Evening Republican, Volume 20, Number 67, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 18 March 1916 — Page 3

OLD TRIBES ABOUT GONE

by MALCOLM McDOWELL

fXNLY Nine Indians Remain of the Five Great Red Nations Which Had Much to Do With Making American History,

HINE Indians, and onlynine, are all that remain of five tribes which had much to do with the making of American history, according to the United States Indian census report which was issued recently. The Poosepatuck, Piankashaw, Mattapony, Niantic and Wea tribes are on the very verge of extinction. Of the Poosepatuck, an Algonquian tribe, which was one of the thirteen found by the white men on Long Islaud, there is but one lone relic, an Indian living somewhere in the state of New York. The Poosepatucks once occupied the Long Island shore from Patchogue to the Shinnock country. In 1666 Chief Tobaccus was given a reservation of 50 acres on Forge river nSar Mastic, Long Island, and in 1832 Elizabeth Joe, the tribe’s woman sachem and its last chief, died. In 1890 the tribe numbered ten families, governed by three trustees, and in 1910,the last census year, the government nose hunters could find but one Poosepatuck left. In Virginia the eensus enumerators found the last of the tribe oftheMattapony, the red men whom doughty old Capt. John Smith, he who was saved by Pocahontas, called the “Mattar pament." This was one of the smaller tribes of the powerful Powhattan confederacy and thq Jamestown colonists heard their war whoops and the whistle of their arrows. In 1606 the Mattapony lived on the Mattapony river In Virginia, and when Thomas' Jefferson wrote about them in his “Notes on Virginia" in 1825, the tribe numbered only 20 souls, most of them largely of negro blood and closely related to the Pamunkey tribe of Virginia. \ Connecticut could show but one member of the historical Niantic tribe when the Indian census was taken. Back in i the days when the Puritans quarreled with the Manhattan Dutch over the fertile acres along the Connecticut river, the Nlantlcs lived Oh the Connecticut coast, subject to the Pequots who nearly exterminated the tribe in the Pequot war of 1637. Their victors placed the Niantics under the rule of the Mohegans. Cbldntal-his-tory records the fact that in 1638 there were about a hundred Niantics in Connecticut and this number had dwindled to 85 in 1761. A few years later most of them joined the Brotherton Indians in New York and were benevolently assimilated. Another Niantic tribe lived in Rhode Island and, by refusing to take part against the whites in the King Phillip wa?? retained their tribal integrity for a time, but, as they were closely related to the Narragansets they, eventually, were absorbed into that tribe. When Cavelier La Salle, in 1632, wrote back to France about the Indians around his fort on the Illinois river where Peoria now stands, he mentioned the Piankashaws, a tribe which figured largely in the story of Indiana and Illinois. Their ancient village was on the Wabash river near the junction with the Vermilion. They occasionally spread over into Illinois and from-all accounts were particularly pestiferous in their intercourse with the whites. In 1832, with some neighboring tribes, they moved into Kansas and later consolidated with the Illlni, known as Peorias ancT Kaskasklas.

GATHERED FACTS

■ The Vienna chamber of commerce han opened a branch at Petrikan, Poland, from which it expects to push Austro-Hungarian business interests throughout the districtOfßussian pnland now occupied by Austro-Hun-garian armies. It is estimated that $10,000,000 worth of gold is destroyed annually by a Chinese custom of burning small pieces of gold leaf on certain anniversaries.

