Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 245, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 31 October 1917 — Page 2

Where Croesus Cashed. His Checks

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Nowadays, when everyone is adjured to every spare dollar for the rainy day, it is interesting to know how rich and poor of ancient times conducted their banks and banking

fVER since man began to collect gold and jewels he.has been engaged in designing and building strong boxes In which to keep them safely. Designing persons are always trying to secure what does not rightfully belong to them and there never has been a relaxation from the efforts to keep valuables from the reach of such unscrupulous persons. The result of the thousands of years of such efforts Is the modern safe deposit vaults. The history of man’s efforts to retain possession of the gold and jewels he had accumulated is romantic and fascinating, from the time when he used to bury them to the present day. A local trust company has issued an attractively Illustrated account of these efforts, which was gotten up for it and copyrighted by a Boston printing company. By their courtesy the following has been prepared: That burying treasure was once the ordinary method of concealment is indicated by such references as. appear In the thirteenth chapter of St. Matthew: “The kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field.” Syria and other eastern countries are said to be full of treasure burled before battles and never dug up. No one can estimate the world’s burled treasure. As soon as America was discovered It was overrun with Spanish adventurers attracted by stories of the burled treasure of the South American Indians. The aborigines of Columbia, the Chibchas, built mounds in memory of their dead and filled them with sacrificial stores of gold and jewels. The invaders secured Immense booty from these mounds, and It Is said that one chief gave up treasure worth SIB,OOO, another $20,000 worth in gold strips and still another $05,000 worth of emeralds and gold. But It was the booty from thd sacred lake of Guatavita that the Spaniards most desired. At the great religious festivals on this lake It is said that offerings of gold, silver and gems were thrown Into the water to appease the serpent reputed to dwell at the bottom. Although various efforts were made by Spaniards to drain the lake and secure the gold and gems it was not until seventeen years ago that an English company secured leased rights from Colombia and succeeded in draining off the water. It has been estimated that there are on tire bottom of the lake 120.000,000 pounds of gold, however correct that may. be. Many thousand dollars’ worth already have been recovered. Odd Hiding Places. Stories are told of other treasures hidden and never recovered. Including the $15,000,000 national treasure of Peru, then it Is pointed out that gradually man became aware that better protection ifiust be afforded. The Egyptians concealed much in the soft walls and floors of their houses, probably to outwit the tax gatherers, who called not Infrequently. The Egyptians had wooden chests for clothing and family treasures, but they used them little for keeping gold and jewels. In Egypt the church and state were Identical, and the crown jewels and public revenue, as well as the sacrificial offerings, were kept in the wellbuilt treasure houses within the temples, the only buildings in the country erected with durable materials. The earliest public treasury of which there.. Is public record belonged to Rameses ILL wJio is reputed to have reigned &■ It’ large stone affmr and treasure was kept In clay vases with covers In the form of human heads. Among the temples with secret crypts was the one of granite, at Edfu. Keys recently found In the ruins at Thebes with straight shanks five Inches long and a bar at right angles with three teeth prove that the Egyptians were familiar with certain principles of lock-making until lately supposed to be modern Ideas; it is evident that they used tumblers to hold the bolt fast until moved by the key. Keys were first designed only to move the bolt and were not removable. The first mention of a key to be taken from a lock occurs In Judges, 3:23-25; used to fasten the summer parlor of Eglon, king of Moab. . , Treasuries of Greek temples still stand. The oldest and tne one best preserved is at the oracle of Delphi,

