Evening Republican, Volume 20, Number 200, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 21 August 1916 — Page 3

VIRGINIA FARMER REALIZES FACT THAT LIVE STOCK ENRICHES SOIL

Larger Part of Crops Grown Are Fed to Good Dairy Cattle —Culti* vates Only Ninety Acres of Land, but It Is Fertile and Always Produces Good Yields—Farm Work Stock Raised for Home Use and for Market.

(By G. H. ALFORD, State Demonstration Agent, Maryland.) John R. Doyle of Dlnwiddie county, Virginia, realizes the fact that livestock farming enriches the soil. He grows many; crops to enrich the soil instead of growing only crops that impoverish it. He feeds the larger part of the crops grown to good dairy cattle. He knows that the success of any system of farming cannot be judged

Boy in His Pumpkins and Corn.

by the crops, or net earnings, for one year or for five years. By devoting the larger part of the farm to clovers, feeding the clovers to dairy cattle and spreading manure over the land he averages more than 20 bushels of ■wheat per acre, and has averaged, in good seasons, as high as 30 bushels. He averages more than 50 bushels of corn per acre, and has averaged as high as 76 bushels. Tiiis farm raises farm-work stock for home use and to sell. The colts are raised to prevent the spending of money for farm-work stock and to be sure of having enough horse power for the most economical production of crops. Can’t Afford.Geldlngs. Six head of work stock are kept on the farm and two mares bring colts each year. Mr. Doyle figure* that he cannot afford to keep all geldings and, for this reason, keeps two brood mares actively engaged in light work and colt

Excellent Type of Farm Brood Mare and Foal.

production. The mares are intelligently handled, do all the light work that is required, and,' in addition, produce icolts every year which rapidly develop into marketable animals. The colts are usually kept until four years of age and the surplus sold for about S2OO each. Mr. Doyle estimates the cost of raising a colt at about $25 per year. There are good meadows and pastures on this farm. Every square foot of the meadows and pastures is well covered with nutritious grasses and clovers instead of broom' sage, briars and weeds. The land is thoroughly prepared, manured and sown in sapling clover, orchard grass, timothy and a small amount of alfalfa. The mixture usually consists of three pounds of alfalfa, five pounds of timothy, eight pounds ot sapling clover and three pounds of orchard grass to the acre. The alfalfa seed Is put in to gradually inoculate the soil so he can sow alfalfa at any time, on any part of the farm, and be sure that the soil is inoculated. From the above grass mixture three or four tons of good hay i 8 usually obtained.

Mr. Doyle grows what he needs and feeds what he grows. Only a small amount of cottonseed meal is purchased to feed his dairy cows. The average farmer in his section buys the larger part of his feed. Many thousands of dollars are sent out of his county annually for feedstufts. Rotation Practiced. A rotation of crops, including leguminous crops, is practiced on his farm. The corn is usually followed by wheat, the wheat by peas or peanuts. The corn is cut in September or October and German clover is sown on a part of the corn land. This clover can be sown on his farm as late as October 10. One bushel of oafs and 15 pounds mt blooming German clover are also

sown on a part of the corn land about September 15. This is cut and fed in the dough state the following spring. A bushel of wheat and ten pounds of hairy vetch make a very satisfactory mixture. This mixture usually follows peanuts and is cut in the dough stage for feed in the spring. Of course there is a silo on the farm. The 60-ton silo provides a cheap and convenient place to store all the corn grown on five or six acres. The silo takes care of all the corn crop early in the fall; insures succulent feed for winter and in long dry spells, when pastures fail; provides a balanced succulent ration when fed with such protein feeds as cowpeas, peanut hay and cottonseed meal; and makes it possible to properly feed more dairy cattle on the small farm.

The 60-ton silo holds enough silage to feed the 16 milk cows for six months —feeding about 30 pounds per day to each cow. The silage is fed with pea vines or peanut hay and some cottonseed meal. The grain ration consists of aboyt six pounds per day of a mixture of 300 pounds of cottonseed meal and 200 pounds of corn and cob meal. On an average, 15 cows are milked the year round. The main source of income is the money obtained from the sale of cream, and butter. Twenty per cent cream is sold at Petersburg, 25 miles away, for 75 cents per gallon the year round. A small quantity of ice is used in the summer time to cool the cream when it is separated. Cream Is Sold.

