Evening Republican, Volume 20, Number 112, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 10 May 1916 — Page 2

HOW INDIANA IS GOVERNED

Constitution Adopted in 1851 Is Still the Basic Law of the State—lmportant Work Done by Various Bureaus and Boards—Jonathan Jennings the , First Governor. MILLIONS FOR STATE INSTITUTIONS

One hundred years of state government that is what Indiana has reached this year. It has been one hundred years of government wholly in the hands of the people, and they are responsible only to themselves for the kind of government they give to themselves. The result is that the people of Indiana have created a government with protecting arms that reach out in all directions to shield the state and the public from .danger and harm, and which also has long and strong arms for the punishment of those who transgress the written and moral laws. Indiana became a state in 1816, and Jonathan Jennings of Wayne county

Jonathan Jennings, First Governor.

the first governor. Samuel M. Ralston Is the present governor. The first state constitution was adopted in 1816. This constitution was replaced by a new one adopted in 1851, which is still the basic law of the state. Corydon was the first capital of the state of Indiana. The capital was moved to Indianapolis in 1825. The constitution divides the state government into three co-ordinate bran ch es, th e ex ea 11 i ver the Tegi sla-‘ tive and the judicial. file three branches are independent of each other and one cannot interfere with either of the others. The legislative branch makes the laws, the executive branch administers the laws and the judicial branch interprets and enforces the laws. The constitution of 1816 and the one of 1851 created two houses of the general assembly, one the state senate and the other the house of representatives. Senators are elected for four years and representatives for two years. The general assembly meets every two years for sixty-one days. All measures for the raising of revenue and all taxation measures can originate only in the house. There are fifty senators and one hundred representatives. The Executive Branch. The governor is the head of the executive department of the state. The governor has the power to veto measures passed by the general assembly, but vetoed measures may be passed over his head. The governor makes all appointments of officials who are not elective, and of all members of public boards and commissions. He is the commander in chief of the military forces of the state. Four years is the length of the governor’s tenfi, and no governor can serve more than one term in succession. His salary is SB,OOO a year. The lieutenant governor is president of the senate and becomes governor •when there is a vacancy in that office. Other elective state officials in Indiana are as follows: Secretary of state, treasurer of ctate, attorney general, auditor of state, state superintendent of public Instruction, state geologist, state statistician, clerk of the supreme court and reporter of the supreme court. The judicial system of Indiana begins with the justice of the peace. Next in order of their Importance and jurisdiction come juvenile, probate, superior and circuit courts, the appellate court and the supreme court, the latter being the court of last resort. In addition, each city has a city court, presided over either by the mayor or by an elected city judge. The supreme court consists of five judges and the appellate court has six judges, all elected from various judicial districts of the state. Bureaus in the state government are as follows: Free employment bureau, fish and game bureau, for the -protection of fish and game; bureau of oil Inspection; bureau of inspection, for buildings and factories, boilers, mines and mining; state entomologist; state library; bureau of legislative informafion; state fife marshal? for investigation of fires and prosecution of incendiaries. The state board of accounts examines the books and accounts of every state office, Institution and department, including courts add all county,

By ELLIS SEARLES

township, city, and town officers. The state board of agriculture has charge of the state fair and general supervision of agricultural exhibitions. There is a state board of dental examiners who pass on applicants for licenses to practice dentistry. There are similar boards for examination of physicians, druggists, veterinarians, undertakers, nurses and optometrists. Work of State Boards. ■ The state board of education has control of the educational system of the state. A board of pardons makes recommendations to the governor in regard to applications for pardons and paroles. The board of charities has general supervision of all penal, benevolent and charitable institutions. There is a state board of tax commissioners that fixes the appraisement of all property in the state for taxation purposes. One of the newest of the more important commissions is the public service commission, which has jurisdiction for the regulation of all public utilities within the state, including railroads, water, gas, electric and other similar companies. The public service commission is vested with rate-making power. The Indiana industrial board is another of the new and important state boards. It has full jurisdiction for the enforcement of the workmen’s compensatfbn law, under which injured employees are compensated for their injuries and for time lost thereby. The first county asylum was established in 1821 in Knox county. The first state institution was the State School for the Deaf, Indianapolis, founded in 1844. Next came the State School for the Blind, Indianapolis, 1847; then the Central Hospital for Insane, Indianapolis, 1848; Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans’ home, Knightstown, 1867; School for Feeble-Minded Youths, Fort Wayne, 1879; Northern Hospital for Insane, Logansport, 1888; the Eastern and Southern Hospitals for the Insane, Richmond and Evansville, respectively, 1890; the State Soldiers’ home, Lafayette, 1896; the Village for Epileptics, Newcastle, 1907; the Southeastern Hospital for the Insane, Madison, 1910; the Hospital for the Treatment of Tuberculosis, Rockville, 1971,—-- • - In the early days, the guardhouses of forts were used as places of deten-

