal for which you have struggled for many years, writes Bernarr Macfadden, in Physical Culture, you can enjoy your victory to the full, but life will become dull, monotonous and fruitless unless you set another goal,'begin another chase. For the eternal reward comes only with a life of continuous achievement. It matters not what you accomplished last year, the year before, or many years before. It is what you are doing now, today, that is of real importance. If the time comes when you are fully satisfied, when the goal you have reached completely fulfills every longing within your soul, then* life will no longer be of interest. It will be time to die.

HAVE A LAUGH

His Cup Runneth Over. The new chap carrying the mess was a polite lad. • “How’d you like your coffee?” he asks. Tommy gazed up amazed, and then quick as a trigger: “Over the top, mate. Over the top.” Knew She Was There.

Medium. “What do you think about the charges against these factions?” “I don’t think any of them are as black as they’re painted.” “No, nor as pure as they’re whitewashed.” He Played Safe.' “She said if any man kissed her without warning she would have him arrested.” . “What did you do?” - “I warned her, of course.” Like the Country. your neighbor moved out West? Crimsonbeak —That’s what he’s done. « •’And has he paid his debts?” “No; he’s like the vicinity he’s living in—only sparsely settled.” •I At the Kennels.

"What are you going to do 1 ?" asked the fox terrier pup to the man with the knife. “Well, to make a long tall short,” replied the heartless wretch, here’s where I get busy.”

An Opposing Combination. , “I know a man who performed a dark deed vthich was also one of light.” "How was that?” “He was my deader who gave me a ton* of coal,” ' Logical Connection. The mother of a bright little tot had ordered whipped cream on her dessert, and the small maiden was much struck with the term. She turned it over in her wise little brain till its apparent meaning struck her. “Mamma,” said she suddenly, “is the whipped cream what comes from the naughty cows?"

“I see my wife is in that picture theater.” “You can’t see her through the walls, can you?” “No, but I recognize the baby carriage in the lobby.”

RED CROSS IS GOOD TO THE SAMMIES

The Red Cross canteens where the soldiers get real coffee nice and hot, and sandwiches—Just like the Sammies were used to getting at home—is the Joy and comfort of the men as they are traveling. After a long wait at some station, a “swallow" of that coffee and a "bite" of one of those sandwiches is their chief desire. And the canteens are always there with mounds of goodies to serve them. The Red Cross treatment has won the hearts of the soldiers.

FOR THE POULTRY GROWER

An egg-laying strain cannot be produced by inbreeding. In order for a hep to be a good producer, Tom Barron'writes, she must be in good health and full of vigor. Use a male that was bred from a hen that laid 200 eggs or more in a year. Breed for high averages instead of exceptionally high individuals. A good layer usually stands high in front and her back is not on a level, or the rear higher than the front. The best producers usually have 'large combs, a high tail, and a prominent, large, bright eye. Prefer the wedge shape, rather narrow in front but ■ wide behind, and wide between the legs. A hen inclined to be squirrel-tailed is the best layer. Not always the largest hen is the best layet; generally the smallest one. The heavy laying hens are those with white legs. A tight-feathered bird is a better layer than a loose-feathered one. A hen that does not lay well in winter should not be used. As a rule, the first pullets of a brood to begin laying make the best layers, and the first cockerels to crow usually make the best breeders for egg production.

The laying hen is usually nervous and active, according to H. A. McKeene; she has a strong appetite, evidenced by a full crop at night; she is the last to retire at night and the first to be about in the morning; she is also late to molt in the fall; phe is distinguished by width and depth of abdomen; the comb is usually large and the eye bright. Professor Kent says that an examination of the earlobe is considered to be almost infallible. A chalky white earlobe indicates-that a bi,rd is laying heavily, whereas a cream-colored one shows that the bird is laying moderately, has just started or has just stopped. A milk-colored earlobe shows that the hen has laid slightly or has stopped laying. A very yellow or dark earlobe indicates that the hen has not laid at all. An extremely white, earlobe also may mean very low vitality. The more velvety the texture of the hen’s comb the better her health, and it is almost a certain sign that she is laying heavily.

