Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 233, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 17 October 1917 — Page 2

The Giant Battleplane Comind Soon

chine with3,soohorse ■ power motors, sacrtficing Mgh speed to great carryingpower: : United States will develop science along similar lines at once

THOUSAND gigantic M Warplanes, aircraft with .a wing spread of more feet, each carrying a crew of three men and 2.750 pounds of. bombs, rising at night from airdromes along England’s east coast; a ~ flight commander for each 25 marshaling his raiders into the VKhaped formation In which wild geese travel on the wing: and then u swift flight*across the 275 miles that separate the nearest point of the English coast from the famous Kiel canal, the rush of dropping bombs, the crash of explosions on the earth beneath, the crack of antiaircraft guns. a,nd the flash of antiaircraft searchlights, and then a turn-about and a dash for home, with the Kiel canal and the German fleet a ruin and a wreckage in the rear! , This is the picture which Henry Moodhouse, one of the governors of the Aero Club of America has visioned from an inspection of the photograph and the engineering prints of the new (JOO-horse power Caproni triplane. The craft is the biggest yet employed by Germany or the. allies, and yet it is less than a fifth as big as the machind which Italy has under construction, and of which all details are concealed, except that it is to have motors generating between 3,000 and 3,500 horse power. One-half the size of this monster, an airplane driven Jby_thrt® motors, each of 600 horse power, is al---ready--constructed, and news of its operation against Italy’s Austrian foes is expected daily. Italy is new at the business of aviation. Two years ago she had fewer

than 100 men employed in the industry. Today she has thousands and, on the authority of Howard E. Coffin, chairman of the” aircraft production board, Italy has outdistanced her enemies and her allies In developing new types of aircraft. Maj. R. Perfetti, head of the special Italian commission for aeronautics in the United States, is art ardent advocate of the huge warplane and accounts which he has been able to supply this government of Italian success in this kind of construction have done much to divorce aerial experts here from their allegiance to the small, light type of craft for the single fighter. The extra weight-carrying capacity of the great machines is the especial argument in their favor and could a thousand such ds the Caproni be constructed. manned, armed and loaded with bombs, aviation experts cannot see why the dream of destroying the Kiel canal and the German fleet might not be realized, were the entire thousand to combine in a single raid. The present 600-horse power Caproni Is n triplane with two fuselages or bodies and driven by three Fiat or Isotta-Fraschini motors, any one of which has sufficient power to keep the craft afloat even were the others to be disabled. The machine is of both the tractor and pusher type, for two propellers are mounted in front and one In the rear. The plane carries a socalled useful load of 4.408 pounds which assures fuel for six hours, together with a crew of three men. three guns, and 2.750 pounds of bombs. It has a speed of.close to 85 miles an hour and is capable of climbing 3,250 feet in 13 minutes, 6,500 feet in 27 minutes, and 10,000 feet in 57 minutes.

This seems slow In comparison to the Spads which climb 10.1MX) feet in five minutes or less, but a Spad is simply a flying —motor with sustaining strength barely sufficient to support the aviator and a gun. The Caproni is e* big as a trolley car. Its wing span Is more than 100 feet. It stands 21 ! /e-t in the air and it is nearly 50 feet only aircraft which compares wftk It In is the British Handly* Fygy mtfemr. which, sift two ISO-1 hem pnwrw JtoUs-Ec’y*-* nwor*. earrfcaf 27. Ramywgrv*. asd ha* a wing ayrtM es SB feet. surf the Cwtfsi and fTßsartrr amuMWens ma4e •« "fas* frr- -Th* ■ i*ug»- CnrtSm trip**®* afr crutanr. rh.*h it ws* 3e» ■ rhe war ftnrhMf 't&wugirjt of into wffcer dbumaMdß. ja a UH sy *» a |

Repeated Father's Remarks.