Samuel M. Ralston, Present Governor.

tion. In 1793 the territorial legislature directed the establishment of jails, pillories, stoekaand whipping posts, all to be under the charge of the sheriffs in the different counties The jails remain, but all of the other forms of punishment have disappeared. The first state prison was established at Jeffersonville in 1821; the one at Michigan City in 1860. In 1868, the House of Refuge, now the Indiana Boys’ school, was opened at Plain-

COUNTY. ■ TOWN. DATE. A11en.......... ~,.Fort Wayne •■■■■;■ June 6,7, 8, 9 Bartholomew Columbus July 24 Boone Lebanon ... .September 14, Carrbll Delphi 26, 27, 28 Clark Jeffersonville.. August Decatur.".... Greensburg October 18 to 21 Dubois.; ... Huntingburg.... Fayette. Connersville ».....July 3, 4. 5 Floyd New Albany September 14 Franklin : Brookville j ..June 1,2, 3, 4 Harrison Corydon May 13 Howard Kokomo September 4 to 10 Huntington Huntington May 2 to 6 Take Garv ... June 4 to 9 Miam7777.777.777.77'77.7.77\7ier 1 k'..7.7.\7.777.7.7.7.777.”7.'.... A,i Ku5t 14 to 19 Montgomery Crawfordsville Jun° 11. 1-, 13 Parke... .Rockville August 12, 13 Perry. ; . ■ Cannelton .September Porter...... Valparaiso..... September 28, 29, 30 Posey... Mt. Vernon. October 16 St. Joseph... South Eend...; ......June 11 to 18 Tippecanoe • ■ ■ sLfiS-i.vette . May 21 to 26 Union .......: Überty .....>. June 8 Wayne Richmond.. . June 19 to 24 White Monticello .......October 5,6, 7

“How is it that Smith. seems to be rolling in money? I understood from friends of his that he had got into <a hole.” I “So he did, but it was an oil well”

Some Difference.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

field; in 1873, the Indiana Reform tory Institution for Women and Girl , at last-named institution was divide 1 in 1907. The girls were removed t( the Indiana Girls’ school, at Clermont, and the old Institution was called the Woman’s prison. The Woman’s prison and the Girls’ school a.re managed by boards composed entirely of women. Care of Public Change*. Millions of dollars are spent annually in the support and maintenance of all of these institutions. In the last few years Indiana has taken many advanced steps in laws for the proper care of Its dependents and the inmates of its public institutions. Some of its laws on this subject are regarded as models. The latest and newest of the public institutions fs the state penal farm, which was opened only about a year ago, near Greencastle. Short term prisoners are sent to this farm, in the discretion of the trial judge, instead of to county jails. The state board of health is charged by law with the enforcement of the health laws of the state. It has charge of public health, hygiene and sanitation. In connection with the health department is the pure food department, under the direction of a

Indiana State Seal.

state food and drug commissioner. R is the business of this department to protect the public against spurious adulterated and harmful food stuffs. The department has wide powers in that direction and has done wonderful good. Most of the primitive forests of Indiana have disappeared, due to the necessities of the people, the requirements of commerce and industry and largely due, also, to wastefulness on the part of the people. The state of Indiana has a state forestry board whose duty is to educate the people in the value of forestry and to adopt means to encourage the reforestation of the state. The state forestry board has a forestry reservation of several hundred acres in Scott county, on which experimentation is carried on for the education of the public. The state maintains three large educational institutions, Indiana univer■sTty? at Bloomington sity, a’t Lafayette, and the State Normal, at Terre Haute. Tuition in all of these institutions is free to residents of Indiana. Applicants for admission are required to pass an entrance examination or establish their qualification for the work they do, and the doors are open to all, up to the limit of their capacity. Indiana university has an extensive medical school, a law school, a dental school and other special courses, in addition to regular college courses. Purdue is a technical and vocational school with special attention to agriculture, live stock, engineering and the manual trades for boys, and domestic science and home economics for girls. The State Normal trains teachers for the schools of the state. Plans for Centennial. As the year of Indiana’s one hundredth birthday approached there arose a demand among the people of Indiana for a celebration or observance of the event. The legislature of 1911 created a commission to outline a plan. This commission was succeeded in 1913 by a commission created by the legislature to carry a plan into effect in 1916. This commission consists of Gov. Samuel M. Ralston; Prof. James A. Woodburn, Indiana university, Bloomington; Dr. Frank B. Wynn, Indianapolis: Lew M.’O’Bannon, Corydon: Rev. John Cavanaugh, president university, South Bend; Miss Charity Dye, Indianapolis; Charles W. Moores, Indianapolis; Prof. Harlow Lindley, Earlham college. Richmond. This commission has encouraged the people throughout the state to celebrate the centennial of the state. The following is a list of the celebrations thus far scheduled in the state:. ' ~

Could He Swim?

