Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 180, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 16 August 1917 — Page 3

THIRD YEAR OF WAR SEES SITUATION OF THE ALLIES GREATLY IMPROVED

Germany’s Position Less Favorable Than One Year Ago or Two Years Ago—ln Principal Theater of War, the West, East and Italian Fronts, the Entente Allies Have Shown Decided Superiority.

New York.— Germany’s situation at the end of three years of war appear, less favorable than it did either one year ago or two years ago. She has to her credit in the last twelvemonth the crushing of ill-pre-pared Rournania and the conquest of two-thirds of that nation’s territory. But in the principal theater of war, the west, east and Italian fronts, the entente allies have shown, on • the whole, a decided superiority to the central powers. In the materials of war the nations fighting for democracy clearly have an increasing advantage over the kaiser s legions. They have dealt the enemy blow after blow which have told heavily in lives, If not In territory. Germany More Desperate. Germany's plight is rendered more desperate than it was on August 1, 1916, by the accession of the United / States and several minor peoples to the ranks of her enemies. Almost the whole world Is now lined up against, that nation. Every belligerent dreads another winter of war, but Germany most of all. She lacks many things to face the rigors of a cold campaign—not only shells and guns,' but wool for warm clothing and sufficient coal to run her rapidly deteriorating railroads and her factories and keep those at home comfortably warm, not to speak of the famine in the food fats so necessary to those facing zero weather. Looking back on the long truce of the spring on the eastern front, it Is hard to realize that the Russians just one year ago were in the midst of a splendid offensive much like that which has surprised the world in the present month. In the 1916 drive Brusslloflf pushed far within Bukowina and Galicia and crossed the borders of Hungary. He took about 350,000 prisoners, mostly Austrians, and forced the enemy to concentrate masses of reliable German troops, aided by a few Turks, to check him. The real reason his drive came to a halt, however, we know now was lack of ammunition, failure of transport, treason within the char’s armies and wretched bureaucratic Inefficiency. These handicaps seem to have been removed from the courageous Muscovites, perhaps for all time., c Unfortunate Rournania.

Roumanja_declared war on the Teutonic powers August 27 and Immediately invaded Transylvania, where the weak Austrian guards were easily pushed back and the important .cities of Henpannstadt and Kronstadt’were soon in the Invaders’ hands. The kaiser sent Von Falkenhayn, a splendid strategist just displaced by Von Hindenburg, as chief of the great general staff, to command on this front, while Von Mackensdn headed the Germans, Bulgarians and Turks, who threw themselves on Roumanla from the south. The Roumanians proved no match for the combination of foes. Skillful work by German spies, or the treachery of certain members of their own army, put the Roumanians’ plans of campaign In the teutons’ hands, it is now divulged. Bucharest fell December 6, and ten days later all Wdlachla was lost. On December 18 Russian troops took over the whole Roumanian front, and a few weeks later the Teuton advance was checked along the line of the Sereth and Danube rivers. Somme Battle Continues. In the west, however, Germany was facing a far different problem from the poorly outfitted and trained Roumanian peasants. When the third year of the war opened the battle of the Somme was still going on vigorously, with the French and British showing a constantly growing superiority over the foe. Bit by bit through the summer and autumn the ground was wrenched from the kaiser’s men until the coming

of winter smothered the offensive “In mud and blood,” and, according to the British commander, Sir Douglas Haig, saved his opponents from an immediate great enforced retirement On September 22 it was announced that the French and British had taken 55,800 prisoners In the Somme battle between July 1 and September 18. This total was later considerably increased. French Win at Verdun. At Verdun, too, the Germans suf- - fered.'The Frenchinbattles ofthe fall and winter won back-most of the ground lost in the offensive of the spring of 1916 and captured more than 15,000 prisoners, with slight losses themselves. >.• The spring campaign In the west □opened" this war with the’ Germans falling back from the great salient spearpoint directed at Paris—confessing thereby either their weakness or their aversion Jo a further offensive, although at the time German writers iilnted darkly that yon Hindenburg “had something up his sleeve." The “strategic retirement” began about March 17, and the*Teutons triumphantly declared it would prevent an allied offensive this year. But they spoke too soOn. On April 9 the. British stormed high Vlmy Bldge, taking on this" and succeeding days about 12,000 prisoners. The other enemy stronghold along the British line was Messin es Bldge, south

