Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 254, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 10 November 1917 — Page 2

Every Man’s Duty Is to Back Government When It Has Acted

By William J. Bryan,

The right of free speech is still in existence, but the question before us now is not whether the right to ffiritiriiw the -government still exists but whether it is the duty of the citizen to exercise that right. In the case of a riot in the street the mayor has the right to forbid the citizens the use of the streets. In other words, the right of the community is placed above the right of the individual. The government has acted. Our Constitution ( gives congress alone the right to declare war, and congress,. as the only body in the land which can speak

for the people of the United States, declared war by an overwhelming vote. Before we entered, the war was a matter of opinion. Now a person who puts his opinion above this act, which has become law, makes the matter an act of anarchy alone. When the government has acted, it is the duty of every citizen to support the government in his every action and to be loyal to it. N o man should chance doing his country an injury simply because he wants to express himself. This war is long enough at its shortest. The quickest way out is straight through, and we can’t allow for one minute that ahy nation should think there is dissension among our people. The more anxious we are for peace the more loyally we should support the government as the quickest way to secure peace.

Men Have Been Blind to Opportunities to Be Found in Agricultural Pursuits

Eyes have been blinded to the magnitude of the opportunities afforded by the development of agricultural pursuits, due in great part to modern inventions having made easily possible the accumulation of wealth which has been gathered with but little heed as to how long the supply would last It has been done in our skimming way as we do many things — sip the froth without tasting the substantial. But the roots of humanity strike deep into the -earth and it is only now when the question of our very existence is automatically forced on us that we reflect upon the pos--Abilities of this endeavor. From time immemorial the farmer has been the vertebrae of all nations, and the countries who possess the wisdom of foresight have accorded him his rightful place. Countries which have turned their minds and attention to other pursuits are becoming cognizant that their life will be at stake if more effort is not directed toward agricultural development. The pendulum is swinging backward once more and farming will come into its own. Farming unlocks a thousand doors of opportunity. The days of pioneering are over. Trails have become roads; facilities for the transmission of intelligence are innumerable. »The development awaits the keen awakening to the modern necessities of sustenance. To the homeseeker, the man who wants a paradise, his own vine and fig tree, farming is replete with suggestions and there is no country better prepared to promote these suggestions and individual dreams than the United States. Millions of acres are going practically to waste, but the enormity of this available land should in no wise create an infamous reflection upon the quality and condition of the land, but rather construed as a derogation of the man who has been content to look afar for verdant fields without inspecting those about him.

Violent Shock of Explosions in Battle Has No Effect Whatever on the Weather

By C. F. Martin,

The violent shock and' the heat of explosions in battle have no effect whatever on the weather. All weather factors, temperature, precipitation and wind velocity, ultimately depend on the heating and cooling of the atmosphere. The idea that battles cause rains is very old. In the earlier times the rain was attributed to the clash of swords and sweat of soldiers, later to the noise of cannon and guns, then to the dust particles (smoke) caused by the burning of black powder, and now, by some, to the gases freed by the explosion of guncotton, etc. _________ Anyone at all familiar with the real cause of rain (the cooling of humid air by vertical convection) will see at once that it cannot be induced by noise, nor by the gaseous products of modern explosives. “ Furthermore, statistical studies show that the weather during years of war does not differ appreciably from the weather during years of peace.

British and American Women Co-operate to Do Their Part in Winning the War

By Mrs. Pember Reeves,

The appeal to the women of America, who love nothing better than to make their families comfortable and give them of the very best, brings home to us here almost more than anything else the extent to which the United States is entering the war. The knowledge that American women will reduce both their expenditures and the food consumed by their families will stimulate us women in the United Kingdom to see to it that we do our share, and more than our share in the common sacrifice. The foodstuffs saved by such means which have also to run the gantlet of submarines, will be regarded when they reach us as a very sacred treasure, There will be, I earnestly believe, no waste on our side of the water. Women of these islands will respond warmly to the efforts of the women of America and will never forget the good fellowship of it. They will do their part to win the war as surely as will the.men in the fighting forces. . -. . ■ “ .*< .

Former Secretary of State

By Warner M. Van Nordea,

Chief of the United States Weather Bureau

Member British Food Commission

New York Banker

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

STOP LOSS OF FERTILIZING MATERIALS

PROPER WAY TO APPLY MANURE TO SOIL.