Tesste —Too bad about Chollie. Jessie—What’s the trouble? fell in love with a girl he met on an "ocean steamer, but she threw him over.

CROSSING SIGNAL UP TO DATE

Railroads passing through Chicago suburbs have adopted a new safety device, explained by the illustration, which shows the “stop signal’’ in use at crossings.

FOR SCHEDULE SPEED

RAIL AUTHORITY OPPOSES “SPURTS" ON THE LINES. I* Satisfied That Continuous Running on Time Explicitly Arranged for Is What Is the Desire of the Traveling Public. Should a maximum speed limit be fixed for all railroad trains, and what does the public desire most in the way of operating, great spurts of “flyers or sustained speed that usually spells “On time”? The constant aim of the rail officers is continuous runs and adherence to schedule rather than 90mile dashes. At times, officers of railroads have issued orders prohibiting an engineer from attempting to make up time, that once he got behind he was merely to maintain his speed and keep from losing more time. This rule has been pronounced by many railroad men to be without particular reason, because one train might have sufficient leeway on its schedule to make up an hour or two lost time without great speed, while another train highly keyed would be in no position to make up any loss, except by running at very high speed. Speaking on this question, A. M. Schoyer, an authority on rail operation, said: . “The thing that counts most in the operation of trains is continuous running and not very fast speed at one point and very slow speed at another. There is something wrong with the operation when passenger trains are subject to frequent delays, slowing up behind other trains, crawling in and out of terminals and in many ways eating up schedule time. Aside from snow and other weather conditions, a large per cent of these petty delays are unnecessary, and are due to lack of proper discipline or inferior facilities or perhaps lack of team work all around. “If a train can be started from one terminal and operated without delay, making a continuously uninterrupted smooth run to the next terminal, it means maintenance of schedule and modified speed for any railroad. By this I do not mean nonstop runs, but the operation of the trains without the unnecessary delays which are so frequent.” On the subject of great speed, Mr. SchoyeT said: “I have ridden behind steam engines going 90 miles an hour for mile after mile uninterrupted, and I believe that speed or possibly a few miles more is about the limit of our present steam power on level railroads. With electricity great speeds are recorded. Of course, with the latter there power for unlimited speed, all speeds being subject to the limitations of track and roadbed. There need be no great speeds on American railroads, if we build, maintain and operate our roads so that extra stops and unnecessary slow points are eliminated. Continuous and uninterrupted running at average speeds is the need of American railroads today.”

Has Won Fame as Freight Tracer.

An Italian, who has distinguished himself through clerical work, is Francis B. Coglono, who began railroad work as a telephone operator. He has been promoted a number of times and now is serving as clerk in one of the freight stations. He is in charge of claims for missing or damaged freight. No matter how long the trip such freight may make it is exceedingly difficult for it to escape Mr. Cogioni’s watchful eye. He is a sort of wizard at finding lost, strayed dr stolen freight. —New York Herald.

Mistook Greeting for Signal.

As a heavy passenger train near Colfax, Cal., was passing a curve a man “leaned from the rear vestibule and waived at a young woman in one of the forward coaches. The engineer chanced to be back, caught the wave, and, thinking something had gone wrong, stopped the train.

LONG WAIT FOR RAILROAD

Pennsylvania County Finally to Have Method of Transportation That Is Up to Datel Milford, the capital of Pike county, Pennsylvania, has subscribed the $25,000 required to insure the building of an electric railroad from Port Jervis. Milford has been patiently waiting for railroad communication with the outside world for nearly 70 years, and attempts to secure it have cost up to date nearly $1,000,000, with the railroad no nearer built than it was in the beginning. The Milford and Matamoras Railroad company was chartered by the Pennsylvania legislature in 1848. It was organized in 1854 upon the completion of the bridge across the Delaware at Port Jervis, which the New York & Erie Railroad company was obliged to construct for the prospective local railroad at a cost of SBO,OOO. The local company slept until 1870, when it woke up and suspected that another company was about to build a railroad up the valley and across that bridge, and it made an attempt to begin work on its railroad. The company failed before more than a few hundred yards of grading was-eempleted, and the state of Pennsylvania was mulcted in the sum of $64,000 to pay for the work the contractor was alleged to have done.