One five-gallon can of 20 per cent cream Is sold from the 15 cows every day in the year. They have a check rate of 12 cents for a five-gallon can, but this makes It necessary for the buyer in Petersburg to meet the train to receive the can, whereas the express rate will deliver it, and In small quantities the express rate is cheaper in the long run. An average of sls worth of butter is sold every month, to regular customers. The cream and butter sold per month brings in about $125. The income from the sale of young cattle amounts to about S2OO per year, and the profit from feeding hogs on skim milk is about S2OO per year, making a total income of at least $l5O per month from the cows. There is running water in the barn

and it is washed out after each milk ing, leaving it as clean as the ordinary living room. The cows are brushed, the udders and the milker’s hands, washed before each milking and very clean milk is produced. Clean Milkhouse. There Is a clean milkhouse near the dwelling. It is 12 by 15 feet inside, is four feet in the ground and five feet above the ground. It has concrete floor and walls. The floor is six inches and the walls eight inches thick. There are shelves at one end of the room for butter and other things. There is a window on each side having six 10 by 12 lights. It has an eight-foot extension and steps are built to enter. The steps are concrete and are covered from the outside. The whole house is

In the Wheat Field. .

carefully screened. There is a cream separator, a butter worker, a table and a water spigot in the house. The total cost of the milkhouse was about $259,

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

RETURN TO WHITE

FASHIONABLE WORLD HAS TIRED OF VIVID COLORS. Most Women Will Regard the Change With Favor—Hats, Shoes, Gowns and Parasols Are All of I ivory TinL If you are in doubt about your color sense, there are certain things that you should dismiss without consideration, and you will have to be buckled up against temptation, because these certain things confront you on every side. Orange, for Instance; clashing combinations of black and white; all the ranges of tone in purple; anything in green that is deeper than cucumbers and young apples; all the tones of red and certain blues that are mixed with gray, with purple of mauve. Possibly, blue Is the supreme stumbling point of women. It looks harmless in all its gamut of shades, yet it is as dangerous as a third rail. There are few women who can come out In the sunshine wearing a mixture of these colors. One need not run from all of them because they are dangerous, for there are minor combinations of black and white, and especially green and white, that are admirable in midsummer. No woman should feel ashamed that she cannot employ the skill of an artist in choosing colors for her costumery. She should remember that she can look her best in subdued colors, provided there is skill in the making and wearing. She should grieve that she cannot turn from dark blue serge to a modern frock of purple and red; but she has cause for grievance if she Is not able to make a blue serge look conspicuously smart in any gathering. Possibly, the best-dressed women are those who rarely change the color of their gowns but who know how to make each accessory size up to its fullest value and impart significance to the whole. It may be the heat, or the revolt against colors, or lastly, it may be common sense that has turned women’s thoughts toward white costumes. Be the reason what it may, the pleasurable fact is that one sees at all the resorts hats, shoes, gowns and parasols in white. There is a tendency to wear black velvet slippers with enormous cut sil-

White Felt Hat, Wide of Brim, Soft of Texture and Applied With Large Flowers Cut Out of Black Lace. ver or steel buckles with the costume and possibly to add a narrow flange of black tulle or chiffon to the brim of the hat. - ■ - Again, white colonial pumps will be worn with onyx colonial buckles, in-

Latest Styles in Paris

Their Most Distinctive Feature Is the Lengthened Skirt for Midsummer Wear. Cheruit, Worth, Callot and Paquin have within the last week shown several attractive summer frocks, writes a Paris correspondent. Among these particular mention should be made of the Paquin two-piece tailored''suit developed in Nattier blue mercerized cotton poplin. The jacket was of knee length and had raglan sleeves and a seamed front and back, with tight-fit-ting, well-rounded waist. The bottom of the coat and cuffs of the long sleeves were trimmed with a lattice

EVENING GOWN

This beautiful evening gown is fashioned of heavy net and lace insertions over an underdress of pale pink soiree. The sleeves and bodice are piped with pink and a dainty touch Is added by the cluster of pale blue roses at the girdle.

stead of white kid ones, and on the white felt hat will be mounted a few feathery tendrils of black peacock feathers. White taffeta is not a preferred fabric for frocks. Satin has come back Into the arena and pushed its rival out of the ring. In combination with satin is georgette crepe, In a quality so fine that it resembles chiffon cloth. With its slightly pebbly surface, which is the leading characteristic of this make of crepe, it is preferred by many women to Its smoother and more expensive weave. There is illustrated an extremely popular hat worn with country muslin frocks made of white felt and embroidered with flowers cut out of black lace. (Copyright, 1916, by the MoClure Newspaper Syndicate.)