Indian Cliff Dwellings in Arizone

Just after the Civil war the consolidated tribes sold their Kansas land and emigrated to Indian territory, where they were known as Peorias. At that time the Piankashaws numbered something less than one hundred. There are just two of them left and both were counted among the Oklahoma Indians. The Piankashaw was one of the few tribes whose male members could become citizens of the United States by treaty stipulation. In Indiana the census enumerators found two Weas and in-Oklahoma two more; the remnant of this sub-tribe of the Niami Indians and neighbors of the Piankashaws. They first were mentioned by the Jesuit fathers as living in eastern Wisconsin, but there were Wea towns on the , St. Joseph river in northern Indiana. Pere Marquette found a Wea town on the present site of Chicago, and they were there in 1701 when Courtemanche paddied up the creek which now is the Chicago river. The Weas seemed to’ have been naturally scrappy, for they always were in trouble with the white pioneers, and in 1791 United States troops cleaned out a number of their villages. In 11820 they moved, with the Piankashaws, into Illinois and then Kansas, and they, too, stipulated in their peace treaty with the government that their males could become citizens. Some of the tribes whose names were frequently mentioned in the quaint reports of colonial times and who gave the heroes and heroines to the early writers of romantic Indian tales, now are represented by mere handfuls, some of them living far from the homes of their ancestors. Thus, of the Mohawks there are only 368 on the census rolls; the Cayugas number but 81; the Mohegans have dwindled to 22; the Montauks to 29; the Narragansets to a paltry 16; the Pamunkeys to 83; the Pequots to 66; the Powhatans to 131; the Passamaquoddies to 368; the Chickafiominies to 115; the Catawbas to 124; the Shinnecocks to 167; and the Penobscots to 266. But there are still .914 Delawares; 2,436 Oneidas; 2,907 Senecas; 533 Stockbridges; and 400 TuscaThe figures given in the report of the commissioner of Indian affairs do not agree with the census figures, for the commissioner shows a steady increase in Indian population from 228,000 in 1890 to 297,023 in 1910. The Indians are divided into 280 tribes comprising 52 linguistic stocks. The most Important trtbes, numerically, are. the Cherokee, with 31,489 members; the Navajo, with 22,455 r th©- Chlppewa, with 20,214; the Choctaw, with 15,917, and the Teton Sioux, with 14,284. Thirty-nine other tribes have over 1,000 members each. ■ Arthur C. Parker, a Seneca Indian, state ethnologist of New York and editor of the Quarterly Journal of the Society of American Indians, in the last issue of the Journal analyzed the census report under the title, “The Status and Progress of Indians as Shown by the Thirteenth Census.” Commenting of the figures which deal with the mixed bloods, he writes as follows: "It is important to note that all persons of. mixed white and Indian blood are enumerated 'as Indians, even

Munition workers are responsible for a freak fad. It is the ‘‘gunpowder ring,” a finger band carved from solid powder.. The rings are whittled with penknives by the millworkers. Some are set with small .stones and chips. The number of liquor licenses issued In all the five boroughs of Greater New York last year was About 12,000. The state’s share, net revenue, was around $5,000,000; the city’s, about $5,700,000. Polish women are renowned for the beauty of their hands.

THE EVENING REPUBLICAN, RENSSELAER, IND.

‘CO»YftKWT BY *t5T»>N MVSMPH UNtON

though the amount of white blood exceeds that of the Indian. The constant and increasing intermarriage oi the whites and Indians has given and now gives rise to an increased number of persons listed as Indians. The amount of existing Indian blood, therefore, may not be increasing. The children of mixed marriages are more numerous and those of full Indian parentage less numerous. “The degree of blood admixture is significant. One hundred fifty thousand and fifty-three Indians are of unmixed lineage; 88.030 have varying degrees of white blood; 2,255 negroes among them have Indian blood, but are on the Indian rolls; 1,793 individuals are of white, Indian and negro mixture. . ‘Other mixtures’ are reported 80 in number. Twenty-three and three-fourths per cent are not reported. It thus appears that only 56.5 per cent of the Indian people are of ‘pure blood.’, -r... . ...

“In some states the full bloods predominate and in others less than one individual in ten is a full blood. The Indian in his purest strain is found in Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, lowa and Mississippi, _where from 85 to 100 per cent of the Indian population is of pure blood. Next comes California, Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota with percentages varying from 70 to 85. “Tribes in which 55 to 70 per cent are unmlxed live in Washington, Oregon, Montana, Nebraska and Louisiana. The great belt of half bloods runs from the Montana line on the west along the Canadian boundary to the coast, and includes North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York and Maine. These states, with Texas on the south have only from 40 to 55 per cent of full bloods. Only two states range in the 25 to 40 per cent column. Oddly enough these are Kansas and Oklahoma. This means that old Indian territory with its Five Tribes and other Indian occupants, and Kansas with its Pottawatomies, and Kickapoos have full bloods only in proportions of from 25 to 40 per cent. In Massachusetts, Alabama, South Carolina and Virginia, full-blood Indians are less than ten per cent of the Indian population. "The racial purity of the people enumerated as Indians is of pertinent Interest in- the determination of the ultimate fate of the race as an unmlxed stock. The available number of individuals upon which the figures are based is 247,137. Of this number 150,053 are full bloods, 93,423 mixed bloods and 3,661 with blood status not reported. It appears from these figures that the full bloods still constitute the majority, but, as later will appear, the degree of fecundity is lesk in the. full bloods and greater In mixed marriages. Thus in time Indian blood will become entirely diffused. It will take centuries and, perhaps, many of them before the traces of American Indian blood are eliminated. Of the Indians classed under these figures 125,654 are males arid 121,483 females. There are 75.667 full-bioed males and 74,226 full-blood females Among the mixed bloods the males also form the majority, the figures being 48,157 to 45,266 females. Of the total mixedblood Indians 45,384 males are Indian and white 40142,682r4ema1e5.” =