of Ypres. This the British blew up by mines June 7, the noise being heard in London. They captured 5,000 prisoners the first day of the offensive and many others later. French Gain Hills. Below the sector of the German retirement the French were equally successful. On April 16 they started a great offensive which resulted in the dominating “Ladies’ road” falling into their hands, besides Important positions in Champagne. Their prisoners the first two days totalled 17,000. On May 6, along the Alsne, they took 6,100 captives and gained points from w’hich they looked down on the foe, as the British did farther north. It should be noted here, however, that the French losses were severe, resulting in the replacement of Nivelle as commander in chief by Petain. The last twelvemonth in the Italian campaign has witnessed a series of costly reverses for the Austrians, but the Italians have been prevented from following up their successes by the very difficult terrain, the beaten Teutons falling back after each defeat to new mountain positions most difficult to attack.

Italians Take Gorizla. , On August 8, 1916, the Italians stormed the stubbornly defended Gorizia bridgehead, on the Isonzo river, taking about 10,000 prisoners, and they followed this success the next day by seizing the city of Gorizla and Increasing the number .of their captives. The Italians launched a new offenslve the first days, of. November and on November 5 they announced -that their prisoners since the fall of Gorizia totaled 40,865. . Winter then stifled operations until May 15, when the Italians returned to the attack In the Carso, aiming at Trieste. On May 18 the haul of Austrian prisoners was announced to be 6,432. The offensive was renewed May 25, 9,000 prisoners being taken the first day. On May 26 Italy stated she had taken 22,414 prisoners since May 14. The last operations left the Italians In an unfavorable tertaln and the Austrians counter-attacked successfully, inflicting important losses, but not driving back the Invaders to any great extent. The Italians apparently settled down to organize the conquered soil in preparation for a new blow. In the Balkans. In the Balkans the deadlock continues, but what changes there have been have favored the allies. At the west end of the lines the gallant Serbians last winter fought their way

TO DRIVE AMBULANCE

; Mrs. Blanche Shoemaker Wagstaff. a prominent author and poet, Is going to France to drive an ambulance with a hospital on the British front. Mrs. Wagstaff will be a valuable addition to "the hospital, being as capable at repairing her machine as she is at driving it She is an expert mechanic and a crack motorcyclist.

DOG’S RESCUE EFFORT FAIL

Collie, Plunging Into River, Vainly Tries to Hold Up Body of His Master. Westfield, Mass. —Joseph Wrogowsky, seven years old, was drowned In the Westfield river at Red Rock after his collie, Fluff, twice tried to bring the boy to shore. Joseph and his nine-year-old brother. William, were playing on the bank. Joseph slipped Into the river. The dog pluhged In, got the lad’s collar In a firm grip and tried desperately to' paddle ashore. The boy dragged the dog under until Fluff was forced to come up

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER. IND.

back on their own soil, and with the help of other troops took Monastir. King Constantine of Greece gave up the forts of Kavala to the Bulgarians and the Germans took about 20,000 Greek soldiers to Silesia as “guests." For this and other acts favoring the Germans he lost his throne. Greece Is now building up a new army of 400,000 men, which will probably soon be fighting for the cause of democracy under the leadwship of the great patriot, Venlzelos. The Italians have - increased their forces in Albania and built excellent communications through the mountains, forming a junction with Sarratt's left and securing ttys end of the Balkan line. When the marshes froze there was a sharp Russian offensive last winter near Riga. Otherwise, the coast front lay dormant for many months, and during the revolution “fraternizing” was rife between the opposing armies. Then the Russians, having put their house in order, set out to show the .kaiser that free men can fight better than slaves. The sectors selected sot lay between the Pinsk marshes and the Carpathians, the same as last summer. Successes were scored at several points, the prisoners by July 11 numbering 42,000. The greatest advance was near Stanislaus, from which city Kornlloff’s men advanced across a series of rivers, capturing Halicz and Kalucz and sabering and bayoneting the beaten Austrians.

