Evening Republican, Volume 21, Number 29, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 5 February 1917 — Page 2

The Right and Wrong Ways to Prune Shade Trees

by H.C.Major

No one thinks of shade trees as a profitable crop , and yet of all vegetable growth cultivated by man, none renders more generous return

rN-SP«AKING wltb-n mf?*™ r *~ <ently concerning the benefits deeteod from the plauUmc. .ul ..sbude. trees, shrubbery nnd vines nroumi u house, he said: “It is surprising to 'me that more people do not give gr«'liter attention to this phase of home development. In my life I have built five houses and in every instance I have planted some shade trees, roses and other shrubbei y~becn use 1 hot btny tTiF” mire them and love, to see them grow and develop but in the selling of' my property I have realised several hundred dollars more than I would have, had there been no plantings made.” Another writer says: “Twenty-five dollars would plant, and care for at least five elm trees for a ten-year per[flit —rn§~a~mddcrate esTTmaTe to say~ that at the end of the second year, a building lot would be worth SIOO more for their proseßee.- - the end of Ho years no man who owued the land on which they Stood would take SIOO apiece for them. Plant an elm or a a

Study the Structure of the Tree Before Undertaking to Prune It.

maple near your home nnd look upon it i as a SIOO endowment policy, maturing I in 1940, with no premiums after the first year.” the end of ten yettrs, for the return of shade and attractiveness only, what would be-the value-of five good bearing walnut trees. There is no tree more handsome or suitable for planting if only shade and attractiveness is wanted. We think all practical, and really right-minded farmers agree that shade trees beautify anil enhance the value of farm property, and the wonder is that any farmer will neglect to plant trees about his home. Of course, they require soma little atten-, tion for a while at least, and later on tney must be pruned and cared for if the best results are to be had from this form of investment. It would be the height of folly to take the trouble of planting trees, and then consider that the work is ended ‘forever on that tree. To obtain symmetrical, handsouie _ trees*, they must be pruned. There wrong way of " pruning shade trees. Topping should preferably be done after the leaves drop in the fall and before the buds, swell, in the spring but it is-safe ~toT do the work at other seasons. Why We Prune Trees. To remove dead wood.— -The reason for removing dead wood is It is in the way. It breeds disease; it is unsightly and dangerous. The way tn do it is to cut it out, removing all dead or decayed portion. Smooth off the surface so that water will not gather. If a jhvity remains, paint it with a lead paint to keep out fungous and Insect pests, then fill the hole with a material that will keep out the moisture and squirrels and upon which a new bark may'find support to grow. To remove crowding branches.— Branches that rub against and. bruise one another when the wind blows should be taken out as soon as possible. The branch should be cat off clean, close to the main stem with a slanting cut so that water will drain ok. Then coat with a tar or lead paint to keep off water and insects, which bore luib-aud lay eggs 4»~greeu "wood. To increase flowers and fruit.—lnorder to understand t ids we must be able to distinguish between leaf and flower buds. The flower buds are usually larger and of different .shape from leaf buds. By removing limbs or twigs ■which contain only leaf buds we will accomplish our purpose.'The cur must be made clean and smooth and if a large surface of heart wood is left exposed it should be painted. In removing such limbs care must be taken not

MEN’S SHOES NOT BEAUTIFUL

Only the th| Species" , 4 .Seems to Pay. IflteqWtl? Attend 's§ tion to the Footgear. __ Xp impassioned 6ommercial person yatse* this -searching question, 4n large letters and quite Regardless of expense: “Why Shouldn’t Shoes Be Beautifulr Well, Why not? One trouble Is that they are made from jbe pickled hide* of deceased" animals

