Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 62, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 15 March 1917 — Page 4

Thirty-Three-Year Job.

The founder of ’•‘synthetic philosophy,” so-called as an attempt at fusing'all the sciences Into a whole, was Herbert Spencer, who died December 8, 1908. Spencer was born In 1820, and his centenary will be celebrated by rhe scientific world three years from uext'jkpril*. It was in 1859, when he -was about forty, that Spencer projected his scheme of philosophy, based on the principle of evolution In its relation to life, mind, society and morals. He proposed a scheme requiring him to complete 11 volumes In 20 years, but he was 33 years at work on it, and Then It had greatly exceeded the original ’ scope. To the accomplishment of his selfimposed and gigantic task he devoted all of his time, strength and mental powers, steadfastly refusing honors and titles. Delicate from infancy, he yet lived to pass his eighty-third mile-

No Baby Carriages in Japan.

One’s first impression reaching Tokyo is that It Lft/exceedingly well, provided with means of transportation. Up through the middle of the city runs the elevated trestle, under which scores of warehouses and shops utilize the Covered space, and on this four-track trestle electric and steam trains enter and .leave in steady streams. The streets are filled with automobiles, motortrucks, bicycles, man-drawn carts—every type of vehicle except the baby carriage. The baby carriage of Japan Is the mother’s back or the daddy’s shoulder, and I have no doubt that this closeness of mother and child throughout months and years has much to do with the excellent behavior of the bright little babies. Street cars pass a given point every minute or two, and at a crossing there are always a halfdozen big trams in sight.—The Christtan HeMM--..

Foxes Mate for Life.

Since the days Aesop’s Fables tales of foxes and their doings have had their place in literature as well as in the folklore of the countryside. Many of their amazing wiles to outwit parsuers or to capture their prey give evidence of extraordinary mental powers. Their bill of fare includes many items, such as mice, birds, reptiles, insects, many kinds of fruits and on rare occasions a chicken. Red foxes apparently pair for life and occupy dens dug by themselves in a secluded knoll nr umrtng rocks. These dens, which sometimes are occupied for years in succession, always have two or more entrances opening in opposite directions, so that an enemy entering on one - side may be eluded readily. The young,, numbering up to eight or nine, are tenderly cared for by both parents.—National Geographic Magazine.

Source of Nux Vomica.

With the exception of Ceylon, which exports a limited quantity of nux vomica, British India Is said to supply the world. Nux vomica seeds and pickings are obtained from the plumllke fruits of the tree. The fruit Is collected and the seeds washed out and dried In the sun, or the seeds are simply gathered from the ground, but in the latter case they have little commercial value. In the forests of Nellore, where the tree is common, the seeds are washed out by a forest.tribe, the Yanadis, and a good price is obtained for them. Cochin nux vomica is collected in the dry deciduous forests at the foot of the Jravancore hills and is sold at a low figure to small native dealers, who send it to the merchants.

Cruller and Doughnut.

Noah Webster, the dictionary maker, was exceedingly fond of crullers. And yet you may go to Ms dictionary in vain to seek the real difference between crullers and doughnuts. His definition of cruller is: “A small sweet cake made of a rich egg batter, cut lntoringß,atripsortwists. andfried brown in deep fat.” His definition of doughnut is: “A small cake usually sweetened, often made with yeast, and fried brown in deep fat.” But a difference is indicated, even in those two ■unsatisfactory definitions and that difference is that a cruller is made of “rich egg batter” and doughnut is just “sweetened dough.”

India’s War on Rats.

In India the unions hate committees to look after the grounds of a church, to beautify the graveyards where their comrades and elders sleep, to care for the famine sufferers ont of their own scanty supplies. In the time of the great plague, so-called “rattall” committees were formed, composed largely of the boys of the societies, whose duty it was to kill as many rats as possible lest they carry the Infection from house to house, and to produce, as proofs of their faithfulness to their task, the tails of the rats that they had killed. —The Christian Herald.

Raising a Mollycoddle.