(From the United States Department of 5. Agriculture.) Farmers are urged in a statement recently Issued by Assistant Secretary Carl Vrooman to make every effort to save the vast amount of valuable manure now allowed to go to waste in this country. Assistant Secretary Vrooman estimates that one-half the manure produced in the United States Is not used as a fertilizer, there being an annual loss of material worth $1,200.000,000 —once and a half the value of the country’s 1916 wheat crop. “This is not a wild guess,” he continues, “but a very shrewd and conservative estimate based on reliable statistics. It has been found that each horse or mule produces annually $27 worth of manure (as compared with commercial fertilizers), each head of cattle S2O worth, each hog $8 worth. Calculating from the 1910 census figures for nUmhefr of animals on farms —62,ooo.ooo'cattle, 24.000,000 horses and mules, 58,000,000 swine, and 54,500,000 sheep and goats—the total value of manure produced is found to be about $2,461,000,000. Recent investigations by the United States department of agriculture indicate that at least half of this great wealth of fertilizing material is wasted. In some good general farming sections not more than 15 per cent of the manure produced is used. Even in the most intensive dairy regions; where cows are largely stall fed and comparatively great care taken with the manure, the loss seems to be approximately 25 per cent. Job for American Farmer.

“Here, then, is a job for the American farmer, worthy of his utmost effort and in keeping with the spirit of this great hour in American history. To save a billion dollars’ worth of manure is a herculean task —a veritable latter-day Augean-stablg job, for it means the handling of literally millions of tons of dung and litter. It means the construction of concrete manure pits, of paved feeding pens or sheds, and greatly increased care in the conservation and use of bedding materials. It means a lot of w’ork, but it is work that can be done at odd hours and moments, and work that will pay tremendous dividends, not only as a war measure, but conceivably for all time, for if we once get the habit of making full use of our available manure supply we are not likely to lapse into the old, wasteful ways again. “The cheapest and best way to handle manure, when convenient, is to haul it to the field and spread it daily, or at least every two or three days. Tn this way, If plenty of bedding be used, practically all the valuable constituents of the manure are saved, since leaching after the manure is on arable land merely serves to put the fertilizing materials where they ought to be. In this way, too, loss through heating, or *fire-fanging,’ is avoided Ideal Manure Pits. <r —“Manyfarmers, however, are notso as to make it profitable for them io handle mapure in this way.

For such farmers the concrete manure pit offers an ideal way of saving manure. Such a pit need not entail great expense. A pit three feet deep, 12 feet long and six feet wide, with walls and floors five inches thick, will serve the needs of the average farm. In ground that does not cave in, only an inside form will be needed for such a pit. except where the concrete extends a few Inches above the ground to prevent flooding by surface water. The floor should be re-enforced with woven-wire fencing, put in after about two-inches of cement has been laid, the sections of fencing being cut long enough to bend up a few inchesat either end into the side walls. When the re-enforcing has been put in the remaining three inches of the floor is laid, and the forms for the side walls. set up and used immediately. Use4me part cement, two of sand, and four of screened gravel. A pit of this kind is large enough to hold the accumulation of manure on the average farm until such a time as it can be hauled conveniently to the field and spread. Another Good Way. “Another good way to save manure, especialin the case of hogs or of beef cattle, is to have a concrete paved feed lot. preferably under a shed roof. Where the farmer cannot afford a paved floor, a cheap open fencing shed

may be made to serve the purpose very well if abundant bedding is used to absorb the valuable liquid manure. In such a feeding lot or shed the manure Is allowed to gather under the feet of the animals, each day’s bedding being strewn over the well-tramped accumulation below. Some farmers using this, system arrange their feed racks so that they can be raised from time to time, making it possible to feed till several feet of solidly packed manure has accumulated under the shed. “The feeding shed serves the purpose of giving the general farm, or the beef-cattle farm, something of the advantage in the matter of manure saving held by the intensive dairy farm. It has been shown by farm manage-ment-surveys that the manure saved onthe American farm under present conditions is almost exactly proportional to the number of animals stall fed on the farm and that the manure of animals not stabled has very little effect on yields, except in cases where field crops are ‘hogged off* or otherwise pastured down r or where pasture is used in a rotation. World’s Champion Wasters. “This great war has brought home to us Americans, as It has never been emphasized before, the fact that we are the world's champion wasters. Without making any comparisons, and subject to correction if it can be shown that the facts are otherwise, I dare aver that our billion-dollar waste is the world’s greatest single economic leak —the prize waste of the champion wastrels. With commercial fertilizers scarce, and some of them almost unobtainable, it would seem well worth our while, in this juncture, even withoutany reference to war conditions-, to do everything within our power to stem this tide of loss, especially in consideration of the fact that stable manure is the best form of fertilizer known, and w’hen we consider further the possible effect of a billion dollars’ worth of manure upon ’i’orld production at this time when the solemn duty of saving the world from famine de“rbTves directly uponus—weH, the vital need for manure pits and feeding lots In this broad land of ours becomes pretty clearly apparent,”