History of Paraguay.

Paraguay has a rich history. Ascuncion, the capital of Paraguay, is the oldest city on the Atlantic slope of South America. But even more significant than this, Ascuncion was the colony of the new world to defy the doings of its foreign masters and elect its own governor. Here for the first time burned the fires of liberty on American soil, and here for the first, time was poured out precious bipod for the establishment of those principles for which so many have since died and which we Ail hold so dear. Twenty-five years before the Plymouth brethren landed at Plymouth Rock, the little colony in Paraguay* had elected one of its own na-tive-born Americans as governor, and had forced the king of Spain to recognize his authority and glye him the royal support.

Aridity and Crops.

In ancient civilization we find the people showed a preference for arid countries and there were most fertile. Egypt, Palestine, Persia, Syria, oases in the. Libyan and Sahara deserts, Arabia, on both stales of the Mediterranean; in fact everywhere aridity occurs is closely linked/ with the world’s greatest and most valuable crops. J

Crude Oil Is Consumed in Excess of the Production

It is interesting to read that the country is consuming crude oil at the rate of 26,000,000 barrels a year in excess of production. A demand to rush production is raised. There is refining capacity for 1,250,000 barrels a day, while the production is about 1,000,000. Many of us who are not yet superannuated can remember when oil was put to use. Since that time how much has gushed or been drawn from underground? Nobody can calculate, says the Hartford Courajit. We know where the perpetual brooks and rivers come from. The water flowing to the sea returns in rain and the supply is continually selfrenewing. But how about oil? How can that return to the inner earth after being separated and burned? Everybody takes it for granted that there is an unlimited supply of oil to be had, and nobody discusses the possibility of its giving out. What would the world do today if it suddenly found itself without oil?

Rats, Pets of Miners, Warn Workmen of Unseen Dangers

There is one place in the world where rats are pets. Such is the case, says the public health service, in the deep gold mines of the mother lode in California. In those underground workings there are great numbers of rats, which are petted and fed by the miners. When the latter assemble at noontime to eat their lunch, the hungry rodents likewise gateer to receive scraps of food thrown to them. They are very tame. The miners cultivate their good will because they believe that the rats warn them of unseen dangers, and that the little animals can tell by instinct when the roof of a tunnel .or gallery Js unsafe. In the latter case they scurry away. If poisonous gases are present, they give notice of the fact by showing symptoms of distress.

How Work Helps.

Count yourself among the blest If you can work, and work hard. Work has specific healing for your trouble, although on other grounds I am its disciple—a pilgrim to its shrine. I had always liked my two hands inordinately for what they could do, writes Margaret Baldwin, in the Atlantic, but when, long ago, I learned how intimately and fundamentally the hands had had to do in primal ages with the evolution of the brain of earliesl: hopao, when he yet struggled with his eoliths and his unperfected thumbs, I reverenced them anew. The power of the hand visibly to recreate the mental conception of a Raphael and a Praxiteles is indefinable and exquisite. The hands hold the sublimity of the spirit to the power of the flesh.

Popular Science.

Compressed peat is being de- * veloped by a European inventor as a sound insulating material. No matter in what position it is attached, the seat of a new bath tub chair remains level. Six varieties of seaweed are used by the Japanese in the manufacture of vegetable isinglass. A patent has been granted a .Detroit woman for a screw hook that holds a plate above it and a cup below it at the same time. r A hand-operated emery wheel which can be clamped to any tree has been invented to sharpen the tools of men working in forests.