Russian Drive Pleases. The unexpected “come back” -overjoyed the allies and filled the Russians at home with martial enthusiasm. The Turks suffered severe defeats In the course of the year at several points. The British splendidly retrieved their reputation in Mesopotamia hy recapturing Kut-el-Am»ra. On March 11 they took Bagdad. They continued several scores of miles further on and also formed a junction with the Russians northeast of Bagdad. Farther north the Russians held on to their more important gains—the great cities, of and Treblzond, but abandoned Mush, Armenia, and a large city but thinly settled region to the foe. Near Jerusalem. Moving out from the Suez canal the British inflicted a severe defeat on the Turks near Romani and then fought their way into Palestine, building a new railroad as they went. A further slight advance would bring them before Jerusalem. The Turks apparently are preparing to abandon the Holy City. They have also removed the Jews from the seaport of Jaffa, treating them so cruelly that hundreds have died.

In Germany’s sole remaining colony, East Africa, converging columns of British, Portuguese and French are closing in on the remnants of the de; fending army and the kaiser’s overseas dominations seem near eclipse. All military observers expect the war will continue through die next winter and the new cainpaftns are awaited with special Interest because American troops will have a chance to show their mettle on the west front.

for air. Fluff filled his lungs, then dived and came up with his master, but was dragged under again until he had to let go. Arthur Bazata came at the older brother’s screams, dived in and brought the body of Joseph to shore. Fluff, who had kept diving desperately, refused to come ashore until Bazata came up with .his master's form and brought it to land.

HEARTY BREAKFAST IS O. K.

French Medical Professor Urges Europeans to Follow Example of Americans. Bordeaux, France. —The American breakfast of ham and eggs,, liver and bacon, beefsteak or other meat, vege-table»-and porridge, as a substitute for the meager European morning meal, is recommended for France by Doctor Bergonie, professor of the Bordeaux" medical faculty. Doctor Bergonie regards this substitution as one of the reforms most likely to relieve the economic situation, by providing rational nourishment and avoiding a great deal of waste. He bases his argument on the fact that man requires sustenance most at the beginning of the day when he is about to make his effort, whereas in Europe he takes his principal meal when his day’s work is half through, when he is half tired out and is Incapable of so digesting his meal as to give him proper support for the rest of the day’s work.

HOW TO WRITE TO SOLDIERS

War Department Announces Rules sos Addressing Letters to Men ‘ at the Front. Washington.—Persons sending letters or cablegrams to American soldiers in France are captioned in a war department announcement to include in the ad dress only the nam e of the soldier, his company, regiment or other unit, and the words “American Expeditionary Force.” The location of the unit should not be mentioned, even if it be known. The envelope should also bear the name and address of the sender. Similar rules prevail for communications from'members of the expeditionary force to friends or relatives in the United States. Troop locations or movements must not be mentioned. Money may be transmitted through postal orders, but arrangements have not yet been -completed tor parcel post service.

CICUTA IS MOST POISONOUS OF PLANTS

(Prepared by the United States Department ot Agriculture.) Clcuta, or water hemlock, is the most poisonous of the plants of the temperate regions both to humans and to domestic animals, yet it Is not generally recognized. The plant Is widely distributed. Unfortunately, it resembles a number of harmless plants and Is not easily recognizable. It belongs .to the same family as carrots and parsnips. It- has a number of popular names, of which the most common is Cowbane or water hemlock. In the mountain regions of the West It is frequently called parsnip or wild parsnip. Other names, less common, are snakeroot, snakeweed, beaver poison, muskrat weed, spotted hemlock and spotted parsley. The plant grows In wet places and Is especially common 4n -some parts of the West along irrigating ditches. It has. a thickened rootstock with roots

YOUNG PLANT, SHOWING FORM OF ROOTSTOCK.

