Evening Republican, Volume 20, Number 218, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 11 September 1916 — Page 3

GREAT BRITAIN IS VAST ARSENAL

Besides Government Plants There Are 4,000 Controlled Munition Firms.

3,500,000 ARE AT WORK

High Tide of Output for War Purposes Not Yet Reached—ls Now Armory for Allies—Work of the Scientists.

London. —The enormous stride made by Great Britain toward solving the problem of munitions was made clear In the course of a speech recently delivered by F. Kellnway, parliamentary secretary to Doctor Addison (parliamentary secretary to the ministry of munitions). Mr. Kellaway said the most prominent fact of the war was that the price of victory was unlimited munitions.

“The British army In early days,” he said, “was so out-munitioned that the British soldier ought to have been beaten before the fighting began. But he proved that he was a better fighiing man than the German. What he lacked, In munitions' he made up in devil, in Initiative, and in endurance, “I do not think anything that Germany has ever done equals the work this country has accomplished in the way of industrial organization during the last twelve months. Great Britain, which has throughout been the treasury of the allies, lias now become their armory. There are now scattered up and down the country some 4,000 controlled firms producing munitions of war. ' '. . “The vast majority of these previous to the war never produced a gun, a shell or a cartridge; yet in ten months the ministry of munitions has obtained from these firms a number of shells greater than the total production of all. the government arsenals and great armament shops in existence at the commencement of the war. Increase of Arsenals. “Speaking in the house of commons last year Mr. Lloyd-George startled the country by saying that eleven new arsenals had been provided. Today, not eleven but ninety arsenals have been built or adapted. Our weekly output of .308 cartridge is greater by millions than our annual, output before the war. There is a certain machine gun being produced by the hundred every week In a fuctory ordered, planned and oullt during tlie past twelve months. The output of guns and howitzers has Increased hy several hundred per cent. “We are not yet at the full flood of our output of guns and shell. If the Germans cannot be driven home otherwise, our army will have such a supply of guns that the limbers will touch each other In a continuous line from the Somme to the sea. France, Russia and Italy have been supplied by or through Great Britain with many of the most important munitions of war. Many thousands of tons of steel have been und are being sent to France.

“Our contribution toward the equipment of- the Belgian n’riny has been continuous, and the Serbian army has been re-equipped and restored to a ningnlficent fighting force very largely by the workshops and workers of the United Kingdom. “The labor situation has been to a considerable extent saved by our worn- *»

MRS. “JACK” GERAGHTY

Mrs. “Jack” Geraghty, after several years out West, has returned to Newport for the summer season. Mrs. Geraghty Is a niece Of Mrs. Elsie French Vanderbilt. She was formerly Miss Julia French and gave society quite a shock several years ago when she eloped with “Jack” Geraghty. a Newport chauffeur. The Geraghtys live In Minneapolis, and they have not been In Newport for some time. The photo was taken at the dog show of the Rhode Island Kennel club at Newport. R. L She is shown with her dog, Gron farm Lassie.

HEIR TO AUSTRIAN THRONE AT THE FRONT

1 bough Von tiiudenburg is in supreme comnmud now «t most oi the Teutonic armies on the east front. Archduke Karl Fruncis Joseph, heir to the Austrian throne, still rules over his part of the line, in Gulicia. He is here seen, with one of his generals planning a new move.

en. There were 184,000 women engaged in war industries in 1914. Today there are 634,000. The t&tal number of war workers in 1914 was 1,198,600. It has now increased to 3,500.000. Til ere are 471 different munition processes upon which women are now engaged. The women of France are uoing wonders in munition making, but our women munition workers beat the world.” Work of the Scientists. Referring to glass Mr. Kellaway said: “The problem facing the government is, first, to discover the formula of glasses, and having discovered it, to establish the industry. It is fortunate that in this crisis we have available a few scientific men who have been working for years almost without recognition, and we have also institutes such us the Imperial college at South Kensington and the National Physical laboratory at Teddington. The government went to these men and asked them to discover the formula used by the Germans in their production of optical and chemical glass. “These British scientists, after a few weeks experiments, discovered many of the formulae, and it then became possible to begin manufacture on a

RELATE STORIES OF THE BIG PUSH

Wounded British Soldiers Tell o Thrilling Moments in Charges in Picardy.