Father-—“ The Mea U furar railing i yowr teacher a BOJaanre. What do you | mean. sJrT' Tommy—“ Well, that’s what you call me whett I a>* questions, an’ teacher don’t do nothin’ eise." — Boston Transcript

Jewish Custom.

< In Jewish marriages the woman is always placed to-the right of her mate. With every other nation of the world ■her plage In -be ceremony U on the

long-distance bomb-carrying machine, for its boat body could be dropped and Its weight-carrying ability increased thereby. The new three-motored Gallaudet seaplane also enters the category of long-distance raiding machines and is suitable for either bomb dropping or torpedo launching. Other American manufacturers an? at work on giant models, but as details of these have not been announced. Long-distance bombing raids are by no means a novelty, but they have always been conducted with only a few airplanes of limited carrying capacity, which carried only a few hundred pounds of bombs besides the fuel needed for the journey.

Among the historic bombing raids for several reasons is the raid on Carslruhe on June 15,. 1915. It was conducted by 23 twin-motored Caudron machines, in charge of Captain de Kerlllis, and dropped close to 50 large bombs on Carlsruhe. Three of the machines did not return —they had to land and were captured. Tut the damage to Carlsruhe was serious. In the very first bombardment of Sofia on April 21, 1916, a single aviator started from Salouiki, ilew to Sofia, dropped four bombs and proclamations announcing the capture of Trebizond, and returned to Salonlki. This exploit was repeated by single aviators from time to time; then on September 15, 1916, it was repeated by four aviators who left Salonlki at 6:20 and arrived over Sofia at 8:40. They dropped their bombs, many of which were effective, and returned. They had crossed the Balkan mountains at 6,000 feet without trouble, and had accomplished what an army could not have done. The only limitation was that the airplanes were too few in number to win a decisive victory. In every raid in the Balkans only four or five airplanes participated. Among the most remarkable longdistance bombing expeditions were the raids on Essen and Munich by Captain de Beauchamp and Lieutenant Dancourt on September 24 and November 18, 1916, which have been repeated since by other aviators. The raid on Ludwigshafen, accomplished on May 27, 1915. in which 18 airplanes took part, also involved a flight of about 400 miles. It was conducted successfully, and only one airplane was forced to land and subiuk to capture. An- ' other classic was the bombing raid on the Mauser works at Oberndoyf on October 12, 1916. in which a French bombing squadron and a British bombing squadron participated, escorted by Lafayette Flying corps fighters. These are only a few of scores of such raids. In all these raids the aviators had to fly from five to seven hours continuously under most trying conditions, having to protect themselves with insufficient arms. A night raid in large, wellarmed warplanes would be easy in comparison—and much safer. —Darkness facilitates airplane work at close range because the aviator can fly closer to his target with little increased danger of counter-attacks but i with largely augmented effectiveness. ! Surprise is made more possible and half of the attack may be accomplished before enemy searchlights can locate the raiders as targets for the antiaircraft guns. In a raid of 1,600 ftr more giant airplanes the task of the defenders would be rendered increasingly difficult beyond all proportion to the difficulty now experienced in reptffihg raids of a few flyers. The ♦earcfcHghts and antiaircraft gun* would be made the object of attack and largely incapacitated. Th* risk of discovery in night at razfc* mold be reduced further. ac-

Tbkritt.

Ml In gin"*- and greed are to be abhorred. They are at the one extreme, while profligacy and carelessness are ni the other. The goiden mean of saving thrift is to be found half-way between.

Transmitting Tuberculosis.

