Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 226, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 9 October 1917 — Page 2

SELF HELPS for the NEW SOLDIER

By a United Stain Army Officer

THE PATROL LEADER. The leader of a patrol, usually a corporal If it consists of a squad or less, ■aestbespeeially chosen. And the more important the work, the more careful the selection. The leader must be skilled in the methods of covering targe areas with a few men; he must be able to report the strength and ’Character of hostile forces, deduce ‘ their probable intentions, and report Intelligently to his commanding officer. Endurance, courage and good judgment are requisites of the patrol leader. His judgment will be called constantly into play, in order to read indications and pass upon the significance of the information at hand. He should be rapable of seeing a connection between apparently irrelevant facts and formulating his reports accordingly. Before setting out, however, the patrol leader should be given such information of the enemy and country as stay be of value to him —the general location of his own forces, and particularly those with whom he may come In contact From this it will be seen that the patrol leader already has a basis upon which to Interpret the information he gains. When possible, the patrol leader should have a map of the country he is to traverse-—in many cases the route specified—and he should have a compass, a watch, a pencil and a notebook. When practicable, he should take with him field message flanks. He carries, •f course, his arms and ammunition. When the patrol leader assembles the men detailed for the patrol, he makes sure of several things: their arms and ammunition are in a suitable condition for duty; that none has any papers or maps which would be of value to the enemy if captured; that their accoutrements do not glisten ®r rattle as they move. He then repeats his instructions and explains them until he is satisfied that every man understands them; he also rehearses with the men the signals which are to be used; and designates a man to take his place if he should be disabled. The formation of the patrol will depend upon the nature of the country ajpd the character of the coverr-the formation best suited to the needs of the case will be determined by the leader. But at all events, the formation must be so regulated as to insure, so nearly as possible, the escape of one man if the patrol is “Jumped” by a superior force. Generally speaking, it will consist ®f a main body with advance, rear and flank guards, though each of the guards be represented only by a single man. It can be' seen, however, that this would be an easy formation for a patrol as small as a squad to assume, since, beside the guards, it would allow for a main body of the corporal and three men. With a small patrol—as small, indeed, as four or five men —the distance between the men may not be more than from 25 to 50 yards. With a larger patrol, they may be as great as 100 yards. The reason for this variation Is both that a smaller force must, tn the nature of things, remain closer together, and that the guards at 100 yards would have far mote difficulty in keeping in aright two or three men than a larger force.

SENDING BACK INFORMATION FROM PATROLS. Patrol work calls for the exercise of more faculties perhaps than any other >form of duty. Not only the young soldier’s muscles, but his head also must ibe exceedingly active. He has many things to remember, much to watch out Ifor, and must be able to transmit such pieces of information as he gains. The country must be carefully observed. When a hill is to be passed over, the region beyond should first be observed by one man; in the same way, houses or Inclosures should be approached by a single man or avoided entirely. This |for the reason that * one man is distinctly less likely to be seen than the patrol as a whole, but what is more to 'the point the guard, encountering danger, would be able to warn the main body before It fell Into a trap. Woods tshould generally be reconnoitered in a •thin skirmish line. This serves as a big rake, of which each man Is a tooth, for combing the thicket. Patrol leaders, and the men as well, should know the uniforms, guidons and other insignia of the enemy. This will help ih determining the class of troops sighted when no other means are available. Patrol leaders should send back important Information as soon as it is gained unless the patroi itself is to return at once. In any case, it is the duty of the leader to send reports to his commander with sufficient frequency to keep the commander informed as to his whereabouts and what he is accomplishing. The information, if written, should be signed by the leader, and should state the place, date, hour and minute of its dispatch. If this does not seem requisite to the young soldier, it must at all times be borne in mind that the commander is continually receiving information from other sources—other patrols, probably, and that'he assembles and pieces together all that he obtains. The hour and minute when the information was gained may furnish th< commander with a clue to a whole series of other facts which have been reported before, but which he was unable to interpret As a simple Illustration of the neces-

slty of the time element, it will be seen that If a troop of cavalry is reported at a certain spot at a certain hour by one patrol and a troop three miles up the road is reported by another patrol moving in the same direction, the only way in whleh the Commander might know whether or not it was the same troop is by the time. If the reports of the two troops are timed, say, half an hour apart, the commander concludes tlpit it is the same troop; if they are timed within ten minutes of each other, he naturally concludes th at two distinct troops are approaching.