"My nephew, Leslie Postlewaite Snicker, was his mother’s pride and joy,” said bid Polk: -N.Prod. “When he was small she dressed him in dainty garments until it was hard to determine whether be was Ms mamma’s precious pet or a performing monkey. As Leslie grew up she selected his neckties and his associates; and gratified his every wish until he became as pronounced a sissy and painful sight as I ever witnessed. Apd then Ihe married a square-shouldered young widow, with four children, red hair, .and never knew what struck him."— Judge. ~

DEVICE IS EYE OF ARTILLERY GUNNER

ENABLES HIM TO AIM BIG GUNS MILES WITH. ASTONISHING ACCURACY Some Form of Telomoter Is Used by Artillerists of "Today. In: the older times, when the “man behind the gun" coaid see without trouble the object at which he was aiming the cannon, it was compara tively easy to hit the marie if the chief gunner had a good eye. He guessed veyy correctly and came very near a "bullseye," even if he did not make 1L The problem in ballistics is very different today, when the men at the gun do not see what they are firing at, or what object is many miles to make a "hit" means great exactneMQf aits|ng' A little- Instrument called a telemeter has been invented, and is used by all artillerists in some shape br other. It is actually based upon a very simple and natural idea, one drawn from the action of a pair of eyes in the human head. When we direct our vision toward an object both eyes center upon it and it is easily possible to draw a triangle, the base of which is the distance between the eyes, the two sides converging upon the object looked at. ZZZ When an object is near at hand the eye does the work automatically and necessary. But when the object to be hit is at a great distance the telemeter has to be used. This is a tube with two telescopic lenses, one on each end. The "ot> jectives” of the two lenses are placed inside of the instrument and toward the end of the tube. Prisms with five faces act as reflectors, so that the person looking in has mechanically spread his eyes to the ends of the tube with a tremendous range of vision.

Of course, the ends are so arranged that they may be directed at a single object at the same time, thus making it possible for the observer to see what would otherwise be beyond the power of the human eye, and to know by the angle at which it Is viewed the distance away. It requires a little practice to use this wonderful instrument, but in a few days the operator ascertains how easily he caii determine' the precise distance he is from the object he is looking at, and by a quick calculation he directs the pointing of the gun so that it cannot fail to. strike at the desired point All the calculations are based upon the simple fact of the angle of vision, or rather the triangle which is formed between the two eyes of the instrument and the object aimed aL Different kinds of telemeters are In use, so that they may be held in the hand, fixed to the side of a ship or set up on the earth. But the scientific basis of all Is the same, and through their use precision in fire is assured. —Kansas City Star.

Somewhat Different.

"Ah, how do you do, sir?" ho said, rushing forwardwith'a friendly smile. "I am delighted to see you. How is your wife? How are your children? I a . 3 thinking -- you this morning. It’s a long time since you have been in to see us. Come into my private office, where we can smoke a cigar and have a good talk. Have you any engagement for luncheon? If not I shall be oelighted to have you as my guest at the club. You’re looking as if the world used you mighty well. How do you manage to keep from growing old? I’ve known you for 10 years now, and Jove, you’re looking younger than you did the first time I saw you. If you’re not going to be too busy this afternoon I’d like to take you out in my automobile for a drive through the parks. You’ve never seen tMs town at its best” “No? Fve always been pretty busy on my former Visits.l shall bi glad to accept your invitation. By the way, you hadn’t heard that I had changed to another firm, had you?" "No. When did that happen?" "About two months ago.” "Got a better thing, no doubt I congratulate you. Well, you deserve It I’m mighty glad to hear it Put some in your poeket You’ll want to smoke when we go for our ride." “Thank you, sir. Yes, Fve made a complete change. Instead erf buying 1 m on the other side. I’m selling now, and I think you’ll find my Hne the “Excuse me. I’ve just remembered that I promised to go to lunch with another man, and.eometo think of it I shall not be able to go automobile riding this afternoon. I don’t think of a thing we need. Been getting stout and losing your hair since I saw you last, haven’t you? Will you excuse me? Fm mighty busy today.”—Chicago Record-Herald. The young man who leaves twothirds of a cigar on a. dark comer of the doorstep when he calls ®n his boot girl will into M » hgriMad.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENBBELAER.IND.