—After a. long investigation, aFrench scientist has declared that tuberculosis can be transmitted by ihe perspiration of a person afflicted with the disease, the germs passing through the pores.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, dRENSSELAER. IND, n

cording to experts, by the use of silencers on airplane motors. At present the roaring whirr of the motor can be heard for hundreds of feet and almost the slightest hum of a motor can be picked up by the powerful microphones with which all of the combatants are equipped and which magnify the slightest sound. Silencers are not used because of the weight they add to an aTrcraTtybut some experts contend that this weight is more than counter-bal-anced at present by the excess fuel which machines must carry to enable them to fly high and to maneuver to avoid detection as long as possible. - Progress has been made in the art of aiming and dropping bombs tb the point where accuracy can be assured in night work; According to statistics gathered by Mr. Woodhouse, the bombs now most in use are bombs of 16 pounds weight, 56 pounds, 100 pounds and 112 pounds, with a few of 500 pounds or more. Says Mr. Woodhouse: “Bomb dropping from heights can only be approximately accurate. It can be made more accurate by the employment of efficient bomb sights. A few of the older aviators have learned by long practice to drop bombs accurately without sights, but as a general rule, one can be more accurate with the sight than without it.”

One difficulty remains in the use of airplanes by night and the inventive faculties of the combatants, spurred on by the exigencies of the war, are rapidly overcoming this. The problem is to provide light for flying operations and for marking aircraft in flight. In England, in the early days of Zeppelin raids, the casualties resulting to pilots who went up at night to attack Zeppelins were very high because of two things: the insufficient number and badly lighted landing places and the lack of lighting devices on the machines. On one occasion 15 pilots went up and 12 had accidents on landing. But these conditions have been changed. A pilot who finds himself in trouble aloft and compelled to landthas only to fire his Verys pistol to have at least one aerodrome within gliding distance brilliantly illuminated so that he may land in safety. In addition to the Verys pistol night flying craft are equipped with a parachute flare which is fired electrically from the pilot’s seat. On release the flare falls a couple of hundred feet, unfolds and floats downward, casting a brilliant light over the expanse of about a quarter of a mile.

Holt’s landing lights are another device employed. These are fastened beneath the wings, which aid in reflecting the light downward when they have been ignited electrically. Electric headlights similar to motor car headlights are also used, and night flying machines now have navigation lights, comprising a tail light and a light on each wing tip showing white ahead, green on the starboard, and red on the port side. Power for these lights is generated in a small dynamo driven by a miniature propeller.— With these devices to aid night flying. experts here look forward to the time when raids may be made on the German fleet and submarine bases by big squadrons of giant machines, and the. opinion is gaining strength that in such raids lies the solution of the present U-boat peril.—New York Times.

Billy—My farver’s a sportin’ prophet, but 'e don’t much money. ’E ’ardly ever spots a winner. Jjmmy (proudly)—-My pa’s a prophet. too. He’s a weather prophet, and spots the winner every time. He always prophesies a bad summer. —London Sketch.

Evidently Not.

"What is the attitude of her relatives toward Mr. Lasserby?” “They ♦are quite indifferent to him.’’ “Well 1 Well! And I’ve been thinking all along that he was a rich man.”—-Birmingham AgeHerald.

Old Roman Superstition.

It was a Roman, custom to hang beads of red coral on the cradle of infants and round their necks to “preserve and. teeth” and save them from the “fulling sickness."

Soft

HOME TOWN HELPS

TOWNS IN ENGLAND PLANNED Garden Cities Show What Can Be Accomplished by Carefully Laying Out Site Before Building. In the garden cities of England, such as Letchworth and Hampstead, the site of the town was purchased by a company and the town was laid out as a whole with reservations for public and semi-public buildings, parks, playgrounds and civic centers. The location of factories, business houses and stations was designated and the sites of the residences were carefully planned. The result has been highly gratifying from every point of view. The convenience and comfort of the citizens have been promoted, a high degree of beauty has been obtained and the health of the communities has become far famed. When these garden cities are compared with the towns that have grown up without planning the value of town planning becomes evident. In one the needs of community life are recognized and provided for: in the other the community is ignored and each individual is left to follow his own initiative. In one a high measure of comfort is assured the individual by his taking the proper place in the community; in the other the individuals clash in their efforts to promote self-interest, with result that the few secure the desired comforts at the expense and disadvantage of the many.

COPYRIGHTS ITS LAMP-POSTS

Alhambra, Cal., Adopts Exclusive Design in Which City’s Emblem Is Used Effectively.