WORSE THAN AUSTRIAN FOE

Soldiers Fighting in the Alps Find the Snow and Sun Their Worst Enemies. .The ItaUans holding down trenches In the Alps have two enemies to deal with, the Austrians and the snow. Of the two the Italians prefer to encounter the Austrians. As It is, they have to face both and get along as best they can, says Popular Science Monthly. In order to do this thqy supply

built in 655 8.. C. It guarded the gifts brought to the shrine. The state treasury of Athens was in the Oplsthodomos. a chamber in the back part of the Parthenon, separated from the rest of the temple by heavy bronze doors. Once in four years inventories were taken of the contents of the treasure house. In 431 B. C. Pericles said that there were 6000 tons of coined money on the Acropolis. Savings in “Thrift” Boxes. Arrangements for guarding the treasure In the sanctuary of Apollo at Delos were absurdly inadequate in the earliest days. The Greek word for thief, toikorukos, means one who digs through the wall, suggests that - premeditated burglary was not uncommon. Chests were the depositaries for valuables among the Greeks. Often they were very elaborate. The Romans evidently made considerable progress towards security, their locks being more efficient than any known to the Greeks. The Roman strong boxes excavated at Pompeii show that they were often of wood. Iron bound, and fastened to a block of granite by rods. In Rome, as In Egypt and in Greece, the public funds were placed in temples for safe keeping. The state treasury of Rome, the Aeararium, was in the temple of Saturn. From Roman days to the present century the poor kept their savings in small “thrift” boxes — receptacles of pottery holding from a pint to a quart with only one opening, a small slot. Savings could not be removed without breaking the receptacle. These pottery receptacles often took on odd shapes, pigs, cats, fish, etc. Modifications of the Roman strong box were used as treasure chests in all the countries of Europe during the middle ages and down into the last oorp'iry. Puzzle locks were one of the developments of early days. When banking started in Florence in the thirteenth century and large sums of money began to be accumulated by the money lenders safeguarding of valuables became more Imperative. Necessity began invention and gradually, through the centuries, progress has been made toward safe-locking devices and veritable strongholds in which to keep gold, silver and all valuables. Yet at the beginning of the nineteenth century strong boxes were not much more secure than those of several centuries before, though they looked mpre formidable with spikesJind iron-bamis. serious attempt had been made to secure fireproofing, but the Increase In paper money, bonds and stocks and other evidences of Indebtedness written on paper made progress In fireproofing essential. The first attempt to secure real fireproof safes took place in France, where they were made with double walls, the space between being filled with non-conducting materials? The First Safe Deposit Vaults. Successful burglaries and great conflagrations gave impetus t<T making safes stronger and brought about the first safe deposit vaults. It was a battle royal between burglars and safe and vault makers for years, but now the latter seem to have completely overcome the burglars. The highest skill of the safe maker Is now devoted to making strong rooms or safe deposit vaults for banks, says the pamphlet. The early? vaults were merely rooms of brick Or masonry fitted with a safe door of large dimensions. The next step was to line these rooms with metal. Such

themselves with gunpowder and rifles for the Austrians and black grease and glasses for the sun. A recent photograph shows four members of an Italian scouting party about to partake of their-midday meal. Their faces and hands are besmeared with black grease to protect them them against the burning rays of the sun, which are doubly strong when reflected from the snow. They prefer to use vaseline, but that is too expensive. The snow not only burns the faces of troops, but it injures their

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. RENSSELAER. IND.