BIRDS STILL KEEP SECRET OF FLYING

Man Has Much to Learn In Aorlai Navigation. From Winged ( Tribe. Although of recent years aviation has m_de tremendous strides,- the feats of present day aviators cannot compared with those of nature’s flyers in speed, endurance, lifting and* sighting power, birds beat aviators every time. A common swallow, for instance, can travel In the air at the rate of 120 miles an hour. The vulture when swooping on its prey cuts through the atmosphere at

nearly 150 miles an hour. Some time ago a swallow flew from Antwerp to Complegne, a distance of , 140 miles, in sixty-eight minutes, the ' flight being timed by observers, who returned the bird’s average rate of speed at 128 miles an hour. The fastest an aeroplane has ever 1 traveled is 108 miles an hour, and this ' speed was only obtained by building a little freak machine, terribly dangeroua to handle. Then, again, birds can fly for twenty-four hours at. a stretch with--out descending, even in boisterous weather. After eight or nine hours’ continued flying an aviator is wearied both mentally and bodily, and, if he had strong winds to fight, he is often in a state of collapse. No flyer could carry out long flights across sea and land like cuckoos, for instance, which, any naturalist will tell you, often start from English shores and find their way to Africa. At a height of 10,000 feet the earth In detail is most difficult for an aviator to see, and it is only with strong glasses that he can discern even large buildings and rivers. But, at high altitudes, hawks and kites can spy tiny lizards and field mice on the earth, for their sighting powers are twenty times stronger than those of aviators.—Kansas City Star.

The Motorist’s Black Plague.

Carbon is the '‘blaek plague of the motorist. After three or four thousand miles the lungs of even the bestdesigned motor may be so thoroughly encrusted with the black deposit that it cannot be expected to deliver Its full eciency. This incrustation interferes with the proper radiation of heat, decreases the compression space so that, premature ignitionoccurs, enters the spacer between the valves and their seats, thus causing a loss of compression and power of the explosive force, and may even curl up into points and projections which become incandescent from the heat of the motor and which thus serve as auxil.ary spark plugs, igniting the mixture long before the piston has reached Thetop of its stroke. And for this “black plague” there are relatively as many so-called “cures” on the market as for any disease afxecting the hum an anatomy. These are in the form of chemicals ard mechanical devices which may or may not .prove of benefit to the motorist, depending not only upon the individual merits but also upon the manner in which they are used. Carbon formation may be attributed to one or all of three primary causes, as follows: First, the lubricant; second, the mixture; and third, the mechanical condition of the motor. /JI lubricant contains carbon, otherwise it would not be a mineral oil. But this car bon h combined with hydrogen to form the "hydrocarbon” which is the general classification of all mineral fuels and lubricants. When combined in this -state it does no harm, as it is only when the excess carbon is freed from the oil that it will “distill” out in the form of the deposit which proves so annoying to the motorist. Some grades of oil possess a greater amount of free or uncombined carbon than others, and these, ’it would seem, would be the ones which would leave the greatest amount of carbon when they are burned in the cylinders. But the nature of this carbon residue will largely determine the amount remaining in the engine, -for if it is of the dry, powdery type it will blow out with each exhi.ust stroke, whereas if it is of the gummy, sticky kind it will accumulate on the iron surfaces and gradually harden as it is subjected to continually increasing degrees of heat. But not only should oil of the proper quality be selected, but it is important also that the lubricant should be of the correct thickness or “viscosity,”, as it is termed. A thin oil may betadapted to one type of motor having but infinitesimal clearance between the piston and cylinder walla, * heavier oil would be needed if tMs space is greater, or if the e ngine is to run at a higher decree of heat. For example, a motor having badly worn piston rings or scored cylinders, which permit a thin oil to pass by the piston, would smoke bau .y if the grade suitable tb that motor when new were employed. In this case, a heavier oil than that recom mended should be used to overcome thf mechanical defects- of the worn motor. The proper mixture to be supplied tb the cylinders is also an import am consideration in c vercoming the car bon ayil.—Leslie’s.

Bystander—But I don’t see you questioning umpire’s decisions. I Isn’t that rather unusual? Chimmie—Hub! When de umpire, owns de only bat, ball, glove, and mask in de neighborhood? —Puck. 'jjgMjgwMOliiii f i ' Gim ■IF 18~ ‘ nniibi.wtn.vf 7 iptir *■ ../ • ‘‘ ' » -7—r-

Reason.