BULLETS STOPPED BY BOOK

Machine Gunner Is Killed In a Tree Artillery Work Is Marvel of Exactness^ —Find Few Rifles In Captured Trenches.

London—This city is now daily being thrilled by the stories of the -rent push on the Somme which the wounded soldiers have brought back with them. Sorely wounded as many, of tlffem are, and after a journey which all the care made barely endurable,

the men still tingle with the thrill of the charge and their talk is all of the glorious rush with which they carried every obstacle.

“We went over in grand style,” said a sergeant recalling the assault on Montuuban, “and found the pluce in an awful mess. Most of the houses had been knocked head over heels—the only ones I saw standing were a couple of cases. As we came on we saw lots of Germans ruuning out of the back of the village, but there were plenty of them monkeying about the ruins. We divided the company up Into groups of six, but as we neared the village we joined up again. My five pals and myself saw some Huns in a ground floor room, so we dropped a Mills bomb through the window and didn’t wait for an answer. “As we turned the corner we saw a German lying round the end of a wall. He’d got a machine gun and had made a little emplacement with bricks. He turned the damned tiling on me and got me in the foot It didn’t stop me though, and when I was getting near to him I felt two kicks over the heart. I didn’t wait to see what happened, but simply went at him and bhyoneted him. I couldn’t go on much further, so I sat down to see what was the damage. ; , Book Stopped Bullets. “My foot was pretty bad, but wbeir I looked at my left hand breast pocket I saw two holes In It. JI opened .my pocket and found that two bullets hud gone through my metal shaving mirror. through my pocket case and had nosed their way into a book 1 was carrying. The two bullets after plercv ing the mirror and case had met and fused Into one lump of metal.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

commercial scale. The result was that within a year after the outbreak of 'war the output of optical glass in this country was multiplied four and a half times. It has now increased to fourteen times the output previous to the war. and there Is good ground for saying that by the end of the year it will have multiplied twentyfold. “The ministry of munitions has built, or is building, housing accommodations tor 66,000 persons, and canteens and mess rooms in munition works uow provide decent accommodation, where 500.000 workers take their meals every day. “For a long time our antiaircraft gunners have been crying out for an Improved height finder for. Zeppelins, the existing height finders being slow, clumsy and having a margin of error of hundreds of feet. You will realize how that handicapped our gunners In their attempts to bring down Zeppelins. ■" “Three men set to work on the problem, and in two or three months they produced a height finder which gave rapidly and exactly the height of a Zeppelin. It is an Important discovery, hut the problem is onty one of hundreds which are continually cropping up."

“The Germans seemed to be all ages from sixteen to fifty I should say. Some of them came up crying out that they had had no food for five days. One of our boys did wonders with the bayonet —he was chasing three Germans —he caught them up and bayoneted two, as he swung round, he hit the third man down with the butt of his rifle. “As we were going into Montauban we saw a German machine gunner up a tree. He’d got the neatest little platform you ever saw painted so that It was almost Invisible. We shot him, but he didn’t fall clear. The last we saw of him was that he was hanging by his boots from the tree. —^ “The spirit of our boys was splendid—they simply loved the fun. One of them got blown up by a shell. He seemed pretty dazed, but he picked himself up and came along. All he said was, ‘Oh, there must be a war on after all, I suppose.’ Picked Off Two by Two. “We had carried the first two lines and on getting Into the third we saw the Germans coming up from the two exits of a deep dugout and pairing off down the trench. Our platoon commander got into the trench and picked the enemy off as they came out. He had the mouth of the dugout on either side of him, say fifteen yards awuy. He was ns cool as a cucumber; he simply turned from right to left and fired just as if he was in a shooting gallery. It was the best bit of fancy shooting I’ve seen.” A sergeant major of the Middlesex speaking of the work of English lery, said: “They were simply magnificent mid as we advanced they lifted trench by trench. The battalion went over and on in fine style. It was just like a parade and the men felt confident, ns they knew that large reseiwes were behind them.”