vaults were possessed by many banks. The first public safe deposit vaults in the United States were built in 1865 for Col. Francis H. and were located at 140-2 Broadway, New York. The lowest rental charged for these vaults was S2O a year. Two years later Col. Henry Lee built the Union safe deposit vaults, the first of their kind in Boston, at 40 J> State street. In 1871 there were six* safe deposit companies in the country. At first only a small part of the public appreciated its need for the protection offered by these fireproof vaults. , But the great Boston fire of 1872 proved an impressive object lesson. Guarded by troops, the Union safe deposit vaults 5 were a center of excitement. Frantic box-hohlers. alarmed by the annihilation of property on every side, had to be forcibly restrained from taking possession of their valuables. After the fire was over it was found that properly constructed vaults preserved their contents unharmed, while safes of the very best make could offer no effectual resistance to the fire. This conclusion has been confirmed by every great fire, notably the fires of Baltimore and San Francisco. The structural strength of safe deposit vaults has been gradually increased to a point exceeding all possible demands upon it. A vault made of solid plates of manganese several inches thick and nine feet square, so hard that it cannot be once it is cast, is encased in a concrete wall two feet thick. The vault rests Upon a foundation especially prepared for it and is usually so constructed as to be entirely separate from the walls, floor and ceiling of the building In which it stands, so that it may be patrolled on all sides by watchmen who are on duty day and night. The structure of steel has thick double doors with complicated locks of which only one person knows the secret, or the secret may be divided between two or more persons, no one having the entire combination. The inner door is provided with a lock set on different combination from the outer and known only to another person or set of persons, and this will work only upon the running down of a clockwork mechanism at a certain prearranged time. Thus at least two responsible persons are required to open the vault, and they cannot do It between time of closing and that set for opening. The time lock obviates the possibility of a person being compelled by burglars to open the vault, and its construction also prevents the insertion of an explosive. During business hours these heavy double doors stand open, and an inner door or gate of light grilled construction is used. The inside walls of the vault are lined with steel compartments of various |Jzes. To gain access to one of the boxes kept in thesb compartments two keys are needed. The custodian has a key which must be turned' in the lock before key of the tenant will open it. The key to each compartment is different, Thul no tenant can open any box but his own, nor even that without the assistance of the person in charge. No tenant can enter the vaults or gain access to his own rented compartment- without being accompanied "by the custodian. In addition to these safeguards, efficient bufglar alarms are provided which give Immediate notice of any tampering with the vault.

eyes, so that sun glasses nave to be worn. Needless to say, the black grease and the sun glasses make the Italians excellent targets against e background of white snow. However, the Alpine Italian troops do not always use grease and 1 sur glasses. When there is hot fighting to be done in the Alps, they don snowwhite suits and even paint their rifles white. In such a uniform they are practically invisible. Never joke a man about his salary.

Clothes of Many Colors Are Offered

New York.—These are stirring times in clothes. The manufacturers and shops have prepared for a rush season. It Is their own expression that they are actually scrambling for a supply to meet the demand. The French gowns are here. New American gowns are not only exploited, but tremendously admired ami approved. The effects of those who have taken the. French silhouette and built gowns in their own workrooms, made of American materials, should be commended in an entire chapter. Some of the best houses in this country have tried out, experienced designers and colorists In producing several hundred gowns that are first cousins to the French in that they express the adopted Paris lines. Each of the designers gives full tribute to the fact that Paris has laid down the laws for the season; but every designer boasts with honest pride that the clothes are the product of American study and workmanship. In every case, the houses that showed these American gowns called upon their experienced French workers to produce them, and the only ones that were successful were the gowns that had been given Into the .hands of those who had studied the Paris methods with reverence and earnestness. The result was that the clientele of these houses saw extraordinarily good drapgry, the combination of alluring colors and an excellence in tailored suits that we are led to believe is purely American. The Colors That Prevail. The silhouette has been established. Every woman now knows that her skirt is to be narrow 7 and her coat long or short, provided it clings to the figure. She knows that top coats are as important as frocks and that some of the. best tailors offer only sport suits and top coats to wear over thin one-piece gowns. She also knows that soft materials take precedence over stiff ones; but she has not exactly classified the various colors, fabrics and accessories .that she must accept or avoid. These are vastly important matters to the average shopper. True, there is a class of women who go to expensive houses that handle only a few of the most fashionable pieces of apparel and offer nothing that cap lead one into the wrong path; but this class remains an exclusive one, and what they do or do not do is not al-ways-a guide to the mass of women who must fight out the battle of clothes in their own way and to whom victory is vital. Take colors. Who does not feel perplexed and confused on entering a shop where hundreds of colors are dashed upon the vision and offered as the latest thing? One feels that a gigantic kaleidoscope has been run before the eyes'. The brain refuses

The material in thia evening gown la heavy brocaded satin, the odd bodice in dark blue with a girdle of pale gold dotted with jet beads. Skirt of pale gold with flowers in blue, gold and black.