* Artistic lamp-posts of concrete and iron have been erected in Alhambra, Cal., which were made especially for the city according to a design that has been copyrighted, so that posts of this type cannot be used elsewhere. The insignia of the city is a crescent and star, which is suggestive of the Moorish palace in Spain bearing

the same name as this California town. The emblem has been used very effectively in designing the arms which support two of the three lights on each post. It also appears on the sides of the base. Above each of the latter ornaments is a mission bell. One of these bells serves as a door to the fuse box situated within.

Playgrounds in Parks.

That city could well boast of being nearly ideal for residential purposes could it be said that it provided a wellequipped playground within easy reach of every home, says a playground expert. Primarily and fundamentally the writer believes in a complete separation of park and playground, but this is impossible in any city called to mind, through lack of suitable area for play and this is more to be desired than parks for mere breathing space. The onlyreasonablesolution then is to have some equipment gnd conveniences for play in every park unless close by an official playground. Yet the history of small parks where special provision for juveniles has been made plainly show that it has usually brought spoliation «nd general untidiness impossible to overcome except when confined to well-defined areas within protection of hedge, fence or wall. And this should be provided in the original plan of every park, or later the park design will have to undergo changes to admit of this very necessary provision for childhood’s happy play-

Simple Plante About House.

Have planting blose about the house of a quiet and simple nature except you plant palms and other stately architectural subjects to accentuate and harmonize architecture. Bolder effects in garden should be farthest away, says a gardening expert.

Creating an Anxiety.

“I litiVe told you several times that you will injure your health if you worry.” “Yes. And new you’ve i got me worried half to death for fear I’ll worry.”

AUTO-LOCOMOTIVE TOY IS CONSTRUCTED

ALMOST EXACT IMITATION OF LOCOMOTIVE.

A. F. Sternad, designing engineer, conceived the idea that there were many tilings in common between the automobile and the locomotive. He worked at odd moments for four years and finally completed the toy shown in the illustration, every part of which serves a practical purpose, at a cost of SIO,OOO. It contains over 500 pounds of gluminum, is capable or 60 miles per hour and works on the principle of a locomotive throughout, except that it is driven by a Reutenberg motor. .

TRAVEL IN EUROPE

War Time Experience of Interest, to Tourists of the Good Old Days. JOYS AND HARDSHIPS CITED Impression of American Woman, Traveling With Two Children, That Second Class Was Comfortable, Soon Shattered. An American woman with two children recently traveled from Paris to Rome. As a matter of economy, and relying upon the impression gained before the war that the second class was comfortable, she traveled second class. It was comfortable in France, but when an Italian train was taken, at Modane, a train that also accommodated local travel, she found her company to consist of men and women just a little better than the peasant type, none too cleanly in dress and given to eating all sorts of food and drinking all kinds of wine in their seats, according to a correspondent of Railway Age Gazette. The discomfort of the journey was increased when, near Turin, it began to rain. The woman was looking out the window watching the rain pour down the hillsides, only as it seems to have been able to do since the war began, when she felt some water dripping "upon her hair. She looked up to discover that, through a. leak in the car .roof, the rain had come in, utterly ruined a new hat, and was busy soaking into her valises stowed in The racks overhead. The further the train went the worse it rained. She went to try to find seats tn another car. All of them were leaking. Ah appeal to the conductor was fruitless. “What can you expect?” he said. “The sun was so hot during the summer it opened up these seams in the car roofs, and they haven't been repaired. It’s war time,” and so forth.