NEAT LITTLE NEEDLE-BOOK

Pretty Design That Makes Charming Gift or Will Sell Well at a Church Bazar. A little needle-book of a new and pretty design is shown in our sketch, and it is one that would be sure to

Needle-Book.

prove saleable and popular In a bazar. For the workbox or basket that Is in use every day. quite a small needlebook that can be tucked away in one corner will generally be found quite sufficient and most convenient, but the book Illustrated could, of course, if preferred, be carried out on the same lines in a larger size than that indicated in the sketch. It is made of pale pink silk and lined with white silk and edged with silk cord, which is arranged In little loops turned inwards at the corners. It is fitted inside with leaves of flannel cut into tiny points at the edges; these leaves are fixed in place with a piece of narrow ribbon which is tied in a bow at the back of the book. Ribbon strings of the same color are provided to secure the book when closed. In the lining on either side of the cover there are pockets for of needles, one of which can be seen in the small sketch at the top of the illustration. Upon the front the word “Needles" Is worked with silk. At tjie points where the flagpoles cross a small horseshoe is worked with gold silk. The numbers round the sketch indicate inches.

work composed of bias bands of the material. The skirt showed an increase in length of nearly four inches over that of the models shown “at the spring openings. The Worth model was developed in rose colored pique aQ d showed a hiplength basque corsage, closing in dou-ble-breasted effect over a white lawn chemisette. Callot has shown her indorsement of the combination of a solid colored lawn with white organdie for the summer frock. Her latest model is built on princess lines and is la rose-colored silk fringe, with shoulder cape, cuff, neck ruche and surplice sash of the white organdie.

Distended Petticoats.

It Is not always convenient to bone summer frocks so that they flare in proper fashion; therefore the next best thing to do is to provide underskirts or petticoats that can be boned and that will act as supports for the flimsy lop skirts. There are various kinds of boned petticoats to be had. One pretty model Is of white satin. It has a panel front and circular sides in which there are seven tiny bonings encircling the sides and back. Another attractive model is made with p yoke top and from the hip line down four rows of boning are used to distend the full skirt. Between the bones the material is puffed. When the petticoats are made of flowered or striped silks they show up very effectively beneath the sheer cotton, orgrandie and net frocks.

To Keep Plants Fresh.

There Is a simple way to water ferns and flowers which will be of interest to one who must leave them for a time without care. Take a washing tub and place three or four bricks in it and put about two inches of*' water in the tub. Place the flowers on these bricks and place the tub .where they can get the morning sunshine. . '

EAST AFRICAN BATTLEFIELDS

IF THE occupation of Ruanda, German East Africa, by Belgian troops from the Congo, and their establishment of a provisional government in this territory prove to he permanent Belgium will possess the most densely populated as well as one of the most fertile and salubrious territories of central Africa, says a bulletin of the National Geographic society. Ruanda lies to the east of Lake Kivu, through which runs the boundary line between the Upper Congo re j gion and the German possessions. To the north lies British East Africa. The Kagera river, also known as the Alexandra Nile, flowing in irregular S shape, east, north and west, and emptying into Lake Victoria Nyanza, Is the eastern boundary.

While there are two considerable tracts of forest in Ruanda, the central portion of the territory is bare of trees, but on the mountain slopes there Is to be found wonderfully rich grass, on which graze magnificent herds of cattle that constitute the chief wealth of the natives. The agricultural possibilities of the region are almost unlimited. One of the most striking advantages of this territory is Its high altitude, an average of nearly a mile above sea level, so that although it lies under an equatorial sun, the temperature is usually about the same as that of a warm summer day in central Europe. Malarial mosquitoes are not known here, nor does the dread tsetse-fly hover over the land, bringing sleeping sickness to human beings and quicker death to cattle. Contrasts In the Natives. Two remarkable contrasts are to be found among the natives of this region. The highly developed, Intelligent Watussl are magnificent physical specimens, lithe, well-proportioned and athletic. It is not uncommon to meet men from five feet eleven inches to seven feet two inches tall. On the other hand, on the island of Kwidschwei, in Lake Kivu, and in the bamboo forests of Bugoie the traveler finds the pygmy Batwa tribe, whose spear-car-rying warriors are under five feet in height, shy* timid and devoted almost

