Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 183, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 20 August 1917 — Page 2

Transforming Power of Just War Demonstrated on College Campus

By JOHN GRIER HIBBEN,

at stake are not merely those of democracy and liberty, but the very fundamental principles upon which democracy must rest and liberty find its justification —the elemental distinctions between right and wrong, good and evil, justice and injustice.

Tree Disease Threatens Vast Loss to Nation’s Timber Resources

An enemy from Germany—the white pine blister disease —has invaded the United States, occupied all of New England and driven into Canada; it has thrust forward across the New York state line despite the most vigorous efforts to check it. Columbia and Essex counties are now virtually in its hands, and all the remainder of the state is threatened. The disease has been discovered and defeated in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, but has. made a strong advance out West and occupied territory along the southern state line between Wisconsin and Minnesota. Ohio has been invaded. But this is not all. The progress of the disease has been astonishingly rapid wherever it has been allowed to gain a foothold. The great Northwest and the rich Pacific coast are now threatened, while an advance southward and westward toward the Mississippi is almost certain. What is this foe? What is this invasion, and what does it mean to the man in the street? The white pine blister disease is a wood canker which kills our famous white pine trees and would doubtless also kill our valuable sugar pines and all five-leaved pines to which, it might spread. It is sometimes called the white pine rust from the rusty appearance of the “blisters.” Eight or ten years ago the disease was unknown in this country. It came secretly, no one knows exactly how or when, and it worked secretly until it was established. Then it spread. In some places it was stamped out, in others np headway was made against it, and it has continued to spread, spread, spread, till in less than a decade it has become a great national menace. ~' The white pine blister disease not only threatens to wipe out hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of valuable pine trees; it also threatens the currant and gooseberry bushes of the regions where it has obtained a holyl. The disease, which is a fungus growth, cannot travel from pine tree to pine tree. It goes from a pine to a currant or gooseberry bush, develops there, and leaves the currant bush to attack another pine, which, once infected with the disease, faces death.

What Will United States Do to Meet Wartime Tuberculosis Problem?

One of the tragic conditions in Europe at the present time is the unusual prevalence of tuberculosis among the soldiers and the civil population ; and one of the signal mistakes on the part of the warring nations ■was that none of them foresaw or made preparations, for this calamity. ■ It could have been prevented to a large extent by the exclusion of tuberculous persons from the army through more careful examinations of recruits and by protecting persons with tuberculous^-tendencies from the tremendous physical and mental stress of modern warfare. It could have been ameliorated by the provision of hospital and sanatorium facilities, the development of an extensive dispensary and visiting-nurse service, the creation of farm and by keeping intact, instead of dissipating, the existing agencies for fighting this war disease. With these things neglected, tuberculosis now actually threatens to decimate France. Its ravages in Belgium are horrible. Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy and Germany are feeling the acute sting of the white plague, and England, although better prepared than all the rest ,is finding tuberculosis an enormous wartime problem. France is now struggling under the burden of a half-million of her people crippled by the wounds of battle and another half-million suffering from active tuberculosis. Of her soldiers) 100,000 have been returned actively tubercular, and France, now working frantically, hopes to have 15,000 sanatorium beds by the end of the year to care for these- consump—fives. Belgium has seen her actively tuberculous populati_on_incrqased_ between 100 and 200 per cent in the past two years. t What will the. United States, withl facilities for the care of tuberculosis hopelessly inadequate in times of peace —what will the United States do to meet her wartime tuberculosis problem?

Present Hour Is the Greatest in History For Women of the World

Prescient of National Women's Trade Union League of America

Wonderful $s this hour is for democracy and labor, it is the greatest hour in history for ithe women of the world. After centuries of discrimination women are coming into the labor and festival of life on equal terms with men. Woman’s labor in the field * feeds the soldiers on the firing line. Woman’s labor in factories and mills feeds the cannon in the trenches. Woman’s labor in shops and stores feeds the homes of Europe. . V Canada, Russia, America, and even England will have an enfranchised womanhood when this war is over. . ' • i -

No one who has lived on a college campus since the declaration of war with Germany can doubt the transforming power of a commanding cause. As if byft magic touch, all the fine promise of young manhood has been suddenly matured in the splendid beginnings of its power. ~I believe that the cause to which our nation has committed itself is a just-criiise. It' is a war against war, to bring to, an end the misery of the struggle abroad and inaugurate the hew era of permanent peace. We feel our position justified, because the issues

By CHARLES LATHROP PACK

Pieaident of the American Foreatry Association

By DR. GEORGE T. PALMER

President Illinois Tuberculosis Association

By MRS. RAYMOND ROBINS

, President of Princeton University

i THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER* IND.