wfnt to Sleep in Boulogne. Supposing you are provided with proper passports, you are able to buy your railroad ticket without difficulty and travel even through the war zones, until you come to a frontier station. Here your difficulties may be few or many, according, not to your passports, but to your luck. I knew one man who went from Italy to England and back again and his only unusual experience was this: At Boulogne he went to bed on board a channel boat expecting to wake up the next mofhlng at Dover. He woke up once or twice during the night, heard the usual splashing of water through the porthole, and promptly went to sleep again, unafraid of submarines. Shortly after daylight he woke up, looked out and saw that the vessel was tied up to a dock. He dressed, packed his Valise and went upon deck, ready to go ashore. There he saw the same dock he had seen the night before he went td bed. Surprised, he asked if the vessel had been forced to put back to Boulogne during the night. “She hasn’t left the dock at all,” he was told. “Her departure has been postponed until tonight. Meanwhile you passengers must go ashore and report to the police station." The man spent a dull day and finally did arrive at Dover the next morning.

On the other hand, qt the frontiers, many people, especially women, have adventures which to some of them are particularly dreadful. Many of the spies used by both sides in the war have been women. Consequently all women are apt to be subjected to search at the frontiers, no matter in which direction they may be going. Customs officers have been made wary by multi tudes of tricks. Thus it being unlawful as a matter of national economy for persons to take gold coin out of France into Italy, or out of Italy into France, or any other country, a poor woman carrying t> basket of eggs recently was stopped at Modane. Inspection of the basket revealed under the eggs 20,000 lire in gold. It-is not unusual for country women to carry baskets of eggs or chickens, but the trick of on<. has since made the frontier difficult for the others. A distinguished French woman, who had spent some months In Italy, stimu-

lating charity w’ork for the soldiers, on returning home took a personal note from the French ambassador asking that she be courteously treated at the frontier. Had she gone to France by way of Modane all would doubtless have been well, but at the last momenf she decided to return by way of Switzerland, an equally good route were it not for the war. As Switzerland’s folk hav£ been strongly suspected of trying to play the good old game of both ends against the middle, and thereby earn an honest living, by the French, the Italians, the Austrians and the Germans, travelers into her confines are searched with care. The woman in question aroused some unusual suspicion among the Italian officers at the frontier and she was searched right down to the skin, to the last thread of her hair. Her body was washed, to erase any writing secreted on her skin. Her clothing was gone over, the seams unsewed, her private letters read, treated with chemical solutions to discover cipher writing—in short, the third degree of the frontiers was applied in all its rigors. When the woman was finally released, with nothing found of a suspicious nature, she dressed and came out in front of the other travelers suffocating with rage. Trick of English Traveler. An English woman present, who was on her way to see sick friends in Switzerland, naturally unwilling to go through tne same examination if she could prevent it, began to cry when her turn came. “I’m fainting. I’m fainting. Take me away from here." As the examiners have a holy horror of fainting women, who cau.se all kinds of trouble, they swiftly plucked her from the crowd and passed her and her baggage into the awaiting train.

WHISTLE LEO TO COMPLAINT

Rural Citizen Explains to Railroad Official His Grievance About Express Train. - f The railroad official invited the stern citizen to communicate his troubles. “I want you to give orders,” demanded the visitor, "that the engineer of the express which passes through Elm Grove at about 11:55 be restrained from blowing his whistle on Sunday meanings.” “Impossible I” exploded the official. "What prompts you to make such a ridiculous request?” “Well, you see,” explained the citizen in an \indertone, “our pastor preaches until he hears the whistle blow, and that confounded express was twenty minutes late last Sunday.” —Lamb.

SHOP LADDER MADE STRONG

Device Made of Pipe and Fitting* Found Quite Convenient in Making Needed Repairs. In a railroad repair shop where ordinary ladders were found bulky when made strbngly enough, ladders built up of pipe and fittings, re-inforced, were made and used with satisfaction, writes Joseph K. Long of Renovo, Pa.,

Ladder for Repair Shop.

In Popular Mechanics Magazine. They were built of 1%-inch pipe Joined with tees, and bolts were passed through the tee* and rung* for further strengthening. The ladders being 28 Inches wide, it is possible to pas* planks at any. of the rung levels. The ends were pointed to glv* a secur* fontlntr. ' - -