A corporal in the Northumberland Fusiliers gave a picture of the precision with which the assault was carried out. “Just on time,” he said, “the first lines went away, not hurrying n bit, just taking it easy. Then came the second itfle. Of course there were gaps, hut these were soon filled. Then went the third line and I followed up with the supports. Everything was gointf*AL “The artillery was lifting from trench to trench and we were following on step by step. It was just like a field day. The carriers with bombs and ammunition kept on coming along as cheerful as anything. v and then later in the day I got moved back thto our own front lines and on to the dressing station.” One man who had been at Mamets said that in the German trenches they found plenty of men, but as far as they could judge bombs were the chief weapons, not rifles. Several men spoke of the comparatively small number of rifles in the trenches.

FOR SCHOOL LUNCH

MUCH CARE NEEDED WHEN IT 18 CARRIED IN A BASKET.

Food Must Be Carefully Selected and Properly Put Up If They Ana to Make the Appetizing Meal Desired. „

The following Suggestions as to menus for basket lunches are taken from Farmers’ Bulletin No. 712, “School Lunches,” prepared by Caroline L. Hunt and Mabel Ward, United States department of agriculture. The basket lunch to be eaten, at school is harder to plan and ulso to prepare than a home lunch, for children. To begin with, there ore many foods which cannot be included in a basket lunch, either because they are not good cold or because they cannot be conveniently packed or easily carried. This leaves fewer foods to choose from, and so extra care is necessary to prevent “sameness.” Extra pare is needed, too, in the preparation of foods that must be packed in small compass and kept for several hours before being eaten and that must very often be carried over roads. The number of foods that can be easily carried has been enlarged of late by the possibility of using paraffin paper and parchment paper, in which moist foods can be wrapped so as to prevent them from sticking to other foods. Paper cups, jelly glasses, jars with screw tops, and so oh, are also a help, for in them sliced raw fruits, stewed fruits, custards, cottage cheese, and other half-solid foods can be carried.

The quality of the bread used in the basket lunch is especially important, because it is commonly served in the form of sandwiches, and is, therefore, to be considered not only as a food in Itself but also as a means of keeping other much-needed foods in good and appetizing condition, or of serving them in attractive ways. A few bills of fare for basket lunches follow, which may help in deciding whdt is satisfactory for the purpose. Many others equally good could be suggested. J *“ ’ Sandwiches with sliced tender meat or chicken for filling; baked apple; cookies; or a few lumps of sugar. Slices of meat loaf or bean loaf; bread and butter sandwiches; stew r ed fruit; small frosted cake, Crisp rolls, hollowed out and filled with chopped meat or fish, moistened and seasoned, or mixed with salad dressing; orange, apple, a mixture of sliced fruits, or berries; cake. or celery sandwiches; cup custard; jelly sandwiches. Cottage cheese and chopped green pepper sandwiches or a pot of cream cheese with bread and butter sandwiches; peanut sandwiches; fruit cake. Hard-boiled eggs; crisp baking powder biscuits; celery or radishes; brown sugar or maple sugar sandwiches. Bottle of milk; thin corn bread and butter; dates; apple. Raisin or nut bread, with butter; cheese; orange; maple sugar. Baked beans and lettuce sandwiches; apple sauce; sweet chocolate. Many kinds of lunch boxes, pails and baskets are now on the market. The chief advantage of most boxes and pails is that they are made of metal and can, therefore, be easily cleaned and Scalded to keep them in safe condition. Some boxes have the advantage over parfs that they can be folded when empty and strapped with the schoolbooks. Baskets are ventilated, and for this reason suitable for carrying moist foods which are likely to spoil. There is no reason, however, why small holes cannot be punched in metal boxes or pails to let in the air. Baskets can, of course, be washed or scalded, but not so easily as metal containers, and they should be frequently cleansed. There should, in fact, be no part of any food container that cannot be cleaned. For this reason the simplest boxes and baskets are often better than the more elaborate ones, with compartments in which to keep dishes, knives, forks and spoons.