W. A. Rogers and Miss Anna Games Bock were married at St. Charles, Mo, recently. Each has only one arm, the bridegroom having lost his right in an accident, and the bride being minus her right. Recent examination of the coal de“indicates that they contain more than 1,000,000,000 tons of fuel of remarkable purity. In a German city garbage is collected, treated by a drying process and mixed with molasses to form cat tie feed. * ‘

BECKER A FREE AGENT

Outfielder Has Worn Uniform of —Several Big Clubs. —t—- : -;t— ftTTt First Secured by Pittsburgh Pirates and Farmed Out for More Experi-ence—-Was Traded for Manager Charlie Herzog. When the Phillies declared Beals Becker a free agent they turned loose one of the best-known outfielders In the National league. Fred Clarke got him his first position in the majors, but at that time Beals lacked experience and was soon farmed out by the grates. He improved came back and played for the Braves, the Giants, the Reds and the Phillies. He was twenty-nine years old last July. Becker broke into the big show at Pittsburgh. He was born at Eldorado, Kan., on July 5, 1886, stands 5 feet 9 Inches tall, and his playing weight Is about 175 pounds. He is a left-handed batter and thrower, and during his bush league days did some pretty good work as a southpaw pitcher. Becker’s first professional engagement was in 1905, when he wore a Little Rock uniform in the Southern association. Me drifted to Wichita, Kan., in the Western Association, ’ from which team he was bought by the pirates in the fall of 1907. Becker played In the outfield at Wichita and also pitched ten games, winning five of them. After being tried out by Fred Clarke in the spring of 1908, Beals, was sent back to bis old romping ground in Little Rock. His next appearance in the majors was in 1909, when he be-

Beals Becker.

came a member of the Boston club, but before the opening of the next season Becker was traded to the New York Giants in exchange for Charlie Herzog and William Collins. About two years later the Giants tried to send Becker back to the minors, but Cincinnati refused to waive and thus secured his services for the waiver price. In June of 1913 the Reds swapped Becker to the Phillies for Johnny Dodge. The outfielder remained with the Quakers until recently, when it was announced he had been given an unconditional release. Perhaps he will next be heard from at Brooklyn, Chicago or St. Louis, the three teams in the National league that have not yet carried him on their roster.

SWIMMING IS VERY POPULAR

Beautiful Sport More Firmly Established Now Than at Any Other Period in. its History. The beautiful art and science of swimming is more firmly established now than at any other period in the history of national sport, and in no branch of athletics has there been more marked progress. A few years ago it was considered a remarkable performance when an athlete recorded less than one minute for the 100-yard swim. Charles M. Daniels reduced this mark to 56 seconds, but with the figures now below 54 seconds it is difficult to foretell exactly what will happen in this branch of sport in 1916. The swimmers of recent prominence are not much faster than Daniels, who was unfortunate in not having opponents speedy enough to push him to the limit, and if he could be induced to return to the sport he would give many of the The one unfortunate feature about this sport is the continued lack of public and municipal support. The establishment of swimming pools is accomplishing much toward relieving the situation and, while much remains to be done, it is only a question of time until swimming will be recognized more gen--1 insr cnort.-' -infj OHS worthy of encouragement. ———

New York Boxing Referees.

The New York state boxing commission referee staff is made up of 45 officials.

CHANCE PREFERS FINE TO SPEEDING AUTO

Frank Chance, who has returned to baseball as part owner end manager of the Eos Angeles club? is a great speed enthusiast. He owns a big car that can reach a mark better than 8& miles an hour. On only two occasions has he asked a driver to slow up. One of these was when Barney Oldfield took him down a stretch of road near Pasadena at a gait exceeding 90 per. Another was when he was riding in a car from Boston to New York. They were hitting up about 60 miles an hour when a motorcycle po-