SOUND SUGGESTIONS ON GRAFTING TREES

Man Who Is Expert and Can Make His Trees Live Can Build Up Orchard. ■ . —.. \ ■ The man who can do grafting and make his trees live can build up a fine orchard with very little expense for trees, after, once getting a few specl> mens of each variety of nursery bought trees to live, for most trees are benefited by liberal pruning, and some will be beiter if cut back to a point near the for the first Three or four years. Some trees are quite expensive, and It takes a lot of money to build up a large orchard of them. The more varied the assortment of trees In your orchard or yard, the more necessary it Is that you know 7 how to graft in an expert manner, for some of the trees, such as pear, Japanese persimmon and pecan, will befound more difficult to graft than others, and It takes an expert to get results with some of ■'them. It means much for the Improvement of our native and exotic fruit and nut trees that every gardener should be an expert* at grafting, for by this means he experiments by graftlng dlfferent species upon each other, thereby creating many new and valuable hybrids. It Is by expert grafting that all the delicious peaches, apples, pears, pecans and 1 other valuable fruits and_ nuts have been originated and improved. It is because Mr. Burbank is an expert “grafter” that he has been enabled 5 to accomplish such wonderful things in the creation of new fruits and vegetables and flowers. Most of trie early horticulturists did their grafting in the late winter, just before the buds began to swell, and as a result very iqany of the grafts never “took" and made trees, because of the unfavorable conditions —the continuance of cold weather. ■ t

GERMANS HAVE WAR MUSEUM

Valuable Works of Ancient Art Saved When French Buildings Were Destroyed by Raiders. Peronne, Bapaume, Lens, St. Quentin and other French towns in the path of the war, were noted for their many works of ancient art, and many of the most valued art treasures of France were in those cities. Wonder has been expressed as to what has become of these, ahd the question is answered in a magazine published in Germany, a stray copy of.-Which has somehow reached American bands. Most of the art objects could never be replaced, especially those in SL Quentin, where some of the most beautiful buildings were destroyed. “But" it seems that the Germans decided to save these art treasures and a long account is given in the magazine of the efforts made, even under fire, to pack and carry away a famous collection of pastels, numerous paintings of value and the wonderful painted glass of the Gothic cathedral. The question of housing these treasures was solved by taking them to Maubeuge and (here tearing down buildings and from the material erecting a museum in which the articles were put on display. There is a description of many of the historic productions and a general sense of satisfaction expressed that German culture had added them to the esthetic life of Germany, where, it was planned, they would eventually be taken. The complacent announcement is made that the museum is opened both to the military and the French public, “but it is principally designed for the recreation of the army, so that after hard days of toil they might find here an opportunity to refresh themselves. It is a museum that has been saved from the smoke and the ruins of the catastrophe. War and culture, which try to avoid each other, meet here,” it is said, “and they have been brought together by the artistic instincts of German barbarians.” This reference to barbarians is, of course, “writ sarcastic,” but it is to be noticed that the innumerable charges and proofs of barbarity are not met. Art products may be destroyed, but the proofs of Barbaric deeds will stand. —lndianapolis Star.

Write to Sammies.

It’s pathetic to see the eagerness with which the doughboys wait for letters from home, writes a war correspondent from France. One —would cheerfully trade a package of tobacco for a single sheet of paper with an American postmark —and he would not sell a package of tobacco for five francs at this writing! I_have seen him pay ten francs for a flve-centpack-age, but that was because a submarine sank the boat bringing his supply and he happened to be short temporarily. To’ all those girls who are adopting soldiers, I would suggest two letters a week, and regular contributions of tobacco. Captain Hull drew 44 letters. Six were from his wife, one from his flve-year-old son, and 37 were from mothers of boys in his company. They wanted to know why Jimmie didn’t write; and would the captain please take good care of him and see that he didn’t get bis feet wet? And was the food all right? because Jimmy had been raised a pet. They know how busy the captain must be- with so many to look after, but if he would only watch over Jimmy a mother’s prayers would go up to the Heavenly Father for him every night. ?•

Is a Mere Memory Now.

Staid granddads of today can likely hark back to the supreme joy of early youth when they first donned a pair of copper-toed boots, some three-score years ago. " It Is interesting to learn, from a writer in the Toronto Star, that their inception was due to a Canadian, one Newman Silverthorne, whose brain was quickened in this direction by his own exigencies in tramping through wild country. Naturally, boot manufacturers did not wax enthusiastic over an innovation that lengthened the life of their wares at such a small extra cost, and It was only by his own exertions, in advertising that he created a market for a production that received the benedlction of many paterfamHtaS.though his exclusive enjoyment of the patent lasted but six years, and was Then promptly shelved by the manufacturers. Mr. Silverthorne is still enjoying a green old age, under the loving care of a daughter.

Lost Wife From Motor Car.