THE OUTPOST. Patrols are by no means sufficient to guarantee the setjuflfy of a force In hostile territory, or tn the proximity of an enemy In friendly territory. Every.camp dr bivouac should be protected by covering detachments known ns otitposts, although it is true that, an outpost may also exercise the functions of a patrol and become an outpost patrol. 7 The size and disposition of an outpost will depend upon a number off actors, Including the size of the whole command, the proximity of the enemy, the particular situation with respect to the enemy, and the nature of the terrain. Outposts may vary in strength from a very small fraction to one-third of the entire force. The principle /o be kept in mind is that outposts, like patrols, should be no stronger than is essential to the work in hand; but they should at least always be sufficiently large to insure reasonable security. A few sentinels and patrols will usually answer for a single company, but for a large command, a more elaborate system of outposts must be established. The supreme duty of an outpost is to prevent surprise and prevent an Attack upon the camp before the troops are prepared to resist. For a camp to be “jumped," In the colloquial language of the army, is an offensq-on the part of the commander which Is neither to be explained nor extenuated. This does not mean that a camp or bivouac may not be overwhelmed with a sudden attack by an enemy force, but at least the command should have sufficient warning from its outposts to make an organized show of resistance. The outpost patrol is used to keep in close contact with the enemy, and this has been found to be the most economical form of protection, since, if the commander is kept constantly advlsed of the whereabouts of the enqmy, it will be unnecessary for him to make use of as elaborate a system of outposts to guard against surprise. Nevertheless, he should always err on the side of caution In the matter of the protection of his camp. Outposts should be composed of complete organizations. Discipline and morale can be better maintained In a full squad, for example, and one which is accustomed to drilling together, than with a detachment, say, of six or ten men. If more than one squad Is required at any point, two squads are preferable to one squad and a half. Troops on outposts keep themselves concealed as much as Is consistent with the performance of their duties. Especially, they avoid appearing on the skyline, for this would render to the. enemy a clear silhouette of their movements. The skyline, indeed, is a background which brings out a figure more than any other—even the olive drab uniform does not escape the eye, since it is the outline and not the color which is distinguishable. Troops on outposts do not render honors. It is assumed that their attention is completely occupied in keeping upon the lookout.

China’s “Four Diamonds.”

There are ih China four powerful meh, known as the Four Diamonds, who are credited with being actively pro-Japanese, and at the head of the Chinese pro-Japanese political activities. These men are Tsao Ju Ling, former minister of foreign affairs ano former minister of communications; Chting Hsiang, former minister of justice and former minister to Japan from China, the first cabinet minister ever sent to Japan in a diplomatic capacity and the leading Japanese scholar of China; Lu Chung lu, former minister from China to Japan; and Wang I Tang, former minister of the interior. The Four Diamonds are generally regarded as the instruments with which Japan was working in this most ambitious plan to impress the will of Japan onChinaandcrea teasituation that would allow Japan to Intervene in China, with some show of reason other than apparent aggrandizement.— Samuel G. Blythe in the Saturday Evening POSt. 4

Writes With His Knee.

The invention of a Portland (Ore.) doctor, by means of which one can write with the knee, offers large possibilities for the person deprived of the use of both hands; for the device affords a inuch more convenient method of writing than by holding a pencil with the toes <»r teeth, says Popular Mechanics Magazine. The apparatus consists of a broad strip of leather fastened over the bent knee by means of spring clasps. It is provided with two pencil clips, into which a pencil is inserted so that it projects beyond the knee. A low rack, made like a music rack, holds the writing paper firmly in a convenient position. Ample range of motion for the pen is obtained by resting the foot on the ball, with the heel upraised.

Not Yet.

It may be comfortable to work in and all that, but women will not run over to the grocery store before breakfast wearing the pantalette house suit —Portland Oregonian.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. RENSSELAER. INB.