which sometimes take the form of a group of tubers. The cicuta is most readily distinguished from plants of similar appearance growing under the same conditions by the transverse chambers id the rootstock. These can be seen by making a longitudinal section. Further description, except by botanical terras, is difficult, but the circular mentioned presents illustrations that make recognition easier. Only the root of cicuta is poisonous; Cases of poisoning are more frequent in the spring, partly because the root's are more likely to be noticed at that time and partly because they appear to be more poisonous then than later in the season. Occasionally stock find the roots when they are washed out by high water in small streams. Farmers in their plowing sometimes bring to

REGULATE SWARMING TO INCREASE HONEY

Expert of Missouri College Gives Suggestions Intended to Assist Bee Keepers. Bee swarming is natural, and cannot be entirely prevented though it can be regulated. Some strains of honey bees, such as the small black bees, swarm more often than others, though all strains may be expected to swarm whem conditions are right. To secure the greatest production of surplus honey, reduce swarming to a minimum. By repeated, swarming many weak colonies are produced, each of which stores little if any surplus honey, and they may all be so weak that they will perish during the following winter. ' Congestion in the hive, tree or other abode, a restriction of the brood nest, over-heating, due to poor air circulation and the lack of shade, and an overabundance of drones, are some factors which tend to encourage swarming. Leonard Haseman of the University of Missouri college of agriculture offers the following suggestions for regulating swarming: Make the abode of' the colony comfortable, give it shade, remove drone brood, provide plenty of room for surplus honey in the supers, and make sure that the brbod chamber .is large enough to accommodate the colony. The tendency to swarm is usually most noticeable during May,-June and early July, and if the foregoing precautions are taken in time will help prevent development of the swarming fever. ~ If the swarming fever is once developed by a colony, swarming is much mdre difficult to prevent. The careful removal of queen cells every week may help to prevent the swarm from emerging, but may not relieve the swarming fever. By removing part of the brood combs rich in brood and giving them to weaker colonies in exchange for some of their combs which have little or no brood.

the surface a considerable number of roots, and these are eaten by cattle, with resulting sickness and death. In cases of .the poisoning of human beings the recognized treatment is to give an efficient emetic, followed by a cathartic. Some form of opium may be given to control the convulsions when they are violent. If free vomiting Is promptly produced, the patient Is likely to recover. It is obvious that ruminant animals cannot he treated in this way, for the effective clearing of the stomach Is impossible. While hypodermic injections of morphine may be used to aid in controlling the convulsions and a purgative may help In eliminating the poison, ordinarily the convulsions, are so violent that nothing can be done for the animal. So far as live stock are concerned, about all that can be done must be in

the way of prevention. If the land is plowed where the plant grows, care should be taken that no foots are left where stock can get at them. Where the plants grow in great abundance, as they frequently do along irrigating ditches, it is desirable to dig them out. When this is done the roots should not be left on the surface, but should be .destroyed. It is seldom that stock are poisoned when grazing, unless (hey graze along ditches where the plants sometimes grow almost in the water with very little soil and can easily be pulled up. Perhaps there is no way to prevent some cases of poisoning of children. Something might be accomplished, however, if parents and teachers would attempt to make clear to children the danger of eating strange roots.

the normal emergence of brood is disturbed, which tends to relieve the swarming fever. It should be remembered that the production of comb honey encourages swarming more than the production of extracted honey. Under present conditions, when it is so urgent that more honey be produced to relieve the sugar shortage, small as well as commercial beekeepers are urged to produce more extracted or chunk honey and less of the fancy section honey. Bees work more readily in frames thanetn pound sections; and where the honey is extracted and the empty combs returned for refilling much more honey will be obtained. This in itself will materially hylp to regulate swarming.