HEAVIER AND HIGHER RAILS

Lehigh Valley Orders Biggest Ever Made for General Service on American Steam Roads. The Lehigh Valley railroad has ordered 2,500 tons of rails that will weigh 136 pounds to the yard. According to the Railway Age Gazette, these will be the heaviest rails ever made for general service on a steam road in this country. They will be seven inches high and six and one-half inches wide at the base, which is an inch higher and an inch wider than the 110-pound rail now in general use. Until about two years ago rails that weighed 100 pounds to the yard were the heaviest in general use. A year ago the rail commission of the American Railway Engineering association submitted sections for 100, 110, 120, 130, and 140-pound rails, but did not recommend the last two sections, since it did not consider that they were then necessary. The Pennsylvania railroad adopted a-standard* 125pound rail section a ybar ago, and has laid a large number of the new rails during the past season. Everywhere throughout the country the tendency is toward heavier rails. In 1897 only 20 per cent of all the rails produced in that year weighed 85 pounds a yard or,more. By 1900 the percentage had risen to 25; by 1905 to 46; by 1910 to 58; and by 1914 to 72.

Gets a Railroad; Wonders What to Do.

John V. Maise, a laborer, is the possessor of a railroad and does not know what to do with it. He had a claim against a Gadsden (Ala.) street car company, went into the courts with tt, secured a judgment for $108.56. Payment was not forthcoming, and Maise levied on the road. After he got possession of the property he did not know what to do with it, and lawyers are trying to find some means of satisfying the judgment and costs, keeping the property in the hands of the street car company with uninterrupted service and at the same time get a fee for themselves.

Strenuous Hint.

"I never know what to do with my feet when I’m in a parlor,” remarked the bashful young man on the sofa, as the conversation began to lag. “Didn’t it ever occur to you,” rejoined the matter-of-fact maid, as she struggled to suppress a yhwn, “that 'you might be able to steer ,them toward home?’’

European Run Argentina Lines.

Fully 90 per cent of the Argentina railroads, about 20,000 miles, are managed by European engineers.

A LANO PROBLEM AHEAD (FROM THE PEORIA JOURNAL.) The Nebraska State Journal calls attention to the fact that Uncle Sam's opening of a 4,000-acre tract in the North Platte irrigation district for settlement practically winds up the “free land distribution” of the nation. It adds: “Free or cheap land has been the American safety valve. A population straining for self-bet-terment has had its own remedy—to go west and grow up with the country. With the government reduced to advertising an opening of forty-three farms, the safety valve may be considered forever closed. The expansive energy formerly exerted outward, must hereafter work itself out Intensively. Increasing land speculation, with rapidly rising prices of land and proportionately Increasing dissatisfaction among the landless would seem inevitable. The tone of our politics and the Intensity of our social problems cannot but be vitally changed under the strain of dealing internally with a social pressure which hitherto has had the wilderness to vent itself upon. " ‘Land hunger* will soon become a reality in this rapidly growing country and the constant pressure *of population, increasingly higher than the ratio of production, is bound to bring us face to face with economic problems that we have heretofore considered remote. The far-sighted statesman and publicist must devote his thought earnestly to the consideration of these questions if we are to escape the extremes which curse the older nations of the world." In the above will be found one of the reasons that the Canadian Government is offering 160 acres of land free to the actual settler. There is no dearth of homesteads of this size, and the land is of the highest quality, being such as produces yields of from 30 to 60 bushels of wheat per acre, while oats rim from fifty to over hundred bushels per acre. It is not only a matter of free grants, but in Western Canada are also to be had other lands at prices ranging from sl2 to S3O per acre, the difference in price being largely a matter of location and distance from railway. If one takes into consideration the scarcity of free grant lands in the United States it is not difficult to understand why there has been most material advances in the price of farm lands. A few years ago, land that now sells for two hundred dollars an acre in lowa, could have been bought for sev-enty-five dollars an acre or less. The increased price is warranted by the Increased value of the product raised ot» these farms. The land that today can be had in Western Canada <at the low prices quoted will in a less time than that taken for the lowa lands to Increase, have a proportionate increase. In Nebraska the lands that sold for sixteen to twenty dollars per acre seven years ago, find a market at one hundred and seventy-five dollars an acre, for the same reason given for the increase in lowa lands. Values in these two States, as well as in others that might be mentioned, show that Western Canada lands are going at a song at their present prices. In many cases in Western Canada today, there are American settlers who realize this, and are placing a value of sixty and seventy dollars an acre on their improved farms, but would sell only because they can purchase unimproved land at such a low price that in another few years they would have equally as good farms as they left or such as their friends have in the United States. 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