10 PAIR TWINS TO EACH 100 BABIES

/ —.... THAT’S PROPORTION BORN IN U. S. AND GREAT BRITAIN, PHYSICIANS FIND Greater Number Found In Cold Countries Than In Warm Climes. In England and the United States there are ten pairs of twins among each 900 everage babies born. In, countries of lower latitude the proportion is considerably less; so far as the matter has been studied the relative number of twins in a Warm country has been found much smaller than in a cold country.. For a given proportion of the population nearly twice as many twins are born in Russia as in Spain, for example: It has been found that twins run in families, that is, the tendency to give birth to more than one child at a time is handed down from mother to daughter. If a woman has given birth to one or more sets of twins the chances are that her daughter will do likewise. In about two out cases twins are of the same sex. In the case of ‘‘ldentical’’ twins, however, either both are boys or both are girls. Identical twins are different from the ordinary kind, being practically one person in duplicate and having almost a single Identity, very much as if they were halves of the same individual. The mental, moral and physical attributes of the one are the sama as those of the other. While the ordinary twins resemble each other more or less, identical twins usually cannot be told apart. Another pecu— anguishing characteristic of indentical twins is the extraordinarily close sympathy that exists between them, each being apparently connected with the other through some peculiar psychological medium. "Coalesced” twins, as they are called by doctors, are believed by some authorities to be identical twins who for some reason have not been fully separated from each other. Evidently in the earliest stages of their existence they were formed as a single individual, then, through some strange, unknown psyslological accident, the embryo was partially separated into two parts. While comparatively rare, these physiological phenomena are by no means unfamiliar to the medical profession. Usually .they die in early infancy. In this country triplets occur once in each 7,910 births and quadruplets once in each 371,125. MediCal records show only twenty-nine instances in which five children have been born simultaneously to one mother.—Pathfinder. ,

TRAPPER HAS FUTURE HOME IN FAR NORTH

Driven Out of Other Parte of Land, He Finds Permanent Refuge. Perhaps the most romantic commercial Industry in the world is the fur trade of the Hudson Bay Co. This orgahiation of "gentlemen adventurers,” as it was called at first, has opened the great northland and supplied a large part of the world’s fur. Furthermore, time and civilization have not changed its ways nor rubbed the glamour of romance off its doings; for the great northland must be much the same. There are barrens and forests and mountains that civilization can never conquer. Here in the north the trapper, who has been -driven out of every other part of the land, has found a permanent home. In some places railroads have carried civilization into the Hudson Bay country, and the great company has met it half way by establisMng motorboat lines to connect with the railroad, and more elaborate stores to sell the wares it brings. But there are other Hudson Bay posts that are so far removed from the world that it is nine years from the time the goods leave London until the furs for wMch they are exchanged return. These remote little posts consist of nothing but a square factor’s house, a few tents and a little wooden church where an Itinerant priest holds services once a year. And all about for distances that weary the Imagination to picture are frozen barrens and forests and lakes. To a white man, this is the most inhospitable country in the world, but the ease with wMch an Indian trapper lives and travels in it is amazing He knows how to find the caribou and the snow shoe rabbit, and how to keep warm at night in a hole in the snow. With a dog, a sledge, an ax, chunk of bacon, a rifle and a few cartridges, he will face that wilderness alone for weeks or months —and all to bring wealth to the great company.

Measure of Time.

"Say," asked the first messenger boy, “got any novels to swop?” "I got ‘Big Foot Bill's Revenge,’” replied the other. "Is it a long story?" /' "Naw! ye kin finish it easy to two messages. Catholic Standard sad Times. • . A cheek of brass m«ff flfiSMe a Stoa to aOMfIM Sold. '■

Major George H. Healey Active in Monnett Campaign.