Macedoine of Vegetables.

Four ounces tomatoes, 12 ounces cooked butter beans, two hard-boiled eggs, one pint aspic jelly. Skin tomatoes and slice. Skin butter beans. Rub the yolks of eggs through the sieve and cut the white into dice. Put a little jelly into a plain mold, and when set decorate with white and yolk of egg. Put in a little more jelly to set the decoration and then the rest of the vegetables In layers. Fill up the mold with the rest of the jelly and leave until set, Turn out and serve on lettuce leaves with any preferred salad dressing.

Fish Cream.

Run cold cooked fish through the chopper to the amount of two cupfuls. Pour one cupful of boiling water over one cupful of fine bread crumbs. Let ttys mixture stand 15 minutes, then add the fish, a half teaspoonful of salt, a pinch of wite pepper, a tablespoonful of minced olives or parsley, tw’o tablespoonfuls of melted butter and two well-beatpn eggs. Pour into a wellbuttered mold, steam in a steamer for three-quarters of an hour. Serve as soon as unmolded on a hot platter. Serve with tomato sauce. This makes a very nice dish for a luncheon. &

Salt for Egg Stains.

Egg stains on silver spoons can be removed by rubbing them with damp •alt.

Mecca of Patriotic Americans

AMERICAN independence was not an act of sudden passion nor the work of one man or assembly, according to George Bancroft in his “History of the United States,” and the declaration which was made July 4, 1776, was the climax of a long series of deliberations. In the building which had been erected as a state house for the use of the colony of Pennsylvania in 1736 the Continental congress had sat discussing the vital matters pertaining to the prosperity of the colonies, says a writer in the New York Herald. Here, on motion of John Adams, George Washington had been placed in command of the American army, and here, on the most eventful day of all, the great declaration of rights and intentions was presented by Thomas Jefferson, signed by the men whose names are Inscribed high in the rolls of American history and read from the steps of the famous building to the crowd waiting outside. Here, too, the Constitution of the United States was adopted. Most Americans are familiar with the present external appearance of this “Cradle of Liberty,” few know so much about its interior, which is nobly inspiring. .' The land for the building was purchased in 1730 and a committee was appointed to carry on the building operations, one of the members being Dr John Kearsley, who had been so successful with the building of Christ church.

Independence Hall First Built. The first portion to be finished was Independence hall, a room 39 by 40 feet and almost 20 feet high. The work dragged, and when the legislature was ready to occupy it the south wall was unfinished and there was no glass in the windows. The room was not really finished until 1745. The next part of the building to be completed was the judicial chamber, of the same size as Independence hall, and separated from it by three arches. The tower was built in 1750, the steeple being added in After the revolution there was considerable dissatisfaction with the wooden steeple and it was finally declared to be dangerous and was taken down. In 1813 the wings were altered to provide a greater amount of space which was needed by the county commissioners, and in 1818 the entire property was purchased by the city of Philadelphia.