ERGOT IS DANGEROUS POISON TO ANIMALS

No Remedy for “Ergotism” and Stockmen Should Avoid Grazing on Infested Areas. tural College, F6rt Collins, Colo.) Ergot Is a name applied to one stage of a fungus that works in the heads of a number of grasses. It causes one of the oldest known stock diseases, the so-called “ergotism”, The ergot stage of the fungus is abundant in the fall. It forms pur-ple-black, straight or hornlike, hard structures about one-fourth to one-half inch long. These structures occupy the position of the grain In the head of grass, This hard mass Is not a degenerate kernel of grass, however. The ■black ergot masses vary In size and shape,’ depending upon the plant attacked. They are largest in rye. Ergot develops upon a number of grasses. There is no effective remedy for ergotism. Hence one should become familiar with the appearance of ergot, and avoid grazing stock on badly infested areas arid also avoid cutting Im tested areas of grass for hay.

Home Town Helps

BUNGALOW GAINS IN FAVOR Structure Ha* Individuality of It* Own and Ha* Lost Crudeness That Marked the Earlier Type*. The bungalow has practically revolutionized the entire building plan of the country, from a home construction angle. The structure possesses an Individuality of its own which makes it a real home, not merely a shelter froth the elements. Even an empty bungalow is not as deserted appearing as a vacant house of another type. Apparent crudeness of construction which was characteristic of the early type of bungalow is practically extinct save at the seashore and sylvan camps. Bungalow-ibuildlng has developed through many phases of construction in recent years, but the bowlder continues an effective ally of the builder. Well-planned bowlder adornments, which are at the same time useful, as in a wall or chimney, are always attractive and enhance the beauty ot the building. Popularity of the chalet type of bungalow Is easily explained. It is not only unusually attractive, but makes an excellent plate of abode. In the chalet type more room Js allowed on the second floor than in most other models, yet the low effect is not lost and low porch eaves, which are among the real features of bungalows, are retained. Stucco bungalows hold much favor throughout the country. With a flat roof and with or without a cornice this type of building is attractive. A low-pitched tile or other visible roof would be in keeping with the general plan of a stucco bungalow. Bungalows built very close to the ground, with the first floor but one or two steps up, are also quite popular, especially when portions of it are overgrown with vines. Pergola posts, either of wood or stucco, according to the material used In constructing the bungalow, when overrun with roses or otheK flowers, enhance the beauty of the dwelling.

WARNING LAMP FOR AUTOISTS

Red Light Near Base of Street Standard Keep* Motorists From Strlk* , Ing the Support An electric-light standard In the center of a busy street In Minneapolis

at right angles to each other, surmounted on arms at right angles to each other, surmonted by a large red light indicating that automobiles mtftt keep to the right In passing.—Popular Mechanics Magazine.

Municipal Surveys.

In many cities the chamber of commerce" or another similar organization has undertaken an elaborate and exhaustive survey of the municipal government, with the willing co-operation and helpful suggestions of the executives and departmental heads of the city. The primary object of such a done better at less cost, how service can be improved, how citizens can be brought to a livelier and more enduring realization of their individual duty toward the city in which they are shareholders.

What is the result of such a survey? For one thing, a well-goveyped and well-managed city is attractive in itself. Men like to live in the place that can boast of governmental advantages over other cities. Efficient municipal service at moderate cost is one of the charges that every business man must make against his cost of doing business. The higher the tax, lox exampl eJThe, more “he ft handicapped in his race with - the coriipetl-" tor in another city with moderate taxes.— Exchange.

The Glory of Common Things.

Many a town and city that never was able to mobilize against microbes Is now mobilizing against a human enemy. Citizens who have been lukewarm on the subject of building sewers are enthusiastically discussing the equipment of battleships. Unable to abate the dust on our streets, we are preparing to sweep the seas! Probably the best way to render service to our country Is first to make an earnest effort to realize the glory of common things. Rightly viewed, everything that conserves human life is honorable,* exalted, sacred. The world too long has cherished the belief thatlt isa more illustrious deed to kill men than to feed them.-—Souths era Woman’s Magazine. ■

has a small red light mounted near Its base to Indicate to motorists approaching in the dark that it is a substantial support for the lights above, and that the latter are not, merely a hanging cluster beneath which they can drive in safety. The overhead lamps include four white lights mounted on arms