to work. The judgment is suspended. One goes out of -the shop with a fueling that it is futile to try to buy clothes and with a desire to let the season slide. » It is this discouragement that assails three-quarters of the women who go out to get their new apparel, so let them be guided by the fact that not many colors are really In fashion, and not many are available for the woman who has not many social opportunities to display a variety of clothes. To begin at the beginning of the color scheme: Midnight blue holds its own. ’. Black Is in demand by those who want to dress well In the afternoon and evening, but It does not hold a high place for street suits or frocks. Dark Green Rivals Blue. . J Dark green is a serious rival to dark blue, and the French dressmakers Who exploited it last year are now reaping a reward because the public

is accepting it. Know yourself well, however, before touching any tone of green, if you’re picturesque, you can wear it in any one of the shades that are variously known as jade, Egyp» tian and lettuce. The woman who can wear jade clothes and jewelry has a successful season before her, for many of the best materials are woven In this alluring but difficult tone, and the Oriental shops are filled with bits of fine jade made into earrings, hair combs and necklaces. There are fans of peacock feathers sticks and also buckles of the Chinese quartz for slippers. Soft gold-tissue gowns are embroidered with jade beads, in the Byzantine fashion. Red flickers through the color scheme or bursts upon the vision like the flame from the artillery at the

Thia Helmet of Navarre is made of tete de negre velvet, with visor faced with white satin. It is trimmed with two large silver buckles.

front. It is against the accepted psychology that the colors of war should be exploited while war is on. It is better to be sane than foolish when one approaches the subject of red in clothes. The scarlet danger sign should be put over all the counters where red fabrics ate placed, and it should be worn by the mannequin who parades in a red gown. It is the color of conflict; it is not the color of peace. The woman who can wear it well is thrice blessed, sartorially speaking, and she. is apart from her neighbors, because she Is a rare type.

None of this applies to dark red. No danger sign is needed against the rich wine surface that brings out what is best in a woman’s complexion and eyes. These well-known burgundy shades are offered. They come in duvetyn, serge, satin, velvet and and Rodier’s weave of the so-called Bolivia cloth, which the American weavers are Imitating in a successful way. An Epidemic of Gray.

The world has gone, on for a century or two feeling that gray is the tone of sadness and that its Quakerish ugliness must be avoided. It has been •a difficult Color for decades. Women have adopted it only when the silver sheen on its surface made it possible. This season, however, all doubts are dispersed by the superior tones which the dyers have imparted to the various fabrics grouped under the elastic, name of gray. There is moonlight gray, which mtjy spell peace, but it is in close proximity to artillery gray, which stands for death. There is the gray of granite and the gray of London smoke. There is the gray of a New England sea mist, and there is the tone that one gets from the glitter of cut steel. These grays are not used alone this season. They are combined with horizon and Chinese blue, with jade and Egyptian green, with incendie red, Mandarin yellow and amethyst purple. The silver gray tissues are loaded with rhinestone, Jet, cut steel and periwinkle blue beads. An artistic dressmaker can do anything she pleases with gray today. She regards it as a neutral foundation for whatever color scheme, Florentine or Futuristic, that she cares to work out on its surface.

Serge is good, if it is soft; otherwise, it should be barred. The fundamental thing is to get the fabric that clings to the figure. All others must be put on the opposite side of the scale. Nothing must have any chance to flare. Even though the bustle is an accepted fashion —and by the way, it is an American production that has met with an unusual success —it must be arranged in a soft fabric that merely drapes itself over the end of the spine and does not show any ambition to project Itself into space. (Copyright, 1917, by the McClure Newspa. per Syndicate.)

Squirrel Popular.