IN PROSPEROUS TUNIS

DEFYING Kipling, the East and West meet at Tunis, the capital of Tunisia, on the coast of Northern Africa, but In accordance with age-old tradition the twain do not assimilate, observes a writer In the Kansas City Times. Tunis is a city of captivating contrasts, because within the one .there are really two distinct cities. A great Oriental gateway called the “Porte de France” separates the purely French town from older Tunis —the new from the native. An excellent example of French rule is typified by the two Tunises. The utmost order prevails everywhere. There are apaches and other bold types of criminals in Paris, but none In Tunis. The military Is keen, alert and efficient. .The civic administration is maintained on a high standard. France holds that country under a benevolent protectorate. However, Tunis still has Its bey, growing only In namd, but still keeping up the panoply of rule under the direct supervision of the French government. The bey has his court, his guards and attendants. He presents himself openly to the people from the window above his dwelling every day, and all who wish to do so have the right to petition him for redress of wrongs. As he has all the enjoyments and none of the responsibilities of his high office, he cannot be said to have a sorrowful lot in life .

City of Winding Byways. Passing through the gateway into the older city, the broad boulevards, the cases and the joie de vivre hate disappeared. Here are the narrow, winding lanes which have served as streets for 3JXM) years. They are lined with native houses, flat roofed and creamy white in color, thronged with natives —Berbers, Arabs, Moors, Eastern Jews, and wild black tribesmen from the desert. The native city always is intensely alive, as bustling and full of life as its high-strung French neighbor outside the gate. The motley display of colors and tostumes, the creamy burnouses, scarfs of rich brocades, the full white trousers of the women, the red fezzes and variegated turbans, the flowing robes of priests, all combine to make a brilliant and fascinating picture. About the native coffee house swarthy faced men are sitting or squatting, sipping tiny cups of the steaming Turkish beverage, each portion freshly made for the consumer. The narrow streets are filled with humidity, the peddlers with their wellladen donkeys having the right of way. To the tourist the most attractive part of old Tunis is the bazaar district. These souks, or bazaars, are almost as picturesque and diversified as those of Cairo or Constantinople. The lanes here are roofed over, and the light filters down upon the squarecubicles, each stocked witlTgoods and guarded by its proprietor, sitting cross legged at the entrance. A Street for Each Line. In the souk district there is a separate street for the dealers in the various lines. Here are the streets of the perfumers, of the saddlers and slipper makers, of the jewelers, of the cloth merchants, and so on. One may pause and examine and buy; but the wise tourist does not buy without chaffering, else the seller would feel defrauded of much of the enjoyment of the transaction. If he becomes really Interested in you, or if you have made a good purchase, the merchant will invite you to partake ofcoffee and Turkish sweetmeats with him. Many 'df the bazaar shops are factories as well, where the specialists sit in full view weaving baskets, fashioning red and yellow slippers or making bizarre ornaments and tiny cups and pitchers of hammered brass. All of the merchants are good natured and not importunate. They long ago learned that the Christian dog has a long purse, and they greet him because of the purse and despite the Christianity. Everywhere in Tunisia one sees evidences of prosperity. The people are happy and contented, which speaks vol-

In a Native Street.

umes for thp brand of government administered under the French protectorate.

ODD GALLERY OF THE DEAD

Catacombs of Guanajuato, Mexico, Where Mummified Bodies Are Placed in Long Rows. One of the sights frequently visited by tourists In Mexico is the gallery of the dead at Guanajuato (pronounced Whan-a-wha-to). The town of that name, where the catacombs are situated, is one of the most quaint and fascinating in that grotesque country. It lies within a day’s journey of the City of Mexico, with railroad communication. The churches and paintings of this city have made it worldfamous, but the most peculiar of its attractions is found in its catacombs, or mummy chambers. On the hillside overlooking the city is the Home of the Dead, which answers the purpose of a graveyard and yet is not the same as one in the common acceptance of that term. It Is a veritable Pantheon, or House of Burial. In its thick walls the tombs are arranged, tier upon tier, of Identical size, like so many numbered pigeonholes. Wrapped up like mummies the bodies of the dead are here placed, each in Its little recess, and they are registered In a book according to the number thereon. To Insure care of the dead a certain fee is expected yearly, and if It should not be forthcoming after a period of five years, the bones are taken from their pigeonholes and thrown in a heap in the catacomb below with countless other fleshless bones and skulls. Another body is then placed in the recess and the process of eviction is in time repeated.