to destroy the natural symmetry and "o~f'~'ffie"s'Decimeh. This naturaliy symmetrical shape is precise and fairly regular in its occurrence due to a type structure explained later. To remove unbalanced parts.—lt is a common practice to prune in order to thicken the head, strengthen the specimen, and—create * more dense shade. This is the question that most interests us in the general shaping and care of ornamental trees. We want to know how to “top” our soft maples* elm a,t tlie same time. * Tree Structure. To understand topping we must study tree structure. Trees are either opposite or alternate leaved. In the opposite-leaved trees, the terminal bud develops u new stem. The side buds develop also and each in turn develops a terminal bud and side buds*- This kind of a tree-form# naturally u “leader” or stem that grows straight from the ground to the top of the tree and the liinha-imleasniccident.. ally injured tend to develop symmetrically about- it —e. g., the maple. When you top such a tree or in other words remove the terminal bud, ■you give iii'6re~"strengtlil:o li)Uds. They develop-more abundantly, thickening -the tree and reducing Its spindly length, until it becomes a stronger and a denser shade tree. Such a tree should be topped before it gets so that the. cut will not 4ioal~oveiv and- the cut place must be made-smooth and waterproof. On the other hand the alternate-leaved trees tend to send a branch first to-one side and then to the other side —e,„g., the elm. Until the tree grows out of reach of our hand and strength we can keep it bent straight or the one-side bud removed so that it will tend to send up a straight stem. But as soon as it gets beyond our reach' the identity ®f the trunk is lost in the branches and one may not as a rule trace the main | trunk clear to the top of the tree. If sucli a tree is topped from time to time we may easily leave the last bud always on the same side of the stem and a tree will grow all io one side. Beyond this we must consider the natural strength of a tree. There is no object in trimming or topping n strong hardwood tree such as an oak or a sugar maple that ordinarily tvoufd hot he broken in the wind. Such a tree is naturally adapted to self-forma-tion and unless injured by some ex--I,Trial cause will take care of itself. There are two other things we must know afiout trees. First, certain varieties or species will never make good ornamental shade trees and should not

and get rather closely trimmed in the factories. If the original fur was left on in all .its bright meadow tints ot roan, bay and piebald, to match the tweeds that business men wear in magazine stories, the Issue of beauty would take care of itself as far as most male- footgear is_ concerned, and the. old injunction. your beatfoot foremost would then have a more liberal significance. Shoes also have a lot to stand for: they are poked and scuffled into all manner of places; they enjoy no human association or

' THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

be used. Many are poor because they are too open; buds' too far apart on the stem and branches come out at long intervals. Other trees are objectimiaWe -because- «£ the -bad odor of their flowers, brittle twigs, dropping" leaves, shedding of bark, or short Use. Secondly, the method of branching or the angle of branching with the trunk affects its form. . : ; The Six Forms. There are six forms into which trees may be grouped. a. Vase form —elm. b. Itound-topped—-maple. c. Boxiform —hlckoirr, d. Coniform —spruce or pine. e. Pyramidal—Lombardy poplar. f. Grotesque —artifc mlly propagated frees like the umbrella catalpa or Tea’s weeping mulberry. the branches bend up, then out and down—the trunk forming the stem*. Topping this tree will make it dished on top and weaken its structure, Itcannot grow together again and a. “fatal crotch” is formed in the branches. (b) Round-topped.^ —The branches of round-topped trees grow out and then bend up and inward, forming a globular top. Cutting off the tips of such branches thickens the top and strengthens the growth. (c) Boxiform. —Trees that are included in the boxiform group also branch squarely or at right angles to the trunk~ahd she Top'Tyrancbes extend to approximately the same length as the lower ones. (d) Coniform.—Branches of treesdn the coniform group form a right angle with the trunk. The lower limbs are wide and the others shorter as they approach the top of the tree until the tree tapers down to a point. (e) Pyramidal. The Lombardy poplar and -others of the pyramidal type have liiybs that tend to grow straight upwards, parallel to the tninkr —= (f) Grotesque trees. —Trees of the grotesque class are of odd and unusual character. They are either too irregular or too foriusil. to be adapted tr»~ naturalistic blariflog and usually branch too low to allow traffic underneath. It would be safe then to say that softwood trees like cottonwood, box elder, soft maple’ and catalpa need topping. Locusts, sycamores, and hickorios need to have dead-wood removed before it falls. Other trees need to be shaped or headed up and given a fair start in life when they are 12 to 20 feet high. If this is done they will thereafter take care of themselves unless artificially or accidentally injured. What Trees Shall I Plant? Trees adapted to shade on lawn and street must have the following characteristics: 1. Tall and wide spreading. 2. Straight trunk and well balanced top. ' 3. Long life and durability of wood. 4. Strength of limb and freedom from insect and fungous pests. 5. Deep root system. 0. No litter of leaf, flower, fruit or bark. * 7. Branching high enough from ground to permit traffic underneath. -—B. Easy +o transplant and affording dense shade. v Try tlie following here stated in the order of thbir preference: .. , : 1. —American elm. 2.—Sugar maple. 3.—Haekberry. 4—Sweet gum. 5. American . and European lindens 6. —IMu and Laurel oaks. 7.—Norwaj maple.