Two Peruvian Cities

THE west coast countries of America present much the same physical appearance. The valley of the Rio Rimae, in which Lima lies, some eight or ten miles from its seaport, Callao, is a pretty and welltilled small section of southern California farming country, set in a frame of dry Peruvian mountain slopes, says a correspondent of the Los Angeles Times. The only strange note visible in the scene is the heavy adobe wall which bounds all the fields, even to the very small ones, a custom which must be an inheritance from the old Incas, who filled the Peruvian highlands with such works. Speaking of dry Peruvian mountains, the whole coast of South America, from the northern boundary of Peru, 5 degrees south latitude, to Coqulmbo, Chile, 30 degrees south latitude (a distance equal to the combined (toast lines of California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia, up to Juneau, Alaska,) is a desert strip, reaching inland for 25 to 75 or 100 miles. This truly wonderful phenomenon is explained by the action of the Humboldt current, a cold stream beginning in the Antarctic ocean, and flowing northward along the coast. The effect produced is that the land is warmer than the water, and therefore, rain seldom falls oh any part of this region, and in part it is said to be practically unknown. On the crest of the Andes, enough rain and snow is precipitated to furnish well-watered valley-floors on the western slope, which are generally fertile and well-tilled. The eastern slope of the Andes, on the coritrary, receives abundant rainfall, and is clothed with heavy forests. These Andean canon-valleys in Peru produce valuable crops of sugar cane and varied food products, but the

mountains on the Pacific slope generally are barren, and only valuable for their mineral resources. Theseare great, and are growing in development and production; the imtnensely valuable Cerrd de Pasco copper mihes being the premier thlning enterprise in Peru. Beautiful Town of Lima. Lima Is an attractive town, but with the mellow attraction of the past, rather than present and future interest, attaching to the other large capitals of this continent. She claims 150,000 Inhabitants, and may have 125,000. The stores are numerous and of a very good-average-type; the stroctsare pretty well paved, and there is a trolley service about equal to that of the United railways in ■San Francisco in modernity and cleanliness of the cars. The buildings Of the city are in both the Spanish colonial and recent Spanish type, and are pleasing in character and in architectural variety. The cathedral is really fine, and the interior (too dark to photograph Well) is) imposing and impressive. >. U Lima’s charm consists in part of the shuttered and glazed balconies on the second stories, overhanging the street, ftteavily decorated with' curious wood carvings, on shutters and window frames alike. There are some of authentic antiquity which are most interesting—and nearly every house of any pretensions has these balconies on the outer walls, while the house itself is built around the usual patio. The Hotel Manry, where I stopped while in Lima, had'both. ■ The seacoast towns are all of recent date as far as the better buildings in them give evidence. Callao is merely

PART OF THE PORT OF MOLLENDO

a big dirty ‘.‘Sonoratown” of about 30,000 to 40,000 population and nothing more as regards beauty, but it is Peru’s first seaport, nevertheless, with a good stone breakwater and artifieial harbor, now tending to grow obsolete, because of shallow depth, for modern ocean vessels. , Barren Mollendo. Mollendo, Peru, resembles Agua Prieto, Sonora, and is one of the seaports for Bolivia and inner Peru. It 4s set high on a rocky clijL overhanging boiling breakers, and is surrounded by Uncompromising desert; about as unattractive a place as can be imagined. Nothing of Interest there save the unbelievable swarms of sea ducks and small fish. I never saw so many ducks in my whole life as I saw the afternoon we sailed from Mollendo for Arica, Chile. A modest estimate would allow 12,000 to 15 000 in one flock we sailed through; they had so gorged themselves on the fish that it was almost Impossible for them to rise from the water as the steamer drew near, and while standing on the bow I actually saw adult birds bumped and dashed to one side by the cutwater of the vessel, before they could get well in flight. It was a very strange sight in every way. Arica has historic interest, for here was fought a desperate battle between the Peruvian defenders of the town and the attacking Chilean forces in the war of 1879-80. The town lies in a little desert plain, just beneath a high, precipitous headland, or morro (as such heights are always known in Spanish America), which is crowned by a powerful modern fortification. With my binoculars I could see the big coast-defense rifles peering over the top. The air in Arica is cool, fresh and lovely, and we here saw pepper trees, a-s. we-dld in Lima, and in all the other

IN THE LIMA CATHEDRAL

Chilean coast ports. Arica Is also a railroad port for the inland high, country, but is not otherwise notable, save as a strategic military post for Chile. Iquique, the next port, is the second, and until quite lately was the first nitrate port of Chile —a big sprawling town, about the size of Callao, but cleaner and more businesslike. It lies In an open stretch of sandy desert, closely walled in by steep mountain's, some 2,000 to 2.500 feet in height, which are surmounted with difficulty by the nitrate railroads through aid of switchbacks. No vegetation exists here save by constant care and irrigation, so it Is not a lovely spot. The harbor is fulT of shipping activity; some loading nitrate, and there are a number of interned Germans. By the way, the “Kosmos” line has Interned vessels in nearly every west coast harbor from San Francisco to Valparaiso, riding high In the water, and with seaweed nearly two feet long trailing from their hulls. Iquique streets are dirty, unpaved and not very attractive, ■ though the stores are not bad.