This treatment of the dead would, of course, be impossible in a moist climate. In Mexico at that high elevation the air is as dry as an oven, and as it has rate aseptic qualities, the flesh of the dead dries up and ultimately crumbles to dust, giving out no odor of decay or taint to the air. Not always, however, for now and then a tenant does not dissolve into his original elements. The dryness of the atmosphere simply mummifies him, and his perishable clay puts on the appearance of immortal age. In such a case the body is saved from the pile of bones and taken through a trap door down a spiral staircase to the grim corridor beneath, where it is placed with a grisly army of other mummies, there to lean up against the wall while awaiting the blowing of the last trumpet call. It is a ghoulish company, yet many visitors go up the hill to have a look at a scene so strange and unusual.

Henry VH, the first of the Tudor monarchs, introduced the Red .Dragon of Wales into the Royal Standard, after the battle of Bosworth. Queen Mary had it removed, and Queen Elizabeth replaced it; but it was finally displaced as one of the quarterings by James I in favor of the unicorn, and has never since been accorded a place on the monarch’s personal flag. * King George? however, when the Welsh Guards were added to the army a few years ago, approved of the Red Dragon being emblazoned on the king’s color of that regiment.—London Chronicle.

Just after a recent election a large crowd had gathered at a courthouse in North Carolina to see the official vote counted. To facilitate the work an adding machine was used. Among the attendants there were large numbers of people from the rural districts who had never seen one of these 4 complicated machines. They viewed it with open distrust. And when the votes were finally counted one of the defeated candidates remarked tq,a friend as he turned away: “I know I was elected to that office, but that blame separator cheated me out of it.”

Red Dragon of Wales.

Separating the Votes.

FUR IS IN FAVOR

More Fashionable Than Ever for Trimming Hats. With ’Elaborate Costume Paris Decrees Right Thing Is Perfectly Plain Felt or “Pull-on-Blouch.” All the Spanish beauties swear by “Lewis of Biarritz.” This milliner Has of course a Paris house, but it is at Biarritz that his prettiest models are shown, writes Idalia de Villiers, a Paris correspondent. The sketch shows one of the new autumn-winter creations. The toque shown would be ideal for a charming American “bud.” It is so

Toque of Blue Velvet.

simple and yet so very Parisian. Just a large toque, with a high, soft crown, made of crow’s-wing-blue velvet and bordered with skunk, no trimming whatever. Such a toque must be drawn well down over the hair and worn absolutely straight on the head. A picturesque hat is made of black poult de sole, with a wide band of kolinsky round the high crown and folds of fine embroidery carried out in blue, black and red beads. This flat-brimmed shape is very becoming it always looks elegant and uncommon. Furtrimmed hats are more fashionable than ever, and they are worn with the most severely plain tailored suits; this Is a truly Parisian • idea and very effective. With a severely plain suit the hat may be picturesque and decorative, though always lightly trimmed. On the other hand, with an elaborate costume the right thing is the perfectly plain felt hat or “pull-on-slouch,” which has no other trimming than a couple of handsome hatpins. Lewis is mixing fur and embroidery on many of his new models, and with good results. Crowns seem going up and up and a number of unusually narrow brims are seen.

MORE LINEN WILL BE USED.

Cotton Promises to Become More Expensive as Result of Its Use for War Purposes. Every woman should go over her linen and take stock at least once a year. She should have some marks upon the sheets and tablecloths whereby she can tell the date of their purchase. In the opinion of an experienced housekeeper. In this way she can tell whether a certain make is wearing well, whether it does or does not pay to get the best quality, and also tell exactly how much more is needed to replace that which must be discarded. Nice linen is" expensive, but it has been found to outwear the cheaper grades. Furthermore, nice linen bespeaks refinement in every way. Incidentally the war has brought about so many uses for cotton that by next year linen promises to be less expensive than cotton. For this reason we cun all revel in the luxury of sleeping in linen sheets, using linen towels and having only the purest of linen for our table.