attention after leaving the shop save from the lowlier sons of Africa and the Mediterranean.’’ Only in football season does the male boot get any exalted place in the eye and prints. Woman, in her role as emancipator and innovator, has been giving the once humble'shoe its due place frr the sun these last few years, but man -still lags. So economics, sociology and philosophy may collaborate to find reasons, but, we suspect, the reaJ answer to 'that question Is “feet”Collier's Weekly. < .<■*>

“CASCARETS" ACT ON LIVER; BOWELS J • No sick headache, biliousness, bad taste or constipation by morning. Get a 10-cent box. Are you keeping your bowels, liver, and stomach clean, pure and fresh with Cascarets, or merely forcing a passageway every few days vMthSalts, Cathartic Pills, Castor Oil Of Purgative Waters? ~ Stop having aTlurff ° T UoFCascarets thoroughly cleanse and regulate the stomach, remove the sour and fermenting food and foul gases, take the excess bile from the liver and carry out of the system all the constipated waste matter and poisons In the bowels. A Gascaret to-nighr wnr make you feel great by morning. They work while you sleep—never gripe, sicken or cause any inconvenience, and cost only 10 cents a box from your store. Millions of-men and women take a Cascaret now and then and never have Headache, Biliousness, Coated Tongue, Indigestion, Sour Stomach or Constipation. Adv.

Lost Opportunity.

“I see an old gentleman approaching. wears a silk hat and seems absorbed in a pamphlet he is reading. Farther down the street several small boys are waiting with snowballs in their hands. What will happen?” “Nothing. I know something those small boys evidently don’t know. The old gentleman has to walk only about ten feet before lie will turn into his -own house, where, I assure you, he will be quite safe.”

A REAL KIDNEY MEDICINE — - ALWAYS RELIABLE I feel that I ought to tell what I know about Swamp-Root and what it has done for me. I was down and out and had to quit work in 1906; I only weighed 135 pounds. The doctor said I had Kidney trouble in the worst form, and my liver was out of order; and I had Rheumatism so badly I could not get around. One day I picked up an Almanac and saw your advertisement, and it fit my case I got a one-dollar bottle and took it and when it was gone I felt so much better that I bought five more bottles of Dr. Kilmer’s Swamp-Root and I was a well man; my weight increased until I weigh 219 pounds. 1 am 65 years old and I am - feeling fine and work every day.—l have three men who knew me when I had to quit work in the Mill in 1906, and who will make affidavit to my present health. If you want to use the above statements as my testimonial, you have my consent.Youra very truly, W. T. GRAVES, Anderson, Indiana. Personally appeared before me, this 4th day of February, 1914-, W. T. Graves, who subscribed the above statement and made oath that the same is true in substance and in fact. ROBERT E. BRAGDON, _ t r-r-" —rz . . —Notary Public. —" My commission expires Jan. Bth, 1917. Prove What Swamp-Root Will Do For Yo* Send ten cents to Dr. Kilmer & Co., Binghamton. N. Y n for a sample size bottle. It will convince anyone. You will also receive a booklet of valuable information, telling about the kidneys and bladder. When writing, be sure and mention this paper. Regular fifty-cent and onedollar size bottles for sale at all drug ■torse.—Adv, ,i—

New Industry for South Africa.

After experiments lasting more than a yearrit fias been founa that the manufacture of vegetable oils and soap can be made a profitable industry in South Africa. a

FOR PIMPI Y »CFB T Cutlcura Is Beat—Samples Free by Mall to Anyone Anywhere. An easy, speedy way to retnove pimples and blackheads. Smear the affected surfaces with Cutlcura Ointment. Wash off in five minutes with Cutlcura Soap and hot water, bathing some minutes. Repeat, night and morning. No better toilet preparations exist. Free sample each by mail with Book. Address postcard, Cutlcura, Dept. 1* Boston. Sold everywhere. —Adv.

To Be Sure.

- “A, writer says the average SPajUL boy is no longer ambitious to fight Indians.” * “And no wonder. Tackling adversaries who are not familiar with the use of machine guns, asphyxiating gas and hand grenades in warfare would b« rather tame sport nowadays.”

ACTRESS TELLS SECRET§gjjg A well known actress gives the following recipe for gray hair: To half pint of water add 1 os. Bay Bum, a small box of Barbo Compound, and M os. of glycerine. Any druggist can put this up or you can mix It at home at very little cost. Full directions for making and use come in each box of Barbo Compound. It will gradually darken streaked, faded gray hair, and make it soft and glossy. It will not color the scalp, Is not sticky of greasy, and does not rub off. Adv.