w ( ' Major George H. Healev was able to be up town today- and has taken hold of No. 7 of the Monnett Campaign Fund and is making things prove. He was in charge of the program today after the lunch at the | headquarters and he made a most ex- ' cellent address in behalf of the movement. The spirit and enthusiasm shown (by the Major would, if imparted 4o others, make the raising of the amount desired an assured fact. The .people with little means but with large hearts are doing splendidly in making subscriptions but many of the people with considerable wealth have not yet announced their pledges. - Evansville is attempting to raise $500,000 for a small school which it hopes to bring from Moores Hjll. Can Rensselaer fail to raise $25,000 for a larger institution? To win in this enterprise will be glorious; to meet defeat will be shame. ■*

The Ladies’ Literary Society will meet at the auditorium of the public library Friday afternoon, March 16, at 2:30. F. W. Moore and F. C. Daugherty, of Otterbein, were in Rensselaer on business today. Mrs. W. C. Kincaid, wife of the International Harvester Co. blockman for this district, entered the hospital Wednesday evening for medical treatment. Mrs. Calvin Cain continues to improve in a very gratifying manner. All hospital patients are getting along nicely. Bom, Saturday, March 10, to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Jordan, of Hanging Grove township, a boy. vL __________ -

POMPEII IS DEADEST OF ALL DEAD CITIES

Instead of Building Up New Districts, Town’s People Dig Out Old Ones. Pompeii is the deadest of dead cities, having been thoroughly and completely killed by Mount Vesuvious, but nevertheless it is growing as fast as some enterprising town >.ith a busy board of trade. Instead of building up new and desirable districts in Pompeii, they dig

iem out. The town can go on growing for quite a while yet if the appropriation for excavation holds cut. There is something exceedingly saddening and depressing about Pompeii , Even _ the . approach seems to have been artistically designed to lead up the grand effect The way runs between the sea on the right hand and an old and battered countryaide on the left, with half ruined, run down villas set about with the curiously symmetrical Italian stone pines that look like artificial trees with too smooth perfection of form. At the very gates of the ruined city there is a great display of greenery as though nature were trying to heal the scar of what she had wrought in one of her moments of anger. Perhaps, indeed, she would have covered over the dead cities by thia time with a smooth and decent mantle, leaving the ruins and skeletons to slumber beneath unsuspected and undisturbed; but the antiquarian and the shovel gang have come along to dig up the dead of another age, and the silent, empty city they have excavated is like one great tomb. Before you come to Pompeii you think that there will be something magnificently impressive about tMs ghost of an Mien-time preserved by the wrath of a volcano. It is pathetic rather than impressive, however. You can trace, or your guide in bad English will trace few you, just how the currents of that far off life flowed in the channels of every day domesticity with home and temple and tavern just as the life of today. You come expecting to view curiously the remains of a life infinitely different from your own. As you walk about the empty streets rutted by the wheels of vanished chariots, you are cast down because that life was so infinitely the same. '

Slight Error.

A couple of sailors just returned from a long voyage strolled into the parlor of a public house. Above the rumble of the traffic in the street Could be heard a very , harsh and unmusical voice. Afjer listening for a moment, one of the sailors turned to his companion and said: "Eh, Jack, lad, it’s a long time since we heard that song." “What songF’ "The one that fellow’s singing in the street—'The Light of Other Days. ” t “Stow it!" ejaculated the other gruffly. "That fellow ain’t singing ‘The Light of Other Days' at all. I've been listening to him; he’s piping ‘The Banks of Allan Water.’"' Each Bailor was certain that he was right, and, with characteristic contempt for money, a wager was made —a month’s pay depended upon the result "Here, Tommy," called out, one of the men to the little son of the landlord, "run out and get to know what that fellow is singing." Tommy departed on his errand, wMch did not take many minutes. “Well," demanded Jack, "wMch of ns “Naythur,” replied Tommy, grinlug. “The fellow is not singing at all; he’s hawking herrings!"—TitBits. ' _____ Do you know a successful business man who does not advertise.? For the successful merchants a* th|s, city consult iur advertisers.