Fresh Air in Both Home and Hospital Important Says a Health Official

Fresh air is the environment la which man developed 'to his present state es perfection. Now that our newspapers reach to every nook and corner of the world, bearing the message, most men and women appreciate thepart pure air plays in sustaining; health, writes Samuel G. Dixon, M. D., LL. D., D. Sc., commissioner of healths Owing to the various demands of dv- 1 illzatlon we find, it hard to, be where we can best earn a livelihood and at: the same time dwell in an atmosphere* sufficiently pure to maintain perfect! health. Not only the medical profession, but now the general public, ap-» predates that in the cure of tuberculosis of the lungs fresh air is essential,, and, therefore, a)l our best hospitals are built and managed so timt the patients may receive the maximum of fresh air. Purity of air is necessary for the* sick. ®his Is often lost sight of by patients and those to whose care they are intrusted. During convalescence of patients from acute diseases in cold weather, we find in homes and hospitals where there are the greatest luxuries that those in attendance on the sick often neglect maintaining the regulation temperature. Physicians, internes and nurses, who have to be up and down at all times of the day and night, and often fail to dress Themselves sufficiently for protection against the cold air that the patient in bed should receive if those in charge ate to get the "best results. They should measure the temperature of the room by a thermometer and not by their own feelings. i *

Obviating the Waste and Trifles That Mean Great Help in Winning the War

Here are some household “trifles” that will help feed the soldiers in France and the starving people of the war-stricken area: If every family of 20,000,000 American households wastes but one slice of bread daily it means a waste of 14,000,000 ounces of flour, or 875,000 pounds; or enough flour to make more than. 1,000,000 one-pound loaves daily. As a yearly average this means the yield from 470,000 acres, figuring the average yield at 14.9 bushels. * If everyone of these families wastes just a half-cupful of milk, sweet or sour, daily, it means 2,500,000 quarts daily or the yearly product of 400,000 cows. If every family wastes one-fourth of an ounce of butter daily, it means 312,500 pounds a day or the yearly milk product of more than 500,000 cows. If every family wastes an ounce of edible meat, whether it is lean, mixed fat or suet, it wastes 1,250,000 pounds of animal food a day or 456,000,000' pounds a year; or distributing this amount according to the per capita consumption of the various meats (excluding bones) a combined herd of over 538,000 beef, 291,000 calves, over 625,000 sheep and lambs, and more than 2,132,000 hogs. _

Mother’s Cook Book

Variety In Put-Up Lunches. The problem of school lunches for the mother who has this daily routine is one which needs study and planning. The sandwich, however good, attractive and in what variety, is not the whole idea of food for the lunch basket. The usual hard-boiled egg which is so frequent in the lunch, might be replaced by a cooked egg. finely chopped and well seasoned, put into a small jar with a screw cover. Other edibles of soft nature might be served in the same manner, such as potato or other salads, a little fresh fruit in season, : canned fruit, apple sauce cranberry or various custards. Coffee or lemon Jelly is a great favorite and.jindivldual cakes are more inviting and dainty than sliced from a loaf. When possible in school, especially in cool weather, a hot drink like cocoa, hot milk or a steaming hot soup is most satisfying. Barley Sponge Cake. Separate the whites from the yolks of four eggs. Beat the yolks and a tablespoonful of lemon juice and a cupful of sugar, a pinch of salt and a cupful of barley flour. Fold In; the whites of the eggs and bake in a slow o r en. i Spice Barley Cake. Take a half cupful of shortening, a cupful of sugar, a cupful of sour milk, j a teaspoonful each of cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg and allspice, one egg, a fourth, of a cupful of sliced citron, 2% cupfuls of barley flour, three teaspoonfuls of baking powder, a half teaspoonful of soda, dissolved in the sour milk, a cupful Of raisins and two tablespoonfuls of molasses. . Mix all together and bake in a moderate oven. Barley Doughnuts. Take a cupful of milk, a cupful of sugar, two eggs, four tablespoonfuls of melted shortening, a half teaspoonful of salt, a fourth of a teaspoonful of various spices, three teaspoonfuls of baking powder added’.to two cupfuls of barley flour, using more to mix and roll out, about five cupfuls in aIL Fry in deep fat as usual. Sprinkle with powderfed sugar and serve.