Quite Damp.

“The Gllthera baby threw a bundle of stock Into the fire yesterday morning." “What a loss 1 It was destroyed, of course?*’ “No. Gllthera bought the stock from a promoter. It was too full of water to burn.” 1

Dr. Pierce** Pleasant Pellet* are the original little liver pill* put up 40 yew* ago. They regulate liver and bowel*.—Adv. Bang! “Did you know that the Steenth tional bank ha* busted?” “Yes; I heard the report**

THE BASIS OF CANADA’S RICHES

■ | L_ ' A Theme Discussed by the Wail Street Journal. In speaking of Canada a short time ago the Wall Street Journal made the statement that “The basis of Canada’s riches is the fertility of the soil, and no freak of warfare can injure that while her grain will increase-im de« mand as the population of the world grown. As un tnvestment-fleld Canada is worthy of consideration.” These words are well worthy of attention, especially coming from such a source as this eminent financial journal. With a land area exceeding that of the United States and with tillable areas coming under cultivation, the wealth. of Canada’s future can scarcely be estimated, while the wealth today is such as to bring her most prominently before the world. Durjng the past year thousands of farmers In Western Canada sold their crops for more than the total cost of their land. Lands at from sls to S3O an ..ere produced crops worth S4O to $75 an acre. Stock raising and dairying werejequ ally profitable. The year 1915 saw most wonderful ctops and magnificent yields over the entire country, and many farmers wiped out indebtednesses that had hung over them long before they came to the country, the year 1916 put them In a condition of absolute Independence. A report to hand verified by a high official might seem marvelous, were the particulars not well known, and where are not other cases that would seem almost as phenomenal. This is a southern Alberta story: A farmer wished to rent an adjoining farm on which a loan company held a mortgage, The applicant said he wanted the first ten bushels of wheat, after which he would divide, giving the loan company one-third. After threshing he paid into the bank at Calgary sl6 per acre for every acre cultivated, to the credit of- the loan company, as their share or their third of the crop. Sixteen dollars per acre rent. His two-thirds was $32 and in addition the first ten bushels of wheat. Land on this sapie security, can be purchased for from sl6 to S3O per acre. Wonderful yields are reported from all parts of'this district. Recently 4,640 acres of a ranch were sold-to an.llll-

nois farmer; 300 acres of wneat m 1916 produced a yield that averaged 42% bushels of wheat per acre. George Richard, formerly of Providence, R. L, on a southern Alberta farm got 2,052 bushels of wheat from a 50-acre field, or over 40 bushels per acre, and from a 50 acre field of oats got a return of 76 bushels per acre and still had some sheaves left over for feeding. A report just issued by the Alberta government gives the yield-of wheat in the showing of 1916 as 28 bushels per acre; 45 bushels of oats and 30 bushels of barley. Travelers through Alberta’s wheat belt have had revealed to them scenes of agricultural productiveness unapproached in any other part of the world. Alberta, farms, selected with even moderate discretion, have raised men to independence and affluence with records of wonderful development unsurpassed amongst the phenomenal industrial success of which Canada well may boast. Many almost incredible yields have been reported by reliable authorities, wheat exceeding 70 bushels per acre and -oats-146-bushels. Numerous records show that the cost of farms has been more than repaid by this year’s crop. In one instance, land purchased for $3,200 produced wheat which was sold for a little over SIO,OOO. During the year 1917 there will be' an immense amount of labor required to take care of the crop in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. One of the problems which Western Canada has to face every year is the securing of an adequate supply of labor to handle the harvesting and threshing of its big crops. This problem, indeed. Is always present in any country that lias a big agricultural production; in the ense of western Canada it is enhanced by the comparative sparsity of population and the long distance from industrial districts, which can be expected to offer a surplus of labor. In Western Canada the present difficulties are Increased by the war. A very large number of Western Canada’s small population have enlisted for service with the Canadian forces in Europe, and at the present time there is generally speaking no surplus of labor for the ordinary channels of industry, to say nothing of the abnormal demands of harvest time. The situation, however, has to some extent been met by the action of the Canadian militia department, who have released all such men who are still in training in the western military camps and who desire to engage in harvest work for a period of generally one month. J The actual number of men engaged In 1916 in harvest’work was between forty and fifty thousand. Wages were higher than usual, running from $2.50 to $4.00 a day with board, and from $35 to S6O a month,—Advertisement. -—'- - . . Mrs. C. R. Brown of Los Angeles Cal., otyps a cat which is twenty-on« years old. , - Only one woman to every 1,000 met in the United States is protected by at eight-hour law.