A few years later a survey was made of the tower to determine whether a new bell could be mounted upon it. All of the walls were found to be thick and stanch' except for a slight crack in the wall over the arch of the large Palladian window, probably due to the great width of the window opening and its arch. This was not considered a serious objection, however, to putting up a cupola similar to the original, A bell weighing 4.G00 pounds was placed in the tower and, beginning with December, 1828, struck the hours by means of a new sort of clockwork. Another bell was hung in the tower in 1876. Not Injured by Restorations. Whatever changes or restorations have been made, the spirit of the old architects and builders has been respected and today, as in Colonial days, the state house typifies the refined simplicity and sincerity which has been left as a precious legacy. Architects take their lessons from it, and patriots take theirs. But, satisfactory as are the proportions and the panelling, the treatment of doors and windows and the simple furnishing which leaves the interior unspoiled, there is one object, with no esthetic claims, which yet eclipses all the others—the Liberty Bell, whjch rang out the glad tidings that the Continental congress had dared to sign the Declaration of Independences Parents bring their children 'to gaze upon it and to tell them the story of how it was cast in England but cracked in landing, so that it had to be recast in Philadelphia, when the inscription “Proclaim liberty throughout the land

INDEPENDENCE HALL

to all the people thereof” was inscribed upon it. When the British occnpled Philadelphia in those dark days of the war the old bell was sunk in the Delaware, but It was brought back and hung In its old place to proclaim liberty to the citizens of Philadelphia on many Fourths. It was broken when tolling for the funeral of the great Chief Justice Marshall in 1835.

MUNITION TOWN OF FRANCE

Le Creusot and the Immense Ordnance Factories Started There by the Schnefders.

Le Creusot is the center of France’s war munition works. Like the famous Krupp works of Germany, Le Creusot’s vast ordnance factories owe their origin to the organizing and inventive genius of one family—the Schneiders. At the outbreak of the war the Schneider Iron works employed more than 15,000 workmen and their great shops, covering hundreds of acres of ground, were connected by a network of nearly 40 miles of railroad tracks. Since the war this plant has been enormously increased, says a National Geographic society bulletin. Le Creusot owes its importance In the manufacturing and foundry industry to the fact that it is in the center of one of the richest coal and iron mining districts of France. The coal beds of this region were discovered in the thirteenth century, but it was not untill 500 years later, in 1774, that the first iron works were established. Sixty years later the Schneiders, Adolphe and Eugene, established their first workshops here, and the little hamlet, formerly known as Charbonniere, began to grow. In 1841 it was a town of 4,000 people; just before the war there were 35,000 inhabitants, nearly half of whom were employed in the armorplate factories, the gun shops, the locomotive works and the ordnance plants. It was one of the Schneiders; Incidentally, who revolutionized warship armament in 1870. Up to that time the most progressive nations used wrought Iron for protective armor on their ships. Schneider proved the superiority of steel in resisting the penetrating power of projectiles. Le Creusot is adpiirably situated with respect to the French frontier, for while It is not so far from the firing line as to occasion undue delay in the transportation of munitions, It Is sufficiently removed to be well beyond the danger zone. It is 135 miles, in an airline, southwest of i Belfort, a fortress of the first class on the Alsace front, and is 175 miles south of Verdun.

Supplementing its railway connections, Le Creusot enjoys the transportation facilities of the Canal du Centre, five miles to the east. This waterway joins the Saone and the Loire. Th® former, rising to the north in the Fauci lies mountains a few miles below Epinal, flows south and mingles Its waters with the Rhone at Lyon. The Loire, the longest river in France, rises to the south and flows northwest into the Atlantic. ; ■■■ , .■■■■ While Le Creusot has practically no historical associations of its own, it is only a few miles southeast of Autun, the famous Augustodunum of the Romans, celebrated for its ancient schools. The 62 towers and most of the old walls have disappeared, and the town now occupies only about half the area of its most prosperous days.

In the South African war wounds were not so severe and there was less smashing than in the recent campaign, These bullets had frequently traveled for more than half a mile and lost much of their velocity, whereas In the present war the bullet travels only a few yards. The ordinary bullet wound of the South African war was quite small, as though It had been made with a bradawl. In the present war there la much more tearing of the tissues.

Wound Comparisons.