Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 207, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 17 September 1917 — Page 3

Many Advantages Found to Result from the Daylight Saving Plan

Credit for the discovery of the principle of daylight saving must be given to the late William Willett, the noted scientist of England. He was accustomed to take an early morning ride in the parks of London, and conceived the idea that in the summer season, between the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox, the sun rose from three to four hours before the usual opening of the business day. This had the effect of projecting the business day into the late afternoon and the hours of leisure and recreation into the night. In other words, a great portion of the sunlight hours of the day were actually wasted. In casting about for some method by which this evil could be corrected, he became convinced at once that it could not be done by individual effort. There must be some way of changing simultaneously and uniformly the habits of the entire community. He hit upon the method of advancing the hands of the clock one hour during the summer months. While Mr. Willett was extremely industrious and somewhat successful in placing his views before the British public, and while bills were introduced in parliament each session, beginning as early as 1908, no tangible result could be accomplished until the pressure of war made the change imperative. The plan originated in England, but it was first actually adopted by Germany, where it went into force April 30, 1916. Germany was immediately followed by Austria-Hungary and Holland. In these countries the law began its operation simultaneously on April 30, 1916. Denmark followed on May 15, 1916; Great Britain on May 21, 1916; Norway on May 22, 1916; Italy on June 3, 1916; France on Jun& 14, 1916; Portugal on June 18, 1916. The business public and wage earners of Great Britain welcome the change in the law, and after a full year’s experience with it there are only two lines of business which are affected adversely in the slightest degree. One is the business of artificial lighting and the other is that of the public houses. As to the gas and electric they are confronted with a shortage of fuel, congestion of transportation and high prices of supplies, which makes them quite willing to reduce their output. The public houses > complain that the hour which they lose at night on closing time is not compensated in their line of business by the hour gained in the morning. With these two exceptions, according to the report of the British commission, the beneficial results have been universal. Among the many advantages are the reduction of the amount of artificial lighting with an enormous saving of public and private expense; a reduction of the consumption of coal for light and power, and the consequent relief upon the congestion of transportation; an increase of efficiency in the productive power of the nation; a lessening of eye strain; an increase of outdoor life, with enlarged opportunities for athletics, for home gardening, for walking, driving and motoring, for military training and for the use of public parks and playgrounds; a general improvement in sanitation and health; a greater participation by citizens in-public affairs and a reduced expenditure for indoor amusements. The indirect effect upon public morals has been noticeable; Wholesome outdoor life has taken the place of artificial indoor life. * 0

Public Health Nurses Can Best Serve Country by Staying at Posts

One of the great needs of America will be for public health nursing. The organizations which are engaged in this work, instead of being weakened by loss of membership, should be strengthened to meet the increased demands which will be made upon them. Trained and experienced nurses who are now taking care of women, children and tubercular patients in their homes and in dispensaries, can do no greater work for the country and for humanity than by remaining on their jobs. They must not consider themselves slackers or feel that they are lacking in patriotism if they stick to their daily round of duties. On the contrary, it would be absolutely wrong for them to give up their work and jump'at the first chance which offers for war service abroad. Somebody has to take care of the women and children while the men are at the front. It is irrational for those who take care of them, and who know and understand their needs, to fly off to some other place and work and leave them at the mercy of inexperienced workers. We all, know that war breaks down home conditions. Sickness and poverty follow in its wake and there are a thousand and one ills, which have to be met and overcome. Who can do this better than the public health nurse who belongs to a well-organized group of workers which is able to combat just such conditions? At the beginning of the war it was my first impulse to close the Vanderbilt dispensary in Paris to women and children and devote it to the care of wounded soldiers. ■ On second thought I realized that would be a mistake just because everybody was doing the same thing. I never regretted following my more mature judgment. Ip a short time our attendance increased from 115 to 250. I believe we saved any number of the future citizens of France by simply thinking twice and sticking to our original work.

America Beginning to Grasp Importance of the Study of Chemistry

Member of Faculty of Mellon Institute of Industrial Research

I cannot understand why Providence has permitted Germany to misuse her knowledge of chemistry as she has done since the war began, My only explanation might be that it is to teach you and me, the lobsters nf A meri ca. the importance of studying chemistry, which enters into our everyday life, whether we will or not. y Chemistry is a fundamental in our social system, it is not only necessary for our health and happiness, but our very existence depends jupon it. The time will come when our houses will be filled with cool, germproof air in summer just like they are filled with hot air in winter. Our buildings should all be fireproof. We are getting more and more at ♦hat problem every year. Some day our houses will have floors as soft - as cork and as unburnable as asbestos, which will remain polished. Chemistry will solve these problems.

By Representative William PL. Borland of Missouri.

By Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt, Sr.

Head of the American Ambulance Hospital in Paris

By Dr. Charles S. Palmer

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. RENSSELAER. IND.

RAPID-FIRE GUN ON FRENCH PLANE

• The little French Nleuport “scout” plane Is the greatest fighting machine end Is equipped with an electric rapid-fire gun which is worked from the pilot seat by a wire.