Lemons plentifully and judiciously used will prevent malaria, and even typhoid, it is said, may* be warded off by the timely use of lemons. Not only is the juice beneficial, but the rind as well. In England every foreign-going ship Is required by law to include in its supplies a sufficient number of lemons so that every seaman may have in his dally diet an allowance of one ounqe of lemon juice after having been ten days at sea, this to prevent the scurvy so prevalent among sailors.

Use of Lemons In Sickness.

CELEBRATE THE RUSS REVOLT

Civilians and Soldiers, in Remarkable Procession, Display Powers of Organization. In the NeVsky Prospekt the interminable procession was formed In two columns, marching parallel with each other and made up of groups of about a hundred men, women and children, old and youhg, walking arm in arm, according to the account of an eyewitness in Scribner’s. The flies w'ere of equal length, and no troops could have shown better alignment. At the head of each group, like a captain leading his company, walked a leader, who wore. a wide red scarf crosswise, to make him more easily distinguishable. When he lifted his hand the members of his group went forward; when he lowered it they stopped. It was exactly like the order and discipline of troops on the march, and trained soldiers could not have marched better — indeed, the soldiers did not, for one of the strange things about this prodigious procession was that in it civilians and soldiers were mingled. After some groups of workmen came battalions of troops, then workingmen and women again. This fusion of soldiers and civilians made an impression which I can never forget. And as they marched they sang revolutionary hymns; as a matter of course the “Marseillaise,” and also other songs which must have been composed only recently, for the marchers had not had time. to *learn the words by heart, and some read them from sheets which they carried in their hands. The soldiers also sang, and their thousands of deep voices made a chorus of marvelous power and sonority. ~ _ None of these songs were fierce or revengeful. On the contrary, they were sad, profoundly sad —the accents of mourning and not of hat,e. No police, no marshals were needed to control this manifestation. Those who took part in it policed themselves, and surely never was discipline better maintained. As I looked at this spectacle I thought of all the pessimists, all the philosophers steeped in gloom, all the prophets who only predict calamity for Russia. Why should not a people who are able to organize imd carry out such a wonderful display be capable of organizing themselves? 'Let us, then, give them our confidence —and also a little time.

Banana Is City of Future.

At the mouth of the great Kongo river, here as wide as an arm of the sea, stands the important city with the picturesque name of Banana. The importance of Banana lies in the future rather than the present. It is the, port of entry to that immense wilderness filled with a thousand undeveloped possibilities known as the Belgian Kongo. If Belgium comes through the war with her African empire intact Banana will probably grow into the leading Belgian colonial metropolis. At present it is little more than a name and a possibility. Banana consists of an excellent natural harbor and a village of a few score homesick Europeans. Considering the importance of Kongo trade even today it is surprising that local development has not gone farther. There is no adequate wharf or pier. There are no adequate unloading facilities. There are only stretches of sandy beach dotted with noble palms, great mangrove trees with their multitudinous earth gripping branches, a pier of rotting and battered piles and native - canoes with their ebony oarsmen. The prospect is beautiful tn a natural way, but there is a surprising lack of industrial development.

The History of Pearls.

“The modern recognition of pearls, dates back to about 300 B. C., but they were known to, yet older peoples, and especially to those of the East,” says the author of a book published under the title, "The History of Pearls.” “The Chinese records go still farther back, and oyster pearls were received as tribute in the twenty-third century B. C. It is probable that they were found in the waters of Ceylon and India two thousand years ago, and the Greeks of course knew the pearl and recognized its value. But it was not until the Roman empire was beginning to rise that the knowledge of the value of the pearl became general. It seems that in early times Britain played its part in the production of these gems, and Tacitus refers to British pearls, but calls them dull-colored and dirty brown. Origen, on the contrary, declared that the pearls that came from Britain held the second rank in value. It was not, however, until about the twelfth century that pearls were used in England, when they became conspicuous in church ornamentation.” .

Well, of Course.