The winter furs will show much dyed Squirrel. One exquisite full 'length coat Is in gray squirrel, in excellent soft tones, while as collar and cuffs' are gray fox so well blended that there is scarcely any variance in the two furs. v ""

WAS ALL RUN DOWN Faulty Kidneys Caused Acute Suffering. Completely Recovered Since Using Doan’s. Mrs. Harry A. Lyon, 5 St. William St., S. Boston, Mass., says: “Doan’s Kidney Pills have surely done me .wonderful good. About two months prior to the birth of my baby, I had two convulsions and was taken to a hospital. Doctors said the convulsions were due to my kidneys not g working properly. W jR “I had swelling of F\rthe feet and ankles \c~ /Jr so that I had to wear large - sized slippers. My back ached intensely, I was ne’Fv- LiOR. ous and unable to sleep. I also suffered from awful headaches and felt weak, tired, languid, and run down; “After I came home a friend suggested that I try Doan’s Kidney Pills, and I got some. I soon noticed improvement; my back became stronger and I felt better in every way. I kept on taking Doan’s and was cured. They are surely reliable.” Mrs. Lyon gave the above statement In May, 1915, and on March 12, 1917, she said: “My cure has lasted. I take Doan’s occasionally, however, as a strengthener for my kidneys." - Get Doan’s at Any Store, SOc a Box DOAN’S FOSTER-MILBURN CO., BUFFALO, N. Y.

WlfnilAin I* no more necessary I VPLinin than Smallpox. Army I S inUIU experience bxs demonstrated " ■ ■ w ■ er a j most miraculous efficacy, and harmlexsnesi, of Antityphoid Vacclnatlcn. Be vaccinated NOW by your physician, you and your family. It Is more vital than house Insurance. Ask your physician, druggist, or send for Have you bad Typhoid?” telling of Typhoid Vaccine, results from use, and danger from Typhoid Carriers. Producing Vaccines and Serums under U. 8. License The Cutter Laboratory, Berkeley, Cal.. Chicago, HL K. —"t, ARKER . B M hair balsam A toilet preparation of merit. Helps to eradicate dandruff. -SjM For Restoring Color ana —Beauty to Gray or Faded Hair. 60c. and tI.OO at Druggists. CD c C to all sufferers of catarrh, hay-fever, asthma rnCC bronchitis, lung-trouble, ecxema, salt-rheum old sores, piles, can of Dr. Nardine’s never failing, remedy. BAttUISS HXDICAL CO., !•«., JOIISSOS UTX.S.K

Luck.

“Are you superstitious ?” “I believe some men are luckier than* others. But I never in my life met one who would own up that he was lucky. So what’s the difference?”

How’s This?

W« offer SIOO.OO for any case of catarrh that cannot be cured by HALL SCATARRH MEDICINE. „ . 'HALL’S CATARRH MEDICINE la taken Internally and acts through the Bloo® on the Mucous Surfaces of the System. Sold by druggists for over forty year*. Prioe 75c. Testimonials free. F. J. Cheney & Co., Toledo, Ohio.

How the Airmen Fight.

The pitfalls and dangers which an aviator must avlod at the front are becoming more numerous every day. Anti-aircraft guns mounted on fast motor cars, chase around the country behind the lines and prevent the ene- , my airplanes and Zeppelins from remaining over our territory. This typeof battery was responsible for the Zeppelins brought down at Compelgne in> April, 1917, and Revigny, in Aprll--1916. In fact, this Invention was oneof the immediate causes of the Germans giving up their “strafing” with Zeppelins. The record for distance and height in hitting an airplane with thls> type of cannon is 15,000 feet in theair at 9,000 yards’ distance across country. A very large crew is required to man one of these cannon. Besides the cannon a telephonist gets the report of the position over whichthe German machine is flying. —Carrol) 1 Dana Winslow, in Scribner’s Magazine.

Quite True.

“Would you consider marriage to a count these days?” “Oh, yes,” replied the American heiress. “Some of those foreign noblemen have behaved gallantly in th® trenches.” “So they have.” “And after a man has proved himself a hero, the public is willing t» overlook his disinclination to work.”

The fewer creditors a man has th® easier it is for him to look the world In the face.

k Ikstant Postom *| | Item. 3 I K c CEREAL S hstam Cereal Company I _ Bma CHU, ** woawT OM A THERE 5 NO DOUBT ABOUT POSTUM ASA HEALTH IMPROVEMENT OVER COFEEE