For four hours the police of Seattle, Wash., searched for Mrs. B. S. Eberhart of that city, whom her husband reported as having been lost from the rear seat of their motor car as they were driving in the outskirts of Seattle. The search was ended by the appearance of llrs. Eberhart herself, and then the man remembered having stopped his car near a park to make some needed repairs. While he la,bored under the machine without his knowledge his wife had strolled Into the woods. When she returned to the road she only saw a trail of dust where her husband was vanishing in the direction of home. She returned to town on a trolley—and there the story as told by Seattle papers ends.

But He Never Will.

“No, my husband never talks his business affairs over with me. One of his favorite expressions Is that he always leaves his business at the office. “That’s the way with my husband. He ■always leaves his business at the office, too. Now, there’s just one thing I wish he would learn to do." “What’S that?" “Leave his golf on the links."

ONE-TIME PIRATES

Esthonian Outrages Enkindled; Wrath of Danish Kings. Records Show They Were Regarded as a Daring, Predatory People of the Baltic. The Esthonlans, who constitute fourfifths of the population of the Russian Baltic province of Esthonia, which lies between Riga and Petrograd, are the subject of a bulletin issued by the National Geographic society from its Washington headquarters:.. “Like the Finns, to whom they are closely related, the Esthonians or Esths, a race numbering 1,000,000 people, more than 400,000 of whom reside in Esthonia, retain many characteristics which bespeak their Mongolian origin. They are long-armed and shortlegged, have broad face and low brows, are usually beardless and have oblique eyes.

“The first record of the Esths in Europe reveals them as a daring, predatory people of the Baltic whose piratic outrages enkindled the wrath of Danish kings as early as the twelfth century. In 1104 and 1196 Canute VI sent a strong expedition against them' and forced a number of the lawless bands to accept Christianity and allow themselves to be baptized. Hardly had the warlike proselyters left -the Esthonian shores, however, than the inhabitants reverted to barbarism and their heathen practices. A quarter of a century later Waldemar II was more successful. He subjugated the northern portion of the land and brought the inhabitants under submission to the Danish crown. It was never al willing submission, however, and for more than 100 years the inhabitants gave their conquerors endless trouble until 1343 Waldemar IV decided that they were ‘not worth the bother,’ so. he sold his Interest in the rebels and in their land to the Knights of the Sword, who were gradually spreading their net of power northward from Teutonic, lands. “For more than 500 years thereafter the lot of the Esthonians was virtually that of serfdom under their German landowners. “In the sixteenth century both the nobles and the fortified towns of Esthonia placed thenaselves under the protection of the Swedish crown, but they: were forced to acknowledge a new master after Peter the Great’s successful wars against Charles XII. “For the last thirty years the Russian imperial government has been making systematic efforts to abolish the Esthonian language, to which the people have clung tenaciously. Harsh regulations as to the use of the language In the schools have not served t« wean the people from their language, however. One characteristic which has served to preserve the Esth language through the centuries han been the people’s love for poetry, and they have rare natural gift for versi- • ficatlqn. “The Orthodox Greek church of RusSia also has conducted an active program in Esthonia, but according to the latest religious census 96 per cent of the Inhabitants are still Lutherans.”

First Aid to Marriage.

Of what use is a diamond, anyway? Conservationists who are for cutting out all extravagance during the war are asking the question, says the Kansas CH ty. Star. The answer, based upon statistics furnished by jewelers, seems to be that the diamond Is most valuable as an aid to marriage. It is said that the tradfe, in diamonds goes up or down In ratio with Increasing or decreasing numbers of marriages. This Is because the diamond Is used so much as the setting in engagement rings,~>- * Last year the United States imported $34,000,000 worth of diamonds, an Increase of 70 per cent: over 1915 and 110 per cent over 1914. Looking into this startling growth; of the diamond trade it was discovered that, according to leading importers, "every girl expects a real diamond In pledge Of plighted troth these days, and the growth of that coupled with good times and an increase in the number of marriages, accounts for it."

Meteors From the Moon.

Taking up an old theory of meteors, Emile Belot, French astronomer, has attempted to demonstrate that these bodies may have resulted from volcanic eruptions on the moon and other satellites of the solar system’s planets. He finds that an initial velocity of projection comparable to that which has been observed in the eruption of Cotopaxi and only twice as great as that developed in artillery of the present war would be sufficient to carry a body free from the moon and he has made calculations of the speed of projection and other conditions that would cause such a body to become a satellite of the moon, of the earth, or of the sum. _

Suggests a Hilarious Finish.

Most hilarious and mirthful would be the ending of the war under the scheme of a Henniker (N. H.) humanitarian. He would have all the Germans, the kaiser included, laugh themselves to ileath, says the Boston Journal. ' A Briefly, the scheme is to spill a new kind of laughing gas, which the writer says he has invented, all over the German forces. The gas, according to the plan, can be carried over the German trenches in airplanes and dropped.