entirely to the chase. The aborigines belong to neither of these tribes, however, but are the Wahutu, a mediumsized, agricultural people. The black sultan of the region, one of the world’s most powerful potentates ruling in territory held by white colonists, is a Watussl. His word, subject to the censorship of the European resident or governor, is law to a million and a half people. There is abundant water in Ruanda, the small mountain streams never running dry. When the grass becomes parched on the hillsides, the natives burn it off and immediately there springs up fresh, tender pasturage for the cattle. The perfunctory salutation among friends is one of the interesting customs of the country. Upon meeting they either place their arms lightly about the waist or else grasp each other’s elbows,, holding them for a while, then one declares “I wish you "cattle,” while the other replies, “I wish you women.” First Explored by Von Gotzen. This region was first explored in 1894 by Count von Gotzen, formerly governor of German East Africa, who cam<* from the coast as far as Lake Kivu, about which Arab traders had frequently brought vague reports. This beautiful, island-dotted body of water, 5,000 feet above sea level, was the last considerable lake to be discovered in central Africa. Its outlet is the Rufljl river, which flows south into the famous Lake Tanganyika. One of the most noted parties of exploration which has visited Ruanda was that headed by Adolphus Frederick, daks of Mecklenburg, who

THE RIVER KAGERA

marcned through the territory with an Impressive retinue of carriers in 1907-8. In his report he said of this region: “Ruanda is eminently adapted for colonization by white men. The country possesses a fabulous amount of wealth In its herds, to the breeding of which Its pastoral people are particularly devoted. Also agriculture may be cat rled on In a remunerative way, for the quality of the cattle Itself is as excellent as that of the milk they yield. As to the quality of the soil, it simply leaves nothing to be desired, so that It is evident that there Is a splendid opening here for the establishment of business on a vast scale.” Immense Territory Involved. When the American public read* that the troops of the Belgian Congo have defeated the colonial troops of German East Africa at Shangugu and that the victors are proceeding southward from Lake Kivu In the direction of Lake Tanganyika, it Is hard to realize that the two colonial possessions Involved have a combined area fourfifths as large as all of continental Europe, the Russian empire excepted. Belgium's territory alone In this quarter of the globe is 80 times as large as the mother country, while the population of the Jungle wilds ot the Congo basin Is variously estimated at from 14,000,000 to 30,000,000. The German colony Is nearly double the area of the home country, while the population is estimated at 8,000,000. In both possessions, however, the number of Europeans, chiefly officers of the home government, does not exceed a few thousands. Shangugu lies on the southern shore of Lake Kivu, which has an area almost as large as the state of Rhode Island and is nearly a mile above sea level, with gigantic volcanic peaks looking down upon it from the north. The most Interesting settlement in German East Africa is Ujiji, a town of 14,000 inhabitants, chiefly Arabs. This slave and Ivory mart of the nineteenth century was first visited by Europeans In 1858, when Richard Burton and J. H. Speke discovered Lake Tanganyika on whose eastern shores the town Is situated. Of even more tn-

MT. KILMANJARO

terest, however, is the fact that it was here that Henry M. Stanley’s famous undertaking to find the lost explorer, David Livingstone was accomplished on October 28, 1871.

We see in one of these New York papers that women 0 have a “Hereditary Fear of Man,” that this fear has come prowling down the ages from the time when woman was not safe from the predatory male, and so on. Yes, we can prove it. Some twentyodd years ago or more we came face to face with <sur teacher over a small difference of opinion concerning a matter of deportment. We looked her right in the eye as lion tamers do now in moving, pictures, and we talked up as United States senators have always done. We remember very clearly the haste with which she grabbed into her desk for her ruler. That hereditary fear was working. Over what followed we draw a veil —no doubt she did it In self-defense and the Interests* of culture. We are still sorry we* scared her. so badly and it is rather nice to know that It was really her fear of us that made us such a modeli pupil for the next week or two. Yous see they didn’t have all the advantages of sociology back in 188(Vodd, but w» can all live and learn and read the papers.—Collier’s.

Little Fred—l’ve been awful sick. Little Harry—What was the matter? Little Fred —I had brain fever —right in my head, too—the worst place any-, one could have It. « *

Experience Proves It.

Where He Had It