NEED FAST WORK IN TRENCH RAIDS

English Expert Tells of the Sudden Assaults on Ever-Alert Germans. NEW SCIENCE IS DEVELOPED Purpose Is to Shake the Morale of the Enemy and Make Him Uncertain as to the Next Object of Attack. London. —The trench raid, one of the developments of the European war, is the subject of an official Interview with a British officer, which has been approved by the British press bureau. The narrative of this officer is of particular Interest at this time when the Americans are soon to go into the trenches to be called upon to carry out, among other things, just such raids as are here described. “The trench raid is made for the purpose of shaking the enemy’s morale, inflicting losses upon his personnel and destruction upon his works, and capturing prisoners and documents that may reveal his condition and intentions. Carried out chiefly at night, at frequent intervals and at many places, it exercises direst effect upon the enemy’s nerves. Since 1916 its constant practice has been the policy of the British command. Captured German letters bear ample witness* to its efficacy. We will attempt to sketch a simple form of such a raid.

“For some days previously the field artillery has been methodically cutting lanes through the enemy’s wire at many points. An attack may or may not be pushed through these lanes. The enemy cannot be sure. In any case he cannot decide which of the points of passage will be used. Punctually at ‘zero’ hour the artillery hurls a barrage on the enemy’s support and reserve trenches, while an Inferno of explosions breaks out all along the line of trench to be assaulted —the bombardment of Stokes mortar and trench howitzer batteries posted In or near our front line. Under cover of this bombardment the raiding force rushes the Intervening space. How the Raid Begins. “This raiding force is organized In squads of eight men and one noncom-

MAYOR OF TOWN IN FLORIDA

Mrs. George Horwitz, society woman and civicworker of Philadelphia, farmer on a large'scale In the Florida eVerglades, recently was elected against her will to be mayor of Moorehaven, Fla. In Moorehaven, the mayor must act as judge of all offenders against city ordinances and legal knowledge la necessary. Mrs. HorwltA strange to say, is not interested in suffrage.

FOOD SAVING TAKES QUEER TURN IN TEXAS

Dallas, Tex. —In the fight to conserve food supplies a Dallas restaurant has posted signs that molasses and hot cakes must come out “even.” » The sign says that any molasses left on a customer’s plate after the consumption .of an order of “wheats” will bring an extra charge on his check. This restaurant has also adopted the rule of giving pennies in change, several Items on the menu being priced in odd cents, an unusual thing in the Southwest.

missioned officer. In each squad are tw’o bomb-throwers, two bayonet men, two rifle bombers and two ammunition carriers, who are also reserve throwers. Each squad has its objective clearly assigned to it prior to the attack. In a smother of smoke the raiders leap into the trench. Flames shoot up, shedding a ghastly glare. High among them the red signal rockets of the Germans are drifting across the night, but the barrage they summon comes too late. To right and left, as detailed, the squads turn along the trench —now probably a broken-walled ditch filled with loose earth, blocked by wrecked traverses, strewn with sand bags and the bodies of men. In front, peering round the traverses, darting forward, keeping the survivors of the enemy on the run, are the two bayonet men of the squad. Immediately behind them is the first ‘thrower,’ his acolyte the ‘carrier’ following close. Then follow the officer, the noncommissioned officer in charge of the squad. Behind them is a rifle bomber, ready if necessary to fire his, grenades in advance of the bayonet men. In the rear of him are the other thrower, his carrier and the other rifle bomber.

“The ideal aimed at is to so press upon the enemy that he cannot dare to stand —our bayonet men are upon him ere he can dare to throw or shoot. But there comes a time when the enemy ‘handgranatentrupp’ has assembled Itself —behind a barricade If possible. One after another their bombs whizz through the 'air, burst In a vtcious detonation and choking smoke. The progress of the raiding party Is checked. Spaced out along the trench, each man, if possible at the corner of a traverse for the better dodging of a bomb. Is engaged In a contest where, though the target cannot be seen, victory is to the side that throws stralghtest. “It Is essential that the fight should not degenerate into a mere bombing duel. The officer gives an order and the rifle-bomber, the sixth man down the file, opens fire well down the trench, outranging the hand-thrower. A few seconds of vivid flashes, of violent detonations —there Is a silence of groans beyond. The bayonet men rush round the traverse,' speed along the trench, clamber over a half-fin-ished barricade of sandbags. A dark figure looms opt of the smoke. There Is a quick scuffle, the dart of steel. The bayonet men rush on, followed by the rest of the squad. The Work of Machine Gun*. “The farthest objective has been reached. It is now important to make a ‘block’ in the trench, behind which the purposes of the raid can be securely accomplished. The leading squad, the ‘point’ as it is technically -termed, sheltered by a traverse, hurl their bombs along the next section of enemy treffch. If space allows, the second thrower is brought up alongside the first —one throwing to his extreme range, the other throwing short The rifle-bombers fire over their heads to ranges up to ninety yards. The hostile rush is held back. In the rear another squad Is feverishly piling sandbags into a barricade. Completed, the bombers rush back behind the