MANY ATHLETES IN FAMILY

Five Wilsons of Binghamton, N. Y., Scattered About Among Several Different Colleges. '..j? American college sport has had many noted groups of brothers who have attained fame in one foftn~of athletics or another besides the Poes of Princeton, the Joneses of Yale, and the Cutlers of Harvard. Now we must add the Wilsons of Binghamton, N. Y.; thus identified because no one college claims them—a family of athletes. There are five Wilsons —Tom, Alec, Marion, Kenneth and Donald. , “Tom” Wilson was guard at Lafayette one year and then played on the Princeton elevens in 1911 and 1912. During the past season he was line coach at Wisconsin, helping Bill Juneau. Alec Wilson, the next brother, was the 1915 captain and quarter-, back at Yale. Marion Wilson was one of the ends at Princeton, though not in the first string, and is said to be a wonder in receiving forward passes. Kenneth, the fourth brother, was on the scrub eleven at Exeter, and Don-

Capt. Alec Wilson.

aid, the youngest, was a substitute end on the Binghamton Central High school eleven. Kenneth also rows on the Exeter crew. “Tom” Wilson is 6 feet in height and weighs 200 pounds; Alec is 6 feet 2 inches and weighs 196; Marion is 5 feet 11% inches and weighs 150; Kenneth is 5 feet 10% inches and weighs 160, and Donald is 5 feet 10% inches and weigh* 136, A rangy lot of brothers.

Australian Boxers at the Front.

“Snowy” Baker, the Australian pugilistic promoter, figures about 500 men more or less prominently connected with the boxing game in Australia are in the trenches or on their way to the war. It 1* said that Les Darcy, the Australian champion, will follow the example of his countrymen and fellow fighters and will enlist for the war.

Some Costly Baseball Feats.

The St. Louis Feds paid Marsans a big bonus and SIO,OOO salary for making 22 base hits, fig-average of about SSOO per hit; Baltimore paid Chief Bender $6,666 for winning four ball games, an average cost of $1,666 per games, and the Braves paid Bill James $7,000 for spending the summer in the hospital.

Barney Oldfield and Frank Chance.

liceman was spied chasing them. ’‘Shall I hit it up and Iqse himr asked the driver. “Sure,” said Chance. For miles they sped along at a fearful gait, dodging carriages and evading dangerous spots. Finally the car skidded around a corner, just missing the ditch. “H’m,** remarked Chance. “Let's slow up a bit.” They did so, and the copper came up with them. Chance said he would have gladly paid any fine rather than make such a trip again.

SPORTING WORLD The St Louis club will retain Bob Connery and Eddie Herr as scout*. • * • Catesby Woodford, president of the Kentucky Racing association, has resigned. • • • “Smoky Joe” Wood of the Red Sox is slated for release. President Lannln has asked for waivers. The Boston club has received the signed contract of Catcher Walter Tragesser, the Jersey City recruit * • • The Cincinnati club has withdrawn Catcher Wingo from the market, notwithstandinga big bid by Boston. • • • Marty McHale, who undoubtedly la a good singer, hopes to upturn to the big show this year and stay there. ~ • • • If Hans Lobert plays ball as he did with the Phillies in 1913, the Giant* will be dangerous pennant factors. Miss Elaine Rosenthal of Chicago is Florida state golf champion, having defeated Miss Witherbee of Port Henry, 9 to 8, at Palm Beach. In the national amateur racket* championship at the Boston Racket club G. A. Thorne of Chicago was victorious. • • e Ray Demmitt, outfielder, formerly with the Chicago White Sox, has been ‘signed by the Columbqs American Association club. • • Mike McDevitt is putting In his spare time breaking and educating seven yearlings by Peter Me., and he says they are born trotters. • • • One of the reasons, perhaps, for the decline of the Cleveland Indians is the unusual Interest manifested in semiprofessional baseball tn that city. • ♦ * Fielder Jones has notified George Slsler, who plays everything, including penny ante, that tie will be used on the eminence exclusively next season. • • * ... One reason why the White Sox failed tb wtn the flag last season was that they had no less than 133 runners thrown out while attempting to steal. . ; • • • John J. McGraw likes a cocky player. He prefers a man who has confidence in himself. And Mr. John J. McGraw is a good student of human; nature. -• • • Mike Kelly, manager of the St. Paul Saintsi says he will take back Charley Boardman, the former Waterbury sout h paw, iC he fails to make good with the St. Louis Cardinals. - DeTWnward, finrauw manager of the San Francisco club of the Pacific Coast league, will next season manage the Hayden (Aris.) club of the Independent Copper Belt league. Hugh Duffy has turned down an offer to manage the Providence dub. Duffy made a great hit as owner of the team for three years and the dub has made no money since he left there.