CLIMBED STAIRS ON HER HANDS Too ID to Walk Upright Operation Advised. Saved by Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound. % .This woman now raises chickens and does manual labor. Read her story: Richmond, Ind.—“ For two years I waa so sick and weak with troubles from mv age that ifmriHUilimH when going up lUo[ Shy stairs 1 had to go I UMIHnW I very slowly with ■ at die top to rest. The doctor said he have an operation, and my irienda live to move, into our new house. My daughter asked me to try Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound as she had taken it with good results. I did so, my weakness disappeared, I gained in strength, moved into our new home, did all kinds of garden work, shoveled dirt, did building and cement work, and raised hundreds of chickens and ducks. I cannot say enough in praise of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound and if these facts are useful you may publish them • for the benefit of other women.’’-Mrs. M. O. JOHNSTON, Route D. Box 190, Richmond, Ind. TO KILL RAT 9, MICE AND COCKROACHES always use m Mr STEARNS’ fry- I ** ELECTRIC PASTE Y U. S. Government Buys It | SOLD EVERYWHERE —25 c *I.OO

The Spirit of Victory.

“Nothing cun beat this,” says a French journal, commenting on an article published by the Austrians in a little paper in Montenegro called the News of Cetinje. The little paper notes that on Mount Lovcen will be erected a colossal monument to recall to future generations the conquest by the Austrian armies of this Gibraltar of the Adriatic. The sketch of this work, presented to the Emperor Francis Joseph but a short time before his death hy the artiet, was approved by the. aged ruler. It represents the Spirit of ■ VfCtory. Its enormous hands are crossed upon a gigantic sword and it looks toward a horizon “beyond which now trembles the traitress Italy.

Poor Ear for Music.

“TTas your daughter finished her musical education?” “I suppose so,” answered Mr. Twobble, “but sometimes whea she la play?.. Ing one of those classical pieces it seems to me that she is starting to learn all over again.”

Cure that cold “Do it today. cascaraDquinine The old family remedy—ln tablet ——form-safe, sure, easy to take. No opiates—no unpleasant after Cures colds in 24 hours—Grip in 3 days. Moitey back if it fails. Get the genuine box with Red Top and Mr. Hill’s picture on it—2s cents. At Any Drug Store CHILDREN WHO ARE SICKLY t Mothers who valus the health of their children should never b» without MOTHER CRAY’S SWEET POWDERS TOR CHILDREN, for use when needed. They tend to Break up Golds, Relievo Feverishness, Worms, Constipation, Headtrade kark ache, Teething disorders Don't accept and Stomach Troubles, any Substitute. Used by Mothers for 30 years. Sold by Druggists everywhere 25 cts. Trial package FREE. Address THE MOTHER GRAY CO.. LE ROY. N. Y. mirirussEs SEJ mini BLAIR fresh, reliable : Hi western rtockI ,M* -la a men, because they TjBKjOTAbJhHWMR protect where other " Write for booklet and testimonial*. ( mu. 10-dost pit*. Blackleg Pills, SI.OO 80-dass m Blteklif Pills, $4.00 ' Use any Injector. but Cutter’s simplest ana strongest. The superiority of Cutter products la doe to over IS veers ofrpecialUtar hi VACCINES And serums only. Insist ON CUTTER'S. It unobtainable. H o mcc d ca,-if tnc«i«. m. J) and Tumors successfully treated taKillgfaEt (removed) without knife or pain. . Jfer All work gruaranteed. Come, or 'naWK write for free Sanatorium book Dr.WIIJ.IAMS SANATORIUM 3023 University A»., Minneapolis, Minn. 1 /IT! A hair R balsam A toilet preparation of merit. f-SSWIk Help* to eradicate dandruff. kSjftjjljL fl For Restoring Color end R*?S{yßr—*P| Beauty to Grey or Faded Hair. HKjjrai\^^3_6oo7*2dSLoOa^rnj2l*te^ PATENTS ■ « ■ *** D. C, Ad-Hoe and books tree. Bates reasonable. Highest references Best services. “BOUGH on APPENDICITIS t & bowses, bir. w-s, us a. bia mmomm *i..ciut*M