FAMILY HAS A GREAT AMERICAN WAR RECORD

Elizabeth, W. Vo.—The family of N. D. Madden, near here, la a soldierly and patriotic one. Madden Is a veteran of the Civil war. His great-grandfather served In the Revolutionary war. His grandfather served in the war of 1812. his older brother In the Mexican war. He and another brother fought in the Civil war and a younger brother fought In the Spanish-American war. Two of his sons are in the present war and four other sons are awaiting the call.

stretch they have vacated. Traverses are blown up, lengths of trench filled In. From behind comes the rapid hammering of machine guns taking toll of an enemy attempt to dash across the open and bomb down the trench. . "In the captured section, empty now of effective foes, men are rushing In a search for the dugout openings. They fling down each a couple of bombs that explode with a soft phutt! Down below in the dark cave is a sheet of flame, an intense heat, choking smoke. Fumes wreathe thickly out of the entrance. Gasping, dazed survivors rush out, are seized upon. Explosion after explosion leaps up In the stretch of the raided trench. "Once more the red signal rockets drift among the roaring flares. The enemy barrage crashes In the air and from the ground. On the flanks spiteful machine guns rake en enfilade the tangle of rusty wire, the shell-churned desolation of No Man’s Land. But if they have ordinary luck, the raiders are already safely back In their own trenches.”

FORETOLD WORLD WAR

Predicting this world war, and besides that having predicted both the first and second Balkan wars and tfiS assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne, should be conclusive indication of an ability to foretell the future accurately. With her past performances in mind, the latest prophecy of Mother Rita of Monastir, the famous prophetess of the Balkans, carries additional weight She now predicts that Vienna will fall on the day King Peter, aged monarch of Serbia, dies. Perhaps time will prove her right. Stranger things than that have happened.

TACK IN SOUP; ASKS $10,000.

X-Ray Photograph Shows Iron Fragment In Digestive Tract of New York Man. New York.—An X-ray photograph was filed In the Supreme court showing that Morris D. Spitzer is carrying a large tack, about three-quarters of an inch long, inside him. The tack is Imbedded in his digestive tract, near the center of his body. Spitzer blames some vegetable soup which he bought in a restaurant at 42 East Fourteenth street on December 28, 1915, for the intrusion of the tack. He says he picked up several of- the tacks while eating his soup, and swallowing one before he realized it. Another he picked out of his mouth. The tack-swallowing incident is the basis of a SIO,OOO damage action against the restaurant company. The restaurant company denies it was guilty of negligence.

Tollgates, 100 Years Old, Go.

Philadelphia.—Announcement of the sale of the Lancaster turnpike to the state means that after more than 100 years the string of ugly little tollhouses by the side of the famous highway will disappear. It means, too, the saving of thousands of dollars to motorists and that there can be unrestricted travel between main-line towns In machines.

MAXIM GSNLETS

A new bomb sweeps clean. Money makes the war go on. The more waste the less feed. Too many crooks spoil the war. He strafes best who strafes last. Ye cannot serve war and mamma. Conscience makes patriots of us all. When there’s a war there’s a way. A man Is known by the company he joins. A patriot and his money are soon parted. : ■ The proof of the fighting is the retreating. Pacifists never hear any good of themselves. One touch of kultur makes the whole world fight. German communications corrupt good manners. Never put off till tomorrow what you can’t fire tonight. Enlistment will happen In the best regulated families. Take care of the flag and the war will take care of Itself. He who fights and runs away, may live to fight another day. Never look a gift gun in the mouth. —Carolyn Wells In Life.

FROM NEAR AND FAR

Spain will Import wheat Glasgow has women lamplighters. Spain has 4,024,928 acres of barley. French railways employ 6,700 women. Italians make thread from nettle fiber. United States has 2,000,000 war gardens. United States has 2,001,000. acres In peanuts. Germans number 2,249,000 in the United States. Costa Rica last year grew 900,000 pounds of tobacco on 2,700 acres.

HEALTH HINTS

Don’t eat too much. If you find you* are eating too much, don’t eat quite so much, always making sure, however, that you are getting enough nourishment. Eat the right kind of food. This may easily be determined by the simple process of eliminating the wrong kind of food. - Get plenty of sledp. Go to sleep if you are sleepy. If you are still sleepy when you wake up,'go to sleep again, but don’t overdo it Don’t drink to excess. A quantity of drink which is beneficial will be found to be quite sufficient. Take water from time to time, especially during the waking hours. Authorities agree that water should be rigidly eschewed while asleep. Don’t do anything to undermine your constitution. —Life.

IN-SHOOTS

Envy seldom rankles the soul of the great man. The wails of the down-and-out often have a vicious ring. 55, The most enthusiastic home garden theorist generally resides in a flat. The usefulness of the boss who is universally hated is generally shortlived. Temptation In the shape of a sweet feminine telephone voice Is also hard to resist When a cheap skate lands a position of responsibility he always wants to stick the harpoon into someone. ■Unless you are a millionaire it Is better to wear a clean collar and have your shoes shined when you are out for business. —Chicago Examiner.

IN THE BIG CITIES

Cincinnati has 88,000 schoolchildren. San Francisco claims 540,885 population. Houston, Tex., IS run on single-tax basis. \ . Atlanta hns a new vegetable canning factory. ... •