The raising of a flag recently bn the premises of a factory at Anderson had to be postponed a day because of weather conditions, Arthur S. Birge, factory superintendent, was hopeful that more of the children of the neighborhood could attend the next day. “About how many of you can I count on to be here?” Mr. Birge said, addressing a group of juveniles. “All that ain’t got the measles?’ shouted a bright lad who seemed to be spokesman for the children. —Indianapolis News. ~ .

Not What She Expected.

“This paper says that more than 300,000 persons in the United States wear glass eyes.” “Well/dear, you know you’ve often asked me why men stare at you so; that’s probably the answer.”

DAY OF BACHELOR

War Brings a New Dignity to Unmarried Man. Ho Who May Be Merely Tolerated In Time of Peace Is Lionized When Call to Arms Comes. War has given the unmarried man some of the dignity which he lacked in peace. Ordinarily the bachelor is tolerated for what he may become rather than for what he is, observes a writer in the San Francisco Bulletin. Mothers would not welcome him into society nor girls take pleasure in his attentions, if it were thought that he would always remain a bachelor. The hope of converting him into a married man furnishes one of the main incentives of all social activities. As this hope declines he becomes more and more a misfit in a world which prides itself on finding an exactly shaped corner for everyone of its inhabitants who is worth troubling about. His socks are not darned, his buttons are not sewed on, and the number of lumps of sugar which he likes in his coffee, the degree of boiledness which he demands in his eggs, are nobody’s business but his own. He is free, a condition which in youth makes him the envy of his married friends, but in later years makes him envy them. He can go anywhere he pleases at any time he pleases without having even to argue tlie matter with a woman, but the reason that no woman cares What he does.. He is free because no one is interested enough in him to care to put shackles on him. There is no fixed place for him. He stands free of the burden of the benedict’s endeavors, but at a cost. He sees men and women doing things for motives which he cannot understand. Social forces of various sorts perplex him because he does not see their hidden origins. What is plain enough to any mediocre husband is often a hopeless puzzle to even the most thoughtful bachelor. He cannot fully understand any intangible loyalty because he is no longer in contact with the source of loyalty —the relations between parents and children. For certain adventure he can be depended upon to furnish dash and enthusiasm, but for the steady, grinding work of everyday life he is inferior, to his married neighbor. Civic progress relies principally upon the man whose interests carry over into the next generation and are not confined to his own corporal welfare. But this somewhat pathetic figure of the bachelor is wonderfully dignified by the advent of war. The married, man, in most cases, is handicapped from fighting. His business is to raise wheat and children, a necessary task, but lacking the appearance of glory. Chivalry beyond the dreams of medieval knighthood may animate the man who helps his wife take case of the babies, preparing their bottles and hanging out their domes,, but in times of war he is not a heroic figure. The demand then' is not for men who have found their places in the world, but for those who have not. The wifeless, landless, foot!ree person is the stuff of which armies can be made with the least possible social loss. Because he was so forlorn in peace he is lionized In war. He marries war and the government sews his buttons on and darns the holes in his socks.

Knew He Had Gone for Good.

Mrs. Hannah Thompson, whose husband until recently had been employed as a Pullman porter, interrupted tireproceedings in the Harlem court in a hurried effort to obtain a divorce, says a New York news letter. She was quieted down until a case then being heard was disposed of, and then questioned by the magistrate. When she had explained that her husband had left the previous morning It was suggested by the court that there was no reason to believe that he would not return, and that Mrs. Thompson had better wait before considering any such” move as a divorce action. “Bu I knows that man ain’t never comln’ back,” explained the excited negress. “I was in bed this mornin’ when I heard him gettin’ out very quiet and creepy. He put on his best clothes—new suit, straw hat, patent-leather shoes and a light coat oyer his jirm and I lay very still makin’ out I ain’t awake yet. He walks right to the door, makes a big low bow towards me and says: ‘Good-bye, cold feet, goodbye.’ Judge, that nigger ain’t come back.” *

Decline of English Agriculture.

Up to about the year 1886 all went well with English agriculture and the value of land and rents constantly increased. Then came a few wet, ruinous seasons, largely increasing imports ofgrain, beef, bacon and cheese from the United States and a heavy fall in prices of all kinds of farm products. What was the cause? Simply-that the Western prairie lands were opened up by railroads and those big ranch owners sent their products East. What was not needed in the Eastern states was shipped to English free-trade markets, with the inevitable outcome o* low prices. In a comparatively short while thousands of English farmers were ruined, land fell 40 per cent in price, rents had to be lowered .fully one-third and the rural population decreased.

Much Used.

“Don’t you think your wife has go* a wonderful voice?” “Yes; it's wonderful it hasn’t .given out before this.”