REVOLT IN KITCHEN

WHY MR. GUNNEY, WAS EATING CRACKERS AND CHEESE. IF Unlike Most Husbands, However, He Was, Willing to Admit That Hie Bet- •, ter Half Really Had Some Good Reason to Be Mad. “Bassett,” requested Mr. Gunney, leaning over the counter of the general store, “I wish you’d give me ’bout a pound of crackers ■ and mebbe five cents’ wuth of cheese. You needn t wrop it up,” he went on as Mr. Bassett reached for the twine. “I expect to eat it right here, if you don’t mind the crumbs.” Caleb Peaslee, watching placidly, turned to Mr. Gunney. —"Ain’t that a kind of light diet /or you, Obed?” he asked. ain’t *• left ye. has she?” , Mr. Gunney shifted his feet and reddened perceptibly. — “Wai, yes,” he admitted, “I d’know but ye could call it that. She’s gone Dedham for the day.” Caleb grinned with neighborly malice. “She didn’t leave a great sight of grub cooked up,” he said, “if -you’re down to crackers and cheese already.' What you ben doin’, Obed?” Obed looked at Caleb with a whimsical smile.

“ ’Twas my fault, Caleb,” he admitted sheepishly, “and now I’m gettlu’ paid out for it. “Prob’ly it was six months ago —my Wife says ’twas, but it don’t seem nothin’ like that long ego to me—that she begun to pester me ’bout fixin’ the kitchen ch Iml ey. She claimed ft didn’t d#aw as it ought to, and, to be honest, there were times when it smoked consid’able. But you know how ’tls. A man does the work that seems to be crowdin’ him wust, and letsxthe rest go with a lick and a promise—and in this case ’bout all the chimley got was the promise. “Course I was cal’latin* to fix it when T got round to it, but it was one of them jobs that seems 'sif they can be done ’bout as well one time as another, and fin’ly my wife quit talkin’ ’bout it, and I let it go out of my mind cotnplete. “I noticed from time to time that when she’d be cookin’ and I was round the kitchen she’d be kind of short and curt with me, and her mouth would be shut sort of tight; but that ain’t oncomffion with most women, and it’s better tp let ’em alone at such times, I’ve found. “L s’pose what brought things to a head was my goln’ off yesterday. I suppose I might jest as well and better been at home flxin’ that chimley; as I told you, since she quit talkin’ ’bout It, I ain’t thought of it seurcely. I told her them very words this mornin’, and they only made her madder. “ ‘Wai,’ s’she, ‘you pay heed to what I say this time, for it’s my last word. “ ‘There was food ’nough cooked this mornin’ for one person’s breakfast,’she says, bitin’ the words off short, ‘and I et it myself. What you’re goin’ to do for breakfast I don’t know, but I ain’t goin’ to get it for you—not on that stove, with the chimley in the shape it is now! “ Tm goin’ to get ready now,’ s’she, 'and go over to Dedham for the day. I’ll be back tonight, and if by that time you’ve got that chimley fixed, well and good. But,’ she says, with her mouth shut tighter’n ary bear trap you ever see, ‘not one spoonful of victuals do 1 cook over thnt stove till* it is fixed and you can lay your mind to that!’ “And with that,” continued MrT Gunney gloomily, “off she went, and-Lmake no doubt she was In the right on’t.” He rose and brushed the cracker crumbs from his lap. “I guess I’d better be gettin’ back to work on that chimley,” he remarked; and Bassett and Mr. Peaslee grinned in sympathy.—Youth’s Companion.

How Efficiency Works.

The manager of a large eastern factory has been quoted as saying: , ‘"The benefits from scientific management derived by our employees in the making of paper and paper boxes—and we have been working under it only two and one-half years—are: Average increase in wages, 15 per cent; reduction in working hours, 10 per Cent; a feeling of greater confidence in that the tasks set by means of a scientific study of the work are known by the employee to be accurate. “A recent test on machines producing 85 per cent of our boxes shows the difference between the time allowed for two thousand hours of work and the time actually taken was less than three-fourths of an hour. “It has been said by opponents that individuality is lessened or taken away. Our experience has been exactly the reversei”

Chinese Flour Milling.

Operations were begun recently in Shanghai by a new flourmill, built entirely with Chinese capital, the machinery for which was purchased in the United States. It is known as a “thousand-barrel mill,” but has been able to turn out about 1,400 barrels a_ day. The total investment in machinery is 175,000 taels, or about $130,000. ’ The flour-milling industry fn China has expanded considerably in recent years. Assisted by war-time freights, it has affected the recent trade. The market for machinery in connection with, this Industry is likely to be Important. ■ ■' -