SPANISH SAILOR HERE AGAIN

Lifted Brim May Be Edged With Beads or There May Be a Flat Fringe of Ostrich.' rr ’ We see once more the Spanish sailor, which provides an excellent canvas for beautiful ornaineptal ideas, says an exchange. Tlie lifted brim may be edged with beads, or theye may.be laid along the under surface a flat fringe of ostrich, The Breton shape, while not new, is good enough to continue a little longer. Lanvin features the Breton, and one of her best -models is executed on these lines, the material being hatter's plush in beige color. The „hrim carries a small fluting of beigecolored faille, and high at the front Is placed a wheel composed of alternating stripes of faille and plush. All fabric hats appear to be more popular than felts. Velours sailors are excellent style, and their one bad quality, Awhich is that of keeping the head too warm, is overcome now by >the use of ventilating holes, such as are used in men’s hats. In the matter of color, we find that teal and peacock blue are among the best shades, with munition gray a

worthy follower. This new gray tone shades Into blue, and is a luscious warm color for winter, being particularly effective when worn with furs, particularly gray cony and raccoon, both of which. It is predicted, will have wide popularity. There are plenty of new ornaments coming from the other side, among them long Jet bugles, gelatined motifs, florette trims composed of satin and velvet, chenille embroidery, Chinese ornaments, Jade buckles and all manner of burnt ostrich fans and wheels. Much more trimming is being Employed than "has~been Used forsome time, with the result that hats are regular top pieces, instead of ugly little things which are supposed to possess the charm, of simplicity.

BELT COMPLETES THE FROCK

Its Width Varies From One to Twelve Inches, According to the Individual Preference. There is something so trig and satisfactory about the belt of patent leather that a majority of women will be gladto know its vogue will continue into the autumn. This is another way of saying that the one-piece dress of serge or of satin will find its completion in the belt of shiny leather. The width Of the belt will continue to be a matter of Individual regulation. There are some which are not less than twelve inches and others which do not measure more than one inch. Very wide belts are made of soft leather In colors, and they mqy be crushed Into any required width when adjusted to the waist. Several of the new belts have metal buckles and others are adorned with novelty buttons. Then there are a few which, in addition to the buckle, show rings on either side drawn together with cord laces.

CLEAN IRONS SAVE CLOTHES

They Should Be Scoured With Finely Sifted foal Ashes and Occasionally Washed in Soapsuds. To remove rust from flatirons, rub the spots with emery paper, and If not successful then cover the spots with sweet oil and powdered quicklime, niiowfng this to remain on for several days. Sometimes clothes that have been painstakingly laundered In the 1 early stages are marred, if not quite ruined, because the flatirons are in an unclean condition. A good way to clean irons is to scour them with finely sifted coal ashes, and occasionally to wash them In strong soapsuds. When thoroughly cleaned rub with sweet oil and stand aside in a dry place for several days.

FOR REAL COLD WEATHER

Thia street coat designed for winter use will be a warm garment Indeed when the mercury in the thermometer starts trying to crawl out of the bottom of the tube. It is made of black furwove Swiss velours coating, with a large collar and loose panels on the sides. The trimming of the panels, cuffs, collar and belt are of furwove moleskin bands.

Fashionable Figure of Today.

"The fashionable figure 4s. long and straight. All the puffs and ruffles have been pressed flat All the short waists and skirts have been pulled down. “There are no flares or protrusions. It is slight and girlish and vigor and dash go with it. ... . » . “Whether it is artificial or not, it doesn't seem to be. It is the figure of the capable young woman who can do things and enjoy doing them." This is the description of the figure likely to be the most fashionable in 1917, t given by a well-known fashion expert.

Hand Work on Blouses.

Ha ad embroidery in lieu of other trimming decorates > most j of the blouses seejj,, whilst a twb-wue combination is a favorite device for the otherwise plain blouse.